31:
48:
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of
Lebanese Arabic in Knowledge articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without
135:
Knowledge transcriptions for
Lebanese Arabic vowels may be either more general and abstract, using only the symbols from the first column (primary vowel), or more detailed and precise, using the symbols from the second column (variants, allophones); see
2550:/ exclusively. Narrow transcription can use invariably before the semivowels and in light syllables, but in stressed and heavy/superheavy syllables. If a consonant-final word ends in an unstressed syllable containing /
2617:
in a given context varies greatly from region to region, so if a word can be demonstrated to have a common pronunciation in violation of the following guidelines, record it as well.) The default pronunciation is
2539:
Except word-finally, there is no functional phonemic distinction between "tense" and their "lax" counterparts , and for some speakers they are in free variation. Broad transcription should use /
3747:
125:
words and pronunciations. Please note that several of these symbols are used in ways that are specific to
Knowledge and differ from those used by dictionaries.
2267:
69:
3804:
2827:/ "Lebanese", and others. The latter set of examples is merged by many speakers into -e, however. Therefore, transcribe with both, as in
2238:
If your browser does not display IPA symbols, you probably need to install a font that includes the IPA. Good free IPA fonts include
2877:
Traditionally and for certain speakers, only appears in loanwords like French-derived /gatˈto/ and /majˈjo/, as well as in the "he"
2852:/ "what" as an alternative realization of /-uː/, as well as traditionally in the verbal third-person-plural conjugational suffix:
152:, for example), the first one should be used on Knowledge — even if the second is slightly closer to the sound being transcribed.
3783:
2293:
2099:
38:
2862:/ "they came". The latter is merged by many speakers into /-o/ as seen below, however. Therefore, transcribe with both, as in
1355:
3757:
2761:
2725:
1922:
1911:
1899:
1782:
949:
396:
2936:
2594:/bard/ "cold", but if the intent is to match an English transliteration that represents it, then use parentheses as in
1428:
3752:
2486:, but speakers in the rest of the country exhibit this pronunciation only marginally and mostly in proper nouns like
137:
3742:
581:
2945:
2746:
2735:
2620:
2442:
2436:
1998:
1852:
1723:
1717:
1710:
1563:
1519:
1349:
1278:
280:
113:
42:
2784:/ "something" as an alternative realization of /-iː/, as well as traditionally in various suffixes spelled with
2656:
2406:
336:
2373:
3022:
1608:
1290:
815:
148:
54:
2208:
consists of a single consonant in its own syllable at the beginning of a word. Its default form is , but it
140:. In narrower transcription, if the "variants, allophones" column shows two vowels joined by a tilde (as in
2756:
2740:
2063:
1917:
1777:
1771:
1764:
1422:
1180:
559:
518:
3184:
65:
2682:
2661:
2552:
2541:
2411:
2401:
1964:
1652:
1620:
1343:
1336:
896:
887:
308:
2384:. Otherwise, the letter only represents a vowel that varies between and . In broad transcription, use /
3095:
2751:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2626:
2519:
2386:
2209:
1906:
1894:
1857:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1829:
1728:
1569:
1556:
1272:
1265:
1148:
982:
921:
650:
609:
3616:
3561:
3431:
3212:
3154:
2688:
2646:
2416:
1602:
1595:
1284:
789:
787:
748:
672:
648:
557:
256:
142:
3551:
3309:
3207:
3075:
3000:
2985:
2905:
2565:
2546:
2498:
2478:
2464:
2446:/ after all other consonants. In narrow transcription, follow the same rules, except use after an
2288:
2278:
2033:
1681:
1416:
1409:
1067:
3671:
3556:
3254:
3239:
