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stably above the magnetic field from a permanent magnet. Although magnetic repulsion is obviously and easily achieved between any two magnets, the shape of the field causes the upper magnet to push off sideways, rather than remaining supported, rendering stable levitation impossible for magnetic
519:
acquired
Ascension Orthopedics. The company's pyrolytic carbon implants have been used to treat patients with different forms of osteoarthritis. In January 2021, Integra LifeSciences sold its orthopedics company to
275:, because the graphene sheets crystallize in a planar order, as opposed to pyrolytic carbon, which forms microscopic randomly oriented zones. Because of this, pyrolytic graphite exhibits several unusual
341:
With the easy availability of rare-earth permanent magnets developed in the 1970s and 1980s, the strong diamagnetism of pyrolytic graphite makes it a convenient demonstration material for this effect.
348:
demonstrated that pyrolytic graphite can respond to laser light or sufficiently powerful natural sunlight by spinning or moving in the direction of the field gradient. The carbon's
515:
for use in the hand for metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) replacements. They are produced by two companies: Tornier (BioProfile) and
Ascension Orthopedics. On September 23, 2011,
302:
637:
Abdulla, Irfan N.; Molony, Diarmuid C.; Symes, Michael; Cass, Benjamin (May 2015). "Radial head replacement with pyrocarbon prosthesis: early clinical results".
301:= โ4ร10) against the cleavage plane, exhibiting the greatest diamagnetism (by weight) of any room-temperature diamagnet. In comparison, pyrolytic graphite has a
310:
414:
Pyrolytic carbon is used for several applications in electronic thermal management: thermal-interface material, heat spreaders (sheets) and
689:
Cook, Stephen D.; Beckenbaugh, Robert D.; Redondo, Jacqueline; Popich, Laura S.; Klawitter, Jerome J.; Linscheid, Ronald L. (1999).
549:
89:
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511:. In this application it is currently marketed under the name "PyroCarbon". These implants have been approved by the U.S.
68:
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as a pendant group, relying on drug action to prevent clotting. This is at least partly because of pyrolytic carbon's
454:
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236:
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It is also used in automotive industries where a desired amount of friction is required between two components.
283:
along the cleavage plane than pyrolytic carbon, making it one of the best planar thermal conductors available.
232:
46:
885:
875:
741:"Pyrocarbon Interposition (PyroDisk) Implant for Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis: Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up"
528:
147:
Pyrolytic carbon is man-made and is thought not to be found in nature. Generally it is produced by heating a
57:
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457:(HOPG) is used as the dispersive element in HOPG spectrometers, which are used for X-ray spectrometry.
152:
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507:
Pyrolytic carbon is also in medical use to coat anatomically correct orthopedic implants, a.k.a.
349:
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Because blood clots do not easily form on it, it is often advisable to line a blood-contacting
82:
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516:
501:
280:
571:
Kobayashi, Masayuki; Abe, Jiro (2012-12-26). "Optical Motion
Control of Maglev Graphite".
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The FDA has also approved PyroCarbon interphalangeal joint replacements under the
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338:). Strongly diamagnetic materials, however, can levitate above powerful magnets.
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691:"Long-Term Follow-up of Pyrolytic Carbon Metacarpophalangeal Implants"
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845:"Ascension PIP: Summary of Safety and Probable Benefit HDE # H010005"
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furnaces to decrease heat stress, thus increasing cuvette lifetimes.
206:
24:
373:
141:
133:
497:
493:
366:
306:
156:
383:
In fiber form, it is used to reinforce plastics and metals (see
666:"New Nanomaterial Resists Projectile Impact Better Than Kevlar"
352:
weakens upon sufficient illumination, leading to an unbalanced
171:
550:
Biomaterials science: an introduction to materials in medicine
489:
356:
of the material and movement when using a specific geometry.
345:
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It is used in high temperature applications such as missile
428:
It is used to fabricate grid structures in some high-power
272:
492:, by contrast, are often lined with a polymer that has
185:, rocket motors, heat shields, laboratory furnaces, in
144:
sheets as a result of imperfections in its production.
820:"Smith + Nephew closes Extremity Orthopedics purchase"
636:
325:
Pyrolytic graphite levitating over permanent magnets
189:, coating nuclear fuel particles, and in biomedical
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
664:Technology, California Institute of (2021-08-28).
