54:, but with additional tensile stress in the basal-plane direction. This produces improved alignment of the graphite crystallites and an interplanar spacing close to that observed in natural graphite. The "stress recrystallization" of graphite was first described by L. C. F. Blackman and
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spread angle, meaning that the individual graphite crystallites are well aligned with each other. The best HOPG samples have mosaic spreads of less than 1 degree.
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125:
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242:"Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Real mode"
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The diameters of the individual crystallites in HOPG are typically in the range 1â10 Ξm.
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8:
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pyrolytic graphite" is sometimes used for this material, but IUPAC favors "highly
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102:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
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The method used to produce HOPG is based on the process used to make
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192:"Automatic lateral calibration of tunneling microscope scanners"
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A. W. Moore (1973). "Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite".
77:as a substrate and for magnification calibration.
23:) is a highly pure and ordered form of synthetic
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124:L. C. F. Blackman; A. R. Ubbelohde (1962).
130:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
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126:"Stress Recrystallization of Graphite"
13:
104:Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
99:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
17:Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
14:
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199:Review of Scientific Instruments
173:Chemistry and Physics of Carbon
27:. It is characterised by a low
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1:
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279:10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.10.149
45:
7:
34:Note that the term "highly
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73:as a monochromator and in
75:scanning probe microscopy
249:Applied Surface Science
112:10.1351/goldbook.H02823
240:R. V. Lapshin (2019).
190:R. V. Lapshin (1998).
150:10.1098/rspa.1962.0044
315:Allotropes of carbon
271:2019ApSS..470.1122L
211:1998RScI...69.3268L
142:1962RSPSA.266...20B
52:pyrolytic graphite
219:10.1063/1.1149091
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205:(9): 3268â3276.
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69:HOPG is used in
56:Alfred Ubbelohde
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136:(1324): 20â32.
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255:: 1122â1129.
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71:x-ray optics
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65:Application
262:1501.06679
81:References
58:in 1962.
295:119275633
287:0169-4332
227:0034-6748
179:: 69â187.
158:136690560
46:Synthesis
309:Category
40:oriented
25:graphite
267:Bibcode
207:Bibcode
138:Bibcode
36:ordered
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29:mosaic
291:S2CID
257:arXiv
245:(PDF)
195:(PDF)
154:S2CID
94:IUPAC
283:ISSN
223:ISSN
134:A266
21:HOPG
275:doi
253:470
215:doi
146:doi
108:doi
106:".
42:".
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19:(
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