History of Arda - Knowledge

40: 1406: 1820:"until the world is changed, and all the days of her life are utterly forgotten by men that come after ... and with the passing of Evenstar no more is said in this book of the days of old." West observes that this points up a "highly unusual" aspect of Tolkien's legendarium among modern fantasy: it is set "in the real world but in an imagined prehistory." As a result, West explains, Tolkien can build what he likes in that distant past, elves and wizards and hobbits and all the rest, provided that he tears it all down again, so that the modern world can emerge from the wreckage, with nothing but " 1717: 279: 197: 91:, though the subsequent history of Arda was divided into three time periods using different years, known as the Years of the Lamps, the Years of the Trees, and the Years of the Sun. A separate, overlapping chronology divides the history into 'Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar'. The first such Age began with the Awakening of the Elves during the Years of the Trees and continued for the first six centuries of the Years of the Sun. All the subsequent Ages took place during the Years of the Sun. Most 1857:, the world was flat. In the Fall, it became round; further geological events reshaped the continents into the Earth as it now is. All the same, the old tales survive here and there, resulting in mentions of Dwarves and Elves in real Medieval literature. Thus, Tolkien's imagined mythology "is an attempt to reconstruct our pre-history." Lee and Solopova comment that "Only by understanding this can we fully realize the true scale of his project and comprehend how enormous his achievement was." 949: 754: 444:, the port-city of the Teleri, who forbade them from taking their ships for the journey to Middle-earth. The first Kinslaying thus ensued, and the Noldor that partook were exiled indefinitely. Fëanor and his children in return swore an oath to retake the Silmarils, that the Valar turned to a curse over the house of Fëanor. Fëanor's host sailed on the boats, leaving Fingolfin's host behind – who crossed over to Middle-earth on the 1117:. Rivendell also became a prominent haven for the Elves and other races. Throughout the Age, they chose not to mingle much in the matters of other lands, and only came to the aid of other races in time of war. The Elves devoted themselves to artistic pleasures, and tended to the lands which they occupied. The gradual decline of Elven populations occurred throughout the Age as the rise of Sauron came to dominate 919:, the Ringwraiths). Sauron then made war on the elves and nearly destroyed them utterly during the Dark Years, but when it seemed defeat was imminent, the Númenóreans joined the battle and completely crushed the forces of Sauron. Sauron never forgot the ruin brought on his armies by the Númenóreans, and made it his goal to destroy them. 883:. The Númenóreans became great seafarers, and were learned, wise, and had a lifespan beyond other men. At first, they honored the Ban of the Valar, never sailing into the Undying Lands. They went east to Middle-earth and taught the men living there valuable skills. After a time, they became jealous of the Elves for their immortality. 927:, humbled Sauron – his armies deserting in the face of Númenor's might – and brought him to Númenor as a hostage, although this was Sauron's goal. At this time still beautiful in appearance, Sauron gained Ar-Pharazôn's trust and became high priest in the cult of Melkor. At this time, the Faithful (who still worshipped the one god, 1376:. In a 1972 letter concerning this draft, Tolkien mentioned that Eldarion's reign would have lasted for about 100 years after the death of Aragorn. His realm was to be "great and long-enduring", but the lifespan of the royal house was not to be restored; it would continue to wane until it was like that of ordinary Men. 1975:

in the years 1000, 2000 and 3000, and notes on how this system of intercalation was disrupted by the designation of S.A. 3442 the first year of the Third Age. "After the Downfall in S.A. 3319, the system was maintained by the exiles, but it was much dislocated by the beginning of the Third Age with a

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At the end of his epic Tolkien inserts ... some forebodings of future which will make Earth what it is today ... he shows the initial steps in a long process of retreat or disappearance by which all other intelligent species, which will leave man effectually alone on earth... Ents may still be there

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Eldarion, son of Aragorn II Elessar and Arwen Evenstar, became King of the Reunited Kingdom in F.A. 120. Aragorn gave him the tokens of his rule, and then surrendered his life willingly, as his ancestors had done thousands of years before. Arwen left him to rule alone, passing away to the now-empty

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lurked beyond the Walls of Night. During this time animals first appeared, and forests started to grow. The Spring of Arda was interrupted when Melkor returned to Arda, creating his fortress of Utumno (Udûn) beneath the Iron Mountains in the far north. The period ended when Melkor assaulted and

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that "no previous writer has, to my knowledge, created an imaginary world and a feigned history in such detail. By the time the reader has finished the trilogy, including the appendices to this last volume, he knows as much about Tolkien's Middle Earth, its landscape, its fauna and flora, its

149:, then the most powerful of the Ainur, broke the harmony of the music, until Ilúvatar began first a second theme, and then a third theme, which the Ainur could not comprehend since they were not the source of it. The essence of their song symbolized the history of the whole universe and the 843:

to beg the Valar for aid against Morgoth. They responded, sending forth a great host. In the War of Wrath, Melkor was utterly defeated. He was expelled into the Void and most of his works were destroyed, bringing the First Age to an end. This came at a terrible cost, however, as most of

931:), were persecuted openly by those called the King's Men, and were sacrificed in the name of Melkor. Eventually, Sauron convinced Ar-Pharazôn to invade Aman, promising him that he would thus obtain immortality. Amandil, chief of the Faithful, sailed westward to warn the Valar. His son 118:

here, rooted in Tolkien's own Christian faith. Arda is, as critics have noted, "our own green and solid Earth at some quite remote epoch in the past." As such, it has not only an immediate story but a history, and the whole thing is an "imagined prehistory" of the Earth as it is now.

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As soon as Sauron put on the One Ring, the Elves realized that they had been betrayed and removed the Three (Sauron eventually obtained the Seven and the Nine. While he was unable to suborn the Dwarf ringbearers, he had more success with the Men who bore the Nine; they became the

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Towards the end of the age, the Númenóreans became increasingly haughty. Now they sought to dominate other men and to establish kingdoms. Centuries after Tar-Minastir's engagement, when Sauron had largely recovered, Ar-Pharazôn, the last and most powerful of the Kings of

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peoples, their languages, their history, their cultural habits, as, outside his special field, he knows about the actual world." The scholar Margaret Hiley comments that Auden's "feigned history" echoes Tolkien's own statement in the foreword to the second edition of

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and used them to create the Moon and Sun, which remained a part of Arda, but were separate from Ambar (the world). The first rising of the sun over Ambar heralded the end of the Years of the Trees, and the start of the Years of the Sun, which last to the present day.

1544:. The central idea was that there was once a unified set of meanings in an ancient language, and that modern languages are derived from this by fragmentation of meaning. Tolkien took this to imply the separation of peoples, in particular the complicated and repeated 1793:

I imagine the gap to be about 6000 years; that is we are now at the end of the Fifth Age if the Ages were of about the same length as Second Age and Third Age. But they have, I think, quickened; and I imagine we are actually at the end of the Sixth Age, or in the

1626:) by joining them together with a central period. In his view, this could not work for Tolkien, because the Second Age centred on "the failure, decline, and corruption" at the core of human life; Schürer argues that this was unacceptable to Tolkien as a Christian. 1425:

In a letter, Tolkien wrote that "This legendarium ends with a vision of the end of the world , its breaking and remaking, and the recovery of the Silmarilli and the 'light before the Sun' – after a final battle which owes, I suppose, more to the Norse vision of

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have noted that it makes more sense to call it the history of Arda, as Middle-earth was just one continent, and the early part of the history largely concerns another continent, Aman (Valinor), not to mention the creation and destruction of the island of

1935:. In the 1930s and 1940s Tolkien used a figure which fluctuated slightly around ten before settling on 9.582 solar years in each Valian year. However, in the 1950s, Tolkien decided to use a much greater value of 144 solar years per Valian year. 2019:

to go on in 1956, but he commented that "From the appendices readers will get tantalizing glimpses of the First and Second Ages" and hoped that as the "legend of these" had already been written, readers would not have to wait too long for

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as formative; he began his Middle-earth writings at that time. Flieger suggests that Middle-earth arose not only from Tolkien's own wartime experience, but out of that of his dead schoolfriends Geoffrey Bache Smith and Rob Gilson.

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Bitter at the Valar's inactivity, Fëanor and his house left to pursue Melkor, cursing him with the name "Morgoth". While his brother Finarfin chose to stay in Valinor, a larger host led by Fingolfin followed Fëanor. They reached

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With the end of the Third Age began the Dominion of Men. Elves were no longer involved in Human affairs, and most Elves left for Valinor; those that remain behind "fade" and diminish. A similar fate meets the Dwarves: although

911:, a grandson of Fëanor, forged three mighty rings on his own: Vilya, possessed first by the Elven king Gil-galad, then by Elrond; Nenya, wielded by Galadriel; and Narya, given by Celebrimbor to Círdan, who gave it to Gandalf. 1501:

the successive splintering of the original created light, via the Two Lamps, the Two Trees, and the Silmarils, as the wills of different beings conflict. She states that for Tolkien, this creative light was equated with the

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describes events "presented as factual" but taking place before Earth's actual recorded history. What happened is processed through the generations as folk-myths and legends, especially among the (Old) English. Before the

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forged two great pillar-like mountains, Helcar in the north and Ringil in the south. Illuin was set upon Helcar and Ormal upon Ringil. In the middle, where the light of the lamps mingled, the Valar dwelt at the island of

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Tolkien states that 1 Valian year is 1000 Valian days of 12 Valian hours. A Valian hour is 7 solar hours, making a Valian year 84,000 solar hours. A solar year is about 8,766 solar hours, so a Valian year is 9.582 solar

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Later Ages continue up to modern times, the remade Arda being equated with Earth. With the loss of all its peoples except Man, and the reshaping of the continents, all that is left of Middle-earth is a dim memory in

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Tolkien wrote "I have written nothing beyond the first few years of the Fourth Age. (Except the beginning of a tale supposed to refer to the end of the reign of Eldarion about 100 years after the death of Aragorn.

