187:
820:
832:
808:
42:
342:
After the rebellion in the city, Cisneros continued to push his aggressive efforts to convert
Muslims in the countryside. A second rebellion ensued and royal forces were again required to put down the rebels. Isabel decided that a peaceful solution was not possible and in February 1502, she issued an
338:
Meanwhile the influence of
Cisneros continued to grow and when he was appointed Archbishop of Toledo, he became the senior-ranking member of the Catholic hierarchy in Spain. When he came to Grenada in 1499, Cisneros brought with him a much more aggressive approach to conversion. Overriding Talavera's
355:
and accused of establishing a synagogue in his palace where he conducted Jewish ceremonies with family and other clerics. In the eyes of Lucero, however, his real crime was likely his long-time opposition to the
Inquisition. His relatives and household servants were arrested but Talavera himself was
334:
Talavera's preferred approach was the peaceful conversion of the population to
Christianity, explaining to them in their own language the nature of the Christian religion and its superiority over Islam. He promoted the study of the Arabic language, a language he learned himself and encouraged his
274:
and in
January, 1476, he presented her with a treatise, "How all loyal Christians should renew their spirits during Advent." More than just an Advent sermon, it was both an inspirational spiritual tract and a politically astute guide that had a lifelong influence on queen's approach to her reign.
297:
approached the
Spanish Crown to propose his voyage of discovery, Talavera was likely one of his first contacts at court. He facilitated an introduction between Columbus and Isabel around 1486 and was instructed by the queen to establish a commission to investigate the feasibility of the Columbus
194:
Talavera also served on the royal council and was relied upon to undertake important assignments for the Crown. In 1479 he was sent to
Portugal to ensure that Isabelâs rival, Juana of Castile, entered a convent as previously agreed. In 1486, Talavera facilitated an introduction between
202:
After the conquest of
Granada in 1492, Talavera was appointed the first Archbishop of Granada, a position he held until 1500. He was known for his efforts to convert Muslims to Christianity through education and persuasion rather than force. He was also a long-time opponent of the
339:
objections, his actions incited a revolt which threatened
Cisneros' life and was only quashed by the timely intervention of royal forces. To avoid further bloodshed, Talavera promised amnesty to any rebels who converted to Christianity and some 50,000 took advantage of his offer.
298:
proposal. The commission seems to have met only intermittently and it was not until 1490 that the board recommended against the plan. Later, in 1492, Fernando and Isabel overrode the board's decision and decided to sponsor
Columbus.
729:
Iannuzzi, I. âLa biografĂa del reformista fray Wyn Hernando en tiempos de Carlos Vâ. En: Carlos V europeĂsmo y universalidad: / coord. por Francisco SĂĄnchez-Montes GonzĂĄlez, Juan Luis Castellano Castellano, v. 5, 2001,
723:
Fradejas Lebrero, J. âBibliografĂa crĂtica de fray Hernando de Talaveraâ. En: Pensamiento medieval Hispano: homenaje a Horacio Santiago-Otero / coord. por Jose MarĂa Soto RĂĄbanos, v. 2, 1998, pp. 1347â1358.
239:
at the age of fifteen and received a Bachelor of Arts three years later. He continued with his studies in theology and law and eventually took a position at the university teaching moral philosophy.
726:
Herrero del Collado, T. âEl proceso inquisitorial por delito de herejĂa contra Hernando de Talaveraâ. En: Anuario de historia del derecho español, nĂșm. 39, 1969, pp. 671â706
311:
communities. His experience in dealing with these religious minorities would later influence his approach to the Muslim population in Granada when he became archbishop there.