2676:
2490:. In all other words, despite occasional regional variation, its most-standard pronunciation is /
1614:
1046:
1010:
368:
258:
221:
193:
3471:
3446:
3381:
3169:
3110:
3017:
2990:
2929:
2651:
2421:
2339:
2283:
718:
3778:
3701:
2733:, they are only rarely (and/or regionally) conserved, instead resulting in the monophthongs /
2670:/. In narrow transcription, follow the same rules, except use in the same proximities of an
2636:
2426:
480:
452:
424:
129:
3501:
3426:
3229:
3147:
3100:
3027:
1108:
348:
8:
3686:
3511:
3461:
3386:
3371:
3105:
3037:
2588:, creating an extra syllable that can never be stressed. Prefer not to transcribe, as in
2523:/ exclusively. Narrow transcription should instead use when either immediately after an
50:
3666:
3546:
3476:
3441:
3401:
3284:
3269:
3264:
3217:
3159:
3090:
3057:
2962:
2914:
2671:
2641:
2631:
2524:
2447:
2391:
2137:
79:
87:
3681:
3651:
3566:
3541:
3526:
3391:
3366:
3316:
3244:
3234:
3199:
3194:
3164:
3117:
3085:
3012:
3007:
2967:
2922:
2581:
2213:
1486:
1479:
1038:
780:
641:
550:
249:
3416:
3711:
3691:
3661:
3656:
3646:
3621:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3536:
3531:
3521:
3516:
3496:
3481:
3451:
3421:
3406:
3376:
3361:
3336:
3304:
3289:
3179:
3142:
3132:
3070:
3062:
3042:
2972:
2729:/ are typically preserved in all syllables that are not word-final. In word-final
3721:
3716:
3636:
3571:
3506:
3491:
3466:
3456:
3346:
3341:
3331:
3321:
3249:
3189:
3174:
3127:
3052:
3047:
3032:
2980:
2957:
2730:
2381:
2377:
2273:
122:
94:
3726:
3706:
3696:
3676:
3631:
3626:
3596:
3436:
3396:
3356:
3326:
3294:
3279:
3259:
3224:
3137:
3122:
2483:
111:
Throughout
Knowledge, the pronunciation of words is indicated by means of the
3798:
3641:
3486:
3411:
3274:
2585:
3351:
3299:
2666:
2504:
2492:
2396:
2257:
2247:
863:
844:
1257:
2744:/ in "standard" speech. In both cases, certain speakers may substitute /
2577:
2243:
128:
If the IPA symbols are not displayed properly by your browser, see the
2502:/ in such proper nouns and in terms pertaining to the Druze, and as /
1818:
1250:
167:
2338:
represent , , , respectively, except in certain words borrowed from
2253:
For a guide to adding pronunciations to
Knowledge articles, see the
3773:
2878:
2803:/ "come! (feminine)", the first-person possessive enclitic seen in
2106:
61:
17:
2793:: the verbal second-person-feminine conjugational suffix seen in
2268:
Knowledge:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters
2239:
2203:
2184:
2644:
in the same word, and lastly when immediately following any of /
2266:
For a guide to adding IPA characters to
Knowledge articles, see
2369:
1469:
1390:
1317:
2250:
which is complete; download links can be found on those pages.
2891:/ "his book". In both cases, it is misleadingly spelled with
2814:
2487:
1946:
1882:
1752:
1509:
1223:
2894:
2788:
2610:
2471:
2380:. It represents the sound when the word is grammatically
2361:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2232:
2084:
2080:
2050:
2020:
2016:
1985:
1981:
1807:
1698:
1669:
1544:
1397:
1324:
1202:
1198:
1168:
1164:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1091:
1055:
1026:
998:
965:
937:
904:
875:
871:
832:
803:
799:
768:
764:
736:
706:
660:
629:
625:
597:
569:
538:
534:
506:
468:
440:
412:
384:
356:
324:
296:
268:
237:
209:
2944:
2556:/, however, use in narrow transcription rather than .
121:). The following tables list the IPA symbols used for
2708:
In
Lebanese Arabic, the original Arabic diphthongs */
2300:
2765:/, but this should not be favored in transcription.
2130:Indicates that the following syllable is stressed.
2903:take this to mean that it should be transcribed /-
108:Knowledge key to pronunciation of Lebanese Arabic
3796:
155:
45:transcriptions of Lebanese Arabic on Knowledge.
