History of Ukraine

3598: 5407: 2047: 3981: 5301: 2480: 5753:. National "pasts" were rewritten as social and national liberation for non-Russians, and social liberation for Russians, in a process that ended in 1917. Under Stalin, the state and its official historiography were given a distinct Russian character and a certain Russocentrism. Imperial history was rewritten such that non-Russian love caused an emulation and deference to "join" the Russian people by becoming part of the (tsarist) Russian state, and in return, Russian state interests were driven by altruism and concern for neighboring people. Russophile and Sovietophile schools have become marginalized in independent Ukraine, with the Ukrainophile school being dominant in the early 21st century. The Ukrainophile school promotes an identity that is mutually exclusive of Russia. It has come to dominate the nation's educational system, security forces, and national symbols and monuments, although it has been dismissed as nationalist by Western historians. The East Slavic school, an eclectic compromise between Ukrainophiles and Russophilism, has a weaker ideological and symbolic base, although it is preferred by Ukraine's centrist former elites. 4711: 4420: 1218: 1263: 4613: 2256: 4254:(NEP) to stabilize the economy. It represented a temporary retreat from pure socialist policies, allowing some elements of private enterprise and market mechanisms to function alongside state-controlled industries. The NEP had a mixed impact on Ukraine. On one hand, it allowed limited economic recovery, especially in agriculture and small-scale industry. Peasants were permitted to sell surplus products on the market, and small businesses could operate under certain conditions. On the other hand, large-scale industries remained under state control, and the heavy industrial sector, which Ukraine relied on, remained inefficient and slow to recover. While the NEP offered some relief to peasants, many remained suspicious of Soviet power, particularly after the harsh grain requisition policies during the civil war. Tensions between the peasantry and the Soviet regime continued to simmer. 3099: 1188: 1379: 3150: 4010: 5730:(1866–1934). The first serious challenge to the Russian view of Ukraine was Hrushevsky's 1904 article "The Traditional Scheme of 'Russian' History and the Problem of the Rational organization of the History of the Eastern Slavs". For the first time full-scale scholarly studies based on archival sources, modern research techniques, and modern historical theories became possible. However, the demands of government officials—Tsarist, to a lesser degree Austro-Hungarian and Polish, and later Soviet—made it difficult to disseminate ideas that ran counter to the central government. Therefore, exile schools of historians emerged in central Europe and Canada after 1920. 3319: 8470:. Quote: "The Great Famine (Holodomor) of 1932–33 – a man-made demographic catastrophe unprecedented in peacetime. Of the estimated six to eight million people who died in the Soviet Union, about four to five million were Ukrainians... Its deliberate nature is underscored by the fact that no physical basis for famine existed in Ukraine... Soviet authorities set requisition quotas for Ukraine at an impossibly high level. Brigades of special agents were dispatched to Ukraine to assist in procurement, and homes were routinely searched and foodstuffs confiscated... The rural population was left with insufficient food to feed itself." 3939: 4358:, derived from the Ukrainian words for "hunger" (holod) and "extermination" (moryty), was a man-made famine that resulted from the Soviet government's grain requisition policies and punitive measures against those who resisted collectivization. Millions of Ukrainians died from starvation during the Holodomor. Entire villages were decimated, and the event remains one of the most tragic episodes in Ukrainian history. The Soviet government denied the famine's existence and continued exporting grain during the crisis. The Holodomor not only devastated the rural population but also weakened 4555: 3482: 4953: 4881: 4734: 1983: 44: 2166: 1203: 3193: 4091: 1821: 3870: 5856:. After independence, a high priority in Canada was assisting in the freeing of Ukrainian scholarship from Soviet-Marxist orthodoxy—which downplayed Ukrainian nationalism and insisted that true Ukrainians were always trying to reunite with Russia. Independence from Moscow meant freedom from an orthodoxy that was never well suited to Ukrainian developments. Scholars in Ukraine welcomed the "national paradigm" that Canadian historians had helped develop. Since 1991, the study of Ukrainian 4270: 2329: 2302:, managed to maintain some semblance of unity during his reign (1125–1132). However, following his death, the principality fractured. The division of lands among Monomakh’s sons and other relatives led to the emergence of multiple competing power centers. The process of feudal fragmentation marked a turning point in the history of Rus', culminating in its eventual decline and the rise of smaller, more independent states. These would later evolve into the medieval powers of 3597: 1897: 2114: 8323: 5715:. The names chosen to refer to Ukraine and Ukrainians have often reflected a certain political position, and sometimes even to deny the existence of Ukrainian nationality. The Russian point-of-view of Ukrainian history became the prevailing one in Western academia, and although the bias was identified as early as the 1950s, many scholars of Slavic studies and history believe significant changes are still necessary to correct the Moscow-centric view. 4343: 2831: 5872: 552: 2895: 4801: 3311: 1590: 5627: 3799: 8791:Дисиденти. Антологія текстів / Упоряд.: О. Сінченко, Д. Стус, Л. Фінберг; Наук. ред. О. Сінченко. Національний університет «Києво-Могилянська академія», Центр досліджень історії та культури східноєвропейського єврейства, Центр європейських гуманітарних досліджень; Український католицький університет, Інститут релігії та суспільства. ‒ K.: Дух і Літера, 2018. ‒ 656 с. ‒ (БІБЛІОТЕКА СПРОТИВУ, БІБЛІОТЕКА НАДІЇ) 12233: 4339:. The Soviet regime responded with brutal force, seizing land, livestock, and grain, and deporting or executing those who resisted. Collectivization led to widespread chaos in rural areas. Agricultural output plummeted due to poor planning, lack of incentives, and resistance from the peasantry. The disruption of traditional farming practices and the state's requisition of grain exacerbated food shortages. 3391: 8315: 2208:, which established a foundation for legal governance in the state. Additionally, Yaroslav engaged in extensive marriage diplomacy, forming alliances by marrying off his daughters to European royalty. However, after Yaroslav’s death, Kievan Rus' began to fragment, as his sons divided the territory among themselves, leading to further internecine conflicts and the eventual decline of centralized power. 1128: 4197: 5406: 4934:—allies during the Orange Revolution—had become bitter enemies. Tymoshenko ran for president against both Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych, creating a three-way race. Yushchenko, whose popularity had plummeted, persisted in running, and many pro-Orange voters stayed home. In the second round of the election, Yanukovych won the run-off ballot with 48% to Tymoshenko's 45%. 2046: 8753:Командував нею заступник міністра внутрішніх справ УРСР Микола Дятлов. Місце дислокації штабу операції — Львів. До виконання операції були залучені: оперсклад МГБ — 6859 осіб, збройні сили (солдати внутрішніх військ МГБ і корпус охорони МГБ, особовий склад МВД і прикордонних військ, «стрибки»)— 46 509, радянський партактив — 15 556, армійські шофери — 1227 осіб 2005:, who was not yet of age to rule. Olga is best known for her calculated and fierce retaliation against the Drevlians. Her campaign of revenge culminated in the annexation of their lands into the expanding domain of Kievan Rus'. Olga also implemented significant reforms in governance, particularly by overhauling the tribute collection system known as 8773:История сталинского Гулага. Конец 1920-х — первая половина 1950-х годов: Собрание документов в 7 томах. — Т. 6: Восстания, бунты и забастовки заключённых Архивная копия от 1 апреля 2024 на Wayback Machine / Ответственный редактор и составитель В. А. Козлов; Составитель О. В. Лавинская. — М.: РОССПЭН, 2004. — 736 с. 2383:, transforming most of the Rus' principalities into tributary states. Under Mongol rule, the Rus' were required to pay heavy taxes and submit to Mongol authority. The invasion severely stunted the region's political, cultural, and economic development, and the effects of Mongol domination reverberated for centuries. Despite its devastation, the 1967:. The collected tribute (furs, honey, hides, wax, slaves) was mainly exported to Byzantium, and the proceeds were spent on purchasing weapons, luxury items, and wine, which made up the core of imports. When trade conditions no longer satisfied the prince, he launched an unsuccessful campaign against Constantinople in 941, which led to a new 4297:. Although Ukrainization was relatively successful in the 1920s, by the end of the decade, Stalin's regime began to reverse this policy, with a focus on Russian centralization. The coming years would see a crackdown on Ukrainian nationalism and culture as part of Stalin’s larger efforts to solidify control over the Soviet republics. 4075:

Poles and the anarchists – operated on its territory. Kiev changed hands five times in less than a year. Cities and regions were cut off from each other by the numerous fronts. Communications with the outside world broke down almost completely. The starving cities emptied as people moved into the countryside in their search for food.

7194:Самсонова М. Н. Рогволод и Рогнеда: скандинавские корни полоцкой княжеской династии // Alba Ruscia: белорусские земли на перекрестке культур и цивилизаций (X—XVI вв.) (Серия «Исторические исследования».) — М.: Квадрига, 2015. /Отв. ред. А. В. Мартынюк. — 256 с. — С. 25—26. 5769:

argues that looking beyond the country's national history has made possible a richer understanding of Ukraine, its people, and the surrounding regions. since 2015, there has been renewed interest in integrating a "territorial-civic" and "linguistic-ethnic" history of Ukraine. For example, the history

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in 1245 ended internal conflicts and firmly secured his control over the state. By 1246, Daniel was compelled to recognize Mongol supremacy to safeguard his state. Though this submission was humiliating, it allowed Daniel to retain some degree of autonomy, provided he paid tribute to the Mongol khan.

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was notably weakening. Regional princes, bolstered by local resources and armies, began to resist central control. Additionally, the vast geography and economic diversity of Rus' impeded unity, as various regions developed their own trade routes and systems. External threats from nomadic groups, such

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The feudal fragmentation of Kievan Rus' began in the late 11th century, driven by a complex interplay of internal and external factors. One significant contributor was the rotational succession system, which allowed power to pass among male relatives rather than following a direct line from father to

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Vladimir reformed local governance by abolishing the traditional tribal autonomies and installing his own appointed governors, further centralizing his authority. Under his rule, Kiev emerged as one of the wealthiest commercial centers in Europe during the 10th and 11th centuries, benefiting from its

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Knowledge about Ukraine in other parts of the world came chiefly from Russian secondary sources until relatively recently. After the second half of the seventeenth century, when Muscovy and later the Russian Empire came to control much of Ukrainian territory, Russian writers included Ukraine as part

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Throughout the 1930s, Stalin’s regime was marked by increasing paranoia and a desire to eliminate any perceived threats to his power. This led to widespread political repression, which affected all levels of society in Ukraine. The purges targeted Ukrainian intellectuals, artists, political leaders,

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declared the unification of the two republics into a single Ukrainian state. However, this unification was largely symbolic and did not result in significant military coordination or support, as both republics were preoccupied with their own military struggles: the UPR against the Bolsheviks and the

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Vladimir's rule also saw administrative, monetary, and military reforms. He appointed governors and entrusted his sons with ruling major cities, minted his own gold and silver coins, and granted borderlands to loyal vassals in exchange for military defense. To protect the realm, Vladimir oversaw the

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Since 1991, officials, members of parliament and businessmen have created complex and highly lucrative schemes to plunder the state budget. The theft has crippled Ukraine. The economy was as large as Poland's at independence, now it is a third of the size. Ordinary Ukrainians have seen their living

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were leaders promoting Ukrainian studies in Canadian academe. The lack of independence in Ukraine meant that traditional historiographical emphases on diplomacy and politics were handicapped. The flourishing of social history after 1960 opened many new approaches for researchers in Canada; Subtelny