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Those days, the Third Age of Middle-earth, are now long past, and the shape of all lands has been changed; but the regions in which Hobbits then lived were doubtless the same as those in which they still linger:

879:; and it was said that while that tree stood in the King's courtyard, the reign of Númenor would endure. The Elves were granted pardon for the sins of Fëanor, and were allowed to return home to the 972:, a sailing route from Middle-earth to Aman, accessible to the Elves but not to mortals, persisted. Númenor was utterly destroyed, as was the fair body of Sauron; however, his spirit returned to 976:, where he again took up the One Ring, and gathered his strength once more. Elendil, his sons and the remainder of the Faithful sailed to Middle-earth, where they founded the realms in exile of 1497:("Creation of Myth"), where he speaks of "man, sub-creator, the refracted light / through whom is splintered from a single White / to many hues, and endlessly combined / in living shapes". 381:

came into Middle-earth and, in the War of the Powers (also called the Battle of the Powers), defeated Melkor and brought him captive to Valinor. This began the period of the Peace of Arda.

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and laid siege to Morgoth's stronghold Angband. The Noldor for a time maintained the Siege of Angband, resulting in the Long Peace. This Peace lasted hundreds of years, during which time

1074:, and their fall. Arnor was divided into three petty Kingdoms, which fell one by one in the wars with Sauron's vassal kingdom of Angmar, whilst Gondor fell victim to Kin-strife, plague, 1976:

new numeration: S.A. 3442 became T.A. 1. By making T.A. 4 a leap year instead of T.A. 3 (S.A. 3444) 1 more short year of only 365 days was intruded". In addition, several sections of

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At the start of the Second Age, the Men who had remained faithful were given the island of Númenor, in the middle of the Great Sea, and there they established a powerful kingdom. The

436:, three gems crafted by Fëanor that contained light of the Two Trees, from his vault, and destroyed the Trees of the Valar. The world was again dark, save for the faint starlight. 448:(Grinding Ice) in the far north, losing many. The War of the Great Jewels followed, and lasted until the end of the First Age. Meanwhile, the Valar took the last living fruit of 5449: 219:, it was still lifeless and had no distinct geographical features. The initial shape of Arda, chosen by the Valar, was much more symmetrical, including the central continent of 839:, had taken from Morgoth. But Fëanor's sons still maintained that all the Silmarils belonged to them, and so there were two more Kinslayings. Eärendil and Elwing crossed the 1836:

in our forests, but what forests have we left? The process of extermination is already well under way in the Third Age, and ... Tolkien bitterly deplores its climax today."

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at some quite remote epoch in the past." Kocher notes Tolkien's statement in the Prologue, equating Middle-earth with the actual Earth, separated by a long period of time:

5470: 1604:, both about the Second Age, and asks what the period signifies for the legendarium as a whole. In his view, the period is problematic, having only one finished tale, the 322:(the golden tree) in the land of Valinor. The Trees illuminated Valinor, leaving Middle-earth in darkness. The Years of the Trees were contemporary with Middle-earth's 4712: 1372:, which would have taken place in Eldarion's reign, and in which Eldarion deals with his people turning to evil practices – in effect, a repetition of the history of 5291: 1521:. Similarly, she notes, the struggles of Elves and Men corrupted by Morgoth and his spiritual descendant Sauron echo those of Adam and Eve tempted by Satan in the 1359:

where she died. Upon the death of Aragorn, Legolas departed Middle-earth for Valinor, taking Gimli with him and ending the Fellowship of the Ring in Middle-earth.

1003:, his father's shattered sword, and cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand. Sauron was defeated, but not utterly destroyed. Afterward, Isildur ignored the counsel of 264:. After the destruction of the Two Lamps the Years of the Lamps ended and the Years of the Trees began. A Valian Year was considerably longer than a solar year. 244:

destroyed the Lamps of the Valar. Arda was again darkened, and the fall of the great Lamps spoiled the symmetry of Arda's surface. New continents were created:

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than to anything else, though it is not much like it." The concept of Dagor Dagorath appears in many of Tolkien's manuscripts that were published by his son

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in the distant past. With the loss of all its peoples except Man, and the reshaping of the continents, all that is left of Middle-earth is a dim memory in

176:, the "void" without. The first 15 of the Ainur that descended to Arda, and the most powerful ones, were called Valar; the lesser Ainur were called Maiar. 983:

Sauron arose again and challenged them. The Elves allied with Men to form the Last Alliance of Elves and Men. For seven years, the Alliance laid siege to

1160:, on the east of Middle-earth's western lands; in Wilderland it killed more than half the population. In the following year the Great Plague spread into 945:, gifts of the elves. When the King's forces set foot on Aman, the Valar laid down their guardianship of the world and called on Ilúvatar to intervene. 227:, and was lit by the misty light that veiled the barren ground. The Valar concentrated this light in two large lamps, called Illuin and Ormal. The Vala 5151: 5414: 2999: 465:

The Years of the Sun were the last of the three great time-periods of Arda. They began with the first sunrise in conjunction with the return of the

5379: 1203: 2460, when Sauron returned with new strength. During this period Gondor strengthened its borders, keeping a watchful eye on the east, as 895:. Seven Rings were made for the Dwarves, while Nine were made for Men who later became known as the Ringwraiths. He built a stronghold called 5421: 5254: 365:

kindling the stars above Middle-earth. This was the first time after the Spring of Arda that Middle-earth was illuminated. The first Elves

5305: 4799: 1971:. Appendix A contains genealogies of the royal house of Númenor. Appendix D gives details of the Númenórean calendar, including special 1000: 5133: 4569: 868:, and the early wars of the Rings between Sauron and the Elves. It ended with Sauron's defeat by the Last Alliance of Elves and Men. 416:. After Melkor appeared to repent and was released after his servitude of three Ages, he stirred up rivalry between the Noldorin King 239:

This period, known as the Spring of Arda, was a time when the Valar had ordered the World as they wished and rested upon Almaren, and

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and Anárion prepared to flee eastwards, taking with them a seedling of the White Tree of Númenor before Sauron destroyed it, and the

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The Years of the Trees were divided into two epochs. The first ten ages, the Days of Bliss, saw peace and prosperity in Valinor. The

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In a letter written in 1958, Tolkien states that while the time is invented, the place, planet Earth, is not (italics in original):

5365: 1589:, and that it is "full of extended and terrifying scenes of battle"; she notes that the streetfighting is described over 16 pages. 2844: 5358: 1290: 17: 4859: 4603: 3708: 1967:

outlines the major events of the Second Age, especially as they relate to the Rings of Power and the events and characters of

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The meaning of "years" in this context is problematic. The Valian years measure the passage of time after the arrival of the

1397:. Tolkien estimated that the Fourth Age began approximately 6,000 years ago, and that we would now be in the 6th or 7th Age. 5118: 4030: 1927:

after the first sunrise, but Tolkien provided no dates for events in Aman after that point. Valian years are not used for

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Tolkien estimated that the Fourth Age began approximately 6,000 years ago and that we would now be in the 6th or 7th Age

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but, under the power of the Ring and ignorant of its true nature, he retreated with the Ring to a secret life under the

5442: 5316: 4869: 4749: 3368: 3258: 3067: 5407: 4834: 3583: 273: 141:. Ilúvatar created spirits named the Ainur from his thoughts, and some were considered brothers or sisters. Ilúvatar 103: 765:, began during the Years of the Trees when the Elves awoke at Cuiviénen, and hence the events mentioned above under 4839: 4794: 4744: 4732: 4628: 4613: 4006: 1643: 1533: 1329: 5323: 5274: 5200: 5142: 4917: 4699: 4268: 3892: 3054: 2970: 1637: 5463: 5435: 4895: 4814: 4774: 3848: 3326: 3298: 1557: 1348: 253: 5372: 4922: 4804: 3836: 3733: 2465: 1808: 1121:. By the end of the Third Age, only fragments of the once-grand Elven civilization survived in Middle-earth. 4912: 4874: 4722: 4717: 1152:

originated in its vast eastern region, Rhûn, where it caused considerable suffering. By the winter of late

107: 99: 39: 1251:, where most of their kin now gathered. Meanwhile, Sauron created a strong alliance between the tribes of 784:, who reached Beleriand after Fëanor's death. In the Dagor Aglareb ("Glorious Battle"), the armies of the 5284: 4932: 4707: 4063: 3998: 3962: 3656:(2006). "'And All the Days of Her Life Are Forgotten': 'The Lord of the Rings' as Mythic Prehistory". In 3602: 3538: 3380:

Hobbits, Elves, and Wizards: Exploring the Wonders and Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings

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arrived around a thousand years after the start of this period to aid the Free Peoples, most importantly

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in Tolkien's stories. Tolkien estimated that modern times would correspond to the sixth or seventh age.

