613:
819:
835:
644:
968:
941:
929:
1619:
115:
139:
462:
914:
899:
582:
726:
952:
1530:
976:
548:
368:) and four species of beaded lizards. Their eyes are immobile and fixed in their head. The Gila monster is a large, stocky, most of the time slow-moving reptile that prefers arid deserts. Beaded lizards are seen to be more agile and seem to prefer more humid surroundings. The tails of all species of
1381:
Vidal, Nicolas; Marin, Julie; Sassi, Julia; Battistuzzi, Fabia U.; Donnellan, Steve; Fitch, Alison J.; Fry, Bryan G.; Vonk, Freek J.; Rodriguez de la Vega, Ricardo C.; Couloux, Arnaud; Hedges, S. Blair (2012-10-23).
1595:
400:
venom is used only in defense. Venom glands are believed to have evolved early in the lineage leading to the modern helodermatids, as their presence is indicated even in the 65-million-year-old fossil genus
807:
Venom production among lizards was long thought to be unique to this genus, but researchers studying venom production have proposed many others also produce some venom, all placed in the clade
453:. The Gila monster typically lays 6 eggs, the beaded lizards up to about 18 eggs . Comparing the different species, all eggs have a similar size, and the same holds true for their hatchlings.
722:(varanids) of Africa, Asia, and Australia, the wide geographical separation and unique features not found in the varanids indicates they are better placed in a separate family.
1600:
1187:
392:' venom glands, which are located behind the eyes. Also, unlike snakes, the Gila monster and beaded lizards lack the musculature to inject venom immediately. They have to
815:
and 13 other families of lizards. However, except for snakes, helodermatids, and possibly varanids, envenomation is not considered medically significant for humans
3264:
799:
In contrast, molecular studies have identified
Heloderma as being within Anguioidea along with Anguidae and Xenosauridae, but specifically sister to Anguidae.
1060:
C. M. Bogert, R. M. Del Campo (1956). "The Gila
Monster and its Allies. The relationships, habits, and behavior of the lizards of the family Helodermatidae".
1929:
1148:
Richard L. Cifelli, Randall L. Nydam. 1995. Primitive, helodermatid-like platynotans from the Early cretaceous of Utah. Herpetologica. 51(3):286-291.
1159:
3159:
405:. In general, one adult helodermatid has approximately 15 to 20 mg of venom, while the estimated lethal dose for humans is 5 to 8 mg.
3185:
376:
for better protection. The scales of the belly are free from osteoderms. Most species are dark in color, with yellowish or pinkish markings.
1607:
2988:
1756:
1034:
2871:
1725:
612:
3254:
3133:
1007:
3172:
1708:
1433:"Molecular Phylogenetics of Squamata: The Position of Snakes, Amphisbaenians, and Dibamids, and the Root of the Squamate Tree"
1184:
1675:
1169:
1103:
1044:
1017:
3177:
1594:, in the dry forests of eastern Guatemala: an application of multi-criteria evaluation to conservation. Iguana 14: 152–158.
2623:
2302:
1599:
Ariano-Sánchez, D. 2006. The
Guatemalan beaded lizard: endangered inhabitant of a unique ecosystem. Iguana 13: 178–183.
2497:
1384:"Molecular evidence for an Asian origin of monitor lizards followed by Tertiary dispersals to Africa and Australasia"
1365:
1249:
1220:
1133:
1650:
The Gila
Monster and its Allies. The relationships, habits, and behavior of the lizards of the family Helodermatidae
940:
3190:
1749:
1265:
746:
263:
240:
913:
898:
637:: Rio Fuerte, Rio Mayo, southern Sonora, northern Sinaloa, western Chihuahua and the Sierra Madre Occidental
928:
3086:
3081:
2811:
2605:
2723:
1742:
676:
have many extinct relatives in the
Helodermatidae whose evolutionary history may be traced back to the
1009:
Wild and Exotic Animal
Ophthalmology: Volume 1: Invertebrates, Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Birds
138:
2596:
2356:
2806:
2386:
2295:
1481:
Fry, B.; et al. (February 2006). "Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes".