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
60:For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2930:
2892:
2882:
2863:
2853:
2843:
2828:
2818:
2804:
2794:
2785:
2775:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2595:
2589:
2469:
2359:
2323:
2221:
2201:
2192:
2182:
2151:Indicates that the preceding vowel is long.
2143:
2122:
2077:
2047:
2013:
1978:
1944:
1880:
1805:
1750:
1696:
1667:
1542:
1504:
1464:
1395:
1385:
1322:
1312:
1196:
1162:
1126:
1089:
1053:
1024:
996:
963:
935:
902:
869:
830:
797:
762:
734:
704:
658:
623:
595:
567:
532:
504:
466:
438:
410:
382:
354:
322:
294:
266:
235:
207:
2306:
70:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
2937:
2923:
2535:
2533:
2695:
2559:
2527:or anywhere before one in the same word.
3758:Other English pronunciation respellings
2530:
2294:Category:Pages with Lebanese Arabic IPA
14:
3797:
2640:/, as well as when anywhere before an
2246:(more complete); a monospaced font is
2918:
3805:International Phonetic Alphabet help
2571:
2434:following /iːr/, in which case use /
2352:
2350:
2348:
25:
2893:
2883:
2864:
2854:
2844:
2842:Only appears in monosyllables like
2829:
2819:
2805:
2795:
2786:
2776:
2774:Only appears in monosyllables like
2603:
2596:
2590:
2470:
2458:
2456:
2360:
2324:
2222:
2202:
2193:
2183:
2144:
2123:
2078:
2048:
2014:
1979:
1806:
1697:
1668:
1543:
1396:
1323:
1197:
1163:
1127:
1090:
1054:
1025:
997:
964:
936:
903:
870:
831:
798:
763:
735:
705:
659:
624:
596:
568:
533:
505:
467:
439:
411:
383:
355:
323:
295:
267:
236:
208:
23:
3753:Knowledge pronunciation respelling
24:
3816:
2904:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2734:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2674:and after . (The pronunciation /
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2635:
2625:
2624:/ . In broad transcription, use /
2619:
2551:
2545:
2540:
2518:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2477:
2463:
2441:
2435:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2385:
2345:
2136:
2062:
2032:
1997:
1963:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1840:
1833:
1828:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1763:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1709:
1680:
1651:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1594:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1518:
1485:
1478:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1408:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1335:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1264:
1179:
1147:
1107:
1066:
1045:
1037:
1009:
981:
948:
920:
886:
843:
814:
779:
747:
717:
671:
640:
608:
580:
549:
517:
479:
451:
423:
395:
367:
335:
307:
279:
248:
220:
192:
147:
141:
138:narrow versus broad transcription
2568:to nearby consonants and vowels.
2517:Broad transcription should use /
2511:
2453:
2342:, where they represent , , and .
64:. For the distinction between ,
29:
2946:International Phonetic Alphabet
2871:
2836:
2768:
2630:/ when directly adjacent to an
2476:continues to be pronounced as /
114:International Phonetic Alphabet
3784:Manual of Style: Pronunciation
13:
1:
2496:/. Therefore, transcribe as /
2686:/ is a regional variant of /
7:
3743:IPA conventions for English
1957:Distinct word-final vowels
897:voiced pharyngeal fricative
10:
3821:
2899:in the Arabic script, but
77:
3766:
3735:
2953:
2582:cluster of two consonants
2199:
2181:
2163:
2150:
2129:
2113:
2098:
2060:
2030:
1995:
1961:
1956:
1945:
1881:
1817:
1751:
1679:
1650:
1550:
1541:
1517:
1505:
1465:
1386:
1313:
1256:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1101:
975:
914:
166:
2580:sometimes to break up a
2372:, indicating that it is
2289:Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic
2279:Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic
2609:(The pronunciation of
2382:possessed by something
2340:Modern Standard Arabic
2284:Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic
1102:Non-native consonants
2200:The definite article
1238:Arabic letter/symbol
3779:For English speakers
3023:Australian languages
2370:at the end of a word
976:Marginal consonants
3767:Introductory guides
2488:/qur.ʔaːn/ "Qur'an"
1490:, all of the above
2672:emphatic consonant
2642:emphatic consonant
2632:emphatic consonant
2525:emphatic consonant
2448:emphatic consonant
2392:emphatic consonant
2216:, namely any of .
