278:. Another claim, published in Jazz Profiles Blogspot on 8 August 2008, to the invention of the hi-hat is attributed to drummer William "O'Neil" Spencer (b.1909-d.1944). Legendary Jazz drummer "Philly Joe Jones" (born as Joseph Rudolph Jones, b.1923-d.1985) was quoted describing his understanding about the hi-hat history. Jones said, "I really dug O'Neil. He came to club in Philadelphia where I was working in 1943, I think it was, and talked to me about the hi-hat. I was using a foot cymbal, the low-hat. O'Neil was the one who invented the hi-hat. I believe that, man. He suggested I close the hat on '2' and '4' when playing 4/4 time. The idea seemed so right hadn't heard anyone do that before." The editor of the 2008 Jazz Profiles article made specific mention to others who are thought to invent the hi-hat, including Jo Jones, but also Kaiser Marshall. Not to take away from Papa Jones accomplishments in drumming style and technique, a 2013 Modern Drummer article credits Papa Jones with being the first to use brushes on drums and shifting time keeping from the bass drum to the hi-hat (providing a "swing-pulse focus").
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316:'s Fusion Hats with holes in the bottom cymbal, and the Sabian X-cellerator, Zildjian Master Sound and Zildjian Quick Beats, Paiste Sound Edge, and Meinl Soundwave. Some drummers even use completely mismatched hi-hats from different cymbal ranges (Zildjian's K/Z hats), of different manufacturers, and even of different sizes (similar to the K Custom Session Hats where the top hat is a
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189:. Hi-hats consist of a matching pair of small to medium-sized cymbals mounted on a stand, with the two cymbals facing each other. The bottom cymbal is fixed and the top is mounted on a rod which moves the top cymbal toward the bottom one when the pedal is depressed (a hi-hat that is in this position is said to be "closed" or "closed hi-hats").
263:. Then came shoes, which were two hinged boards with cymbals on the ends that were clashed together. Next was the low-sock, low-boy or low-hat, pedal-activated cymbals employing an ankle-high apparatus similar to a modern hi-hat stand. A standard size was 10 inches (25 cm), some with heavy bells up to 5 inches (13 cm) wide.
677:, a rhythm known as "cooking" is often employed. To produce this the cymbals are struck twice in rapid succession, being held closed on the first stroke and allowed to open just before the second, then allowed to ring before being closed with a chick to complete the pattern (the cymbals may or may not be struck on the chick).
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The drop clutch is provided with a lever that can be operated by hand or struck with a drumstick. This action releases the upper hi-hat cymbal, which falls onto the bottom cymbal and remains there, with gravity then holding the hats loosely closed, and allowing them to be played by the sticks in this
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Other recent developments include the X-hat (fixed, closed, or half-open hi-hats) and cable-controlled or remote hi-hats. Sabian introduced the Triple Hi-Hat, designed by Peter
Kuppers. In this variation of the hi-hat, the top cymbal moves down and the bottom cymbal moves up simultaneously while the
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In rock music, the hi-hat is more often than not kept closed. When you do play your hi-hat with your foot, you typically use it to make a "chick" sound on two and four, in unison with your snare drum. Note that you slightly open the hi-hat on one and three, and then snap it closed for a firm chick
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In 2020, Tama introduced the Sizzle Touch Drop Clutch. This clutch when dropped, allows the distance between the top and bottom cymbals to be adjusted via an adjustment bolt on top of the clutch. To return the clutch to functioning as a standard one, the drummer depresses the hi-hat stand's pedal.