594:
588:
301:
3249:
2816:
625:
560:
1604:
372:
are used as fat storage organs. The scales of the head, back and tail are bead-like, containing
3259:
3216:
3021:
2777:
2705:
2696:
2642:
2560:
2437:
1590:
Ariano-Sánchez, D. & G. Salazar. 2007. Notes on the distribution of the endangered lizard,
777:
3164:
3211:
2404:
2395:
2377:
650:
619:
294:
3226:
3203:
772:
Conrad, 2008 and Estes et al., 1988 (using morphological data) places
Helodermatidae within
3107:
3068:
2732:
2542:
2533:
2479:
1722:
1490:
1185:
http://www.redlist-arc.org/Article-PDFs/Special%20Mexico%20Issue_ARC_7(1)_74-96_low_res.pdf
818:
711:
8:
3059:
2914:
2660:
2506:
2461:
2288:
730:
280:
1494:
3073:
2515:
2470:
1579:
1514:
1408:
1383:
1350:
Phylogenetic
Relationships of the Lizard Families: Essays Commemorating Charles L. Camp
1326:
862:
554:
308:
287:
257:
133:
3198:
3094:
2741:
2714:
2551:
1860:
1705:
1671:
1571:
1506:
1462:
1454:
1413:
1361:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1288:
1245:
1216:
1165:
1129:
1099:
1040:
1013:
788:. However, Estes et al., 1988 understood Helodermatidae as having split earlier from
707:
1652:. Vol. 109. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. pp. 1–238.
1583:
1330:
643:
3099:
2759:
2587:
2167:
1942:
1850:
1835:
1668:
The Gila
Monster Heloderma suspectum - Natural History, Husbandry & Propagation
1561:
1518:
1498:
1444:
1403:
1395:
1353:
1300:
1238:
315:
2878:
2855:
2687:
2633:
2210:
2177:
2120:
1840:
1729:
1712:
1611:
1268:(1829). "Über die Gesetzlichkeit in der geographischen Verbreitung der Saurier".
1191:
718:. Although the beaded lizards and the Gila monster appear closely related to the
993:"POISINDEX(R) TOXICOLOGIC MANAGEMENTS Topic: GILA MONSTER (HELODERMA SUSPECTUM)"
2768:
2669:
2524:
2488:
2452:
2250:
2187:
2157:
2100:
2075:
2070:
2047:
2027:
1965:
1937:
1883:
1614:. 2007. Resume of the 14th Convention of the Parts. The Hague. The Netherlands.
1605:
CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA
1431:
Townsend, Ted M.; Larson, Allan; Louis, Edward; Macey, J. Robert (2004-10-01).
1289:"A combined evidence phylogenetic analysis of Anguimorpha (Reptilia: Squamata)"
967:
719:
345:
223:
200:
1566:
1545:
1449:
1432:
1345:
1287:
Conrad, Jack L.; Ast, Jennifer C.; Montanari, Shaena; Norell, Mark A. (2011).
1006:
Montiani-Ferreira, Fabiano; Moore, Bret A.; Ben-Shlomo, Gil (April 27, 2022).
114:
3243:
3044:
2864:
2786:
2569:
2205:
2195:
2162:
2149:
2125:
2090:
2080:
2017:
2012:
1990:
1845:
1458:
1314:
758:
715:
430:
213:
72:
834:
2981:
2960:
2932:
2678:
2614:
2578:
2413:
2265:
2230:
2130:
2105:
2032:
1957:
1575:
1510:
1466:
1417:
1399:
1322:
1210:
738:
581:
361:
249:
122:
20:
3146:
3053:
2974:
2967:
2946:
2939:
2750:
2428:
2255:
2240:
2220:
2172:
2110:
2085:
2042:
2004:
1985:
1907:
1893:
1855:
1690:
725:
703:
414:
393:
47:
1717:
1618:
1502:
3138:
2311:
2245:
2225:
1919:
1878:
1870:
1830:
808:
773:
677:
520:
373:
337:
92:
57:
1529:
1357:
992:
461:
3151:
3120:
2953:
2897:
2889:
2200:
2140:
2115:
2095:
2022:
1970:
1812:
1196:
Taxonomic reassessment and conservation status of the beaded lizard,
699:
603:
573:
547:
450:
150:
97:
3015:
1734:
3125:
3038:
2651:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2235:
2065:
2037:
1980:
1975:
1903:
1796:
1784:
1765:
190:
170:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
881:, are extremely rare, and only a few captive specimens are known.