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In 1919 total chaos engulfed Ukraine. Indeed, in the modern history of Europe no country experienced such complete anarchy, bitter civil strife, and total collapse of authority as did Ukraine at this time. Six different armies – those of the Ukrainians, the Bolsheviks, the Whites, the Entente , the

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Between 1917 and 1920, several entities that aspired to be independent Ukrainian states came into existence. This period, however, was extremely chaotic, characterized by revolution, international and civil war, and lack of strong central authority. Many factions competed for power in the area that

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Many prominent figures were subjected to show trials, where they were forced to confess to fabricated charges of treason, espionage, or nationalist activities before being executed. The purges created an atmosphere of fear and suspicion, stifling intellectual and cultural life. The loss of so many

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dictating policy in Ukraine. Despite the relative cultural freedom of Ukrainization, any political opposition to the Soviet regime was harshly repressed. Former nationalists, intellectuals, and opponents of Soviet power were marginalized, and any movement toward true Ukrainian autonomy was quickly

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Vladimir Monomakh, who served as Grand Prince of Kiev from 1113 to 1125, is remembered as one of Kievan Rus' most capable leaders. He ascended the throne amid internal strife and external threats, yet worked diligently to stabilize the fragmented territories of Rus'. Monomakh's reign was marked by

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at the time, covering over 800,000 square kilometers and boasting a population of more than 5 million. The socio-economic structure of Kievan Rus' was similar to that of other European states of the period, characterized by a natural economy, communal land ownership, and reliance on slash-and-burn

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in 882, killed Askold and Dir, and took control of the Kiev state. This narrative contains several errors (for example, the year of the raid on Constantinople is incorrectly dated as 867) and does not align with archaeological evidence, which confirms the establishment of Novgorod only in the 10th

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With the signing of the Treaty of Riga, the UPR government went into exile, primarily in Poland and other European countries. Ukrainian leaders continued their efforts to advocate for Ukrainian independence in the international arena, but without a territorial base or significant military forces,

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After being driven out of Kyiv by Bolshevik forces in early 1919, the UPR government, led by Symon Petliura, continued to resist Bolshevik advances and Polish encroachment. By 1920, facing insurmountable odds and a deteriorating military position, Petliura sought an alliance with Poland. In April

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The conflict began with intense fighting in Lviv, where Polish paramilitary groups resisted Ukrainian control. Despite initial successes by the Ukrainian forces, the Polish Army, supported by the Entente Powers, gained the upper hand. By mid-1919, Polish forces launched a major offensive, and the

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The rise in national consciousness arose in the 19th century, with representation of the intelligentsia declining among the nobles and increasing towards commoners and peasants, they saw a process of nation-building to improve national rights and social justice but was uncovered soon after by the

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The joint Polish-Ukrainian campaign initially achieved some success, including the temporary recapture of Kyiv in May 1920. However, the Bolshevik counter-offensive soon pushed back the allied forces. The situation for the UPR became even more precarious when Poland sought a peace agreement with

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and its Christian identity, while still adhering to the Orthodox faith. The crowning also carried the hope of an anti-Mongol alliance, though such a coalition never materialized due to political divisions in Western Europe. Daniel was also a visionary urban planner, founding numerous cities that

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In the early Soviet years, there was a strong emphasis on rebuilding Ukraine's war-ravaged economy. Ukraine was a critical industrial center, especially in coal, steel, and machinery production. While some infrastructure was rebuilt, economic challenges remained due to the inefficiency of state

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control and the lingering effects of war. Ukraine, being an agriculturally rich region, faced difficulties as the peasants were subjected to state control over grain production. Despite the NEP, rural areas continued to suffer from poverty, which would later fuel resistance to Soviet policies.

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After 1991, historical memory was a powerful tool in the political mobilization and legitimation of the post-Soviet Ukrainian state, as well as the division of selectively used memory along the lines of the political division of Ukrainian society. Ukraine did not experience the restorationist

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peninsula is now integrated into Ukrainian school history. This is part of the constitutionally mandated "people of Ukraine" rather than "Ukrainian people". Slowly, the histories of Poles and Jews are also being reintegrated. However, due to the current political climate caused by territorial

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reclaimed the throne in 1238. Daniel successfully restored his father's state, including Kiev. In 1240, the Mongol Empire, led by Batu Khan, unleashed devastating invasions across Kievan Rus’. Cities like Kiev were sacked, leaving much of the region in ruins. Daniel's decisive victory at the

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for up to 90 days during any 180-day period on 11 June 2017, and the Association Agreement formally came into effect on 1 September 2017. Significant achievements in the foreign policy arena include support for anti-Russian sanctions, obtaining a visa-free regime with the countries of the

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relative unity, achieved through efforts to reduce feuds among princes and strengthen central authority. His military successes, particularly against the Polovtsy (Cumans), secured the region's borders. Diplomatically, he forged strong ties with Europe, notably through his marriage to

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is today’s Ukraine, and not all groups desired a separate Ukrainian state. Ultimately, Ukrainian independence was short-lived, as most Ukrainian lands were incorporated into the Soviet Union and the remainder, in western Ukraine, was divided among Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Romania.

7217: 8529:[The vastly disproportionate number of Ukrainian victims raises the question whether the Soviet leadership was targeting not just the peasants in general with the famine it caused, but specifically the Ukrainian peasants and thereby the foundations of the Ukrainian nation.] 7319: 4369:

aimed at rapidly industrializing the Soviet Union. Ukraine, with its rich natural resources and strategic location, was a key focus of these plans. Ukraine became a major center for heavy industry, particularly in coal mining, steel production, and machine building. Cities like

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Der weit überproportionale Anteil an ukrainischen Opfern wirft die Frage auf, ob die sowjetische Führung mit der von ihr herbeigeführten Hungersnot nicht nur allgemein die Bauern, sondern spezifisch die ukrainischen Bauern und damit die Basis der ukrainischen Nation treffen

5108:. As of February 2019, Ukraine minimized its participation in the Commonwealth of Independent States to a critical minimum and effectively completed its withdrawal. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine did not ratify the accession, i.e. Ukraine has never been a member of the CIS. 4999:

Following the violence, the Ukrainian parliament on 22 February voted to remove Yanukovych from power (on the grounds that his whereabouts were unknown and he thus could not fulfil his duties), and to free Yulia Tymoshenko from prison. On the same day, Yanukovych supporter

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managed to produce 20% of world production of wheat and 80% of the empire's sugar. Later, industrialization arrived with the first railway track constructed in 1866. Ukraine's economy by now was integrated into the Russian imperial system and it saw much urban development.

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In the runoff election, Yanukovych officially won by a narrow margin, but Yushchenko and his supporters alleged that vote rigging and intimidation cost him many votes, especially in eastern Ukraine. A political crisis erupted after the opposition started massive street

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During the 18th century, Russian tsarist rule over central Ukraine gradually replaced "protection". Sporadic Cossack uprisings were now aimed at the Russian authorities, but eventually petered out by the late 18th century. After the victory of the Russian Empire in the

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calls a prince. The Chronicle's information about the governance of the state during this time is considered more reliable. The princely retinue played a significant role in governance, accompanying rulers on campaigns and collecting tribute from the conquered local

4781:, when the communist Supreme Soviet (parliament) of Ukraine proclaimed that Ukraine would no longer follow the laws of USSR and only the laws of the Ukrainian SSR, de facto declaring Ukraine's independence from the Soviet Union. On 1 December, voters approved a 5300: 8561:Українська література XX століття: навч.-метод. посіб. для студентів 2-го курсу, які навчаються за спец. 035 — Філологія (заоч. форма) / Нар. укр. акад., каф. українознавства; упоряд. О. В. Слюніна. — Харків: Вид-во НУА, 2018. — 128 с. 3832:, who were rapidly consolidating power in Russia, viewed Ukraine as a critical territory for their revolutionary ambitions. As a result, they launched military campaigns to assert control over Ukrainian lands, leading to a series of conflicts with UPR forces. 3685:

and consisted mainly of the peasantry (95%) with the remainder being priestly families. The Galician nobility were majoritively Poles or Polonized Ukrainians. Development here lagged behind Russian-ruled Ukraine and was one of the poorest regions in Europe.

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The Hetmanate sought to restore order, promote economic development, and implement agricultural reforms. However, its pro-German stance and authoritarian policies alienated many Ukrainians, including nationalists, socialists, and peasant groups. As the

2593:. The Genoese colonies were well fortified, and there were garrisons in the fortresses and were used by the Genoese republic mainly for the purpose of dominating trade in the Black Sea. Genoa's dominance in the region would last until the 15th century. 8800:

Bociurkiw В. R. Religious Situation in the Soviet Ukraine. A paper presented at a Symposium marking the 30th anniversary of the Ukrainian Quarterly in Doc. 1974.Koszeliwec I. Kronika ukrainskiego oporu. Kultura. № 1 — 2 (328 —

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Following the death of Yaroslav the Wise, his sons divided the lands among themselves, significantly contributing to political fragmentation. Although his succession plan aimed to prevent conflict, it ultimately sowed the seeds of feudal division. The

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Ukrainian culture had great influence on the Russian tsardom after Ukraine's incorporation. At the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century, the "Ukrainian school" dominated Russian literature. Ukrainian-born clerics such as

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was a common occurrence among the Slavic population, but the mass exodus of Ukrainian intellectuals escaping from Russian repression in Eastern Ukraine, as well as the intervention of Austrian authorities, caused the movement to be replaced by

3958:, and implemented social and economic reforms. However, the proclamation of the WUPR and its claim over Eastern Galicia led to immediate conflict with the newly re-established Polish state, which also laid claim to the region, leading to the 2039:, which would strengthen his strategic position in southeastern Europe. However, his Balkan ambitions were thwarted after a Byzantine counterattack. In 972, while returning from his Balkan campaign, Sviatoslav was ambushed and killed by the 2154:, securing a strong relationship between the church and state. Unlike the earlier attempts of his grandmother, Princess Olga, Vladimir’s reforms had a lasting impact, deeply influencing the religious and cultural development of the region. 2073:, Sviatoslav’s younger son, fled to avoid being caught in the conflict. However, after Oleg’s death, he returned with a Varangian army. By 980, Vladimir defeated Yaropolk and consolidated his power, becoming the sole ruler of Kievan Rus’. 2011:. This new structure made revenue collection more systematic and centralized, reducing the likelihood of rebellion by ensuring a smoother distribution of power. In a landmark decision, Olga became the first ruler of Kievan Rus' to embrace 2479: 4408:) in remote regions of the Soviet Union. The intelligentsia, who had been initially encouraged during the Ukrainization period, were now seen as a threat to Soviet ideology. During the repressions of the second half of the 1930s, the 3901:, and other Ukrainian leaders, launched a successful revolt against the Hetmanate. By December 1918, Skoropadskyi had abdicated, and the Ukrainian State was dissolved, leading to the restoration of the Ukrainian People's Republic. 5613:. Russia's invasion of the country damaged Ukraine's economy and future prospects of improvement to such an extent, that the GDP of the country was projected to shrink by as much as 35% in its first year alone after the invasion. 2069:, Sviatoslav’s second son, governed the Drevlian lands, and the rivalry between him and Yaropolk escalated into open warfare. During one of their clashes around 977, Oleg was killed, further intensifying the conflict. Initially, 5418:, NewsOne and ZIK. The decision of the National Security and Defense Council and the Presidential Decree of 19 February 2021 imposed sanctions on 8 individuals and 19 legal entities, including Putin's pro-Russian politician and 7103:Извлеченіе изъ древнихъ Русскихъ л?тописей / Отделъ І. Изв?стія л?тописные // Сборникъ матеріаловъ для исторической топографіи Кіева и его окрестностей. — К. : типографія Е. Я. Федорова, 1874. — С. 16. 5756:

Many historians in recent years have sought alternatives to national histories, and Ukrainian history invited approaches that looked beyond a national paradigm. Multiethnic history recognises the numerous peoples in Ukraine;

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were marked by scandals in their work. Judicial reform was combined with the appointment of old, compromised judges. The investigation of crimes against Maidan residents was delayed. In order to counteract the massive global

2372:. The Mongols first attacked the eastern regions of state, they used superior siege tactics, overwhelming local defenses. Between 1239 and 1240, the Mongols shifted their focus to the southern territories. In 1240, they laid 7155: 5811:(which includes the production of history textbooks and the authorization of commemorative practices) has remained fragmented and tailored to reflect the ideological anxieties and concerns of individual regions of Ukraine. 3371:, although de jure Crimea was recognized as independent. Also it was from this fortress at the end of May 1775 that 8 cavalry regiments, 10 infantry regiments, 20 hussar squadrons, 17 pike squadrons and 13 squadrons of the 2275:, sought to settle disputes and clarify the inheritance of principalities. This agreement formalized the division of Kievan Rus' into regional hereditary principalities, effectively legalizing the fragmentation. The adage 9433: 5270:

that Ukraine would become a member of the Alliance with the Membership Action Plan (MAP) as an integral part of the process and Ukraine's right to determine its own future and foreign policy without outside interference.