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for his dead father. But the Ring betrayed him and slipped from his finger as he was escaping from an

5456: 5351: 5264: 5168: 5019: 4983: 4416: 4087: 4013: 3829: 3163: 1405: 1252: 473:, and last until the present day. The Years of the Sun began towards the end of the First Age of the 132: 5393: 5259: 4954: 4927: 4905: 4849: 4608: 3745: 3354: 3244: 1662:. Like the Olympians, the Valar live in the world, but on a high mountain, separated from mortals; 1513:

remarks on the biblical theme of the conflict between the creator Eru Ilúvatar and the fallen Vala

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The Keys of Middle-earth: Discovering Medieval Literature Through the Fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien

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because they were disturbed by the recent war. However, Elven kingdoms still survived in Lindon,

552: 413: 1671: 735:. This marked the start of the years when the Children of Ilúvatar were active in Middle-earth. 716: 474: 370: 346: 150: 5337: 5077: 4959: 4864: 4854: 4258: 4214: 4194: 4037: 3975: 3822: 3799: 3438: 3212: 1816:'s death, but the statement that her grave will remain on the hill of Cerin Amroth in what was 1545: 813: 744: 724: 366: 358: 4284: 3937: 1594: 1536:

from a once-perfect state. She identifies a theory of decline that influenced Tolkien, namely

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and the evil dwelling there (later known to be Sauron) fled to the far east. It lasted until

808:("Battle of Sudden Flame"). The Elves, Men, and Dwarves were all disastrously defeated in the 290:; the rest of Arda was dark at that time. The outlines of the continents are purely schematic. 5497: 5193: 4996: 4937: 4900: 4879: 4829: 4809: 4789: 4542: 4329: 4304: 4199: 4143: 4135: 4055: 3990: 3806: 3785: 3694: 3444: 3412: 3304: 3192: 1622: 1125: 1062: 1039: 393: 256:) in the East. At the site of the northern lamp was later the inland Sea of Helcar, of which 142: 1789:

In the same letter, he places the beginning of the Fourth Age some 6,000 years in the past:

887:, Morgoth's chief servant, was still active. As Annatar, in disguise he taught the Elves of 5228: 5221: 5208: 5042: 4769: 4672: 4598: 4564: 4130: 3927: 3900: 3004: 1702:: they are associated with fire, and are punished for rebelling against the gods' decrees. 1585: 1503: 1409:

Tolkien likened the Last Battle, Dagor Dagorath, that ends "the world" (Arda) to the Norse

1344: 1340: 1236: 1224: 1185: 1087: 812:("Battle of Unnumbered Tears"), and one by one, the kingdoms fell, even the hidden ones of 690: 582: 362: 342: 334: 283: 4324: 3981: 3919: 1310:, thus for the last time adding Elvish blood to the royal line. As the age ends, Gandalf, 1168:. In Gondor the Plague caused many deaths, including King Telemnar, his children, and the 836: 8: 5269: 4667: 4502: 4492: 4447: 4231: 4177: 3597: 3565: 3533: 3501: 3469: 3159: 3022: 2800: 1920: 1754: 1614:. He proposes that Tolkien wanted to link the First Age (most of the content of the 1977 1580: 1571: 1435: 1315: 1228: 797: 494: 245: 216: 72: 68: 968:

The world was changed into a sphere and the continent of Aman was removed, although the

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westwards towards Aman. Along the journey several groups of Elves tarried, notably the

201: 158: 154: 84: 3189:"Aspects of modernism in the works of C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien and Charles Williams" 1854: 872: 369:

in Cuiviénen in the middle of Middle-earth, marking the start of the First Age of the

5428: 5344: 5330: 5279: 5235: 4990: 4844: 4662: 4095: 4047: 3673: 3639: 3611: 3579: 3570: 3547: 3515: 3483: 3453: 3421: 3387: 3364: 3336: 3308: 3280: 3254: 3222: 3173: 3145: 3119: 3091: 3063: 3034: 3008: 2980: 1493: 1079: 1043: 969: 961: 172:, "globed within the void": the world together with the three airs is set apart from 4349: 777: 748: 5400: 4080: 3884: 3867: 3728: 3657: 3625: 3607: 3593: 3575: 3561: 3543: 3529: 3511: 3506: 3497: 3479: 3474: 3465: 3449: 3433: 3417: 3401: 3081: 1984: 1978: 1659: 1616: 1498: 1149: 953: 52: 2728: 1716: 388:

of the Valar summoned the Elves to Aman. Many of the Elves went with Oromë on the

5386: 5057: 4472: 3661: 3653: 3276: 3268: 3109: 3059: 2575: 2479:, Appendix B: "Later events concerning the members of the Fellowship of the Ring" 1799: 1782: 1647: 1472: 1448:, where the eventual fate of Arda is left open-ended in the closing lines of the 1281: 1240: 1145: 1057: 1007:, and rather than destroy the One Ring in the fires of Mount Doom, he kept it as 772:

Having crossed into Middle-earth, Fëanor was soon lost in an attack on Morgoth's

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The First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar, also referred to as the Elder Days in

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The Lord of the Rings, 1954-2004: Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder

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West praises and quotes Kocher on Tolkien's imagined prehistory and the implied

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in 'space'... Many reviewers seem to assume that Middle-earth is another planet!

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Flieger has observed that the splintering of the created light is a process of

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and many of the remaining Elves of Middle-earth sail from the Grey Havens to

1311: 880: 667: 389: 261: 4477: 2384: 2225:, "The Annals of Aman", §§ 5-10 "Of the Beginning of Time and its Reckoning" 1989: 1765:. Of their original home the Hobbits in Bilbo’s time preserved no knowledge. 1646:

that scholars have proposed as possibly important on the history of Arda is

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is removed from Arda; only the Elves remain able to reach it by sailing the

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writes that one of the "very final passages" of the internal chronology of

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Arda in the First Age. The outlines of the continents are purely schematic.

732: 556: 470: 299: 249: 220: 168:, which means "to be," the universe itself, and formed within it Arda, the 92: 88: 43:

Tolkien meant Arda to be "our own green and solid Earth", seen here in the

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The Third Age lasted for 3021 years, beginning with the first downfall of

984: 896: 728: 445: 302:, moving to the continent of Aman. There they built their Second Kingdom, 257: 5092: 4279: 3350: 2994: 2919: 1861: 1575: 1562:

Scholars including Flieger have noted that if Tolkien intended to create

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writes that Tolkien's first prose work after returning from the war was

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The Second Age is characterized by the establishment and flourishing of

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stories take place in the first three Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar.

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deal extensively with Númenor and several of its kings. At the end of

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had recovered, and was seeking the One Ring. The events of the ensuing

1264: 1196: 1169: 1157: 1075: 904: 486: 478: 30:"History of Middle-earth" redirects here. For the series of books, see 4618: 4432: 3048:

Donovan, Leslie A. (2020) . "Middle-earth Mythology: An Overview". In

1651: 1373: 1141: 1098:; but the line of rightful heirs remains unbroken throughout the age. 1053: 924: 857: 780:

survived and founded realms, as did the followers of his half-brother

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becomes an ally of the Reunited Kingdom, there are indications that

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from the fallen kingdom of Arnor wander Middle-earth, aided only by

916: 421: 5032: 4638: 4552: 4482: 4467: 4452: 4204: 1876: 1824:, a few vague legends and confused traditions..." to show for it. 1725: 1683: 1667: 1655: 1605: 1386: 1137: 1114: 1019:. Isildur was killed by an orc arrow, and the Ring was lost in the 1008: 900: 840: 817: 789: 685: 597: 433: 361:. The next ten ages, called the Noontide of the Blessed Realm, saw 4314: 823:

At the end of the age, all that remained of free Elves and Men in

417: 385: 4687: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4532: 4512: 4437: 4394: 4374: 4339: 4334: 4319: 4289: 4020: 1924: 1687: 1679: 1514: 1295: 1165: 1133: 1129: 1106: 1070:. The Third Age saw the rise in power of the realms of Arnor and 996: 988: 957: 936: 932: 888: 793: 663: 622: 566: 374: 350: 307: 303: 295: 287: 240: 233: 146: 2240:, ch. 3 "Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor" 2100:, ch. 3 "Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor" 1176:

was decimated, and government of the kingdom was transferred to

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who hoped to enslave them. Learning of this, the Valar and the

106:

as different wills come into conflict. Scholars have noted the

1992:" recounts the fall of Númenor and its kings, and the rise of 252:

proper in the middle, the uninhabited lands (later called the

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takes his place as King of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and

1216: 995:, the last High King of the Noldor in Middle-earth. However, 835:

possessed the Silmaril which his wife Elwing's grandparents,

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The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary

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make "an attempt at a summary", which runs as follows. The

1675: 1663: 1188:

suffered "great loss" in what they called the Dark Plague.

952:

The Downfall of Númenor and the Changing of the World. The

2861: 2788: 2666: 2452:, "The Making of Appendix A", '(IV) Durin's Folk', p. 278. 987:, until at last Sauron himself entered the field. He slew 860:, the rise of Sauron in Middle-earth, the creation of the 294:

After the destruction of the Two Lamps and the kingdom of

260:

was a bay. At the site of the southern lamp was later the

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Master of Middle-earth: The Achievement of J.R.R. Tolkien

2633: 1105:. In the beginning of the Third Age, many Elves left for 792:

attacked from the east and west, destroying the invading

338: 200:

The Spring of Arda, lit by the two great lamps. Based on

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Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth

2764: 2752: 2713: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2160:, ch. 11 "Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor" 2081: 2079: 1592:

The Tolkien scholar Norbert Schürer notes the 2022 book

3083:

Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien's World

2318:, ch. 24 Of the Voyage of Earendil and the War of Wrath 2124:, ch. 7 "Of the Silmarils and the Unrest of the Noldor" 2812: 2701: 2233: 2231: 1284:

leading to the end of the Third Age is the subject of

2885: 2873: 2740: 2614: 2201:, #211 to Rhona Beare, 14 October 1958, last footnote 2076: 3138:

Interrupted Music: The Making of Tolkien's Mythology

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that he much preferred history, true or feigned, to

47:

mountains, "at some quite remote epoch in the past".