3792:
3791:
2813:/ "my book", the
2586:end of a syllable
2230:
2229:
2214:coronal consonant
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2094:
2093:
1823:
1583:American English
1212:
1211:
1073:close to English
1050:/, no equivalent
678:Scottish English
106:
105:
39:pronunciation key
3812:
3748:English dialects
3432:Mauritian Creole
3185:Franco-Provençal
3155:Emilian-Romagnol
2939:
2932:
2925:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2833:/libneːne, -ni/.
2832:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2808:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2738:
2731:closed syllables
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2706:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2623:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2544:
2537:
2528:
2522:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2389:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2321:
2262:
2256:
2225:
2224:
2207:
2206:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2161:
2160:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2126:
2125:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2087:
2066:
2054:
2053:
2036:
2024:
2023:
2001:
1989:
1988:
1967:
1950:
1949:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1909:
1902:
1897:
1886:
1885:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1832:
1821:
1811:
1810:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1756:
1755:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1713:
1702:
1701:
1684:
1673:
1672:
1655:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1572:
1566:
1559:
1548:
1547:
1522:
1508:
1507:
1489:
1482:
1468:
1467:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1412:
1401:
1400:
1389:
1388:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1339:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1220:
1219:
1206:
1205:
1183:
1172:
1171:
1151:
1140:
1139:
1111:
1095:
1094:
1070:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1041:
1030:
1029:
1013:
1002:
1001:
985:
969:
968:
952:
941:
940:
924:
908:
907:
899:or approximant)
890:
879:
878:
847:
836:
835:
818:
807:
806:
794:, no equivalent
793:
783:
772:
771:
751:
740:
739:
721:
710:
709:
675:
664:
663:
655:, no equivalent
654:
644:
633:
632:
612:
601:
600:
584:
573:
572:
564:, no equivalent
563:
553:
542:
541:
521:
510:
509:
483:
472:
471:
455:
444:
443:
427:
416:
415:
399:
388:
387:
371:
360:
359:
339:
328:
327:
311:
300:
299:
283:
272:
271:
263:, no equivalent
262:
252:
241:
240:
224:
213:
212:
196:
164:
163:
160:
159:
151:
145:
97:
90:
67:
33:
32:
26:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3762:
3731:
3552:Scottish Gaelic
2981:Modern Standard
2949:
2943:
2913:
2876:
2872:
2841:
2837:
2773:
2769:
2707:
2696:
2608:
2604:
2576:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2538:
2531:
2516:
2512:
2461:
2454:
2390:/ following an
2357:
2355:
2346:
2322:
2307:
2303:
2274:Help:IPA/Arabic
2260:
2254:
2235:
2226:("the beauty")
2212:to a following
2197:("the Indian")
2164:Specific cases
2100:Suprasegmentals
158:
123:Lebanese Arabic
109:
102:
101:
100:
93:
86:
82:
73:
58:
30:
22:
21:
20:
12:
11:
5:
3818:
3808:
3807:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3557:Serbo-Croatian
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3240:Haitian Creole
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2919:
2912:
2911:
2870:
2835:
2767:
2694:
2602:
2570:
2558:
2529:
2510:
2484:Lebanese Druze
2452:
2344:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2251:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2198:
2190:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2171:letter/symbol
2170:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2075:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2045:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1976:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1926:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1878:
1861:
1838:
1825:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1786:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1732:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1624:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1582:
1573:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1502:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1462:
1432:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1383:
1359:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1310:
1294:
1269:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1246:Primary vowel
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:approximation
1234:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1194:
1184:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1160:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1124:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1087:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1003:
994:
986:
978:
977:
973:
972:
970:
961:
953:
945:
944:
942:
933:
925:
917:
916:
912:
911:
909:
900:
894:
891:
883:
882:
880:
867:
861:
848:
840:
839:
837:
828:
819:
811:
810:
808:
795:
784:
776:
775:
773:
760:
752:
744:
743:
741:
732:
722:
714:
713:
711:
702:
694:
686:
676:
668:
667:
665:
656:
645:
637:
636:
634:
621:
613:
605:
604:
602:
593:
585:
577:
576:
574:
565:
554:
546:
545:
543:
530:
522:
514:
513:
511:
502:
484:
476:
475:
473:
464:
456:
448:
447:
445:
436:
428:
420:
419:
417:
408:
400:
392:
391:
389:
380:
372:
364:
363:
361:
352:
340:
332:
331:
329:
320:
312:
304:
303:
301:
292:
284:
276:
275:
273:
264:
253:
245:
244:
242:
233:
225:
217:
216:
214:
205:
197:
189:
188:
185:
184:letter/symbol
183:
180:
179:approximation
178:
175:
171:
170:
157:
154:
107:
104:
103:
99:
98:
91:
83:
78:
76:
74:
59:
47:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3817:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:Northern Thai
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3382:Luxembourgish
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2940:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2880:
2874:
2861:
2851:
2839:
2826:
2817:suffix as in
2816:
2812:
2802:
2790:
2783:
2771:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2606:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2554:
2548:
2543:
2536:
2534:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2457:
2449:
2444:
2440:/. Also use /
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2341:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1822:(vowel+glide)
1820:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
991:
987:
984:
980:
979:
974:
971:
967:
962:
960:
958:
954:
951:
947:
946:
943:
939:
934:
932:
930:
926:
923:
919:
918:
913:
910:
906:
901:
898:
893:no equivalent
892:
889:
885:
884:
881:
877:
873:
868:
865:
860:
858:
854:
849:
846:
842:
841:
838:
834:
829:
827:
825:
820:
817:
813:
812:
809:
805:
801:
796:
791:
785:
782:
778:
777:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
757:
753:
750:
746:
745:
742:
738:
733:
731:
729:
723:
720:
716:
715:
712:
708:
703:
701:
700:
693:
691:
685:
683:
677:
674:
670:
669:
666:
662:
657:
652:
646:
643:
639:
638:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
618:
614:
611:
607:
606:
603:
599:
594:
592:
590:
586:
583:
579:
578:
575:
571:
566:
561:
555:
552:
548:
547:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
527:
523:
520:
516:
515:
512:
508:
503:
501:
499:
493:
491:
485:
482:
478:
477:
474:
470:
465:
463:
461:
457:
454:
450:
449:
446:
442:
437:
435:
433:
429:
426:
422:
421:
418:
414:
409:
407:
405:
401:
398:
394:
393:
390:
386:
381:
379:
377:
373:
370:
366:
365:
362:
358:
353:
351:
350:
344:
341:
338:
334:
333:
330:
326:
321:
319:
317:
313:
310:
306:
305:
302:
298:
293:
291:
289:
285:
282:
278:
277:
274:
270:
265:
260:
254:
251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
234:
232:
230:
226:
223:
219:
218:
215:
211:
206:
204:
202:
198:
195:
191:
190:
186:
181:
176:
173:
172:
169:
165:
162:
161:
153:
150:
144:
139:
133:
131:
126:
124:
120:
116:
115:
96:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
75:
71:
63:
56:
52:
49:establishing
46:
44:
40:
35:
28:
27:
19:
3702:West Frisian
3170:Extremaduran
2995:
2900:
2888:
2873:
2859:
2849:
2838:
2824:
2810:
2800:
2781:
2770:
2612:
2605:
2573:
2561:
2513:
2508:/ otherwise.