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outlawed Ukrainian-language publications outright, as well as the import of texts published abroad in Ukrainian, the use of Ukrainian in theatrical productions and public readings, the use of Ukrainian in schools. The

2856:. The period immediately following the creation of the Commonwealth saw a huge revitalisation in colonisation efforts. Many new cities and villages were founded and links between different Ukrainian regions, such as 2223:

son. This system often sparked conflicts, as competing claims to power emerged. As princes were frequently granted specific territories, the rise of autonomous principalities became evident. Regional cities such as

4431:, tens of thousands people were abducted by the Soviet security forces, who were later subjected to torture and killed. All of them were sentenced to death on fabricated cases. Their bodies were secretly buried in 2015:

around 957 during a diplomatic visit to Constantinople. However, despite her conversion, the state under her rule remained predominantly pagan, with Christianity gaining influence only later under her descendants.

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sovereignty breaches by Russia, the role of Russians as "co-host" has been greatly minimized, and there are still unresolved difficult issues of the past, for example, the role of Ukrainians during the Holodomor.

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on Crimean reunification with Russia were reported as showing a large majority in favor of the proposition, the vote was organized under Russian military occupation and was denounced by the European Union and the

3825:, led by prominent Ukrainian political figures, initially sought autonomy within a federated Russia. However, as political instability in Russia deepened, the UPR declared full independence on January 22, 1918. 2177:

Despite these accomplishments, after Vladimir's death in 1015, Kievan Rus' entered a turbulent period of internal strife, as his sons fought for control. This era of internecine conflict lasted until 1019, when

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On 19 May 2018, Poroshenko signed a Decree which put into effect the decision of the National Security and Defense Council on the final termination of Ukraine's participation in the statutory bodies of the

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became an increasingly global and collaborative enterprise, with scholars from Ukraine studying and working in Canada, and with conferences on related topics attracting scholars from around the world.

5047:, and better recognition of the need to overcome extremely difficult tasks within the country. However, the old local authorities did not want any changes; they were cleansed of anti-Maidan activists ( 4214: 6127: 4574:

in some cases and to a certain extent, remaining a part of the Soviet Union at the same time. In particular, these amendments allowed the Ukrainian SSR to become one of the founding members of the

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Simultaneously, a separate Ukrainian state emerged in the western part of the country. The West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR) was proclaimed on October 19, 1918, following the collapse of the

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launched a campaign of forced collectivization across the Soviet Union, including Ukraine. The policy aimed to consolidate individual peasant farms into large, state-controlled collective farms (

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Prat, Sandrine; Péan, Stéphane C.; Crépin, Laurent; Drucker, Dorothée G.; Puaud, Simon J.; Valladas, Hélène; Lázničková-Galetová, Martina; van der Plicht, Johannes; et al. (17 June 2011).

10070: 11505:(Yale University Press; 2014) 331 pp.; Studies the ideology and legacy of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists Especially by Dmytro Dontsov, Olena Teliha, Leonid Mosendz, Oleh Olzhych, 5247:. Association Trio is tripartite format for the enhanced cooperation, coordination, and dialogue between the three countries (that have signed the Association Agreement with the EU) with the 7758: 9781: 8694: 1217: 3262: 2741:

migrated to the region, forcing Ukrainians out of positions of power they shared with Lithuanians, with more Ukrainians being forced into Central Ukraine as a result of Polish migration,

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As a result of this invasion, Kievan Rus' was extensively destroyed, depopulated, and fragmented. Following their conquest, the Mongols established dominion over the region through the

2807:, exporting about 2 million slaves from Russia and Ukraine over the period 1500–1700. It remained a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire until 1774, when it was finally dissolved by the 6128:

R. Garba, V. Usyk, L. Ylä-Mella, J. Kameník, K. Stübner, J. Lachner, G. Rugel, F. Veselovský, N. Gerasimenko, A. I. R. Herries, J. Kučera, M. F. Knudsen, J. D. Jansen (6 March 2024).

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was elected president in the first round of the presidential election. By the second half of 2015, independent observers noted that reforms in Ukraine had considerably slowed down,

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and history were promoted to win over the local population and intellectual elite. Ukrainization allowed a degree of cultural revival after years of Russian dominance in Ukraine.

3515:

greatly impacted Ukrainians as 42% of them were serfs. During the late 19th century, heavy taxes, rapid population growth and lack of land impoverished the peasantry. However the

5240: 6681:М. Грушевський – "Історія України". Том І, розділ IV, Велике слов'янське розселення: Історія Антів, їх походи, війна з Словянами, боротьба з Аварами, останні звістки, про Антів 1931:

Scholars associate the state-building processes in the Middle Dnieper region with the emergence of the well-known trade route from Scandinavia to Constantinople, known as the "

5567: 5559: 4636:

in 1947 during the Operation "West" (The report refers to 77,791 people: 18,866 men, 35,685 women and 23,240 minors), who later raised three major uprisings, one of them (the

9145: 2357:'s westward expansion. The Polovtsians, who had family ties with the Rus' princes, turned to Rus' for help. A joint Rus'-Polovtsian force marched into the steppes, where the 2295:, which offers insights on governance, morality, and leadership. His reign is often regarded as one of the last periods of unity before Rus' descended further into division. 2023:, a once-dominant regional power that had controlled key trade routes for centuries. The fall of the Khazars opened the door for Kievan Rus’ to extend its influence into the 1893:

century. Therefore, modern historians believe that the stories about the 9th century presented in the chronicle are highly questionable and likely constructed by the author.

12060:

National history as cultural process: a survey of the interpretations of Ukraine's past in Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian historical writing from the earliest times to 1914

4172: 7296:[Archaeological studies have shown that Svisloch, 100 km southeast of Minsk, was subjected to the Mongol invasion of 1237–1240.]. 26 August 2011. Archived from 5185:, the party's chairman, was elected speaker of parliament. The majority was able to form a government on 29 August on its own, without forming coalitions, and approved 3664:

where they found themselves in the pawn position of the Russian–Austrian power struggle for Central and Southern Europe. Unlike in Russia, most of the elite that ruled

5598: 5051:), but only in part. The fight against corruption was launched, but was limited to sentences of petty officials and electronic declarations, and the newly established 4710: 4651:

gained momentum more actively than in the rest of the USSR.{{It was here that the largest number of people with other political views were imprisoned or suffered from

4209: 2202:

in Kiev, marking a significant step in the independence of the Kievan church. Yaroslav’s reign was also notable for the introduction of the first written legal code —

4500:

that fought both Soviet forces and the Nazis. Others collaborated with the Germans. The pro-Polish trend in the Ukrainian national movement, declaring loyalty to the

3561:

Russian government, fearing separatism, imposed strict limits on attempts to elevate the Ukrainian language and culture, even banning its use and study: in 1863, the

10140: 10009: 2506:

Despite this subjugation, Daniel remained determined to free Ruthenia from Mongol dominance. He sought support from Western Europe, forging diplomatic ties with the

4293:. The focus was moving toward heavy industrialization and forced collectivization, setting the stage for the dramatic and tragic events of the 1930s, including the 4985: 4516:

of Ukrainians into Polish culture dominated. Some 1.5 million Jews were murdered by the Nazis during their occupation. In Volhynia, Ukrainian fighters committed a

790:

later in 1709, there was a diminishment in Hetmanate power, culminating with the disestablishment of the Cossack Hetmanate in the 1760s and the destruction of the

12215: 12205: 7986: 4419: 4042:

in March 1921. The treaty effectively partitioned Ukraine, leaving most of its territory under Soviet control and the western parts under Polish administration.

3445: 3351:. All their documents (more than 30,000), weapons and valuables testifying to the history of Ukraine in the 16th-18th centuries were kept for a long time in the 2019:

Sviatoslav, having become the ruler of Kievan Rus’, began an active expansionist military campaign. His most notable achievement was the decisive defeat of the

5819:

In Soviet Ukraine, twentieth-century historians were strictly limited in the range of models and topics they could cover, with Moscow insisting on an official

5591: 4591: 4412:

destroyed most of the representatives of the then Ukrainian intelligentsia. Some of the artists were sent to Gulag camps, while others were driven to suicide.

4239:, theater, and arts experienced significant growth, and schools began teaching in the Ukrainian language. However, this policy was carefully controlled by the 4797:

the Union in accordance with the Soviet Constitution. With this, Ukraine's independence was formalized de jure and recognized by the international community.

3966:

Ukrainian Galician Army was forced to retreat. By July 1919, WUPR forces had crossed into UPR territory, effectively ending the WUPR as an independent state.

2186:

until 1036, Yaroslav presided over what is often regarded as the golden age of Kievan Rus'. One of Yaroslav’s key achievements was his decisive defeat of the

1872:), which was written no earlier than the 11th century. In its "legendary" part, it narrates the Rus' raid on Constantinople and the formation of a state with 13769: 7753: 5840:

model. Later historiographical trends were quickly adapted to the Ukrainian evidence, with special focus on Ukrainian nationalism. The new cultural history,

5403:

was still in a deep crisis. By December 2015, more than 9,100 people had died (largely civilians) in the war in Donbas, according to United Nations figures.

4624:, the Soviet government confiscated the entire crop from the peasants, but the western regions were less affected by the famine due to the resistance of the 4529: 2468:

Rivalry between the rulers of these principalities often revolved around efforts to assert dominance over one another. This conflict was finally resolved by

390: 10124: 9691:"Brussels Summit Communiqué issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Brussels 14 June 2021" 12219: 12209: 8676: 7685: 6385:

The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, ISBN 0-19-860641-9,"page 1515,"The Thracians were subdued by the Persians by 516"

3355:, which was then the main headquarters of the Imperial Russian Army in Ukraine, until they were evacuated to Kyiv in 1918. This fortress repelled the last 1187: 10331: 4789:. The Soviet Union formally ceased to exist on 26 December, when the presidents of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia (the founding members of the USSR) met in 4030:

was signed, under which the UPR agreed to recognize Polish control over Western Ukraine in exchange for Polish military support against the Bolsheviks.