3111:

A Question of Time: J.R.R. Tolkien's Road to Faërie

2824: 2228: 2112:, ch. 5 "Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië" 1686:, but with the gender roles reversed. He mentioned 1343:is refounded together with a colony established by 1060:and final defeat of Sauron, the events narrated in 710: 588: Melkor is defeated and imprisoned 2284: 2282: 2276:, ch. 20 "Of the Fifth Battle: Nirnaeth Arnoediad" 1705: 2943: 2678: 2347:, Appendix B: The Tale of Years. "The Second Age" 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 5484: 2550: 2416:, Appendix B: The Tale of Years, "The Third Age" 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2148:, ch. 6 "Of Fëanor and the Unchaining of Melkor" 1674:, the Lord of the Air and King of the Valar, to 1467:Christianity in Middle-earth § The creation 1101:This age was characterized by the waning of the 1031:"Third Age" redirects here. For other uses, see 400:. The three clans that arrived at Aman were the 357:respectively, but placed into slumber until the 2567: 2565: 2279: 1427: 1351:. Together, they disappear from human history. 723:) began during the Years of the Trees when the 547: Melkor destroys the Two Lamps 3273:J. R. R. Tolkien: Myth, Morality, and Religion 2321: 1777:, but kept my feet on my own mother-earth for 1487:calls its prose "appropriately 'scriptural'". 907:to control the other rings and their bearers. 3702: 2914: 2912: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2499: 2497: 2390: 2252:, ch. 17 "Of the Coming of Men into the West" 2043: 2041: 1899:Christopher Tolkien called his 12-volume set 1879:; and that Middle-earth's history is told in 1219:. In the north, Arnor was long gone, but the 769:overlap with the beginning of the First Age. 666:removed from Arda; only Elves can travel the 5422:Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings 2836: 2581: 2562: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 1781:. I prefer that to the contemporary mode of 1773:I have, I suppose, constructed an imaginary 1658:. The Valar borrow many attributes from the 1460: 1362:Tolkien once considered writing a sequel to 1156: 1635 the Plague spread from Rhûn into 632: Most of Beleriand drowned 5380:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion 3235: 2809:, Preface, pp. xiii–xviii, 309, and passim. 2737:, pp. 6–61, 89–90, 144-145 and passim. 2695: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2303:, ch. 23 "Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin" 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 1923:in Arda. The Valian years were measured in 1831:to lead from fantasy to the modern world: 1471:Scholars, noting that Tolkien was a devout 1306:. Aragorn marries the daughter of Elrond, 137:The supreme deity of Tolkien's universe is 3709: 3695: 3359:(Third ed.). The Lost Straight Road: 2909: 2521: 2494: 2350: 2038: 1678:. Tolkien compared Beren and Lúthien with 87:. Time from that point was measured using 27:History of J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth 2964: 2924:"Books: At the End of the Quest, Victory" 2587: 2571: 2532: 2506:, #338 to Fr. Douglas Carter, 6 June 1972 2503: 2311: 2309: 2198: 2175: 1740:Arda is summed up by the Tolkien scholar 5415:Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England' 5366:The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide 5292:Things named after Tolkien and his works 3400: 3321: 3293: 3000:Tolkien's Art: A 'Mythology for England' 2707: 2645: 2639: 2599: 2213:, "The Annals of Aman", section 1, p. 59 2057: 1715: 1481:echoes the Christian account of creation 1404: 947: 752: 682: Final defeat of Sauron 549: Arda's symmetry broken 373:, and were soon approached by the Enemy 277: 195: 38: 5359:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century 3624: 3592: 3560: 3528: 3496: 3464: 3432: 3377: 3349: 3325:(2003). "Fiction and Poetry, 1914–73". 3267: 3132: 3104: 3076: 2891: 2879: 2867: 2842: 2818: 2794: 2770: 2758: 2734: 2722: 2672: 2556: 2544: 2515: 2488: 2476: 2461: 2449: 2437: 2425: 2413: 2380: 2368: 2356: 2344: 2315: 2300: 2288: 2273: 2261: 2249: 2237: 2222: 2210: 2169: 2157: 2145: 2133: 2121: 2109: 2097: 2085: 2070: 2047: 1690:, too, in connection with Túrin in the 1540:'s theory of language in his 1928 book 1302:, restoring the line of Kings from the 1291:Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age 1255:, so that when he returned he had many 75:, following the creation events in the 14: 5485: 3207: 2993: 2903: 2782: 2746: 2627: 2306: 2172:, ch. 13 "Of the Return of the Noldor" 1574:has identified his experiences in the 1207:was still a threat on their flank and 1191:The so-called Watchful Peace began in 1086:ruling in their stead. Meanwhile, the 630: Thangorodrim broken 581: Yavanna creates the 3690: 3186: 3158: 3021: 2949: 2918: 2830: 2806: 2136:, ch. 8 "Of the Darkening of Valinor" 1963:"The Tale of Years" in Appendix B of 1650:. The disappearance of the island of 1172:; the population of the capital city 991:, High King of Gondor and Arnor, and 827:was a settlement at the mouth of the 684: Destruction of the 267: 191: 122: 4031:The History of The Lord of the Rings 3652: 2660: 1566:, in the history of Arda as told in 1227:prospered, getting their first Took 596: Melkor steals the 428:. With the help of the giant spider 282:Arda in the Years of the Trees. The 98:Major themes of the history are the 3027:War and the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien 2590:, #227 to Mrs Drijver, January 1961 2535:, #131 to Milton Waldman, late 1951 1666:, Lord of the Waters, owes much to 1551: 1215:. There were minor skirmishes with 1148:. Middle-earth's devastating Great 460: 223:. Middle-earth was also originally 79:and long ages of labour throughout 24: 5443:Tolkien, Race and Cultural History 5317:The Complete Guide to Middle-earth 2073:, ch. 1 "Of the Beginning of Days" 1631: 875:was planted in the King's city of 831:and another on the Isle of Balar. 654: World made round 25: 5509: 5408:Tolkien and the Invention of Myth 2291:, ch. 22 "Of the Ruin of Doriath" 1598:and the Amazon television series 1517:, mirroring that between God and 1444:series, but not in the published 1400: 1195: 2063, when Gandalf went to 804:. Morgoth broke the siege in the 534: Marring of Arda 274:Trees and forests in Middle-earth 4007:The Lost Road and Other Writings 3716: 3187:Hiley, Margaret Barbara (2006). 1330:Decline and fall in Middle-earth 711:Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar 493:Tolkien situated the History of 432:, he killed Finwë and stole the 179: 104:splintering of the created light 5324:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien 5201:Poems and Songs of Middle Earth 4923:Finnish language and literature 3893:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien 3055:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien 2971:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien 2593: 2538: 2509: 2482: 2470: 2455: 2443: 2431: 2428:, Appendix A part I(iv), p. 328 2419: 2374: 2362: 2294: 2267: 2255: 2243: 2216: 2204: 2163: 2151: 2139: 2127: 2115: 2103: 2088:, "Myths Transformed", 9 "Aman" 2009: 1999: 1957: 1948: 1938: 1638:Tolkien and the classical world 186: 5464:The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien 5436:Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth 4713:Ancestry as guide to character 3849:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil 3328:Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon 3300:Tolkien: A Critical Assessment 2973:: Revised and Expanded Edition 2091: 1913: 1893: 1558:The Great War and Middle-earth 1294:. After the defeat of Sauron, 452:and the last living flower of 13: 1: 5373:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia 3837:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen 2466:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen 2440:, part 3 ch. 2(i) pp. 288–289 2027: 1809:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen 1720:Tolkien imagined Arda as the 1379: 1321: 851: 384:After the War of the Powers, 2608: 2547:, ch. 3: "Quenta Noldorinwa" 1744:as "our own green and solid 1026: 738: 100:divine creation of the world 7: 4896:Tolkien's impact on fantasy 4064:The Peoples of Middle-earth 3999:The Shaping of Middle-earth 3603:The Peoples of Middle-earth 3539:The Shaping of Middle-earth 3142:Kent State University Press 3116:Kent State University Press 2850:Journal of Tolkien Research 1902:The History of Middle-earth 1455: 1441:The History of Middle-earth 1272: 2941. By the time of 153:that were to dwell in it – 32:The History of Middle-earth 10: 5514: 4570:List of weapons and armour 4103:The Nature of Middle-earth 3793:The Fellowship of the Ring 3670:Marquette University Press 3407:The Fellowship of the Ring 3088:Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing 2958: 2371:, part 2: "The Second Age" 2032: 1709: 1635: 1570:he had made it very dark. 1555: 1464: 1327: 1180:. In Eriador, the nascent 1037: 1033:Third Age (disambiguation) 1030: 742: 603: 545:End of the Spring of Arda: 477:and continued through the 412:. They made their home in 271: 126: 29: 5457:Tolkien and the Great War 5304: 5265:Works inspired by Tolkien 5247: 5180: 5169:Nightfall in Middle-Earth 5101: 5018: 5009: 4984:The Atlas of Middle-earth 4975: 4888: 4698: 4589: 4582: 4525: 4415: 4267: 4129: 4118: 4088:The History of The Hobbit 4073: 3960: 3951: 3858: 3830:The Scouring of the Shire 3766: 3759: 3724: 3378:Stanton, Michael (2001). 