2431:
2248:Everson Mono
2177:Explanation
2114:Explanation
2071:
2069:
2041:
2039:
2007:
2005:
1972:
1970:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1689:
1687:
1660:
1658:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1575:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1498:
1494:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1258:Monophthongs
1190:
1186:
1155:
1154:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1017:
1016:
989:
988:
956:
955:
928:
927:
864:glottal stop
856:
852:
850:
823:
821:
755:
754:
727:
725:
698:
696:
689:
688:
681:
679:
616:
615:
588:
587:
525:
524:
497:
495:
489:
487:
459:
458:
431:
430:
403:
402:
375:
374:
346:
342:
315:
314:
287:
286:
228:
227:
200:
199:
134:
127:
118:
112:
110:
88:H:IPA-APC-LB
68:and ⟨⟩, see
37:This is the
36:
3736:Comparisons
3502:Piedmontese
3427:Marshallese
3230:Greenlandic
3148:Old English
3028:Azerbaijani
2868:/ʔiʒu, -o/.
2566:Assimilates
2462:Original */
2394:or any of /
2356:The letter
2210:assimilates
915:Semivowels
130:links below
3687:Vietnamese
3512:Portuguese
3462:Neapolitan
3387:Macedonian
3372:Lithuanian
3280:Indonesian
3038:Belarusian
2600:/bar(ə)d/.
2244:Charis SIL
1819:Diphthongs
1734:Drawn-out
1525:Drawn-out
1251:allophones
1249:Variants,
1044:emphatic /
349:pharyngeal
168:Consonants
3667:Ukrainian
3547:Sardinian
3477:Norwegian
3447:Mirandese
3442:Mongolian
3402:Malayalam
3285:Inuktitut
3270:Icelandic
3265:Hungarian
3218:Colognian
3213:Alemannic
3160:Esperanto
3091:Cantonese
3058:Bulgarian
2963:Afrikaans
2881:pronoun:
2482:/ by the
2263:template.
2174:Examples
2127:("kiwi")
2111:Examples
1928:Close to
1863:Close to
1533:Scottish
855:oh, Hawai
786:emphatic
647:emphatic
556:emphatic
255:emphatic
80:Shortcuts
55:talk page
51:consensus
3799:Category
3682:Venetian
3652:Tigrinya
3567:Sicilian
3542:Sanskrit
3527:Romanian
3392:Malagasy
3367:Ligurian
3317:Japanese
3245:Hawaiian
3235:Gujarati
3208:Standard
3200:Georgian
3195:Galician
3165:Estonian
3118:Corsican
3086:Mandarin
3082:Chinese
3071:Standard
3067:Catalan
3018:Asturian
3013:Assamese
3008:Armenian
3001:Tunisian
2996:Lebanese
2986:Egyptian
2968:Albanian
2879:enclitic
2830:لِبنانِي
2823:/libneːn
2820:لِبنانِي
2578:Inserted
2378:feminine
2374:singular
2368:appears
2233:See also
2189:("the")
2148:("bag")
1788:Spanish
724:Spanish
687:Spanish
486:Spanish
62:Help:IPA
18:Help:IPA
3774:Symbols
3712:Yiddish
3692:Walloon
3662:Turkmen
3657:Turkish
3647:Tibetan
3617:Tai Lue
3612:Tagalog
3607:Sylheti
3602:Swedish
3592:Swahili
3587:Spanish
3582:Sorbian
3577:Slovene
3537:Russian
3532:Romansh
3522:Quechua
3517:Punjabi
3497:Persian
3482:Occitan
3452:Nahuatl
3422:Marathi
3407:Maltese
3377:Lombard
3362:Latvian
3337:Kurdish
3310:Central
3305:Italian
3290:Inupiaq
3204:German
3180:Finnish
3143:English
3096:Hokkien
3076:Insular
3063:Burmese
3043:Bengali
2977:Arabic
2973:Amharic
2884:كتَابُو
2806:كتَابِي
2584:at the
2240:Gentium
2004:French
1368:French
1233:English
695:German
177:English
95:H:IPALA
53:on the
3722:Zhuang
3717:Yoruba
3637:Telugu
3572:Slovak
3507:Polish
3492:Pashto
3467:Nepali
3457:Navajo
3347:Lakota
3342:Kyrgyz
3332:Korean
3322:Kazakh
3250:Hebrew
3190:French
3175:Fijian
3128:Danish
3053:Breton
3048:Berber
3033:Basque
2991:Hejazi
2958:Adyghe
2901:do not
2887:/kteːb
2865:إِجُوا
2855:إِجُوا
2809:/kteːb
2611:"long
2432:except
2194:الهندي
2169:Arabic
2049:ـوا ,ـ
1497:n, lov
1470:dammah
1391:kasrah
1318:fathah
1241:Notes
1224:Vowels
187:Notes
182:Arabic
57:first.