2995:
2057:
1947:
1790:
951:
784:
691:
682:
418:
180:
102:
77:
40:
1635:
1005:
2907:
2839:
2323:
2215:
1778:
710:. Because the helodermatids have remained relatively unchanged
662:
634:
569:
426:
422:
160:
3112:
2280:
2260:
1888:
1822:
1647:
1059:
975:
812:
796:, whereas Conrad, 2008 groups them at the same branch point.
389:
341:
333:
1124:
Bauer, Aaron M. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.).
525:
434:
1380:
523:
of beaded lizards, elevated to full species in 2013, are:
866:
1430:
1286:
1211:
King, Ruth Allen; Pianka, Eric R.; King, Dennis (2004).
869:
throughout much of the world. The other two species of
757:
six months later, which means "studded skin", from the
749:. Although he originally assigned it the generic name
340:
lizards that contains five species, all of which are
2852:
1237:
1062:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
765:(ηλος)—the head of a nail or stud—and
1546:"Envenomation by a wild Guatemalan beaded lizard
388:are located at the end of the lower jaws, unlike
3241:
1235:
1123:
1543:
702:from the Gila monster have been found in late
3265:Taxa named by Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann
2296:
1750:
1346:"Phylogenetic relationships within squamata"
344:. It is the only extant genus of the family
1659:Biology of Gila Monsters and Beaded Lizards
1081:Biology of Gila Monsters and Beaded Lizards
572:: northern Chiapas to extreme northwestern
2303:
2289:
1757:
1743:
1128:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 156.
113:
1661:. London: University Press of California.
1565:
1448:
1407:
1304:
1215:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1032:
1665:
1617:
1528:
1264:
1229:
1204:
1093:
974:
966:
950:
833:
817:
724:
490:late Miocene (approx. 10 million years)
460:
1480:
1473:
1126:Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians
825:skull with dentition, Photo by A. Laube
745:, which was first described in 1829 by
706:(8,000-10,000 years ago) deposits near
482:late Eocene (approx. 35 million years)
3242:
1648:C. M. Bogert, R. M. Del Campo (1956).
396:the venom into the flesh of a victim.
19:For the dermatological condition, see
3020:
3019:
2837:
2354:
2284:
1764:
1738:
1723:Family Helodermatidae (Gila Monsters)
1533:A Chiapan beaded lizard in captivity.
1343:
1164:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1119:
1117:
1115:
1033:Fischbarg, Jorge (December 9, 2005).
498:Pliocene (approx. 4.4 million years)
2624:Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor
2498:Black-spotted ridge-tailed monitor (
1670:. Frankfurt/Main: Edition Chimaira.
1656:
1157:
1098:. Frankfurt/Main: Edition Chimaira.
1096:The Gila Monster Heloderma suspectum
1078:
714:, they are occasionally regarded as
506:Pliocene (approx. 3 million years)
13:
2355:
1641:
1112:
14:
3276:
1629:
1592:Heloderma horridum charlesbogerti
1548:Heloderma horridum charlesbogerti
1083:. University Press of California.
3255:Extant Miocene first appearances
1306:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00330.x
939:
927:
912:
897:
729:Mexican beaded lizard skeleton (
642:
611:
580:
546:
137:
45:
2838:
1666:Schwandt, Hans-Joachim (2019).
1544:Ariano-Sánchez, Daniel (2008).
1424:
1374:
1337:
1280:
1258:
1178:
1094:Schwandt, Hans-Joachim (2019).
829:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
440:
2310:
1151:
1142:
1087:
1072:
1053:
1026:
999:
985:
979:Heloderm horridum captive bred
351:
1:
1213:Varanoid Lizards of the World
962:
665:: southern Sinaloa to Oaxaca
2724:Short-tailed pygmy monitor (
946:Group of young Gila monsters
865:and are well represented in
7:
1693:has information related to
628:and Martin del Campo, 1956
563:and Martin del Campo, 1956
474:Explanation of the numbers
456:
10:
3281:
2606:Mitchell's water monitor (
2396:Rio Fuerte beaded lizard (
2387:Guatemalan beaded lizard (
1200:(Squamata: Helodermatidae)
1194:Reiserer & al., 2013,
884:
802:
18:
3028:
2924:
2888:
2851:
2847:
2833:
2799:
2450:
2426:
2368:
2364:
2350:
2318:
2186:
2148:
2139:
2056:
2003:
1956:
1928:
1915:
1902:
1869:
1821:
1805:
1773:
1567:10.1080/15563650701733031
1450:10.1080/10635150490522340
1158:Dart, Richard C. (2004).