2843:Schürer, Norbert (2022). 2359:, Appendix D: "Calendars" 1620:) with the Third Age (of 1461:Creation and sub-creation 1415:Battle of the Doomed Gods 1243:under Thorin I abandoned 693:depart from Middle-earth 518: 133:Cosmology of Middle-earth 5394:The Road to Middle-Earth 5260:Middle-earth Enterprises 3906:The three "Great Tales" 3356:The Road to Middle-Earth 2845:"Second Age, Middle Age" 2785:, Title page and passim. 2518:, "The Heirs of Elendil" 1886: 1211:was still occupied with 899:and secretly forged the 330:as the Great Darkness). 5215:An Evening in Rivendell 5088:Margrethe II of Denmark 4967:A mythology for England 2696:Lee & Solopova 2005 1712:A mythology for England 1694:. Flieger has compared 1564:a mythology for England 1475:, have stated that the 1428: 1419:Friedrich Wilhelm Heine 65:history of Middle-earth 18:History of Middle-earth 5338:Master of Middle-Earth 4860:Psychological journeys 4424:First and Second Ages 4276:First and Second Ages 4038:The Notion Club Papers 3976:The Book of Lost Tales 3823:The Return of the King 3800:The Shadow of the Past 3439:The Return of the King 1838: 1796: 1787: 1767: 1737: 1546:sundering of the Elves 1499:She analyses in detail 1422: 965: 891:the craft of creating 758: 745:Sundering of the Elves 731:in the middle-east of 594:destroys the Two Trees 561: The 359:awakening of the Elves 318:(the silver tree) and 298:, the Valar abandoned 291: 208: 164:Then Ilúvatar created 48: 5450:Tolkien's Legendarium 5194:The Road Goes Ever On 5136:The Lord of the Rings 5121:The Lord of the Rings 4997:A Map of Middle-earth 4740:Death and immortality 4543:Red Book of Westmarch 4056:The War of the Jewels 3991:The Lays of Beleriand 3912:The Children of Húrin 3807:The Council of Elrond 3786:The Lord of the Rings 3445:The Lord of the Rings 3413:The Lord of the Rings 3193:University of Glasgow 2017:The Lord of the Rings 1969:The Lord of the Rings 1965:The Lord of the Rings 1833: 1812:, ends not just with 1791: 1783:seeking remote globes 1771: 1750: 1719: 1710:Further information: 1706:"Imagined prehistory" 1636:Further information: 1623:The Lord of the Rings 1556:Further information: 1491:cites Tolkien's poem 1465:Further information: 1408: 1364:The Lord of the Rings 1328:Further information: 1286:The Lord of the Rings 1274:The Lord of the Rings 1084:House of the Stewards 1063:The Lord of the Rings 1040:The Lord of the Rings 1038:Further information: 951: 873:White Tree of Númenor 788:led by Fingolfin and 763:The Lord of the Rings 756: 743:Further information: 715:The First Age of the 281: 272:Further information: 236:upon the Great Lake. 206:Atlas of Middle-earth 199: 42: 5229:At Dawn in Rivendell 5222:A Night in Rivendell 5209:The Tolkien Ensemble 5043:Brothers Hildebrandt 4565:Two Trees of Valinor 3928:The Fall of Gondolin 3023:Croft, Janet Brennan 1844:and the medievalist 1840:The Tolkien scholar 1798:The Tolkien scholar 1586:The Fall of Gondolin 1288:, and summarized in 1056:and ending with the 999:took up the hilt of 717:Children of Ilúvatar 698:Fourth Age and later 583:Two Trees of Valinor 475:Children of Ilúvatar 371:Children of Ilúvatar 284:Two Trees of Valinor 151:Children of Ilúvatar 4733:Round World dilemma 4285:Eärendil and Elwing 3938:The Fall of Númenor 3672:. pp. 67–100. 3598:Christopher Tolkien 3566:Christopher Tolkien 3534:Christopher Tolkien 3502:Christopher Tolkien 3470:Christopher Tolkien 3269:Purtill, Richard L. 3241:Solopova, Elizabeth 3062:. pp. 92–106. 2966:Carpenter, Humphrey 2922:(22 January 1956). 2870:, pp. 52, 131. 2797:, pp. 139–142. 2675:, pp. 324–328. 1905:; scholars such as 1644:the many influences 1595:The Fall of Númenor 1581:Janet Brennan Croft 1509:, the Divine Word. 1450:Quenta Silmarillion 1262:The main events of 1247:, and left for the 502: 5352:A Question of Time 5154:The Rings of Power 5073:Alexander Korotich 4870:Sound and language 4750:Dreams and visions 3384:Palgrave Macmillan 3333:Palgrave Macmillan 2929:The New York Times 2698:, pp. 256–257 2642:, pp. 89–133. 2491:, "The New Shadow" 1867:The New York Times 1846:Elizabeth Solopova 1738: 1601:The Rings of Power 1423: 1304:Stewards of Gondor 966: 810:Nírnaeth Arnoediad 767:Years of the Trees 759: 689: 662: 656: 648: 621: 609:First Age (cont'd) 590: 574:Years of the Trees 551: 536: 492: 485:, and part of the 345:were conceived by 292: 268:Years of the Trees 209: 202:Karen Wynn Fonstad 192:Years of the Lamps 123:Music of the Ainur 102:, followed by the 85:fictional universe 63:, also called the 49: 5493:Fictional history 5480: 5479: 5429:A Tolkien Compass 5345:Picturing Tolkien 5331:Interrupted Music 5300: 5299: 5236:Leaving Rivendell 5005: 5004: 4991:Journeys of Frodo 4845:Old Straight Road 4835:Naming of weapons 4578: 4577: 4325:Lúthien and Beren 4114: 4113: 4096:Carl F. Hostetter 3947: 3946: 3920:Beren and Lúthien 3901:Bilbo's Last Song 3679:978-0-87462-018-4 3658:Hammond, Wayne G. 3645:978-0-007-10504-5 3626:Tolkien, J. R. R. 3617:978-0-395-82760-4 3594:Tolkien, J. R. R. 3562:Tolkien, J. R. R. 3553:978-0-395-42501-5 3530:Tolkien, J. R. R. 3521:978-0-395-29917-3 3498:Tolkien, J. R. R. 3489:978-0-395-25730-2 3466:Tolkien, J. R. R. 3434:Tolkien, J. R. R. 3402:Tolkien, J. R. R. 3393:978-1-4039-6025-2 3342:978-1-4039-1263-3 3314:978-0-333-53896-8 3286:978-0-89870-948-3 3228:978-0-14-003877-4 3179:978-0-00711-953-0 3151:978-0-87338-824-5 3125:978-0-87338-699-9 3097:978-0-802-81955-0 3040:978-0-313-32592-2 3014:978-0-333-29034-7 2986:978-0-35-865298-4 2773:, pp. 65–87. 2761:, pp. 35–41. 2725:, pp. 44–49. 2663:, pp. 67–100 1873:Lord of the Rings 1829:process of fading 1804:Lord of the Rings 1692:Children of Húrin 1231:, and colonizing 970:Old Straight Road 962:Old Straight Road 848:itself was sunk. 837:Beren and Lúthien 800:arrived over the 708: 707: 704:(to present day) 652:'s first downfall 617:War of the Jewels 615:Awakening of Men 604:Years of the Sun 143:made divine music 67:, began when the 16:(Redirected from 5505: 5401:Splintered Light 5016: 5015: 4840:Northern courage 4765:Environmentalism 4745:Decline and fall 4668:Tolkien's poetry 4587: 4586: 4305:Finwë and Míriel 4127: 4126: 4081:John D. Rateliff 3958: 3957: 3885:Unfinished Tales 3868:The Silmarillion 3764: 3763: 3729:J. R. R. Tolkien 3711: 3704: 3697: 3688: 3687: 3683: 3662:Scull, Christina 3654:West, Richard C. 3649: 3621: 3608:Houghton Mifflin 3589: 3576:Houghton Mifflin 3557: 3544:Houghton Mifflin 3525: 3512:Houghton Mifflin 3507:Unfinished Tales 3493: 3480:Houghton Mifflin 3475:The Silmarillion 3461: 3450:Houghton Mifflin 3429: 3418:Houghton Mifflin 3397: 3374: 3346: 3318: 3290: 3277:Harper & Row 3264: 3232: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3183: 3155: 3129: 3101: 3073: 3044: 3018: 2990: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2916: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2630:, pp. 8–11. 2625: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2578:, September 1954 2569: 2560: 2559:, pp. 85–90 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2388: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2319: 2313: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2226: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2173: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2074: 2068: 2055: 2045: 2021: 2013: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1985:The Silmarillion 1979:Unfinished Tales 1961: 1955: 1952: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1917: 1911: 1897: 1881:The Silmarillion 1617:The Silmarillion 1568:The Silmarillion 1552:A dark mythology 1534:decline and fall 1433: 1259:in his service. 