278:
Talavera also served on the royal council and was relied upon to undertake important assignments for the Crown. In 1479 he was sent to Portugal to ensure that Isabel's rival,
720:
FernĂĄndez de Madrid, A ; MartĂnez Medina, Fco J. ; Olmedo, FĂ©lix G. "Vida de Fray Fernando de Talavera: primer Arzobispo de Granada". : Universidad de Granada, 1992
282:, entered a convent as previously agreed. He also headed a commission to look at royal prerogatives in the Canary Islands. At Isabel's request, Talavera mentored a young
872:
351:
Talavera had been opposed to the Spanish Inquisition for many years. After the death of his protector Queen Isabel in 1504, he was denounced by the notorious Inquisitor
335:
clergy to do likewise. The Granadines respected Talavera and were grateful for his adherence to the terms of the peace agreement but his approach yielded few converts.
877:
323:
in 1492, the rights of the Muslim majority to practice their religion was guaranteed in the terms of surrender set forth by Spain. In 1493, Talavera was appointed
887:
327:, a challenging assignment that demonstrated the Crown's trust in his abilities. However, it also marked a turning point in his influence at court when
897:
892:
199:
and Isabel, after which the queen instructed Talavera to establish a commission to consider the feasibility of the Columbus proposal.
247:
882:
778:
186:
180:
75:
513:
242:
He left the university in 1460 and became an ordained priest. In 1466 he joined the Hieronymite order at the monastery,
862:
262:
In the early 1470s, his religious writings and reform efforts brought him to the attention of the newly-crowned queen,
753:
111:
639:
610:
583:
564:
763:
902:
328:
101:
867:
356:
untouched until King Philip authorized his arrest in July 1506. The papal nuncio Giovanni Ruffo appealed to Pope
666:
360:
who cleared Talavera of all charges and ordered him released. Talavera died a short time later on 14 May 1507.
243:
54:
907:
352:
283:
270:, a key supporter of Isabel, may have introduced Talavera to the court. By 1475, Talavera became Isabel's
267:
208:
678:"A Church United in Itself: Hernando de Talavera and the Religious Culture of Fifteenth-Century Castile"
798:
788:
601:
McKay, Angus (2003). "Talavera, Hernando, De Archbishop of Granada". In Gerli, E. Michael (ed.).
236:
50:
324:
857:
852:
343:
edict requiring all adult Muslims in Castile to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.
294:
224:
196:
130:
709:
8:
263:
204:
824:
746:
553:
302:
41:
689:
662:
645:
635:
616:
606:
589:
579:
560:
539:
179:, was appointed the queen's confessor and with her support and patronage, became the
168:
812:
279:
207:, a position that ultimately led to his denouncement and arrest by the Inquisitor
737:
65:
232:
211:. Talavera was ultimately cleared of these charges by the intervention of Pope
23:
846:
693:
543:
528:"Hernando de Talavera on Conduct: Cultural Hegemony in Post-Conquest Granada"
167:(c. 1430 – 14 May 1507) was a Spanish clergyman and councilor to Queen
620:
593:
227:. His ancestry is obscure. He may have been illegitimate, his mother from a
836:
649:
512:
Iannuzzi, Isabella (2014). "Hernando de Talavera". In Thomas, David (ed.).
176:
163:
190:
A plaque to Hernando de Talavera, San Jeronimo monastery, Granada, Spain.
677:
629:
527:
251:
307:
357:
271:
231:
family and his father part of the Alvarez de Toledo family, lords of
212:
819:
287:
320:
144:
305:
in 1486. The population in Ăvila included prominent Jewish and
235:(they later financed part of his education). He entered the
172:
627:
515:
Christian-Muslim Relations: A Biographical History Vol. 6
578:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 121â126.
634:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 666â671.
254:, where he developed extensive reforms for the order.
796:
16:
Spanish clergyman and royal councilor (c. 1430â1507)
657:Phillips, William D.; Phillips, Carla Rahn (1992).
873:15th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Castile
552:
878:16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Spain
844:
656:
331:was named to replace him as Isabel's confessor.
573:
555:The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision
290:minister of Spain's emerging colonial empire.
888:Academic staff of the University of Salamanca
40:
605:. New York: Routledge. pp. 770â771.