3707:Xhosa
3697:Welsh
3677:Uzbek
3632:Tatar
3627:Tamil
3622:Tajik
3597:Swazi
3437:Mayan
3417:Māori
3397:Malay
3357:Latin
3327:Khmer
3295:Irish
3260:Hmong
3255:Hindi
3225:Greek
3138:Dutch
3123:Czech
3111:Xiang
2815:nisba
2796:تَعِي
2301:Notes
2223:الزين
2040:haird
1510:sukun
1435:haird
290:ather
16:<
3727:Zulu
3672:Urdu
3642:Thai
3562:Shan
3487:Odia
3412:Manx
3300:Isan
3275:Igbo
3133:Dari
2948:keys
2858:/ʔiʒ
2850:u(ː)
2799:/taʕ
2782:i(ː)
2634:or /
2376:and
2296:(62)
2242:and
2124:كيوي
2070:carg
2019:) ,ـ
1984:) ,ـ
1971:happ
1659:mach
1638:yer,
1501:ble
1493:butt
1466:ــُـ
1442:carg
1387:ــِـ
1362:happ
1314:ــَـ
1230:IPA
1085:lass
1078:ondo
692:ota;
347:but
345:ad,
174:IPA
41:for
3352:Lao
3101:Jin
2845:شُو
2777:شِي
2692:/).
2597:برد
2591:برد
2430:/,
2258:IPA
2145:كيس
2119:ˈa
2107:IPA
2006:caf
1947:ـَو
1883:ـَي
1867:igh
1506:ـْـ
1370:caf
1158:ack
726:fue
619:ick
406:eaf
231:ash
156:Key
119:IPA
66:/ /
43:IPA
3801::
3106:Wu
2909:/.
2848:/ʃ
2780:/ʃ
2741:oː
2736:eː
2697:^
2689:ɑː
2683:ɔː
2677:ɒː
2627:aː
2621:eː
2532:^
2468:/
2455:^
2347:^
2308:^
2261:}}
2255:{{
2204:ال
2185:ال
2083:,ـ
2015:(ـ
1980:(ـ
1938:oa
1933:t;
1931:ou
1915:,
1876:ce
1869:t;
1850:,
1799:oa
1775:,
1772:oː
1765:oː
1745:ay
1738:eh
1721:,
1718:eː
1711:eː
1692:le
1682:uː
1663:ne
1653:iː
1643:ow
1636:aw
1627:br
1621:ɔː
1615:ɒː
1612:,
1609:ʌː
1603:ɑː
1596:ɑː
1587:ah
1585:br
1580:d;
1570:aː
1567:,
1564:æː
1557:aː
1537:ay
1529:eh
1520:eː
1458:oo
1453:t,
1420:,
1347:,
1308:lm
1301:d;
1282:,
1276:,
1193:e
1189:al
1122:le
1120:gg
1080:,
1039:ðˤ
1018:th
992:in
990:th
931:es
866:)
851:uh
826:on
824:si
822:vi
781:zˤ
758:oo
699:ch
697:Ba
682:ch
680:lo
642:tˤ
589:sh
551:sˤ
528:ee
498:rr
496:pe
494:,
488:pe
378:in
250:dˤ
203:ee
132:.