1049:– via Google Books.
1022:– via Google Books.
631:Rio Fuerte beaded lizard
600:Guatemalan beaded lizard
473:
276:
271:
255:
248:
134:Scientific classification
132:
121:
112:
30:
2778:Yellow-spotted monitor (
2643:Peach-throated monitor (
2597:Merten's water monitor (
2561:Kimberely rock monitor (
2438:Earless monitor lizard (
1634:Schwandt, Hans- Joachim
1537:
1236:Mattison, Chris (1998).
861:are frequently found in
698:lived, and fragments of
379:
302:Heloderma charlesbogerti
2697:Rennel Island monitor (
2405:Mexican beaded lizard (
2378:Chiapan beaded lizard (
1344:Estes, Richard (1988).
769:(δερμα), meaning skin.
408:
2733:Spiny-tailed monitor (
2543:Emerald tree monitor (
2480:Black-headed monitor (
1626:
1534:
1400:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0460
1036:The Biology of the Eye
980:
972:
959:
847:
826:
779:Lanthanotus borneensis
734:
690:has existed since the
659:Mexican beaded lizard
566:Chiapan beaded lizard
511:
3212:Paleobiology Database
2706:Rosenberg's monitor (
2661:Pygmy mulga monitor (
2507:Blue-tailed monitor (
2462:Asian water monitor (
1718:Heloderma information
1623:Heloderma exasperatum
1621:
1532:
1276:(3–4). Oken: 418–428.
1244:. London: Blandford.
978:
971:Captured Gila monster
970:
954:
934:Gila monster hatching
837:
821:
811:, which includes all
728:
672:Members of the genus
606:: the Motagua Valley
515:Family Helodermatidae
464:
295:Heloderma exasperatum
2471:Black tree monitor (
1706:About Beaded Lizards
1657:Beck, D. D. (2005).
1638:2006 in 6 languages
1240:Lizards of the World
1079:Beck, D. D. (2005).
384:The venom glands of
2915:Varanus amnhophilis
2742:Turquoise monitor (
2715:Roughneck monitor (
2534:Dumeril's monitor (
2516:Crocodile monitor (
1696:Heloderma suspectum
1554:Clinical Toxicology
1503:10.1038/nature04328
1495:2006Natur.439..584F
1012:. Springer Nature.
920:Heloderma suspectum
905:Heloderma suspectum
891:Heloderma suspectum
838:Hatchling sizes of
823:Heloderma suspectum
753:, he changed it to
731:Museum of Osteology
281:Heloderma suspectum
127:Heloderma suspectum
2812:Cretaceous lizards
2800:Related categories
2760:Savannah monitor (
2588:Mangrove monitor (
1728:2010-07-15 at the
1711:2015-02-15 at the
1627:
1610:2018-09-30 at the
1535:
1437:Systematic Biology
1198:Heloderma horridum
1190:2013-10-23 at the
1161:Medical Toxicology
981:
973:
960:
848:
827:
743:Heloderma horridum
735:
597:and Vannini, 1988
512:
413:Helodermatids are
309:Heloderma alvarezi
288:Heloderma horridum
258:Heloderma horridum
3237:
3236:
3199:Open Tree of Life
3022:Taxon identifiers
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2762:V. exanthematicus
2688:Pilbara monitor (
2634:Peacock monitor (
2389:H. charlesbogerti
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
1999:
1998:
1930:Gymnophthalmoidea
1861:Sphaerodactylidae
1702:
1701:
1677:978-3-89973-441-6
1636:www.heloderma.net
1489:(7076): 584–588.
1171:978-0-7817-2845-4
1105:978-3-89973-441-6
1046:978-0-08-047609-4
1019:978-3-030-71302-7
879:H. charlesbogerti
708:Las Vegas, Nevada
669:
668:
656:(Wiegmann, 1829)
589:H. charlesbogerti
541:Geographic range
510:
509:
465:Cladogram of the
429:, and eating the
325:
324:
244:
16:Genus of reptiles
3272:
3230:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3206:
3194:
3193:
3181:
3180:
3168:
3167:
3155:
3154:
3142:
3141:
3129:
3128:
3116:
3115:
3103:
3102:
3090:
3089:
3077:
3076:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3017:
3016:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2835:
2834:
2769:Yellow monitor (
2744:V. caerulivirens
2670:Quince monitor (
2552:Gray's monitor (
2525:Desert monitor (
2489:Bengal monitor (
2366:
2365:
2352:
2351:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2168:Leptotyphlopidae
2146:
2145:
1943:Gymnophthalmidae
1913:
1912:
1851:Phyllodactylidae
1836:Carphodactylidae
1759:
1752:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1662:
1653:
1587:
1569:
1523:
1522:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1452:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1308:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1266:Wiegmann, A.F.A.