1262: 12473: 5547: 5096:

and propaganda media. In 2017, the president signed the law "On Education", which met with opposition from national minorities, and quarreled with the

4873:, the incumbent Prime Minister, supported by both Kuchma and by the Russian Federation, wanted closer ties with Russia. The main opposition candidate, 4517: 2143: 927: 405: 8782:Макарова А. Б. Норильское восстание // «Воля»: журнал узников тоталитарных систем. — 1993. — № 1. — С. 68—108. 4612: 1876:

as its capital in the second half of the 9th century. The chronicle, in particular, mentions the names of the leaders of the raid on Constantinople —

8134: 8105: 6769: 5852:, allowed for multiple angles of approach. By 1991, historians in Canada had freely explored a wide range of approaches regarding the emergence of a 4923:

with Russia caused shortages in many European countries that were reliant on Ukraine as a transit country. A compromise was reached in January 2006.

4652: 2476:. Roman's consolidation of power laid the groundwork for the rise of the Galicia–Volhynia, which became a significant political force in the region. 899: 4520:

against up to 100,000 Polish civilians. Residual small groups of the UPA-partizans acted near the Polish and Soviet border as long as to the 1950s.

3828:

The fledgling UPR faced numerous challenges from the start, including internal political divisions, economic instability, and external threats. The

3379:

left to the Sich, which was defended by the garrison 3,000 Cossaks. On June 15 Sitch was completely destroyed, the last leader of the Zaporozhians,

10638: 10317: 6175: 5579: 4965: 989: 756: 9778: 8456: 3359:

to Ukraine and played an important role in the victory over the Turks in 1774, as a result of this war, Russian Empire conquered the coast of the

2409:. Its rulers continued the political and cultural legacy of Kiev, preserving the traditions and governance of the Rus' state even as Kiev fell to 2065:

after his father’s death and pursued the consolidation of power across the vast territory, which led to conflicts with his brothers. At the time,

11645:

Narvselius, Eleonora. "The 'Bandera Debate': The Contentious Legacy of World War II and Liberalization of Collective Memory in Western Ukraine",

11637: 11607: 11145: 11003: 10074: 8702: 5467: 5189:

as prime minister. On 4 March 2020, due to a 1.5% drop in GDP (instead of a 4.5% increase at the time of the election), the Verkhovna Rada fired

5008:, who was subsequently installed as interim President. Yanukovych had fled Kyiv, and subsequently gave a press conference in the Russian city of 4401:

and anyone accused of harboring nationalist sentiments. The goal was to eliminate any potential sources of dissent or opposition to Soviet rule.

4261:(CPU) became a key instrument in enforcing Soviet policies and maintaining order. Political power was highly centralized, with decisions made in 3449: 3356: 1712:

raid in 602 and the collapse of the Antes Union, most of these peoples survived as separate tribes until the beginning of the second millennium.

958:

from Russia. Nevertheless, political repressions against poets, historians and other intellectuals continued, as in all other parts of the USSR.

3185:, which divided Ukrainian territory between the Commonwealth and Russia. Under Russia, the Cossacks initially retained official autonomy in the 1652:

Union (a tribal federation) is generally regarded to have been located in the territory of what is now Ukraine. The Antes were the ancestors of

12520: 10815: 10738: 9553: 9479:"Президент підписав Указ про остаточне припинення участі України у статутних органах СНД — Офіційне інтернет-представництво Президента України" 9181: 7586: 5316: 5291: 4054: 2772:, and it is one of the earliest known uprisings of Ukrainians against Polish oppression. These rebellions saw the capture of several cities of 2612:(modern day Beijing), the only Catholic presence in the Mongol lands. For a few centuries it was the main see over an area from the Balkans to 1044: 1013: 453: 9094: 6376:

Joseph Roisman, Ian Worthington. "A companion to Ancient Macedonia" John Wiley & Sons, 2011. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7 pp 135–138, pp 343–345

4227:" as part of its broader strategy to strengthen support for the Soviet regime in non-Russian republics. This policy encouraged the use of the 2871:; Polish peasants arrived in great numbers and quickly became mixed with the local population; during this time, most Ukrainian nobles became 888:. It is estimated that 6 to 8 million people died from hunger in the Soviet Union during this period, of whom 4 to 5 million were Ukrainians. 9890: 5120: 4666:, which occurred on 26 April 1986, when a nuclear plant exploded. The fallout contaminated large areas of northern Ukraine and even parts of 4085: 4046:

their influence was limited. Symon Petliura, a key figure in the UPR, continued his political activities in exile until his assassination in

2559:. These urban centers not only revitalized the kingdom's economy but also helped Daniel consolidate his political authority over the region. 974: 8959: 6702: 6198: 4404:

The Great Purge reached its peak between 1936 and 1938. In Ukraine, thousands were arrested, tortured, and executed or sent to labor camps (

2255: 10613: 9046: 9004: 7294:"Археологические исследования показали, что Свислочь в 100 км юго-восточнее Минска была подвергнута монгольскому нашествию 1237—1240 годов" 5539: 4606: 4143: 3169:, in order to leave the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, sought a treaty of protection with Russia in 1654. This agreement was known as the 580: 12000: 9249: 13196: 13113: 9708: 6957: 10879: 10832:

See Andriy Portnov, "Exercises with history Ukrainian style (notes on public aspects of history's functioning in post-Soviet Ukraine),"

7478: 3764:

ones, people of Ukraine were caught in the middle. Between 1917 and 1919, several separate Ukrainian republics manifested independence,

9982: 5733:

Strikingly different interpretations of the medieval state of Kievan Rus' appear in the four schools of historiography within Ukraine:

5275: 5052: 1732:. At the end of the 7th century, most Bulgar tribes migrated in several directions and the remains of their state were absorbed by the 12108:

Integrating Scholarship on Ukraine into Classroom SyllabiLet Ukraine Speak: Integrating Scholarship on Ukraine into Classroom Syllabii

9936: 9546:"The law amending the Constitution on the course of accession to the EU and NATO has entered into force | European integration portal" 9478: 8724: 8156: 7030: 2748:

In 1490, due to increased oppression of Ukrainians at the hands of the Polish, a series of successful rebellions was led by Ukrainian

13762: 12260: 12148: 5148: 4633: 4469:

The Second World War began on 1 September 1939, when Hitler invaded the Western part of Poland. Sixteen days later, the Soviet Union

919: 498: 380: 12191: 12179: 12107: 10483: 10417: 8145: 4590:, which, the USSR opined, was unbalanced in favor of the Western Bloc. In its capacity as a member of the UN, the Ukrainian SSR was 4443:, officials claimed that the bodies of victims of Nazis were buried here), thousands of graves were found and a memorial complex of 3954:, sought to establish an independent Ukrainian state in Western Ukraine. It quickly formed an administrative structure, created the 12289: 12249: 11879:(1904). "The traditional scheme of 'Russian' history and the problem of a rational organization of the history of the East Slavs". 9142: 6481: 6216: 5065: 5056: 4153:

had defeated the remaining Ukrainian forces and other opponents, and the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding republics of the

2425:

as regional capitals, setting the foundation for future political entities in the region. The area was originally inhabited by the

1584: 1556:, but the latter invaded and occupied the country once Gordas was killed in a revolt in 527 AD. As late as the 12th century AD the 978: 9759: 9288: 4484:

in 1941. Between 4.5 and 6 million Ukrainians fought in the Soviet Army against the Nazis. Some Ukrainians initially regarded the

13050: 12638: 7961: 5519: 5364: 5178: 4629: 4549: 4416:

where some of these intellectuals lived and where they were secretly monitored by the Soviet special services also became known.

2235:

gained power and asserted their independence, with local elites increasing their influence. By this period, the authority of the

1932: 1443: 1274: 8486: 7008: 3098: 2472:(1197–1205), who not only succeeded in uniting Galicia and Volhynia under his rule but also briefly extended his authority over 1202: 12731: 12483: 11524: 8762: 8246: 7879:Яворницький Д.І. Запорожжя в залишках старовини і переказах народу: Ч. І; Ч.ІІ. К.: Веселка, 1995. – 447 с.: іл., с. 376 – 391. 7663: 5236: 5136: 5031: 4782: 4778: 4762: 4683: 4579: 4509: 4208:

among the population of Ukraine. This 1921 recruitment poster uses Ukrainian orthography to convey its message, "Son, join the

3266: 400: 9228: 9206: 9065: 7921: 7458:

Voivodeship of Ruthenia. Historic geography of old Polish lands (Województwo Ruskie. Geografia historyczna ziem dawnej Polski)

6811: 5807:, and World War II collaboration were used to provide a different constitutive frame for developing Ukrainian nationhood. The 2376:, which ultimately fell after a brutal assault, marking the definitive collapse of Kievan Rus' as a unified political entity. 11975: 11937: 11424: 11371: 11346: 11310: 11291: 11218: 11190: 11124: 10986: 10791: 10714: 9265: 9113: 9081: 8519: 8441: 8050: 7647: 7562: 7359: 7149: 6896: 6618: 6440: 6406: 5784: 5359:

on 11 May 2014; the separatists claimed nearly 90% voted in favor of independence. Later in April 2014, fighting between the

5244: 5174: 4310: 3668:

were of Austrian or Polish descent, with the Ruthenians being almost exclusively kept in peasantry. During the 19th century,

3050: 2979: 1086:, western Ukraine, are the earliest securely dated hominin presence in Europe. Settlement in Ukraine by members of the genus 11261: 9913: 8860: 7390: 6111: 1378: 13755: 12738: 12160:Формування модерної української нації XIX-XX ст. (Formation of the Modern Ukrainian Nation in the late 19th–20th centuries) 11929: 11021: 9867: 9844: 8934: 5021: 4927: 4866: 4817: 4115: 3719: 2678:, their political, cultural and religious life continued under Lithuanian control. Ruthenian aristocrats, for example, the 2093:

During the reign of Vladimir the Great, Kievan Rus' expanded significantly, notably through the conquest and annexation of

814: 523: 335: 10137: 10019: 1059:

oblasts of Ukraine involving the Russian military. The war continued until 24 February 2022, when Russia launched a major

13711: 12669: 12458: 12436: 12237: 11037: 10913: 9654: 9153: 9129: 7899: 4715: 4567: 4366: 4166: 4139: 3910: 3781: 3777: 3305: 3296:. At the time when the empire was proclaimed in 1721, the ideologists of the autocracy and empire were often Ukrainians. 1505:, flourishing from the 2nd–5th centuries, when it was also overrun by the Huns. After they helped defeat the Huns at the 943: 857: 370: 350: 10042: 9159: 7076: 4941:

were accused of trying to create a "controlled democracy" in Ukraine and of trying to destroy the main opposition party

13897: 13565: 12601: 12548: 12515: 12510: 12377: 10706:

Shaping Identity in Eastern Europe and Russia : Soviet-Russian and Polish Accounts of Ukrainian History, 1914?1991

10514: 9198: 8111: 6320: 5900: 5332: 5217: 5105: 4505: 2849: 2131: 2088: 2082: 1968: 1017: 706: 689:

During the 14th and 15th centuries, present-day Ukrainian territories came under the rule of four external powers: the

528: 508: 448: 220: 9576: 7990: 7460: 4187: 3149: 1837:

It is unclear how the Kievan state arose, but he first reliable mention of the Rus' dates back to the year 839 in the

13827: 12794: 12618: 12362: 12171: 11793: 11778: 11754: 11719: 11549: 11451: 11397: 11328: 11255: 10898: 8833: 8645: 8552:Павличко С. Дискурс модернізму в українській літературі: / С. Павличко. — К.: Либідь, 1997. — C. 170. 8385: 8356: 8303: 8288: 8221: 8193: 8119: 7943: 7864: 7824: 7768: 7251: 6658: 6552: 6514: 6086: 6021: 5061: 3154: 2547:

became hubs of trade, culture, and military strength. Among his most notable achievements were the establishments of

2323: 2170: 679: 420: 175: 12007: 10654:"Moscow's Invasion Of Ukraine Triggers 'Soul-Searching' At Western Universities As Scholars Rethink Russian Studies" 7293: 5367:

on one side, and forces supporting the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics on the other side, escalated into the

4945:, but both have denied these charges. One frequently cited example of Yanukovych's attempts to centralise power was 13696: 13291: 12594: 8887: 5583: 5475: 5035: 4382:) were transformed into industrial hubs. The rapid growth of industry led to significant urbanization. Millions of 3289: 3178: 2698:

being the native language of the ruling class, the main written languages within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were

2485: 1851:

called themselves Rus'. The second notable mention of the Rus' occurred in 860, when they launched a naval raid on

1541:(Eastern Roman) cities until the 6th century AD. Gothic influence waned by the end of the 5th century AD, when the 1060: 826: 760: 748: 573: 538: 533: 295: 10468: 10121: 9960: 13721: 13324: 13189: 12901: 12367: 12067:

Shaping identity in Eastern Europe and Russia: Soviet-Russian and Polish accounts of Ukrainian history, 1914–1991

11817: 10541: 6787: 5543: 5356: 5124: 4726: 4671: 4595: 4587: 4386:

moved from rural areas to cities in search of work, fundamentally altering the demographic and social landscape.