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released its revolutionary 12-inch (30 cm) Special
Recording hats, which were small, heavy hi-hat cymbals intended for close miking either live or recording, and other manufacturers quickly followed suit, Sabian for example with their 10-inch (25 cm) mini hats. In the early to mid-1990s,
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The cymbals may be played by closing them together with the pedal, which creates a "chck" sound or striking them with a stick, which may be done with them open, closed, open and then closed after striking to dampen the ring, or closed and then opened to create a shimmering effect at the end of the
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The standard hi-hat features two cymbals mounted on a stand consisting of a mating metal tube and rod supported by a tripod and linked to a pedal. The stationary bottom cymbal sits atop the tube, typically parallel to the ground, but is often fitted with an adjustment screw allowing it to be set
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Modern hi-hat cymbals are much heavier than modern crash cymbals, reflecting the trend to lighter and thinner crash cymbals as well as to heavier hi-hats. Another evolution is that a pair of hi-hat cymbals may not be identical, with the bottom often heavier than the top, and possibly vented. Some
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note. Depending on how hard a hi-hat is struck and whether it is "open" (i.e., pedal not pressed, so the two cymbals are not closed together), a hi-hat can produce a range of dynamics, from very quiet "chck" (or "chick") sounds, done with merely gently pressing the pedal—this is suitable for soft
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It can also be played just by lifting and lowering the foot to clash the cymbals together, a style commonly used to accent beats 2 and 4 in jazz music. In rock music, the hi-hats are commonly struck every beat, or on beats 1 and 3, while the cymbals are held together. The drummer can control the
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As it relies on gravity to close the cymbals, the drop clutch gives the player no control over the tension holding them together, and supplies only minimal tension. On the other hand, if the player manually lowers the top cymbal of a standard hi-hat stand before playing, this allows any desired
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The hi-hat evolved from a "sock cymbal", a pair of similar cymbals mounted at ground level on a hinged, spring-loaded foot apparatus. Drummers invented the first sock cymbals to enable one drummer to play multiple percussion instruments at the same time. Over time these became mounted on short
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You want to bring the two cymbals together quickly and solidly so that they make a "chick" sound. But then you need to hold your foot down briefly. If you bring it up as soon as the cymbals strike each other, instead of a "chick" sound you'll get a crash (referred to as a hit-hat
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A right-handed drummer will normally play the hi-hat pedal with his left foot, and may use one or both drumsticks. The traditional hi-hat rhythms of rock and jazz were produced by crossing the hands over, so the right stick would play the hi-hat while the left played the
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Until the late 1960s, standard hi-hats were 14 inches (36 cm), with 13 inches (33 cm) available as a less-common alternative in professional cymbal ranges, and smaller sizes down to 12 inches (30 cm) restricted to children's kits. In the early 1970s, hard
747:, plays with many unique hi-hat techniques, including opening of the hi-hat on every backbeat for a rhythm emphasis and leaving the hi-hat slightly open when hitting the snare. His trademark hi-hat beat is opening the hi-hat on first and third before hitting the snare.
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When struck closed or played with the pedal, the hi-hat gives a short, crisp, muted percussive sound, referred to as a "chick". Adjusting the gap between the cymbals can alter the sound of the open hi-hat from a shimmering, sustained tone to something similar to a
717:, use both techniques. Some drum kits may also include an extra hi-hat on the right for right-handed players. This is shown when drums or cymbals in the middle of the set are played with the hi-hat rhythm. The technique is common with metal genres, such as
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stands—also known as "low-boys"—and activated by pedals similar to those used in modern hi-hats. When extended upward roughly 3 feet (76 cm) they were originally known as "high sock" cymbals, which evolved over time to the familiar "high-hat" term.
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tension to be set, and the pedal can still be used to increase the tension while playing, but not to open the hats or to reduce the tension. Some drummers prefer this technique and reject the drop clutch as too limiting to the sounds available.
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in the lower cymbal. But by the end of the 1990s, the standard size was again 14 inches (36 cm), with 13 inches (33 cm) a less-common alternative, and smaller hats mainly used for special sounds. Rivets in hi-hats failed to catch on.
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733:. In both rock and jazz, the drummer will often move the same stick pattern between the hi-hat cymbal and the ride cymbal, for example using the hi-hat in the verses and the ride in the chorus of a song, or using the ride to accompany a
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A less common alternative is the locking hi-hat pedal, such as the Tama "Cobra Clutch". This and similar high-end locking pedals do allow for control over the tension. It is engaged by pressing a lock pedal separate from the main pedal.
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used a technique in which he did not play the hi-hat in unison with the snare drum at all. If playing a standard 8th note pattern, he would play the hi-hat on 1 and 3 and not play it on 2 and 4 where the snare drum is played.