675:
525:
521:. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 60â66.
511:
314:
246:. In 1470 he was appointed prior of the
185:
845:
603:Medieval Iberia : an encyclopedia
600:
550:
248:Monastery of Nuestra Señora del Prado
707:
13:
659:The Worlds of Christopher Columbus
500:
257:
14:
919:
898:16th-century venerated Christians
893:15th-century venerated Christians
223:Talavera was born around 1430 in
830:
818:
806:
55:Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla
628:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (1975).
487:
478:
469:
460:
451:
883:University of Salamanca alumni
764:Francisco SĂĄnchez de la Fuente
442:
433:
424:
415:
406:
397:
388:
379:
370:
346:
301:Talavera was appointed to the
286:who later became the powerful
244:San Leonardo de Alba de Tormes
1:
363:
329:Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros
102:Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros
714:Real Academia de la Historia
218:
7:
631:A History of Medieval Spain
171:. He began his career as a
10:
924:
682:Catholic Historical Review
676:Salomons, Carolyn (2017).
661:. Cambridge. p. 122.
526:Johnston, Mark D. (2015).
863:Clergy from Toledo, Spain
789:Antonio de Rojas Manrique
785:
776:
770:
760:
751:
743:
736:
559:. Yale University Press.
353:Diego RodrĂguez de Lucero
284:Juan RodrĂguez de Fonseca
268:Pedro GonzĂĄlez de Mendoza
209:Diego RodrĂguez de Lucero
151:
138:
123:
118:
107:
97:
89:
81:
71:
61:
47:Fray Hernando de Talavera
39:
34:
21:
708:Vaquero, QuintĂn Aldea.
903:Spanish Servants of God
574:Liss, Peggy K. (1992).
237:University of Salamanca
868:Archbishops of Granada
738:Catholic Church titles
710:"Hernando de Talavera"
319:After the conquest of
191:
162:Hernando de Talavera,
76:Archdiocese of Granada
779:Archbishop of Granada
551:Kamen, Henry (2014).
412:Liss 1992 pp. 121-123
325:Archbishop of Granada
315:Archbishop of Granada
189:
181:Archbishop of Granada
177:Order of Saint Jerome
35:Archbishop of Granada
421:Phillips 1992 p. 122
295:Christopher Columbus
225:Talavera de la Reina
197:Christopher Columbus
142:14 May 1507 (age 79)
131:Talavera de la Reina
29:Hernando de Talavera
908:Hieronymite bishops
264:Isabel I of Castile
205:Spanish Inquisition
51:Juan de Valdés Leal
747:Alfonso de Fonseca
303:bishopric of Ăvila
192:
795:
794:
786:Succeeded by
761:Succeeded by
169:Isabel of Castile
159:
158:
93:Newly established
915:
835:
834:
833:
823:
822:
811:
810:
809:
802:
771:Preceded by
744:Preceded by
734:
733:
730:pp. 315â328
717:
697:
672:
653:
624:
597:
576:Isabel the Queen
570:
558:
547:
522:
520:
494:
491:
485:
484:O'Callaghan 1975
482:
476:
473:
467:
466:O'Callaghan 1975
464:
458:
455:
449:
446:
440:
437:
431:
428:
422:
419:
413:
410:
404:
401:
395:
392:
386:
383:
377:
374:
280:Juana of Castile
119:Personal details
108:Previous post(s)
44:
19:
18:
923:
922:
918:
917:
916:
914:
913:
912:
843:
842:
841:
831:
829:
817:
807:
805:
797:
791:
782:
774:
766:
757:
754:Bishop of Ăvila
749:
669:
642:
613:
586:
567:
518:
503:
501:Further reading
498:
497:
492:
488:
483:
479:
474:
470:
465:
461:
456:
452:
447:
443:
438:
434:
429:
425:
420:
416:
411:
407:
402:
398:
393:
389:
384:
380:
375:
371:
366:
349:
317:
260:
258:Royal councilor
221:
143:
134:
128:
112:Bishop of Ăvila
66:Catholic Church
57:
30:
27:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
921:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
840:
839:
827:
815:
793:
792:
787:
784:
775:
773:no predecessor
772:
768:
767:
762:
759:
750:
745:
741:
740:
732:
731:
727:
724:
721:
718:
699:
698:
688:(4): 639â662.