1262:
1256:
1255:
1243:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1208:
1202:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1121:
1110:
1109:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1003:
997:
996:
989:
943:
931:
916:
901:
680:period, such as
646:
615:
584:
550:
526:
471:
470:
425:and other small
316:Heloderma texana
239:
142:
141:
117:
107:
44:
36:Temporal range:
28:
27:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3225:
3223:
3215:
3210:
3202:
3197:
3189:
3184:
3176:
3171:
3163:
3158:
3150:
3145:
3137:
3132:
3124:
3119:
3111:
3106:
3098:
3093:
3085:
3080:
3072:
3067:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3024:
3014:
3001:
2920:
2900:Varanus priscus
2884:
2879:Paranecrosaurus
2856:Palaeovaranidae
2843:
2821:
2807:Monitor lizards
2795:
2787:Yemen monitor (
2570:Komodo dragon (
2446:
2422:
2360:
2346:
2314:
2309:
2279:
2270:
2231:Cylindrophiidae
2211:Atractaspididae
2182:
2178:Xenotyphlopidae
2135:
2121:Phrynosomatidae
2052:
1995:
1952:
1924:
1898:
1865:
1841:Diplodactylidae
1817:
1801:
1769:
1763:
1730:Wayback Machine
1713:Wayback Machine
1678:
1644:
1642:Further reading
1632:
1625:near Los Alamos
1612:Wayback Machine
1540:
1527:
1526:
1478:
1474:
1429:
1425:
1388:Biology Letters
1379:
1375:
1368:
1342:
1338:
1285:
1281:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1209:
1205:
1192:Wayback Machine
1183:
1179:
1172:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1122:
1113:
1106:
1092:
1088:
1077:
1073:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1004:
1000:
991:
990:
986:
965:
947:
944:
935:
932:
923:
917:
908:
902:
887:
832:
805:
720:monitor lizards
712:morphologically
671:
459:
445:All species of
443:
411:
382:
354:
267:
261:
238:
136:
108:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
38:
37:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3278:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3250:Helodermatidae
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3221:
3208:
3195:
3182:
3169:
3156:
3143:
3130:
3117:
3104:
3091:
3078:
3074:Helodermatidae
3065:
3050:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2885:
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2882:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2858:
2845:
2844:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2817:Helodermatidae
2814:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2726:V. brevicauda
2721:
2712:
2708:V. rosenbergi
2703:
2699:V. juxtindicus
2694:
2685:
2681:V. albigularis
2679:Rock monitor (
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2636:V. auffenbergi
2631:
2621:
2615:Nile monitor (
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2579:Lace monitor (
2576:
2572:V. komodoensis
2567:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2491:V. bengalensis
2486:
2477:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2414:Gila monster (
2411:
2402:
2398:H. exasperatum
2393:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2370:Helodermatidae
2362:
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2348:
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2344:
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2332:
2326:
2319:
2316:
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2308:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2251:Tropidophiidae
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
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2188:Alethinophidia
2184:
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2158:Anomalepididae
2154:
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2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2101:Leiocephalidae
2098:
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2076:Corytophanidae
2073:
2071:Chamaeleonidae
2068:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2048:Diploglossidae
2045:
2040:
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2030:
2028:Helodermatidae
2025:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2001:
2000:
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1996:
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1938:Alopoglossidae
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1630:External links
1628:
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1560:(9): 897–899.