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Some hi-hats allow the tripod to be tilted or rotated. Another configuration omits the tripod and attaches the stand to the side of the bass drum, particular suitable for kits with very large or double bass drums.
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An integrated clutch assembly includes a spring which may be adjusted to set resistance, which also varies rate and tension of return, as well as an adjustment for the gap between cymbals when open.
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offered 8-inch (20 cm) mini hi-hats as part of its
Visions series, which were among the world's smallest hi-hats. Starting in the 1980s, a number of manufacturers also experimented with
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is an adapter to allow a pair of hi-hat cymbals to be mounted in a closed position on a cymbal stand. There is no pedal, the hats are simply kept closed at a constant tension, similar to a
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collar partially threaded below the cymbal and a pair of knurled rings above it. The collar is tightened against the end of the thread, while the rings are tightened against each other.
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Besides traditional hi-hat cymbals (normally 14" but also commonly 13" or 15") the enormous variety of cymbals available means many of them are used as hi-hats. Drummer
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Junk Hats. These kinds of percussion offer different textures in addition to the main hi-hat pedal on the drum kit and also options to expand the kit's pedal row.
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normally refers to the entire setup (two cymbals, stand, pedal, rod mechanism), in some cases, drummers use it to refer exclusively to the two cymbals themselves.
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sound by foot pressure. Less pressure allows the cymbals to rub together more freely, giving both greater sustain and greater volume for accent or crescendo. In
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669:. When struck with a drumstick, the cymbals make either a short, snappy sound or a longer sustaining sandy sound depending on the position of the pedal.
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Hi-hats that were raised and could be played by hand as well as foot may have been developed around 1926 by Barney
Walberg of the drum accessory company
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alongside drummer Tony
Verderosa, has developed the 12" VFX distortion hi-hats, mixing a Crash cymbal on the bottom with a China on the top.
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544:, a two-foot technique. By using an X-hat, a drummer who is already using both feet on the bass drum pedals can still play hi-hat.
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also uses distinct hi-hat techniques, which include very heavily accentuating the hi-hat hit on each beat and softer in between.
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274:, whose playing of timekeeping "ride" rhythms while striking the hi-hat as it opened and closed inspired the innovation of the
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slightly tilted. The top cymbal is mounted bell up on the rod and closed against the bottom by foot pressure on the pedal.
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pedals to play closed hi-hats without needing to operate the hi-hat pedal, and this remains their primary application.
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uses a cable to allow hi-hat cymbals to be positioned independently of the pedal. Operation is otherwise normal.
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In addition to the many types of hi-hat cymbals on the market, there are also non-cymbal hi-hat pedals like the
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10 inch mini-hats with (1) hi-hat rod and clutch (2) tom and cowbell holder (3) hi-hat legs and pedal
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uses two China cymbals in the form of a hi-hat as a kind of distortion hi-hat. Following this principle,
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position. Operation of the pedal re-engages the clutch and allows the player to resume normal playing.
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allows a pair of hats mounted on a conventional hi-hat stand to be closed without use of the pedal.
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are also used to lock and release hi-hats while both feet are in use playing double bass drums.
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was particularly known for using a 15-inch (38 cm) top with a 14-inch (36 cm) bottom.
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294:) began to use 15-inch (38 cm) hi-hats, such as the Paiste Giant Beat. In the late 1980s,
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Initial versions of the hi-hat were called clangers, which were small cymbals mounted onto a
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refers to parts or notes played solely with the pedal used to strike the two cymbals. Most
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refer to notes struck while the two cymbals are apart or together (open or closed), while
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1072:"Sizzle Touch Drop Clutch STDC7 | Hi-Hat Clutches | HI-HAT STAND ACCESSORIES | PRODUCTS"
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or from an old recording from which the sound of a hi-hat is recorded and loaded into a
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Most stands have retractable spikes, shown here extended, to minimize slipping
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and a pedal, all mounted on a metal stand. It is a part of the standard
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This article is about the percussion instrument. For other uses, see
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or similar recording-enabled equipment from which it is triggered.