3422: 3138:, usually viewed as precursor of Ukraine, found itself in a three-sided military and diplomatic rivalry with the 2938:, refused to grant them any significant autonomy, instead attempting to turn most of the Cossack population into 2675: 2190:, who had long been a threat to the state. To commemorate this victory, Yaroslav ordered the construction of the 962: 435: 165: 7718:"Slaves, Money Lenders, and Prisoner Guards:The Jews and the Trade in Slaves and Captivesin the Crimean Khanate" 7698: 7504: 5827:

developed an independent scholarship that ignored Marxism, and shared the Western tendencies in historiography.

4828: 1552:

ruled the Bosporan kingdom in the early 6th century AD and maintained good relations with Eastern Roman emperor

13508: 13341: 13279: 12961: 12951: 12426: 11615:

Kudelia, Serhiy. "Choosing Violence in Irregular Wars: The Case of Anti-Soviet Insurgency in Western Ukraine",

8620: 8591: 7122: 6465: 5551: 5320: 4993: 4750: 4621: 4009: 3996:

In an effort to strengthen their positions, the UPR and WUPR formed a political union on January 22, 1919. The

3943: 3803: 3793: 3765: 3414: 3328: 3269: 2853: 2576: 1032: 881: 702: 513: 345: 60: 4905:

the winner. Five days later, Yanukovych resigned from office and his cabinet was dismissed on 5 January 2005.

1954:

From the first half of the 10th century, the first confirmed ruler of the Kiev state from foreign sources was

14141: 14034: 13847: 13716: 13625: 12799: 12628: 12421: 7888: 5974:"Horsey-aeology, Binary Black Holes, Tracking Red Tides, Fish Re-evolution, Walk Like a Man, Fact or Fiction" 5368: 4809: 3735: 3715: 3602: 2919: 1340: 1277: 1048: 1036: 861: 503: 462: 340: 12244: 10653: 10443: 10418:"Russians admit defeat in Kharkiv; Zelenskyy visits Izium after troops flee shattered city: Ukraine updates" 5414:

On 2 February 2021, a presidential decree banned the television broadcasting of the pro-Russian TV channels

4138:

As the UPR and WUPR faced defeat, Bolsheviks consolidated their control over Ukraine. On December 30, 1919,

14100: 13872: 12913: 12871: 12845: 12709: 12699: 12623: 12468: 12453: 12282: 8979: 5527: 5523: 5352: 5348: 5140: 4909: 4785:. Over 90% of Ukrainian citizens voted for independence, with majorities in every region, including 56% in 3985: 3500:(1825–1855), Russia had by then established a centralized administration in Ukraine. After suppressing the 3496:(1801–1825) saw Russian presence only involving the imperial army and its bureaucracy, but by the reign of 3224: 3123: 2191: 1756: 470: 245: 9505: 6739: 6633:

Gautier, Paul. "Le dossier d’un haut fonctionnaire byzantin d’Alexis Ier Comnène, Manuel Stra-boromanos".

4628:, which is why from western Ukraine several hundred thousand people and their families were most actively 2122:

strategic location on trade routes and its growing political influence. Initially, Vladimir supported the

14162: 13675: 13670: 13286: 12823: 12606: 12530: 11141: 10292: 8821: 8181: 6544: 5905: 5295: 5001: 4537: 4359: 3512: 3318: 2745:, and other forms of oppression against Ukraine and Ukrainians, all of which started to fully take form. 2722: 1155: 1147: 1021: 566: 518: 475: 23: 11868:. "The National and the Social in the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1920- The Historiographical Agenda". 10384:"Russia invaded Ukraine more than 200 days ago. Here is one key development from every month of the war" 3854:, also known as the Hetmanate. Skoropadskyi, a former Russian Imperial Army officer, proclaimed himself 2631:

invaders, and eventually most of Ukraine passed to the rule of Poland and Lithuania. More particularly,

1975:

tells of Igor's attempt to extract more tribute from the subdued Slavs, which led to a rebellion by the

14167: 14115: 14067: 13959: 13954: 13731: 13726: 13182: 13045: 12878: 12784: 12743: 12633: 12448: 10819: 9453: 9105: 5800: 5661: 5495: 5483: 5388: 5308: 5116: 5025: 4920: 4460: 4258: 3711: 3523: 3476: 2887:, social tension rose. Some of the polonized mobility would heavily shape Polish culture, for example, 2499: 1412: 1408: 1253: 939: 907: 849: 733: 670:

expansion. The hinterland entered into written history with the establishment of the medieval state of

620: 410: 330: 6355: 6240:"The Oldest Anatomically Modern Humans from Far Southeast Europe: Direct Dating, Culture and Behavior" 5718:

The scholarly study of Ukraine's history emerged from romantic impulses in the late 19th century when

5695:

culture and inhabitants as "Kievan Russian" or "Old Russian". Later Ukraine or its parts were called "

4761:

With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine became an independent state, formalised with a

2279:

emerged, signifying that each prince would govern his own territory without interference from others.

1789:

in terms of trade, which allowed long distance trade to occur in safety, including groups such as the

880:. In 1932 and 1933, millions of people in Ukraine, mostly peasants, starved to death in a devastating 13701: 13455: 13416: 12611: 12584: 12082:, "The Revolution At Ninety-(One): Anglo-American Historiography Of The Russian Revolution Of 1917", 11385: 10357: 9814: 9185: 5479: 5471: 5181:

to win an absolute majority of seats for the first time in the history of independent Ukraine (248).

4865:

In 2004, Kuchma announced that he would not run for re-election. Two major candidates emerged in the

4470: 4427:

In the 1930s, only from Kyiv alone, which in 1934 became the capital of the Ukrainian SSR instead of

3822: 3695: 3465: 3352: 2792: 2358: 2252:), further exacerbated regionalism, compelling local rulers to focus on defending their territories. 1939:

river, and Kiev was an important transshipment point, allowing control over trade along the Dnieper,

1780: 1546: 806:

were in control of all the territories that constitute present-day Ukraine for over a hundred years.

600: 325: 318: 9021: 8903: 5749:. Until 1934, history was generally not regarded as chauvinistic, but was rewritten in the style of 4835:, was surrounded by numerous corruption scandals and the lessening of media freedoms, including the 4306: 3425:

clerics, and Jews. Major uprisings took place in 1734, 1750, and the largest—usually referred to as

14072: 13919: 12875: 12416: 12372: 10871:

Serhy Yekelchyk, "Studying the Blueprint for a Nation: Canadian Historiography of Modern Ukraine,"

10383: 9887: 7693: 7354:]. Novi Sad: Akademska knjiga. pp. 41–44, 164, 388, 428–430, 435–437, 481, 497, 499, 515. 6090: 5910: 5640: 5437: 5216:

initiative, which aims to create further cooperation between the three historical countries of the

4913: 4898: 4625: 4521: 4497: 4464: 4127: 3747: 3739: 3729: 3725: 3682: 3665: 3575: 2683: 2572: 2442: 2027:

and other. In addition to his campaigns in the east, Sviatoslav waged numerous battles against the

923: 915: 838: 698: 616: 190: 8023: 3938: 3813:

The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) was first declared on November 20, 1917, in the wake of the

3335:

was destroyed by Russian troops in 1775, a smaller part of the Ukrainian Cossacks fled across the

3173:. Commonwealth authorities then sought compromise with the Ukrainian Cossack state by signing the 2888: 1008:. Yanukovych was then impeached by the Ukrainian parliament in February 2014. On 20 February, the 918:

fought for Ukrainian independence against both Germany and the Soviet Union, while other elements

14077: 14039: 13706: 13364: 13085: 12928: 12896: 12865: 12704: 12674: 12558: 12275: 11416: 8956: 5645: 5606: 5155: 5132: 4738: 4602: 4131: 4027: 3955: 3916: 3807: 3258: 3070: 2884: 2687: 2652: 2450: 2364:

In the late 1230s, the Mongols returned with significantly larger forces under the leadership of

2307: 1947:

rivers. By the end of the 9th century, a new tribal alliance began to form around Kiev, with the

1446: 955: 725:, through protectorates such as the Crimean Khanate, as well as directly-administered territory. 215: 10546:

New Eastern Europe - A bimonthly news magazine dedicated to Central and Eastern European affairs

7816:

Russia and Ukraine. Literature and the Discourse of Empire from Napoleonic to Postcolonial Times

3134:), undermined the foundations and stability of the Commonwealth. The nascent Cossack state, the 2581:

From the 13th century, the many parts of the coast of present-day Ukraine were dominated by the

14019: 13530: 13359: 13120: 12956: 12906: 12129:

Towards an Intellectual History of Ukraine: An Anthology of Ukrainian Thought from 1710 to 1995

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Towards an Intellectual History of Ukraine: An Anthology of Ukrainian Thought from 1710 to 1995

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The creation of the Ukrainian SSR marked the beginning of Soviet rule in Ukraine. By 1921, the

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in Kiev, a structure that still stands as a symbol of this prosperous era. He also founded the

2036: 1557: 1077: 365: 12072:

Verstiuk, Vladyslav. "Conceptual Issues in Studying the History of the Ukrainian Revolution".

11597:

Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia

10096: 9672: 9506:"Україні не потрібно виходити із СНД – вона ніколи не була і не є зараз членом цієї структури" 8825: 8815: 8280: 8213: 8185: 8174: 8036: 6006:

Od ugody hadziackiej do Cudnowa. Kozaczyzna między Rzecząpospolitą a Moskwą w latach 1658-1660

5166:

being enshrined in the preamble of the Basic Law, three articles and transitional provisions.