1088:heirs of Isildur 954:earthly paradise 903:in the fires of 806:Dagor Bragollach 680:War of the Ring: 525:Days before days 503: 491: 461:Years of the Sun 324:Sleep of Yavanna 286:illuminated the 53:J. R. R. Tolkien 21: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5503: 5502: 5483: 5482: 5481: 5476: 5387:Perilous Realms 5307: 5296: 5243: 5176: 5119:Symphony No. 1 5097: 5058:Donato Giancola 5011: 5001: 4971: 4918:Classical world 4884: 4775:First World War 4694: 4574: 4521: 4473:Lonely Mountain 4411: 4263: 4134: 4121: 4110: 4069: 4014:The Etymologies 3964: 3953: 3943: 3854: 3768: 3755: 3720: 3715: 3680: 3646: 3618: 3586: 3554: 3522: 3490: 3394: 3371: 3343: 3323:Rosebury, Brian 3315: 3295:Rosebury, Brian 3287: 3261: 3229: 3209:Kocher, Paul H. 3198: 3196: 3180: 3152: 3134:Flieger, Verlyn 3126: 3106:Flieger, Verlyn 3098: 3078:Flieger, Verlyn 3070: 3060:Wiley Blackwell 3047: 3041: 3015: 2987: 2968:, ed. (2023) . 2961: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2917: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2874: 2866: 2862: 2857:(2). article 6. 2841: 2837: 2829: 2825: 2817: 2813: 2805: 2801: 2793: 2789: 2781: 2777: 2769: 2765: 2757: 2753: 2745: 2741: 2733: 2729: 2721: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2694: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2659: 2646: 2638: 2634: 2626: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2598: 2594: 2586: 2582: 2576:Naomi Mitchison 2570: 2563: 2555: 2551: 2543: 2539: 2531: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2475: 2471: 2460: 2456: 2448: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2391: 2379: 2375: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2351: 2343: 2322: 2314: 2307: 2299: 2295: 2287: 2280: 2272: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2229: 2221: 2217: 2209: 2205: 2197: 2176: 2168: 2164: 2156: 2152: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2116: 2108: 2104: 2096: 2092: 2084: 2077: 2069: 2058: 2046: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2024: 2015:Auden only had 2014: 2010: 2004: 2000: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1949: 1943: 1939: 1918: 1914: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1855:Fall of Númenor 1800:Richard C. West 1714: 1708: 1648:Greek mythology 1640: 1634: 1632:Greek mythology 1576:First World War 1560: 1554: 1469: 1463: 1458: 1403: 1382: 1349:White Mountains 1332: 1324: 1282:War of the Ring 1146:Misty Mountains 1058:War of the Ring 1046: 1036: 1029: 854: 751: 741: 713: 688: 683: 681: 661: 655: 653: 647: 631: 629: 620: 618: 616: 595: 589: 587: 585: 560: 550: 548: 546: 544: 535: 533: 510: 501:'s prehistory. 463: 276: 270: 254:Land of the Sun 194: 189: 182: 135: 127:Main articles: 125: 108:biblical echoes 61:history of Arda 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5511: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5467: 5460: 5453: 5446: 5439: 5432: 5425: 5418: 5411: 5404: 5397: 5390: 5383: 5376: 5369: 5362: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5334: 5327: 5320: 5312: 5310: 5302: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5262: 5257: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5197: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5163:Blind Guardian 5160: 5159: 5158: 5149: 5140: 5126: 5125: 5124: 5111: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5028:Pauline Baynes 5024: 5022: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4994: 4987: 4979: 4977: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4952: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4898: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4815:Mental illness 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4704: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4691: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4626: 4621: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4595: 4593: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4548:Rings of Power 4545: 4540: 4535: 4529: 4527: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4519: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4515: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4421: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4359: 4358: 4357: 4352: 4350:Túrin Turambar 4347: 4345:Tuor and Idril 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4273: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4170: 4169: 4168: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4140: 4138: 4124: 4116: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4093: 4092: 4091: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4067: 4059: 4051: 4048:Morgoth's Ring 4043: 4042: 4041: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4017: 4002: 3994: 3986: 3985: 3984: 3970: 3968: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3933: 3932: 3931: 3923: 3915: 3904: 3896: 3888: 3880: 3879: 3878: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3840: 3833: 3819: 3816:The Two Towers 3812: 3811: 3810: 3803: 3781: 3772: 3770: 3761: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3737: 3736: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3714: 3713: 3706: 3699: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3678: 3650: 3644: 3622: 3616: 3590: 3584: 3571:Morgoth's Ring 3558: 3552: 3526: 3520: 3494: 3488: 3462: 3430: 3398: 3392: 3375: 3370:978-0261102750 3369: 3347: 3341: 3319: 3313: 3291: 3285: 3265: 3260:978-1403946713 3259: 3237:Lee, Stuart D. 3233: 3227: 3205: 3184: 3178: 3156: 3150: 3130: 3124: 3102: 3096: 3074: 3069:978-1119656029 3068: 3050:Lee, Stuart D. 3045: 3039: 3019: 3013: 2991: 2985: 2977:Harper Collins 2960: 2957: 2955: 2954: 2942: 2908: 2896: 2884: 2872: 2860: 2835: 2823: 2821:, p. 224. 2811: 2799: 2787: 2775: 2763: 2751: 2749:, p. 133. 2739: 2727: 2712: 2700: 2677: 2665: 2644: 2632: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2604: 2592: 2588:Carpenter 2023 2580: 2572:Carpenter 2023 2561: 2549: 2537: 2533:Carpenter 2023 2520: 2508: 2504:Carpenter 2023 2493: 2481: 2469: 2464:, Appendix A: 2454: 2442: 2430: 2418: 2389: 2373: 2361: 2349: 2320: 2305: 2293: 2278: 2266: 2254: 2242: 2227: 2215: 2203: 2199:Carpenter 2023 2174: 2162: 2150: 2138: 2126: 2114: 2102: 2090: 2075: 2056: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2008: 1998: 1956: 1947: 1937: 1912: 1907:Brian Rosebury 1891: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1755:the North-West 1742:Paul H. Kocher 1707: 1704: 1633: 1630: 1553: 1550: 1542:Poetic Diction 1523:Garden of Eden 1515:Melkor/Morgoth 1489:Verlyn Flieger 1485:Brian Rosebury 1479:creation myth 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1402: 1401:Dagor Dagorath 1399: 1381: 1378: 1369:The New Shadow 1323: 1320: 1249:Grey Mountains 1044:Tolkien's maps 1028: 1025: 1017:Gladden Fields 1015:ambush at the 935:and grandsons 893:Rings of Power 862:Rings of Power 853: 850: 802:Blue Mountains 749:Túrin Turambar 740: 737: 712: 709: 706: 705: 702: 699: 695: 694: 678: 675: 671: 670: 641: 638: 634: 633: 613: 610: 606: 605: 601: 600: 579: 576: 570: 569: 530: 527: 521: 520: 516: 515: 512: 507: 462: 459: 269: 266: 193: 190: 188: 185: 181: 178: 124: 121: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5510: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5454: 5452: 5451: 5447: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5431: 5430: 5426: 5424: 5423: 5419: 5417: 5416: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5403: 5402: 5398: 5396: 5395: 5391: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5370: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5303: 5293: 5290: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5179: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5165: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5155: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5132: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5114:Johan de Meij 5112: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5053:Mary Fairburn 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5008: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4974: 4968: 4965: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4825:Moral dilemma 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4805:Luck and fate 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4785:Frame stories 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4514: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4117: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4083: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4058: 