2938:e
2931:t
2924:v
2906:u
2895:و
2889:o
2860:u
2825:i
2811:i
2801:i
2789:ي
2787:ـ
2762:w
2757:o
2752:j
2747:e
2726:w
2721:a
2716:j
2711:a
2680:~
2667:ʔ
2662:ʕ
2657:ħ
2652:ɣ
2647:x
2637:r
2618:/
2615:"
2613:a
2553:i
2547:u
2542:i
2520:a
2505:ʔ
2499:q
2493:ʔ
2479:q
2472:ق
2465:q
2450:.
2443:e
2437:e
2427:r
2422:ɣ
2417:x
2412:ʕ
2407:ħ
2402:h
2397:ʔ
2387:a
2366:⟩
2362:ة
2358:⟨
2334:ث
2332:,
2330:ذ
2328:,
2326:ظ
2270:.
2138:ː
2135:a
2085:و
2081:ه
2079:ـ
2072:o
2064:o
2061:-
2051:و
2042:o
2034:u
2031:-
2021:ة
2017:ي
2008:é
1999:e
1996:-
1986:ي
1982:ة
1973:y
1965:i
1962:-
1940:t
1936:g
1923:w
1918:o
1912:w
1907:a
1900:w
1895:a
1874:a
1872:f
1865:l
1858:j
1853:e
1847:j
1842:a
1835:j
1830:a
1808:و
1801:t
1797:b
1794:;
1792:o
1790:n
1783:w
1778:o
1753:ي
1743:m
1740:;
1736:m
1729:j
1724:e
1699:و
1690:u
1688:r
1670:ي
1661:i
1645:l
1641:b
1634:l
1631:;
1629:a
1618:~
1606:~
1578:a
1576:b
1545:ا
1535:m
1531:,
1527:m
1499:a
1495:o
1487:ə
1480:ə
1460:t
1456:f
1451:u
1449:p
1446:;
1444:o
1439:;
1437:o
1429:ʊ
1426:~
1423:o
1417:u
1410:u
1398:ة
1393:,
1381:t
1379:i
1377:k
1374:;
1372:é
1366:;
1364:y
1356:ɪ
1353:~
1350:e
1344:i
1337:i
1325:ة
1320:,
1306:a
1304:p
1299:a
1297:b
1291:ʌ
1288:~
1285:ɑ
1279:æ
1273:a
1266:a
1203:ڤ
1201:,
1199:ف
1191:v
1187:v
1181:v
1169:پ
1167:,
1165:ب
1156:p
1149:p
1137:غ
1135:,
1133:ج
1131:,
1129:ك
1118:a
1116:g
1109:g
1092:ق
1083:c
1076:c
1068:q
1056:ظ
1047:ð
1027:ذ
1020:e
1011:ð
999:ث
983:θ
966:و
959:e
957:w
950:w
938:ي
929:y
922:j
905:ع
895:(
888:ʕ
876:ء
874:,
872:ق
862:(
859:i
857:'
853:-
845:ʔ
833:ج
816:ʒ
804:ظ
802:,
800:ص
792:/
790:z
788:/
769:ز
767:,
765:ذ
756:z
749:z
737:غ
730:o
728:g
719:ɣ
707:خ
690:j
684:;
673:x
661:ط
653:/
651:t
649:/
630:ت
628:,
626:ة
617:t
610:t
598:ش
591:e
582:ʃ
570:ص
562:/
560:s
558:/
539:س
537:,
535:ث
526:s
519:s
507:ر
500:o
492:o
490:r
481:r
469:ن
462:o
460:n
453:n
441:م
434:e
432:m
425:m
413:ل
404:l
397:l
385:ك
376:k
369:k
357:ح
343:h
337:ħ
325:ه
318:e
316:h
309:h
297:ف
288:f
281:f
269:ض
261:/
259:d
257:/
238:د
229:d
222:d
210:ب
201:b
194:b
149:ʌ
146:~
143:ɑ
117:(
72:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.