4949:, which has been condemned by Western governments as potentially being politically motivated. 4142:(Ukrainian SSR) was proclaimed by Bolsheviks. This new Soviet government aligned closely with 3005: 13989: 13949: 13929: 13909: 13812: 13610: 13475: 13060: 12923: 12840: 12694: 12498: 11588: 11489:

Ukraine and Russia: A History of the Economic Relations between Ukraine and Russia, 1654–1917

11180: 11155: 10876: 9182:"U.S. Government Statement of Concern about Arrest of Former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko" 8612: 7482: 6797: 6169: 5758: 5738: 5665: 5602: 5499: 5430: 5396: 5384: 5267: 5097: 5048: 4973: 4946: 4942: 4860: 4554: 4493: 3898: 3855: 3743: 3669: 3617: 3543: 3493: 2966: 2926:

1621). Cossack units were also active in wars between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and

2664: 2199: 2183: 2135: 1324: 1005: 807: 779: 743:

in January 1654. The exact nature of the relationship established by this treaty between the

53: 11379: 7910: 6504: 4512:), became marginalized, mainly due to its rejection by the Polish side, where supporters of 3942:

The Supreme Command of the Ukrainian Galician Army. Sitting, 5th through 7th from left, Gen

3677:, which would then cross over into the Russian Empire. The 2.4 million Ukrainians under the 3142:, who controlled the Tatars to the south, the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, and the 1104: 14105: 13924: 13665: 13660: 13600: 13535: 13440: 13055: 13008: 12918: 12835: 12809: 12721: 12714: 12684: 12572: 12406: 12389: 12357: 11876: 9933: 8344: 7618: 7027: 6570:"The Question of Continuity in the Late Classical Bosporus On the Basis of Numismatic Data" 6251: 6141: 5837: 5824: 5723: 5587: 5441: 5376: 5263: 5252: 5190: 4981: 4885: 4746: 4481: 4440: 4395: 4289:

prepared for a shift towards more centralized and state-controlled economic policies under

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took place in 1223. As a result, the Mongols retreated east for about 15 years after this.

2272: 2236: 2147: 2062: 1864: 1843: 1542: 822: 795: 740: 240: 230: 160: 10783:

The politics of memory in Poland and Ukraine : from reconciliation to de-conciliation

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and other neighboring countries. During the same period, political (including adoption of

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educated and skilled individuals had long-term negative effects on Ukraine’s development.

1103:

are associated with the Molodova archaeological sites (45,000–43,000 BC), which include a

8: 14125: 14110: 14057: 14004: 13999: 13974: 13832: 13630: 13560: 13503: 13420: 13246: 13125: 12933: 12860: 12855: 12657: 12643: 12505: 11742: 11681:

Blaj, L. (2013). "Ukraine's Independence and Its Geostrategic Impact in Eastern Europe".

11061: 11055: 8042: 7681: 5885: 5727: 5635: 5535: 5287: 5256: 5170: 5005: 4880: 4533: 4513: 4251: 4191: 3951: 3691: 3633: 3590:) into the Austrian Western Ukraine. However, many Ukrainians accepted their fate in the 3587: 3583: 3437: 3380: 3285: 3251: 2911: 2796: 2715: 2703: 2695: 2458: 2422: 2303: 2195: 1490: 1159: 1009: 783: 445: 305: 208: 110: 105: 14095: 13747: 10954: 9756: 9577:"Кабінет Міністрів України — Новим Прем'єр-міністром України став Олексій Гончарук" 9285: 8677:"Opinion | The messy, bloody history that led Ukraine into the impeachment inquiry" 6489: 6255: 6212: 6145: 2162:, which stretched for 1,000 kilometers, safeguarding Kievan Rus' from external threats. 13979: 13939: 13892: 13887: 13877: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13837: 13822: 13817: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13736: 13640: 13424: 13376: 13371: 13274: 13264: 13221: 13213: 13149: 13108: 13040: 12943: 12888: 12804: 12779: 12757: 12553: 12478: 12188: 11698: 11538: 11283:

The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus

10809: 10732: 10311: 9160:"Our Ukraine comes to defense of Tymoshenko, Lutsenko, Didenko, Makarenko in statement" 7830: 7604:. The Principles of Ancient Rzeczpospolita Formation: The Medieval Ruthenian Dimension. 7580: 6911: 6888:

The Nature and the Image of Princely Power in Kievan Rus', 980-1054: A Study of Sources

6815: 6506:

Cassio Dione e l'impero romano da Nerva ad Anotonino Pio: alla luce dei nuovi documenti

6274: 6239: 6061: 5765:

categorises Ukraine as part of East-Central Europe or, less often, as part of Eurasia.

5719: 5677: 5400: 5371:. By December 2014, more than 6,400 people had died in this conflict, and according to 4877:, called for Ukraine to turn its attention westward and aim to eventually join the EU. 4754: 4663: 4228: 4123: 3847: 3814: 3753: 3621: 3535: 3505: 3406: 3384: 3212: 3182: 2943: 2880: 2707: 2643:

became part of Poland. King of Poland adopted the tile of "lord and heir of Ruthenia" (

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and culture. It served as a stark warning against any resistance to Soviet authority.

4250:

Following the devastation of war and revolution, the Soviet government introduced the

3628:, Sylvester Lepky, Andriy Chaykovsky, Kost Pankivsky. In the second row: Ivan Kopach, 951: 14120: 14062: 14024: 14014: 13994: 13984: 13969: 13964: 13944: 13914: 13882: 13867: 13842: 13778: 13615: 13590: 13570: 13550: 13540: 13430: 13412: 13381: 13314: 13231: 13205: 12983: 12978: 12966: 12850: 12789: 12769: 12488: 12399: 12167: 12039: 11971: 11933: 11910: 11846: 11789: 11774: 11750: 11715: 11702: 11558: 11545: 11457: 11447: 11430: 11420: 11393: 11367: 11361: 11342: 11324: 11306: 11287: 11251: 11214: 11186: 11120: 11025: 10995: 10982: 10934: 10797: 10787: 10720: 10710: 10632: 10566: 10391: 10239: 10148: 9690: 9057: 8829: 8641: 8616: 8587: 8576: 8543:. Page 5 – Leningrad, Gostekhizdat, 1930. – 42 pages. (Leningrad Regional Sovnarkhoz) 8515: 8437: 8381: 8352: 8284: 8273: 8217: 8189: 8115: 8046: 7939: 7933: 7860: 7820: 7764: 7746: 7686:"The Sultan's Raiders: The Military Role of the Crimean Tatars in the Ottoman Empire" 7643: 7568: 7558: 7355: 7247: 7145: 7118: 7005: 6892: 6761: 6664: 6654: 6614: 6589: 6548: 6510: 6461: 6436: 6402: 6279: 6157: 6129: 6017: 5853: 5828: 5808: 5746: 5555: 5474:, in occupied Crimea and Donbas, and in Belarus. On 24 February 2022, Russian forces 5423: 5186: 5158:

was amended, with the norms on the strategic course of Ukraine for membership in the

4902: 4894: 4874: 4870: 4852: 4825: 4794: 4722: 4705: 4697: 4648: 4571: 4328: 4232: 4176: 3629: 3606: 3531: 3501: 3220: 3216: 3186: 3174: 3143: 3135: 3087: 2927: 2769: 2582: 2519: 2511: 2494: 2462: 2446: 2311: 2260: 2179: 2159: 1826: 1720:

In the 7th century, the territory of modern Ukraine was the core of the state of the

1610: 1602: 1387: 1348: 1296: 1170: 1116: 985: 931: 873: 869: 830: 787: 752: 747:

and Russia remains a matter of scholarly controversy. The agreement precipitated the

744: 663: 430: 290: 255: 250: 145: 80: 12092:. "Studying the Blueprint for a Nation: Canadian Historiography of Modern Ukraine". 11733:

A Hunger Most Cruel: The Human Face of the 1932–1933 Terror-Famine in Soviet Ukraine

11577: 11529: 9888:

Half a million displaced in eastern Ukraine as winter looms, warns UN refugee agency

9673:"Україна, Грузія та Молдова створили новий формат співпраці для спільного руху в ЄС" 8480: 7203:

Michael C. Paul, "Was the Prince of Novgorod a 'Third-rate bureaucrat' after 1136?"

7047: 607:, played an important role in Eurasian cultural events, including the spread of the 14009: 13934: 13904: 13605: 13520: 13465: 13435: 13386: 13346: 13329: 13319: 13254: 13226: 13158: 13130: 13075: 13070: 13065: 12884: 12394: 12382: 12114: 12047: 12015: 11981: 11963: 11943: 11888: 11854: 11838: 11728: 11690: 11629: 11469: 11239: 11167: 11133: 9726: 9628: 9438: 9388: 9361: 9335: 9310: 9262: 9225: 9203: 9163: 9110: 9078: 9062: 8503: 8373: 7889:ОСТАННІЙ ЗАПОРІЗЬКИЙ КОШОВИЙ КАЛНИШЕВСЬКИЙ ОПИНИВСЯ НА СОЛОВКАХ, БО ЗАВАЖАВ ТВОРИТИ 7729: 7529: 6757: 6753: 6581: 6269: 6259: 6149: 6009: 5550:

condemning the invasion and demanding a full Russian withdrawal in March 2022. The

5392: 5232: 4938: 4931: 4836: 4701: 4659: 4637: 4489: 4336: 4274: 4201: 4014: 3850:

on April 29, 1918, resulted in the dissolution of the UPR and the establishment of

3625: 3539: 3516: 3485: 3421:

plundered and burned towns and nobles' estates, killing nobles, Roman Catholic and

3332: 3247: 3204: 3166: 3131: 3076: 3031: 3018: 2586: 2568: 2552: 2539: 2523: 2454: 2396: 2334: 2139: 2066: 2028: 2020: 1982: 1948: 1848: 1831: 1748: 1665: 1538: 1478: 1469: 1423: 1398: 1344: 1271: 1249: 1178: 1028: 791: 675: 651: 647: 425: 234: 224: 123: 90: 70: 11762: 10679:

Unmaking Imperial Russia: Mykhailo Hrushevsky and the Writing of Ukrainian History

8068:"World War I | History, Summary, Causes, Combatants, Casualties, Map, & Facts" 5068:

was created, which for 5 years did not show effective work, except for the ban on

3565:

banned the use of Ukrainian in religious and educational literature, in 1876, the

13645: 13620: 13408: 13391: 13236: 13035: 12973: 12679: 12431: 12195: 12089: 11865: 11694: 11583: 11404: 11336: 11281: 11233: 11208: 11114: 11110: 10976: 10883: 10265: 10144: 10128: 9940: 9917: 9910: 9894: 9871: 9864: 9848: 9841: 9795: 9785: 9763: 9292: 9269: 9232: 9210: 9149: 9133: 9117: 9101: 9085: 9069: 9053: 8963: 8938: 8891: 8864: 8857: 8741: 8571: 8490: 8463: 8431: 8377: 7639:

Authority and Identity: A Sociolinguistic History of Europe before the Modern Age

7637: 7554:

The colonies of Genoa in the Black Sea region : evolution and transformation

7464: 7345: 7080: 7034: 7012: 6886: 6608: 6430: 6396: 6264: 6115: 5857: 5845: 5841: 5692: 5575: 5344: 5213: 5182: 4989: 4821: 4805: 4733: 4689: 4444: 4244: 4240: 4103: 3975: 3920: 3863: 3851: 3841: 3773: 3761: 3757: 3678: 3661: 3645: 3562: 3555: 3441: 3368: 3293: 3281: 3208: 2845: 2788: 2765: 2711: 2469: 2465:(1153–1187), Galicia expanded its influence, extending as far as the Black Sea. 2402: 2384: 2284: 2204: 2165: 2123: 1855:, pillaged the suburbs of the capital, and retreated unimpeded — as described by 1709: 1614: 1506: 1316: 1223: 1024: 947: 848:

established control in late 1919. The Ukrainian Bolsheviks, who had defeated the

803: 714: 694: 493: 355: 260: 195: 65: 43: 11905:

Laboratory of Transnational History: Ukraine and Recent Ukrainian Historiography

11182:

Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204

11039:

Christianity and the Eastern Slavs, Volume I: Slavic Cultures in the Middle Ages

9414:"European Commission - EU-Ukraine Association Agreement fully enters into force" 8931: 8135:| Ukraine marks anniversary of establishment of West Ukrainian People's Republic 6350: 4984:(Independence Square), and in December 2013 and January 2014 protesters started 4257:

During this period, the Communist Party tightened its control over Ukraine. The

4146:(RSFSR) and aimed to establish Soviet authority over all Ukrainian territories. 3192: 2667:(1362/63), and the rulers of Lithuania then adopted the title of ruler of Rus'. 1847:, where it is written that members of an embassy arriving from the north to the 1243: 13595: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13555: 13545: 13460: 13403: 13296: 13259: 13163: 13098: 12988: 12726: 12689: 12441: 12411: 12352: 12208:

History of Ukraine.7 class electronic textbooks. Kyiv., 2005 (co-authored with

12027: 11824: 11519: 11357: 10926: 10444:"Putin illegally annexes territories in Ukraine, in spite of global opposition" 10332:"Buildup of Russian forces along Ukraine's border that has some talking of war" 10132: 10047: 10014: 9898: 9126: 8811: 8169: 8067: 7439: 6153: 5877: 5849: 5832: 5771: 5688: 5531: 5515: 5445: 5419: 5372: 5360: 5248: 5221: 5159: 5044: 5004:

resigned as speaker of the Parliament, and was replaced by Tymoshenko loyalist

4916: 4599: 4575: 4413: 4067: 4039: 4018: 3932: 3894: 3879: 3818: 3769: 3698:, demanding autonomy, they also opened the first Ukrainian-language newspaper ( 3653: 3591: 3547: 3433: 3340: 3232: 3225:

continuous strife, civil war, and foreign intervention by neighbours of Ukraine

3127: 2931: 2808: 2800: 2671: 2644: 2597: 2543: 2527: 2406: 2288: 2098: 1991: 1909: 1877: 1852: 1820: 1810: 1798: 1649: 1641:

are not known for certain, many theories suggest they may have originated near

1526: 1514: 1457: 1416: 1174: 1056: 1052: 993: 966: 799: 718: 710: 671: 604: 556: 360: 275: 155: 11171: 10845:

Roman Senkus, "Ukrainian Studies in Canada Since the 1950s: An Introduction."

10801: 10724: 10187: 9602: 8316:"Договор об образовании Союза Советских Социалистических Республик — Викитека" 6984: 6094: 6013: 5173:

was elected president in the second round of the presidential election. Early

3808:

Our enemies will vanish like dew in the sun; We too shall rule in our country.

2158:

construction of an extensive system of defensive fortifications, known as the

14156: 13691: 13490: 12525: 12043: 11955: 11921: 11850: 11829: 11434: 11338:

The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999

11277: 10938: 10395: 9167: 8512:

Unequal Brothers: Russians and Ukrainians from the Middle Ages to the Present

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that helped expedite the break-up of the Soviet Union during the late 1980s.

4583: 4320: 4224: 4095: 4090: 4035: 3859: 3674: 3426: 3394: 3139: 2730: 2726: 2691: 2387:

played an important role in preserving cultural identity during Mongol rule.

2354: 1998: 1964: 1944: 1924: 1885: 1881: 1785: 1420: 1293: 1285: 1166: 1135: 1108: 877: 683: 458: 280: 270: 140: 12051: 12019: 11985: 11947: 11858: 11461: 11029: 6741:«Руська» термінологія в Київському та Галицько-Волинському літописних зводах 6668: 6585: 6328: 5278:

in 2024, but instead signed an application for membership in February 2022.

4327:) to increase agricultural productivity and secure grain supplies for rapid 4269: 3037: 2910:

and earned a reputation for their fierce martial spirit. Some Cossacks were

1031:

regions of Ukraine, from where Yanukovych had drawn most of his support. An

13650: 13480: 13351: 13269: 11967: 11900: 10781: 10704: 10488: 8540: 7457: 6650:

The early Slavs : culture and society in early medieval Eastern Europe

6283: 6161: 5762: 5457: 5336: 5089: 4559: 4474: 4300: 4286: 4154: 4119: 3641: 3413:

obligations and the abuse of power by Polish magnates and nobles and their

3376: 3372: 2872: 2784: 2742: 2632: 2613: 2590: 2434: 2380: 2182:

emerged victorious and assumed the throne. Ruling jointly with his brother

2094: 2012: 2002: 1987: 1955: 1741: 1657: 1626: 1534: 1502: 1450: 1435: 1394: 1257: 1132: 911: 892: 690: 659: 655: 608: 375: 180: 11962:. The Frontline: Essays on Ukraine's Past and Present. pp. 1–14. 11892: 10502:

standards stagnate, while a handful of oligarchs have become billionaires.

10188:"Зеленський‌ ‌"вимкнув"‌ ‌112,‌ ‌ZIK‌ ‌і‌ ‌NewsOne‌ ‌з‌ ефіру. Що відомо‌" 8210:

Survival and Consolidation: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1918-1921

7834: 7814: 7750:

Ukrainian nobility from the end of 14th century to the mid of 17th century

7552: 7006:О времени существования Древнерусского государства (историография вопроса) 3752:

When World War I and a series of revolutions across Europe, including the

3314:

Territories controlled by Ukrainian Cossacks at the end of their existence

2493:

Following Roman's death, a period of unrest ensued, lasting until his son

1896: 1862:

The earliest source about the history of the Middle Dnieper region is the

13635: 13513: 13498: 13470: 13306: 12337: 12079: 11569: 11229: 11074: 11051: 10962:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 325 7297: 6744:["Ruthenian" question in Kyiv and Halych-Volyn annalistic codes] 6648: 5734: 5700: 5681: 5673: 5453: 5415: 5128: 4478: 3883: 3869: 3637: 3571: 3551: 2876: 2868: 2804: 2749: 2734: 2102: 1752: 1697: 1689: 1638: 1622: 1598: 1594: 1578: 1553: 1208: 1100: 1093: 903: 834: 775: 667: 285: 10917: 10786:. Tomasz Stryjek, Joanna Konieczna-Sałamatin. London. 2022. p. 98. 8884: 2795:. Until the late 18th century, the Crimean Khanate maintained a massive 2113: 1517:

colonies founded in the 6th century BC on the northeastern shore of the

13398: 13103: 13093: 13028: 12493: 12342: 12327: 11804: 11736: 11506: 11089: 10978:

Along Ukraine's River: A Social and Environmental History of the Dnipro

8508:

Ungleiche Brüder: Russen und Ukrainer vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart

6842: 6830: 5895: 5712: 5597:

On the eve of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the country was

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until 1681, when they were also captured by the Turks, but in 1699 the

3159: 2679: 2328: 1776: 1760: 1729: 1693: 1653: 1530: 1494: 1372: 1332: 1320: 1163: 1151: 1112: 1096: 1001: 984:

A prolonged political crisis began on 21 November 2013, when president

842: 631: 612: 440: 130: 95: 75: 11675:

Revolution in Orange: The Origins of Ukraine's Democratic Breakthrough

11654:

Together and Apart in Brzezany: Poles, Jews, and Ukrainians, 1919–1945

5410:

President Zelenskyy with members of the Ukrainian army on 18 June 2022

2721:

Eventually, Poland took control of the southwestern region. Following

1621:

With the power vacuum created with the end of Hunnic and Gothic rule,

13445: 12463: 12322: 11992: 9819: 9250:"Ukraine 'still wants to sign EU deal' | News | al Jazeera" 7037: — К.: Институт истории Украины НАН Украины, 2013. — 270 с. 5981: 5804: 5788: 5503: 5449: 5379:

within Ukraine and two hundred thousand refugees to flee to (mostly)

5205: 4485: 4355: 4347: 4342: 4314: 4294: 4004: 3997: 3504:

of 1830, the tsarist regime instituted Russification policies on the

3398: 3360: 2830: 2761: 2660: 2624: 2609: 2535: 2365: 2346: 2241: 2224: 2187: 2040: 1976: 1790: 1705: 1681: 1677: 1669: 1661: 1518: 1356: 1352: 1328: 1300: 1143: 970: 885: 722: 385: 13174: 11995:. "Putin's War on History: The Thousand-Year Struggle Over Ukraine" 11842: 11589:

The Harvest Of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivisation and the Terror-Famine

11503:

Ukrainian Nationalism: Politics, Ideology, and Literature, 1929–1956

9934:

UN Says At Least 6,400 Killed In Ukraine's Conflict Since April 2014

8401: 7600:

Voloshchuk, Myroslav. Chwalba, Andrzej; Zamorski, Krzysztof (eds.).

6707: 5783:

paradigm typical of some other post-Soviet nations, for example the

5745:. In the Soviet Union, there was a radical break after 1921, led by 5514:. After failing to gain further territories and being driven out of 5139:. The next day, Tomos was brought to Ukraine for a demonstration at 3410: 2390: 2332:

Imaginative portrayal of the 1240 Siege of Kiev in the 16th-century

13655: 13450: 12267: 11247: 11013: 10953:

Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P., eds. (1953) .

10138:

Kyiv, Separatists Accuse Each Other Of Violating Holiday Cease-Fire

9921: 9875: 9852: 9767: 9296: 9273: 9236: 9213: 9137: 9121: 9089: 9073: 9008: 8967: 8942: 8868: 7717: 7117:. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. p. 389. 6394: 5890: 5708: 5487: 5461: 4525: 4432: 4150: 4107: 3928: 3858:

and aimed to create a strong, centralized state with close ties to

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Ukraine fell under the Polish administration, becoming part of the

2773: 2753: 2656: 2636: 2438: 2430: 2245: 2232: 2024: 2007: 1889: 1701: 1510: 1453: 1360: 1308: 1289: 1115:

settlements dating to 32,000 BC in the Buran-Kaya cave site of the

1083: 973:. Subsequently however, the economy experienced a high increase in 935: 845: 729: 300: 185: 11747:

An Orange Revolution: A Personal Journey Through Ukrainian History

8661:

Pietrzak, Michał (2018). "Wprowadzenie". In Borecki, Paweł (ed.).

8066:

Showalter, Dennis E.; Royde-Smith, John Graham (30 October 2023).

4901:

ordered the election results null and void. A second runoff found

4800: 4640:

when the majority of prisoners were Ukrainians) put an end to the

3310: 2894: 2401:

The Principality, later Kingdom of Ruthenia (Galicia-Volhynia) is

2142:. He personally led the mass baptism of the people of Kiev in the 2057:

After Sviatoslav’s death, a power struggle ensued among his sons.