473:with this material in order to reduce the risk of
613:
290:with controlled mosaicities up to a few degrees.
267:Pyrolytic graphite samples usually have a single
867:
780:"Saddle Hemiarthroplasty for CMC Osteoarthritis"
547:Ratner, Buddy D. (2004). Pyrolytic carbon. In
850:. Food and Drug Administration. 22 March 2002
738:
570:
561:. Google Book Search. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
504:, which a stent undergoes during expansion.
235:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
663:
464:
407:Used to coat graphite cuvettes (tubes) in
795:
616:"Laser guided maglev graphite air hockey"
439:for neutron and X-ray scattering studies.
255:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
573:Journal of the American Chemical Society
320:
120:
739:Barrera-Ochoa, Sergi (September 2014).
682:
460:It is used in personal protective gear.
400:use a coating of pyrolytic carbon as a
309:has a relative permeability of 0.9998 (
868:
316:
196:
777:
695:The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery
541:
784:Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics
614:Phillip Broadwith (4 January 2013).
233:adding citations to reliable sources
200:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
837:
13:
455:Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
409:graphite furnace atomic absorption
14:
897:
778:Orbay, Jorge L. (December 2020).
155:, and permitting the graphite to
707:10.2106/00004623-199905000-00005
477:. For example, it finds use in
421:It is occasionally used to make
293:Pyrolytic graphite is also more
205:
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359:
34:needs additional citations for
812:
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630:
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553:. Academic Press. p. 171โ180.
365:It is used non-reinforced for
1:
529:Humanitarian Device Exemption
344:In 2012, a research group in
329:Few materials can be made to
534:
513:Food and Drug Administration
16:Material similar to graphite
7:
745:The Journal of Hand Surgery
404:for the individual pebbles.
389:Graphite-reinforced plastic
187:graphite-reinforced plastic
10:
902:
757:10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.07.011
125:Sheets of pyrolytic carbon
797:10.1016/j.oto.2020.100828
767:– via ResearchGate.
286:Pyrolytic graphite forms
153:decomposition temperature
132:is a material similar to
500:and the large amount of
483:artificial heart valves
465:Biomedical applications
442:Prosthetic heart valves
350:magnetic susceptibility
279:properties. It is more
639:ANZ Journal of Surgery
326:
166:One method is to heat
126:
502:permanent deformation
331:magnetically levitate
324:
303:relative permeability
124:
886:Refractory materials
876:Allotropes of carbon
517:Integra LifeSciences
281:thermally conductive
229:improve this section
43:improve this article
881:Magnetic levitation
579:(51): 20593โ20596.
524:for $ 240 million.
317:Magnetic levitation
305:of 0.9996, whereas
197:Physical properties
509:replacement joints
336:Earnshaw's theorem
327:
271:plane, similar to
127:
58:"Pyrolytic carbon"
751:(11): 2150โ2160.
651:10.1111/ans.12908
585:10.1021/ja310365k
479:artificial hearts
402:neutron moderator
376:(boiloff-cooled)
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138:covalent bonding
136:, but with some
130:Pyrolytic carbon
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437:monochromator
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423:tobacco pipes
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245:February 2024
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99:February 2008
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852:. Retrieved
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826:. 2021-01-04
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670:SciTechDaily
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522:Smith+Nephew
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487:Blood vessel
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430:vacuum tubes
385:Carbon fiber
360:Applications
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227:Please help
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174:, producing
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
498:brittleness
446:Radial head
295:diamagnetic
277:anisotropic
149:hydrocarbon
870:Categories
830:2021-10-18
824:MassDevice
725:2010-11-09
675:2021-10-18
475:thrombosis
471:prosthesis
448:prosthesis
416:heat sinks
395:Pebble-bed
370:nose cones
191:prostheses
183:nose cones
157:crystalize
69:newspapers
806:226363686
593:0002-7863
535:Footnotes
216:does not
161:pyrolysis
765:25218138
715:10360692
601:23234502
374:ablative
269:cleavage
142:graphene
134:graphite
494:heparin
418:(fins).
367:missile
307:bismuth
237:removed
222:sources
83:scholar
854:7 July
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172:vacuum
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311:table
170:in a
90:JSTOR
76:books
856:2011
761:PMID
711:PMID
597:PMID
589:ISSN
555:ISBN
481:and
387:and
372:and
273:mica
220:any
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