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840:H. exasperatum
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716:living fossils
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2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2865:Palaeovaranus
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2789:V. yemenensis
2785:
2783:
2781:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2771:V. flavescens
2767:
2765:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2751:Sand goanna (
2749:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2735:V. acanthurus
2731:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2717:V. rudicollis
2713:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2518:V. salvadorii
2514:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2483:
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2469:
2467:
2465:
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2459:
2457:
2455:
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2449:
2443:
2441:
2440:L. borneensis
2436:
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2399:
2394:
2392:
2390:
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2376:
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2209:
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2206:Anomochilidae
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2189:
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2179:
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2171:
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2163:Gerrhopilidae
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2159:
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2150:Scolecophidia
2147:
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2138:
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2126:Polychrotidae
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2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
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2102:
2099:
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2091:Hoplocercidae
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2019:
2018:Lanthanotidae
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2013:Shinisauridae
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1991:Trogonophidae
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1367:9780804714358
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1222:0-253-34366-6
1218:
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1197:
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1189:
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1181:
1173:
1167:
1163:
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1127:
1120:
1118:
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1082:
1075:
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759:Ancient Greek
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579:
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535:Taxon author
527:
524:
522:
517:
516:
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502:
501:
497:
494:
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489:
486:
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359:
349:
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94:
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84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
42:
33:
29:
26:
22:
3029:
2994:
2987:
2982:Palaeosaniwa
2980:
2973:
2966:
2961:Morohasaurus
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2933:Arcanosaurus
2931:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2654:V. giganteus
2653:
2645:V. jobiensis
2644:
2635:
2627:
2617:V. niloticus
2616:
2608:V. mitchelli
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2554:V. olivaceus
2553:
2544:
2536:V. dumerilii
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2451:
2439:
2427:
2416:H. suspectum
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2369:
2266:Xenopeltidae
2131:Tropiduridae
2106:Leiosauridae
2033:Xenosauridae
1958:Amphisbaenia
1695:
1694:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1633:
1622:
1591:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1391:
1387:
1376:
1349:
1339:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1239:
1231:
1212:
1206:
1199:
1195:
1180:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1125:
1095:
1089:
1080:
1074:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1039:. Elsevier.
1035:
1028:
1008:
1001:
987:
955:
919:
904:
893:in captivity
890:
878:
874:
870:
859:H. suspectum
858:
854:
850:
849:
844:H. suspectum
843:
839:
830:In captivity
822:
806:
798:
793:
789:
783:
778:
771:
766:
762:
754:
750:
742:
739:type species
736:
695:
687:
686:. The genus
681:
673:
670:
649:
618:
587:
553:
538:Common name
518:
514:
513:
466:
446:
444:
441:Reproduction
412:
402:
397:
385:
383:
369:
366:H. suspectum
365:
362:Gila monster
357:
355:
328:
327:
326:
314:
307:
300:
293:
286:
279:
256:
250:Type species
234:
233:
207:
197:Infraorder:
126:
123:Gila monster
31:
25:
21:Knuckle pads
3147:iNaturalist
3054:Wikispecies
2975:Telmasaurus
2947:Cherminotus
2940:Aiolosaurus
2898:Megalania (
2780:V. panoptes
2663:V. gilleni
2628:V. bitatawa
2599:V. mertensi
2563:V. glauerti
2545:V. prasinus
2509:V. doreanus
2473:V. beccarii
2464:V. salvator
2429:Lanthanotus
2407:H. horridum
2380:H. alvarezi
2256:Uropeltidae
2241:Loxocemidae
2221:Bolyeriidae
2173:Typhlopidae
2111:Liolaemidae
2086:Dactyloidae
2043:Anniellidae
2005:Anguimorpha
1986:Rhineuridae
1908:Lacertoidea
1894:Xantusiidae
1856:Pygopodidae
1691:Wikispecies
1352:: 119–281.