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below it, but this is not universal. Some top modern drummers like
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uses a hi-hat made out of Bell cymbals as his secondary hi-hat.
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Four-four pattern with open (o) and closed (+) hi-hat (see:
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182:
976:"Jazz Profiles: "The Wonder" of Philly Joe Jones - Part 1"
1055:"Audio Graffiti: Guide to Drum & Percussion Notation"
141:
1189:
All About Drums: A Fun and Simple Guide to
Playing Drums
270:. The first recognized master of the new instrument was
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in the late 80s, the
Factory Metal Hat Crasherz or the
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pattern, although this playing is usually done by a
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Drop clutches were developed to allow players using
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1614:
775:, the hi-hat is hit with drumsticks in a simple
464:The same clutch installed on a top hi-hat cymbal
228:Dance band drummer with sock, or low-hat, cymbal
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887:The Drum Book: The History of the Rock Drum Kit
600:Characteristic rock and hip hop hi-hat pattern
715:The Presidents of the United States of America
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440:Tama hi-hat clutch of the traditional pattern
326:inch (1.6 mm) smaller than the bottom).
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1151:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Playing Drums
840:Hi-hat being opened and closed by its pedal
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705:, striking with their left. Some, such as
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129:Learn how and when to remove this message
1567:Classification of percussion instruments
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409:consist of both open and closed notes.
14:
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1257:List of percussion instruments by type
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1638:North American percussion instruments
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646:" from closed to open leading to the
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943:"Drumming Innovators: Papa Jo Jones"
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67:adding citations to reliable sources
38:
1633:20th-century percussion instruments
169:used by drummers in many styles of
24:
859:Problems playing these files? See
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387:Standard terminology has evolved.
334:middle cymbal remains stationary.
201:during a ballad or the start of a
25:
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1597:List of vibraphone manufacturers
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161:, etc.) is a combination of two
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974:Cerra, Steven (5 August 2008).
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1253:List of percussion instruments
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259:and struck with an arm on the
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1602:List of timpani manufacturers
1592:List of marimba manufacturers
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1582:List of cymbal manufacturers
737:or other instrumental solo.
452:The same clutch disassembled
7:
1001:"Papa Jo Jones: The Bridge"
536:. They are associated with
421:The standard clutch uses a
236:Sabian 10" mini-hats, 1980s
10:
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1587:List of drum manufacturers
1536:Indoor percussion ensemble
1126:Peckman, Jonathan (2007).
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1128:Picture Yourself Drumming
1117:retrieved 29 January 2012
980:Jazzprofiles.blogspot.com
580:Spoxe hi-hats created by
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1187:Mattingly, Rick (2006).
1148:Miller, Michael (2003).
548:Different cymbal hi-hats
1041:6 November 2007 at the
1006:Modern Drummer Magazine
923:Hal Leonard Corporation
885:Nichols, Geoff (1997).
743:, drummer for the band
1244:Percussion instruments
1035:"Pearl Drums Hardware"
918:Guide to Vintage Drums
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29:Percussion instrument
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1364:Unpitched percussion
576:Shekere hi-hat, the
542:double bass drumming
286:drummers (including
63:improve this article
1628:Drum kit components
1546:Percussion ensemble
1526:Marching percussion
1274:Keyboard percussion
1097:"| TAMA Drums"
1013:on 27 February 2019
621:percussion notation
1541:Percussion section
1265:Pitched percussion
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765:The Rolling Stones
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586:Baldman Percussion
568:Non-cymbal hi-hats
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248:14" hi-hat cymbals
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1577:Percussion mallet
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955:on 8 October 2015
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538:heavy metal music
207:heavy metal music
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1107:on 1 July 2015
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891:Balafon Books
888:
881:
879:
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862:
841:
823:
805:
804:Closed hi-hat
788:
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761:Charlie Watts
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731:Dream Theater
728:
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707:Kenny Aronoff
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396:closed hi-hat
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344:Modern stands
341:
339:
338:Drop-clutches
335:
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312:examples are
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80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
35:
27:
19:
1495:Drum machine
1292:Glockenspiel
1202:
1188:
1182:
1173:
1150:
1143:
1127:
1122:
1109:. Retrieved
1105:the original
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:
1066:
1049:
1015:. Retrieved
1011:the original
1004:
995:
983:. Retrieved
979:
969:
957:. Retrieved
953:the original
946:
937:
916:
886:
858:
781:drum machine
770:
759:
749:
741:Roger Taylor
739:
727:Mike Portnoy
695:Shawn Drover
687:Billy Cobham
679:
675:shuffle time
671:
663:
582:Terry Bozzio
571:
558:Terry Bozzio
551:
534:cymbal stack
529:
527:
517:
513:
511:
502:
498:
494:
487:
483:
478:
476:
420:
411:
402:pedal hi-hat
401:
400:
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389:
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336:
332:
310:
288:Led Zeppelin
280:
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158:
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116:
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92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
26:
1551:Drum circle
1158:. pp.