4057: 4052: 4050: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4032: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4010: 4009: 4008: 4003: 4001: 4000: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3966: 3959: 3956: 3950: 3940: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3929: 3924: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3902: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3845: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3826: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3818: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3789: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3712: 3707: 3705: 3700: 3698: 3693: 3692: 3689: 3681: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3637: 3636:HarperCollins 3633: 3632: 3631:Tree and Leaf 3627: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3585:0-395-68092-1 3581: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3362: 3361:HarperCollins 3358: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3301: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3224: 3220: 3219:Penguin Books 3216: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3181: 3175: 3171: 3170:HarperCollins 3167: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3042: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3006: 3002: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2972: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2951: 2946: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2915: 2913: 2906:, p. 14. 2905: 2900: 2894:, p. 95. 2893: 2888: 2882:, p. 18. 2881: 2876: 2869: 2864: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2846: 2839: 2833:, p. 18. 2832: 2827: 2820: 2815: 2808: 2803: 2796: 2791: 2784: 2779: 2772: 2767: 2760: 2755: 2748: 2743: 2736: 2731: 2724: 2719: 2717: 2710:, p. 97. 2709: 2708:Rosebury 1992 2704: 2697: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2674: 2669: 2662: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2641: 2640:Rosebury 2003 2636: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2613: 2601: 2600:Tolkien 1954a 2596: 2589: 2584: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2566: 2558: 2553: 2546: 2541: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2517: 2512: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2490: 2485: 2478: 2473: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2451: 2446: 2439: 2434: 2427: 2422: 2415: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2370: 2365: 2358: 2353: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2317: 2312: 2310: 2302: 2297: 2290: 2285: 2283: 2275: 2270: 2263: 2258: 2251: 2246: 2239: 2234: 2232: 2224: 2219: 2212: 2207: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2171: 2166: 2159: 2154: 2147: 2142: 2135: 2130: 2123: 2118: 2111: 2106: 2099: 2094: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2037: 2018: 2012: 2002: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1986: 1981: 1980: 1974: 1973:intercalation 1970: 1966: 1960: 1951: 1941: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1916: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1896: 1892: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1842:Stuart D. Lee 1837: 1832: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1822:a word or two 1819: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1790: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1770: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1660:Olympian gods 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1596: 1590: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1538:Owen Barfield 1535: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1468: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1431: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1358: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1331: 1326: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1312:Frodo Baggins 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1140:was found by 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1045: 1041: 1034: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 981: 979: 975: 971: 963: 959: 955: 950: 946: 944: 943: 938: 934: 930: 926: 920: 918: 912: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 881:Undying Lands 878: 874: 869: 867: 863: 859: 849: 847: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 821: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 770: 768: 764: 755: 750: 746: 736: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 703: 700: 697: 696: 692: 687: 679: 676: 673: 672: 669: 668:Straight Road 665: 659: 651: 645: 642: 639: 636: 635: 628: 625:'s defeat in 624: 619:War of Wrath: 614: 611: 608: 607: 602: 599: 593: 584: 580: 577: 575: 572: 571: 568: 564: 558: 554: 543: 540:flees before 539: 531: 528: 526: 523: 522: 519:Valian Years 517: 513: 508: 505: 504: 500: 496: 490: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 458: 455: 451: 447: 443: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 390:Great Journey 387: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 331: 329: 326:(recalled by 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 289: 288:Blessed Realm 285: 280: 275: 265: 263: 262:Sea of Ringil 259: 255: 251: 248:in the West, 247: 242: 237: 235: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 207: 203: 198: 184: 180:Years of Arda 177: 175: 171: 167: 162: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 134: 130: 120: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 96: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 5498:Middle-earth 5469: 5462: 5455: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5413: 5406: 5399: 5392: 5385: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5357: 5350: 5343: 5336: 5329: 5322: 5315: 5234: 5227: 5220: 5213: 5199: 5192: 5188:Donald Swann 5167: 5153: 5144: 5135: 5129:Howard Shore 5120: 5068:Tove Jansson 5048:Jenny Dolfen 5038:Anke Eißmann 5010:Adaptations, 4989: 4982: 4906: 4723:Christianity 4718:Architecture 4624:Black Speech 4604:Family trees 4405:Tom Bombadil 4119: 4101: 4086: 4062: 4054: 4046: 4036: 4029: 4019: 4012: 4005: 3997: 3989: 3974: 3965:Middle-earth 3961: 3936: 3926: 3918: 3910: 3899: 3891: 3883: 3866: 3847: 3821: 3814: 3791: 3784: 3776: 3767:In Tolkien's 3734:Bibliography 3718:Middle-earth 3665: 3629: 3601: 3569: 3537: 3505: 3473: 3443: 3437: 3411: 3405: 3379: 3355: 3351:Shippey, Tom 3327: 3305:St. Martin's 3299: 3272: 3245: 3213: 3197:. Retrieved 3195:(PhD Thesis) 3164: 3137: 3110: 3082: 3053: 3026: 2998: 2995:Chance, Jane 2975:. New York: 2969: 2945: 2933:. Retrieved 2927: 2920:Auden, W. H. 2899: 2892:Flieger 1983 2887: 2880:Stanton 2001 2875: 2868:Purtill 2003 2863: 2854: 2848: 2838: 2826: 2819:Flieger 2001 2814: 2802: 2795:Flieger 2005 2790: 2778: 2771:Flieger 1983 2766: 2759:Flieger 1983 2754: 2742: 2735:Flieger 1983 2730: 2723:Flieger 1983 2703: 2673:Shippey 2005 2668: 2635: 2595: 2583: 2557:Tolkien 2001 2552: 2545:Tolkien 1986 2540: 2516:Tolkien 1996 2511: 2489:Tolkien 1996 2484: 2477:Tolkien 1955 2472: 2462:Tolkien 1955 2457: 2450:Tolkien 1996 2445: 2438:Tolkien 1980 2433: 2426:Tolkien 1955 2421: 2414:Tolkien 1955 2381:Tolkien 1977 2376: 2369:Tolkien 1980 2364: 2357:Tolkien 1955 2352: 2345:Tolkien 1955 2316:Tolkien 1977 2301:Tolkien 1977 2296: 2289:Tolkien 1977 2274:Tolkien 1977 2269: 2262:Tolkien 1977 2257: 2250:Tolkien 1977 2245: 2238:Tolkien 1977 2223:Tolkien 1993 2218: 2211:Tolkien 1993 2206: 2170:Tolkien 1977 2165: 2158:Tolkien 1977 2153: 2146:Tolkien 1977 2141: 2134:Tolkien 1977 2129: 2122:Tolkien 1977 2117: 2110:Tolkien 1977 2105: 2098:Tolkien 1977 2093: 2086:Tolkien 1993 2071:Tolkien 1977 2048:Tolkien 1977 2016: 2011: 2001: 1983: 1977: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1950: 1940: 1933:Middle-earth 1915: 1900: 1895: 1880: 1872: 1865: 1859: 1850:Silmarillion 1849: 1839: 1834: 1826: 1807: 1803: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1778: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1751: 1739: 1691: 1641: 1628: 1621: 1615: 1609: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1584: 1567: 1561: 1541: 1531: 1505: 1492: 1476: 1470: 1449: 1446:Silmarillion 1445: 1439: 1424: 1414: 1413:. Engraving 1383: 1367: 1363: 1361: 1353: 1333: 1325: 1289: 1285: 1273: 1263: 1261: 1241:Durin's folk 1205:Minas Morgul 1190: 1178:Minas Tirith 1123: 1119:Middle-earth 1100: 1068:Middle-earth 1061: 1047: 1021:Anduin River 982: 967: 940: 929:Eru Ilúvatar 921: 913: 870: 855: 829:River Sirion 822: 809: 805: 771: 766: 762: 760: 733:Middle-earth 720: 714: 557:Middle-earth 471:Middle-earth 464: 453: 449: 438: 420:'s two sons 383: 332: 319: 315: 300:Middle-earth 293: 250:Middle-earth 238: 221:Middle-earth 210: 205: 187:Valian Years 183: 173: 163: 139:Eru Ilúvatar 136: 97: 93:Middle-earth 89:Valian Years 64: 60: 50: 36: 5285:Video games 5270:Fan fiction 5248:Other media 5147:film series 5138:film series 5093:Ted Nasmith 4955:Prose style 4948:Shakespeare 4708:Anachronism 4280:Celebrimbor 3954:composition 3875:Ainulindalë 3746:Legendarium 3160:Garth, John 2904:Kocher 1974 2783:Chance 1980 2747:Chance 1980 2628:Kocher 1974 2052:Ainulindalë 1862:W. H. Auden 1527:fall of man 1511:Jane Chance 1477:Ainulindalë 1436:Christopher 1253:Easterlings 980:and Arnor. 