673:
667:
654:
640:
625:
611:
598:
584:
571:
565:
548:
523:
502:
499:
496:
495:
486:
477:
468:
459:
450:
441:
432:
423:
414:
405:
396:
387:
378:
368:
367:
365:
362:
348:
345:
316:
313:
293:In 1485, when
259:
256:
220:
217:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
140:
136:
135:
129:
125:
121:
120:
116:
115:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
49:(1656-57), by
45:
37:
36:
32:
31:
28:
24:Servant of God
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
920:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
848:
838:
828:
826:
821:
816:
814:
804:
803:
800:
790:
781:
780:
769:
765:
756:
755:
748:
742:
739:
735:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:(in Spanish).
715:
711:
706:
705:
704:
703:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
670:
664:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
641:0-8014-0880-6
637:
633:
632:
626:
622:
618:
614:
612:0-415-93918-6
608:
604:
599:
595:
591:
587:
585:0-19-507356-8
581:
577:
572:
568:
566:9780300180510
562:
557:
556:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
517:
516:
510:
509:
508:
507:
493:Salomons 2017
490:
481:
472:
463:
454:
448:Iannuzzi 2014
445:
436:
427:
418:
409:
403:Iannuzzi 2014
400:
394:Salomons 2017
391:
385:Salomons 2017
382:
376:Iannuzzi 2014
373:
369:
361:
359:
354:
344:
340:
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
312:
310:
309:
304:
299:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
276:
273:
269:
265:
255:
253:
249:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
216:
214:
210:
206:
200:
198:
188:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:
154:
150:
146:
141:
137:
132:
126:
122:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
25:
20:
777:
752:
713:
701:
700:
685:
681:
658:
630:
602:
575:
554:
538:(3): 11â22.
535:
531:
514:
505:
504:
489:
480:
471:
462:
453:
444:
435:
426:
417:
408:
399:
390:
381:
372:
350:
341:
337:
333:
318:
306:
300:
292:
277:
261:
241:
228:
222:
201:
193:
161:
160:
46:
858:1507 deaths
853:1428 births
825:Catholicism
532:Confluencia
347:Inquisition
266:. Cardinal
152:Nationality
114:(1485â1492)
90:Predecessor
72:Archdiocese
847:Categories
783:1493â1507
758:1485â1493
668:0521350972
457:McKay 2003
364:References
252:Valladolid
813:Biography
694:0008-8080
544:0888-6091
475:Liss 1992
439:Liss 1992
430:Liss 1992
358:Julius II
272:confessor
219:Biography
213:Julius II
98:Successor
85:1492â1500
82:In office
621:50404104
594:25048514
288:de facto
229:converso
799:Portals
702:Spanish
650:1272494
506:English
321:Granada
308:mudéjar
233:Oropesa
175:of the
155:Spanish
147:, Spain
145:Granada
133:, Spain
692:
665:
648:
638:
619:
609:
592:
582:
563:
542:
164:O.S.H.
62:Church
837:Spain
519:(PDF)
690:ISSN
663:ISBN
646:OCLC
636:ISBN
617:OCLC
607:ISBN
590:OCLC
580:ISBN
561:ISBN
540:ISSN
173:monk
139:Died
127:1428
124:Born
686:103
250:in
849::
712:.
684:.
680:.
644:.
615:.
588:.
536:30
534:.
530:.
215:.
183:.
53:,
801::
696:.
671:.
652:.
623:.
596:.
569:.
546:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.JPG)