922:with 6 eggs
907:with 4 eggs
875:H. alvarezi
851:H. horridum
846:(taxidermy)
790:Lanthanotus
776:along with
751:Trachyderma
704:Pleistocene
651:H. horridum
555:H. alvarezi
415:carnivorous
352:Description
338:toxicoferan
3244:Categories
2753:V. gouldii
2672:V. melinus
2652:Perentie (
2590:V. indicus
2527:V. griseus
2500:V. baritji
2482:V. tristis
2312:Varanoidea
2246:Pythonidae
2226:Colubridae
1920:Lacertidae
1879:Cordylidae
1871:Scincoidea
1831:Gekkonidae
1358:10088/6457
1293:Cladistics
963:References
842:(top) and
809:Toxicofera
774:Varanoidea
700:osteoderms
678:Cretaceous
521:subspecies
374:osteoderms
356:The genus
3060:Heloderma
3030:Heloderma
2989:Saniwides
2954:Gobiderma
2890:Varanidae
2581:V. varius
2322:Kingdom:
2261:Viperidae
2201:Aniliidae
2141:Serpentes
2116:Opluridae
2096:Iguanidae
2023:Varanidae
1971:Bipedidae
1889:Scincidae
1813:Dibamidae
1777:Kingdom:
1459:1063-5157
1315:1096-0031
956:Heloderma
871:Heloderma
863:captivity
755:Heloderma
696:H. texana
688:Heloderma
674:Heloderma
604:Guatemala
574:Guatemala
519:The four
467:Heloderma
451:oviparous
447:Heloderma
403:Paraderma
398:Heloderma
386:Heloderma
370:Heloderma
358:Heloderma
329:Heloderma
235:Heloderma
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
43:to Recent
32:Heloderma
3039:Wikidata
2872:Eosaniwa
2690:V. bushi
2342:Squamata
2336:Reptilia
2330:Chordata
2328:Phylum:
2324:Animalia
2236:Elapidae
2066:Agamidae
2038:Anguidae
1981:Cadeidae
1976:Blanidae
1904:Laterata
1797:Squamata
1791:Reptilia
1785:Chordata
1783:Phylum:
1779:Animalia
1768:families
1766:Squamata
1726:Archived
1709:Archived
1608:Archived
1584:22173811
1576:18608297
1511:16292255
1467:15545252
1418:22809723
1331:84301257
1323:34875778
1188:Archived
1068:: 1–238.
595:Campbell
532:Species
469:species
457:Taxonomy
342:venomous
272:Species
264:Wiegmann
241:Wiegmann
220:Family:
191:Squamata
181:Reptilia
171:Chordata
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
3165:1392042
3139:2460816
3045:Q729412
2996:Estesia
2453:Varanus
2359:species
2340:Order:
2334:Class:
2058:Iguania
1948:Teiidae
1823:Gekkota
1806:Dibamia
1795:Order:
1789:Class:
1519:4386245
1491:Bibcode
1409:3441001
885:Gallery
794:Varanus
785:Varanus
694:, when
692:Miocene
683:Estesia
427:mammals
423:rodents
419:preying
230:Genus:
187:Order:
177:Class:
41:Miocene
3227:215845
3224:uBio:
3204:978851
3178:174112
3126:1HLDMG
3087:105941
2925:Others
2908:Saniwa
2840:Fossil
2357:Extant
2216:Boidae
1674:
1582:
1574:
1517:
1509:
1483:Nature
1465:
1457:
1416:
1406:
1364:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1248:
1219:
1168:
1132:
1102:
1043:
1016:
857:, and
813:snakes
761:words
663:Mexico
635:Mexico
626:Bogert
570:Mexico
561:Bogert
529:Image
390:snakes
266:, 1829
243:, 1829
39:Early
3217:38033
3160:IRMNG
3152:35002
3113:36255
3100:637GG
1580:S2CID
1538:Notes
1515:S2CID
1327:S2CID
803:Venom
767:derma
763:hêlos
435:birds
380:Venom
334:genus
332:is a
208:Clade
3191:8550
3186:NCBI
3173:ITIS
3134:GBIF
3121:EPPO
3082:BOLD
2968:Ovoo
2842:taxa
1672:ISBN
1572:PMID
1507:PMID
1463:PMID
1455:ISSN
1414:PMID
1362:ISBN
1319:PMID
1311:ISSN
1270:Isis
1246:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1166:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1041:ISBN
1014:ISBN
958:skin
877:and
867:zoos
792:and
782:and
737:The
449:are
431:eggs
409:Diet
394:chew
48:PreꞒ
3108:EoL
3095:CoL
3069:ADW
1562:doi
1499:doi
1487:439
1445:doi
1404:PMC
1396:doi
1354:hdl
1301:doi
1066:109
741:is
433:of
421:on
336:of
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3214::
3201::
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3097::
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1906:/
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1570:.
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1325:.
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1297:27
1295:.
1291:.
1274:22
1272:.
1114:^
1064:.
873:,
853:,
503:4
495:3
487:2
479:1
417:,
348:.
210::
125:,
98:Pg
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2853:†
2791:)
2782:)
2773:)
2764:)
2755:)
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2710:)
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2692:)
2683:)
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2475:)
2466:)
2442:)
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2304:e
2297:t
2290:v
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1751:t
1744:v
1680:.
1586:.
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1493::
1469:.
1447::
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1398::
1392:8
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1254:.
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1174:.
1138:.
1108:.
995:.
733:)
364:(
319:†
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:Ꞓ
23:.
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