909:Celebrimbor 866:Ringwraiths 725:Elves awoke 225:much larger 145:with them. 129:Ainulindalë 116:fall of man 77:Ainulindalë 57:legendarium 5487:Categories 5145:The Hobbit 5109:Bo Hansson 5083:Tom Loback 4976:Geographic 4901:Influences 4478:Lothlórien 4444:Third Age 4380:Glorfindel 4361:Third Age 4269:Characters 4205:Half-elven 3963:History of 3952:History of 3859:Posthumous 3778:The Hobbit 3606:. Boston: 3574:. Boston: 3542:. Boston: 3510:. Boston: 3478:. Boston: 3448:. Boston: 3416:. Boston: 2950:Hiley 2006 2831:Croft 2004 2807:Garth 2003 2602:"Prologue" 2574:, #154 to 2385:Akallabêth 2028:References 1996:and Arnor. 1990:Akallabêth 1818:Lothlorien 1761:, east of 1700:Prometheus 1611:Akallabêth 1572:John Garth 1525:, and the 1504:Christian 1494:Mythopoeia 1380:Later Ages 1341:Khazad-dûm 1322:Fourth Age 1265:The Hobbit 1197:Dol Guldur 1184:-realm of 1170:White Tree 1158:Wilderland 1111:Lothlórien 1076:Wainriders 905:Mount Doom 852:Second Age 644:Akallabêth 637:Second Age 532:First War: 442:Alqualondë 408:, and the 341:, and the 114:, and the 5308:criticism 5280:Calendars 5156:TV series 5152:Music of 5143:Music of 5134:Music of 5102:Composers 5063:John Howe 4960:Ambiguity 4943:Philology 4820:Modernism 4728:Cosmology 4614:Languages 4560:Silmarils 4508:The Shire 4498:Rivendell 4428:Beleriand 4385:Goldberry 4370:Galadriel 4355:Ungoliant 4310:Gil-galad 4300:Fingolfin 4237:Beornings 4215:Sundering 4178:Ancalagon 4120:Fictional 3628:(2001) . 3458:519647821 3404:(1954a). 3353:(2005) . 3211:(1974) . 3108:(2001) . 3005:Macmillan 2997:(1980) . 2661:West 2006 2609:Secondary 1929:Beleriand 1864:wrote in 1860:The poet 1759:Old World 1734:old words 1395:old words 1366:, called 1268:occur in 1225:the Shire 1186:the Shire 1174:Osgiliath 1164:and then 1096:Rivendell 1027:Third Age 993:Gil-galad 985:Barad-dûr 942:palantíri 897:Barad-dûr 877:Armenelos 846:Beleriand 841:Great Sea 825:Beleriand 782:Fingolfin 739:First Age 729:Cuiviénen 674:Third Age 627:Beleriand 598:Silmarils 592:Ungoliant 454:Telperion 446:Helcaraxë 434:Silmarils 430:Ungoliant 426:Fingolfin 328:Treebeard 316:Telperion 312:Two Trees 310:made the 258:Cuiviénen 211:When the 45:Baltistan 5306:Literary 5181:Settings 5078:Alan Lee 5033:Cor Blok 4928:Medieval 4889:Literary 4850:Paganism 4639:Sindarin 4609:Heraldry 4591:Elements 4583:Analysis 4553:One Ring 4538:Palantír 4483:Mirkwood 4468:Isengard 4453:Esgaroth 4247:Dúnedain 4242:Drúedain 4136:monsters 4122:universe 4028:1988–92 3973:1983–84 3783:1954-55 3769:lifetime 3664:(eds.). 3596:(1996). 3564:(1993). 3532:(1986). 3500:(1980). 3468:(1977). 3436:(1955). 3297:(1992). 3271:(2003). 3251:Palgrave 3243:(2005). 3162:(2003). 3136:(2005). 3080:(1983). 3025:(2004). 1910:Númenor. 1877:allegory 1794:Seventh. 1726:folklore 1684:Eurydice 1668:Poseidon 1656:Atlantis 1654:recalls 1606:Atlantis 1473:Catholic 1456:Analysis 1430:Ragnarök 1411:Ragnarök 1387:folklore 1355:land of 1233:Buckland 1138:One Ring 1115:Mirkwood 1080:Corsairs 1009:weregild 901:One Ring 864:and the 833:Eärendil 818:Gondolin 790:Maedhros 778:his sons 686:One Ring 565:move to 509:Duration 450:Laurelin 396:and the 320:Laurelin 314:, named 215:entered 110:of God, 71:entered 5020:Artists 4907:Beowulf 4795:Heroism 4780:Forests 4760:England 4755:Economy 4688:Tengwar 4673:Scripts 4656:Westron 4651:Valarin 4646:Khuzdul 4619:Adûnaic 4599:Artwork 4533:Mithril 4526:Objects 4513:Bag End 4438:Valinor 4433:Númenor 4395:Saruman 4375:Gandalf 4340:Thingol 4335:Morgoth 4320:Isildur 4290:Elendil 4227:Hobbits 4190:Dwarves 4173:Dragons 4159:Wizards 4154:Balrogs 4131:Peoples 4021:Lhammas 3982:Ælfwine 3751:Outline 3600:(ed.). 3568:(ed.). 3536:(ed.). 3504:(ed.). 3472:(ed.). 3426:9552942 3052:(ed.). 3031:Praeger 2959:Sources 2033:Primary 1925:Valinor 1763:the Sea 1757:of the 1688:Oedipus 1680:Orpheus 1652:Númenor 1608:-style 1374:Númenor 1347:in the 1296:Aragorn 1237:Dwarves 1221:Hobbits 1166:Eriador 1142:Sméagol 1134:Saruman 1130:Gandalf 1126:Wizards 1107:Valinor 1054:Númenor 997:Isildur 989:Elendil 958:Valinor 937:Isildur 933:Elendil 925:Númenor 889:Eregion 858:Númenor 814:Doriath 774:Balrogs 721:Eruhíni 664:Valinor 660:drowned 658:Númenor 623:Morgoth 567:Valinor 559:created 514:Events 414:Eldamar 351:Yavanna 343:Dwarves 308:Yavanna 304:Valinor 296:Almaren 234:Almaren 174:Avakúma 5255:Impact 5012:legacy 4933:Modern 4913:Celtic 4865:Quests 4855:Plants 4700:Themes 4683:Sarati 4634:Quenya 4629:Elvish 4488:Mordor 4458:Gondor 4417:Places 4400:Sauron 4390:Gollum 4365:Elrond 4330:Melian 4295:Fëanor 4259:Trolls 4210:Noldor 4195:Eagles 4074:Others 3676: 3642: 3614: 3582: 3550: 3518: 3486: 3456: 3424: 3390: 3367: 3339: 3311: 3283: 3257: 3225: 3199:3 July 3176: 3148: 3122: 3094: 3066: 3037: 3011: 2983: 2935:3 July 1994:Gondor 1945:years. 1732:, and 1730:legend 1696:Fëanor 1670:, and 1642:Among 1421:, 1882 1393:, and 1391:legend 1357:Lórien 1337:Erebor 1300:Gondor 1278:Sauron 1245:Erebor 1235:. The 1209:Mordor 1182:Hobbit 1162:Gondor 1150:Plague 1136:. The 1113:, and 1092:Elrond 1078:, and 1072:Gondor 1050:Sauron 1005:Elrond 1001:Narsil 978:Gondor 974:Mordor 917:Nazgûl 885:Sauron 786:Noldor 776:– but 701:~6,000 650:Sauron 542:Tulkas 538:Melkor 511:years 487:Fourth 479:Second 467:Noldor 422:Fëanor 410:Teleri 406:Noldor 404:, the 402:Vanyar 398:Sindar 394:Nandor 375:Melkor 353:, and 337:, the 335:Eagles 241:Melkor 147:Melkor 83:, the 59:, the 4938:Norse 4880:Trees 4830:Music 4810:Magic 4800:Light 4678:Cirth 4503:Rohan 4493:Moria 4463:Harad 4315:Húrin 4200:Elves 4183:Smaug 4166:Valar 4149:Maiar 4144:Ainur 4100:2021 4085:2007 4061:1996 4053:1994 4045:1993 4004:1987 3996:1986 3988:1985 3935:2022 3925:2018 3917:2017 3909:2007 3898:1990 3890:1981 3882:1980 3865:1977 3846:1962 3775:1937 3760:Works 3741:Canon 2020:them. 2006:...)" 1921:Valar 1887:Notes 1814:Arwen 1779:place 1746:Earth 1722:Earth 1698:with 1672:Manwë 1519:Satan 1506:Logos 1345:Gimli 1308:Arwen 1229:Thain 1217:Umbar 1103:Elves 691:Elves 677:3,021 640:3,441 578:1,500 563:Valar 529:3,500 499:Earth 483:Third 418:Finwë 386:Oromë 379:Maiar 367:awoke 363:Varda 347:Manwë 213:Valar 170:Earth 159:Elves 112:Satan 69:Ainur 5275:Film 4875:Time 4790:Hell 4770:Evil 4663:Maps 4448:Bree 4254:Orcs 4222:Ents 3674:ISBN 3640:ISBN 3612:ISBN 3580:ISBN 3548:ISBN 3516:ISBN 3484:ISBN 3454:OCLC 3422:OCLC 3388:ISBN 3365:ISBN 3337:ISBN 3309:ISBN 3281:ISBN 3255:ISBN 3223:ISBN 3201:2020 3174:ISBN 3146:ISBN 3120:ISBN 3092:ISBN 3064:ISBN 3035:ISBN 3009:ISBN 2981:ISBN 2937:2020 1931:and 1775:time 1682:and 1676:Zeus 1664:Ulmo 1316:Aman 1270:T.A. 1213:Orcs 1201:T.A. 1193:T.A. 1154:T.A. 1132:and 1124:The 1042:and 816:and 794:Orcs 747:and 555:and 553:Aman 506:Age 495:Arda 424:and 355:Aulë 339:Ents 246:Aman 229:Aulë 217:Arda 157:and 131:and 73:Arda 4232:Men 2383:, " 2050:, " 1988:, " 1438:in 1417:by 1257:Men 1239:of 1223:of 1094:in 1013:Orc 956:of 798:Men 727:in 612:590 497:as 469:to 204:'s 155:Men 55:'s 51:In 5489:: 3668:. 3660:; 3638:. 3634:. 3610:. 3578:. 3546:. 3514:. 3482:. 3452:. 3442:. 3420:. 3410:. 3386:. 3382:. 3363:. 3335:. 3331:. 3307:. 3303:. 3279:. 3275:. 3253:. 3249:. 3239:; 3221:. 3217:. 3191:. 3172:. 3168:. 3144:. 3140:. 3118:. 3114:. 3090:. 3086:. 3058:. 3033:. 3029:. 3007:. 3003:. 2979:. 2926:. 2911:^ 2855:15 2853:. 2847:. 2715:^ 2680:^ 2647:^ 2616:^ 2564:^ 2523:^ 2496:^ 2392:^ 2323:^ 2308:^ 2281:^ 2230:^ 2177:^ 2078:^ 2059:^ 2040:^ 1883:. 1806:, 1728:, 1548:. 1529:. 1483:. 1452:. 1389:, 1318:. 1276:, 1023:. 820:. 481:, 349:, 306:. 166:Eä 161:. 81:Eä 4133:, 3877:" 3873:" 3839:" 3835:" 3832:" 3828:" 3809:" 3805:" 3802:" 3798:" 3710:e 3703:t 3696:v 3682:. 3648:. 3620:. 3588:. 3556:. 3524:. 3492:. 3460:. 3428:. 3396:. 3373:. 3345:. 3317:. 3289:. 3263:. 3231:. 3203:. 3182:. 3154:. 3128:. 3100:. 3072:. 3043:. 3017:. 2989:. 2952:. 2939:. 2387:" 2054:" 1736:. 1035:. 964:. 719:( 646:: 34:. 20:)

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