1156:Alpha Books
1017:26 February
959:2 September
822:Open hi-hat
777:eighth-note
719:Lars Ulrich
703:open handed
667:ride cymbal
648:ride cymbal
554:Thomas Lang
479:drop clutch
473:Drop clutch
292:John Bonham
276:ride cymbal
203:guitar solo
1617:Categories
1572:Drum stick
1477:Wood block
1452:Tambourine
1442:Snare drum
1312:Vibraphone
1204:"splash").
1111:28 January
1101:Tama Drums
1076:TAMA Drums
900:0879304766
889:. London:
869:References
861:media help
735:lead break
711:Jason Finn
683:snare drum
518:remote hat
508:Cable hats
173:including
119:April 2021
89:newspapers
1432:Mark tree
1397:Castanets
1372:Bass drum
1317:Xylophone
1302:Tubaphone
1130:, p.201.
1081:5 January
751:Phil Rudd
723:Metallica
644:crescendo
514:cable hat
328:Max Roach
254:bass drum
1521:Drum kit
1472:Triangle
1467:Timbales
1340:Steelpan
1330:Handbell
1287:Crotales
1282:Carillon
1160:143, 164
1039:Archived
985:19 April
925:, 1994,
771:In much
642:Hi-hat "
296:Zildjian
209:songs).
167:drum kit
159:high-hat
78:"Hi-hat"
34:High hat
1623:Cymbals
1505:Octapad
1457:Tam-tam
1427:Maracas
1417:Cymbals
1412:Cowbell
1377:Bodhrán
1350:Timpani
1335:Handpan
1297:Marimba
785:sampler
773:hip-hop
701:, play
423:knurled
321:⁄
244:Vented
220:History
163:cymbals
103:scholar
18:Hi-hats
1422:Djembe
1402:Claves
1387:Cabasa
1382:Bongos
1195:
1166:
1134:
929:
897:
709:, and
562:Sabian
524:X-hats
417:Clutch
314:Sabian
305:rivets
301:Paiste
214:hi-hat
185:, and
151:hi-hat
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
1560:Other
1447:Taiko
1437:Parai
1407:Conga
1392:Cajón
1345:Tabla
1058:(PDF)
1037:2004
948:Drum!
755:AC/DC
745:Queen
530:X-hat
187:blues
171:music
155:hihat
110:JSTOR
96:books
1193:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1113:2012
1083:2021
1019:2019
987:2021
961:2015
927:ISBN
895:ISBN
725:and
697:and
655:Play
629:play
606:play
578:Remo
393:and
390:Open
284:rock
246:UFIP
183:jazz
175:rock
82:news
763:of
753:of
729:of
721:of
713:of
592:Use
528:An
516:or
290:'s
257:rim
179:pop
65:by
1619::
1201:.
1172:.
1162:.
1154:.
1099:.
1074:.
1027:^
1003:.
978:.
945:.
909:^
877:^
693:,
689:,
623:)
512:A
477:A
323:16
181:,
177:,
157:,
149:A
1236:e
1229:t
1222:v
1138:.
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903:.
863:.
319:1
153:(
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
59:.
36:.
20:)
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