1589: 674:, which emerged as a powerful nation but disintegrated during the 13525: 13336: 13023: 13018: 13003: 12998: 12298: 12255: 11243: 11227: 10751:

Taras Kuzio, "National Identity and History Writing in Ukraine,"

9865:

Fergal Keane reports from Mariupol on Ukraine's 'frozen conflict'

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Rus | Medieval State, Europe, Culture & Religion - Britannica

6703:

Siege of Constantinople (860): The Rus’ First Strike on Byzantium

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led to an exodus of a number of Ukrainian intellectuals (such as

3348: 3240: 3228: 3111: 2939: 2903: 2757: 2640: 2628: 2601: 2445:

existed as separate principalities, each ruled by descendants of

2426: 2369: 2342: 2228: 2032: 1940: 1936: 1768: 1733: 1721: 1685: 1673: 1642: 1634: 1630: 1482: 1383: 1364: 1355:, and virtually all other regions along the European part of the 1336: 1312: 1281: 798:(1772–1795) and the Russian conquest of the Crimean Khanate, the 764: 627: 596: 170: 150: 135: 85: 10293:"Russia fires on and seizes Ukrainian ships near annexed Crimea" 9779:

Putin Tells Separatists In Ukraine To Postpone 11 May Referendum

8763:Чому радянська влада зробила масову депортацію українців у Сибір 6130:"East-to-west human dispersal into Europe 1.4 million years ago" 5259:, and committing to the prospect of joining the European Union. 5119:

with the participation of President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko

4570:

were accepted, which allowed it to act as a separate subject of

4021:(second from left) following Petliura's alliance with the Poles. 3215:

belonged to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until late 1793,

3203:

For a time, they also maintained a semi-independent republic in

2105:. These territorial gains made Kievan Rus' the largest state in 2031:, seeking to establish Kievan Rus' as a formidable force in the 1884:. According to the chronicle, a representative of this dynasty, 13013: 12347: 12232: 11412: 9944: 9752: 9750: 9748: 8663:

O ustroju, prawie i polityce II Rzeczypospolitej. Pisma wybrane

8038:

Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, 1999

7479:"Генуэзские колонии в Одесской области - Бизнес-портал Измаила" 7176:

Kollmann, Nancy (1990). "Collateral Succession in Kievan Rus".

5792: 5775: 5704: 5610: 5434: 5380: 5209: 5201: 5085: 5073: 4968:

and instead pursued closer ties with Russia. This move sparked

4808:

was introduced on 28 January 1992, based on a flag used in the

4786: 4566:

After World War II, some amendments to the Constitution of the

4488:

soldiers as liberators from Soviet rule, while others formed a

4435:

where after the independence of Ukraine and the opening of the

4375: 4290: 4262: 3609: 3390: 3336: 3244: 3181:—the agreement was later superseded by the 1667 Polish–Russian 2930:. Despite the Cossack's military usefulness, the Commonwealth, 2923: 2915: 2768:, this series of battles was supported by the Moldavian prince 2620: 2507: 2418: 2410: 2350: 2249: 2106: 2051: 1856: 1838: 1794: 1772: 1764: 1549: 1509:

in 454, the Ostrogoths were allowed by the Romans to settle in

1405: 1390: 1368: 1267: 1040: 997: 9603:"Гончарука звільнили з посади прем'єра й відставили весь уряд" 8541:

Reconstruction of the Technical School and the Five-Year Frame

7608: 4912:

often appeared strained as Yushchenko looked towards improved

4831:. The presidency (1994–2005) of the 2nd President of Ukraine, 4550:

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Post-war years: 1945–1953

4086:

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic § Founding: 1917–1922

3616:, 31 October 1898: Sitting in the first row: Mykhaylo Pavlyk, 3452:, and in 1793 right-bank Ukraine was annexed by Russia in the 763:, signed in 1686, the eastern portion of Ukraine (east of the 12332: 11926:

The Future of the Past: New Perspectives on Ukrainian History

11801:

Burden of Dreams: History and Identity in Post-Soviet Ukraine

11606:. Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., New York, 1960 (156 pp.): 11563:

Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine Under Nazi Rule

10756: 8235:

Identity and Continuity of States in Public International Law

5491: 5144: 5112: 4641: 4405: 4332: 4223:

In the 1920s, the Soviet government implemented a policy of "

4188:

Ukrainization § 1923–1931: early years of Soviet Ukraine

4047: 3347:, and the majority was deported by the Russian government to 3344: 2861: 2699: 2605: 2556: 2127: 1737: 1522: 1475: 1427: 1244:

Scythian settlement, Greek colonization, and Roman domination

876:

of administration and schools. Policy in the 1930s turned to

639: 635: 9745: 9655:"Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine Inaugurate 'Lublin Triangle'" 9263:

Ukraine crisis: Police storm main Kyiv 'Maidan' protest camp

9047:

Ukraine right-wing politics: is the genie out of the bottle?

7409: 5151:

signed the Tomos during the scheduled meeting of the Synod.

4331:. Ukrainian peasants, particularly wealthier ones known as " 3526:

movement dates from the end of the 18th century when modern

2950:

Size and population of the voidoveships in the 16th century

12163: 12150:"From the Earliest Times until the End of the 18th Century" 11683:

Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe

11119:(2nd rev. ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 11050:

in 9 volumes (1866–1934). Available online in Ukrainian as

10266:"Tension escalates after Russia seizes Ukraine naval ships" 8725:"Ukrainian Insurgent Army: Myths and facts - Oct. 12, 2012" 7602:

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: History, Memory, Legacy

5949:"What We Theorize – When and Where Did Domestication Occur" 5761:

portrays Ukraine as a border zone for various empires; and

5507: 5225: 5163: 4977: 4829:

shrank by more than 10% per year (in 1994 by more than 20%)

4774: 4770: 4670:. This spurred on a local independence movement called the 4409: 4389: 4196: 4173:

Collectivization in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

3989: 3924: 3873:

Skoropadskyi inspecting troops from the "Greycoat" division

3613: 3236: 3106:), by Beauplan (1600–1673), cartographer (south at the top) 2791:, which occupied present-day Black Sea shores and southern 2777: 2548: 2473: 1873: 1498: 1486: 1439: 1431: 1127: 1088: 853: 643: 11636:. Bookman Associates, New York, 1953 (219 pp.): 10947:

The Second Soviet Republic: The Ukraine after World War II

10097:"Separate districts of Donbas and Luhansk regions (ORDLO)" 10069:

Minakov, Mikhail; Stavniichuk, Maryna (16 February 2016).

7352:

Sloveni u ranom srednjem veku (Slavs in Early Middle Ages)

6812:"Korosten (Iskorosten): A small town with a great history" 6482:"Ancient period - History - About Chersonesos, Sevastopol" 5707:). But parts of Ukraine beyond Russia's reach were called 4839:. During Kuchma's presidency, the economy recovered, with 4765:. On 21 January 1990, over 300,000 Ukrainians organized a 4753:, ultimately based on a symbol stamped on Kievan coins by 3401:

hang a Jew by his heels. Ukrainian folk art, 19th century.

3322:

Cannons at the entrance to the Fortress of Saint Elizabeth

1935:". A significant portion of this route passed through the 1545:

reaffirmed its control and influence over the region. The

13777: 11574:

The Shoah in Ukraine: History, Testimony, Memorialization

11014:"The Annals of St. Bertin (839) and Chacanus of the Rhos" 9963:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. August 2015 9789: 8952: 8950: 7373: 7371: 4843:

growth at around 10% a year in his last years in office.

4840: 4783:

referendum formalizing independence from the Soviet Union

4436: 3882:

began to collapse in late 1918 following their defeat in

3470: 2914:

to protect the southeastern borders of Commonwealth from

2826:

History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648)

2738: 1629:, began to expand over much of the territory that is now 9796:"Ukraine rebels hold referendums in Donetsk and Luhansk" 8927: 8925: 8606: 6854: 6036: 5799:—although the multifaceted history of independence, the 5687:

of Russian history. This included referring to medieval

4964:

In November 2013, President Yanukovych did not sign the

4779:

declared itself an independent country on 24 August 1991

4301:

Forced collectivization, industrialization and Holodomor

4181: 3605:

celebrating the 100th anniversary of the publication of

2608:(modern day Feodosia), which broke apart the Diocese of 2146:

river and built the first stone church in Kievan Rus' —

1501:

from the 370s. North of the Ostrogothic kingdom was the

11474:

The Mongols and Russia. A History of Russia, Volume III

11024:(Instytut istoriï Ukraïny NAN Ukraïny), pp. 7–11, 10484:"Welcome to Ukraine, the most corrupt nation in Europe" 9523: 9389:"Profile: Ukraine's ousted President Viktor Yanukovych" 9005:

Ukraine's New President: Is the Orange Revolution Over?

8514:] (in German). München: C.H.Beck oHG. p. 168. 8005: 7282:

Colin McEvedy, Atlas of World Population History (1978)

6954:"Yaroslav I (prince of Kiev) – Encyclopædia Britannica" 6719: 6530: 6528: 6526: 5722:

spread to Eastern Europe. The outstanding leaders were

5486:

of the country, but failed to advance past the city of

5274:

Ukraine was originally preparing to formally apply for

5220:

and further Ukraine's integration and accession to the

4285:

By the late 1920s, the NEP was being phased out as the

3756:

in Russia, shattered many existing empires such as the

3660:

The fate of the Ukrainians was far different under the

2902:

Ruthenian peasants who fled efforts to force them into

2694:, senior military leaders, and administrators. Despite 2589:

around the Black Sea, most of them situated in today's

2542:. This coronation symbolized Ruthenia’s alignment with 2035:. His primary ambition was to create a lasting base in 860:, which on 30 December 1922 became one of the founding 11540:

Ukraine During World War II: History and Its Aftermath

11104:

Total wars and the making of modern Ukraine, 1914–1954

11035: 10952: 10684: 10515:"Ukraine: Can meaningful reform come out of conflict?" 8947: 7780:

A. Jabłonowski, Źródła Dziejowe (Warsaw, 1889) xix: 73

7656: 7421: 7368: 6848: 6836: 6713: 5554:

ordered Russia to suspend military operations and the

5375:

figures it led to over half a million people becoming

4937:

During his presidency (2010–2014), Yanukovych and his

4160: 3946:, Col Viktor Kurmanovych, and Otaman Alfred Schamanek. 3299: 954:. In 1954 the republic expanded to the south with the 11210:

Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300) (2 vols)

8922: 8853: 8851: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8085: 7271:(in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002. 6927:(in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002. 6237: 5814: 5699:", "South Russia", "West Russia" (with Belarus), or " 5235:

was formed by signing a joint memorandum between the

5177:

on 21 July allowed the newly formed pro-presidential

4919:

and less toward Russia. In 2005, a highly publicized

4677: 4219:, and the defense of Soviet Ukraine will be ensured". 2489:, a literary work and historical source of the period 1715: 1339:

kingdom existed here from 750 to 250 BC. In the

391:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

12084:

Journal of Modern Russian History and Historiography

11444:

The house of Godwine : the history of a dynasty

11321:

Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine

10912:(University of Toronto Press, 1984–93) 5 vol.; from 10539: 10122:

At Least 9,115 Killed in Ukraine Conflict, U.N. Says

9311:"Ukraine crisis: Renewed Kyiv assault on protesters" 9079:

Ukraine ex-PM Tymoshenko charged with misusing funds

8065: 7085: 6972: 6866: 6653:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 32. 6523: 6432:

The Ancient & Classical World, 600 B.C.-A.D. 650

5867: 5266:, NATO leaders reiterated the decision taken at the 5255:, enhancing cooperation within the framework of the 721:

emerged as a major regional power in and around the

12030:. "The Current State of Ukrainian Historiography". 10614:"The Battle to Save Ukraine's Economy From the War" 10291:Polityuk, Andrew Osborn, Pavel (26 November 2018). 10218:Офіційне інтернет-представництво Президента України 10166:Офіційне інтернет-представництво Президента України 9911:

Ukraine conflict: Refugee numbers soar as war rages

9709:"У 2024 році Україна подасть заявку на вступ до ЄС" 9483:Офіційне інтернет-представництво Президента України 9336:"Ukraine crisis: Yanukovych announces 'peace deal'" 8034: 7859:. Random House Publishing Group. pp. 791–793. 7680: 5594:in Russia and Belarus as a result of the invasion. 4846: 4816:Also on 1 December 1991, Ukrainian voters in their 4647:In the 1960s and 1980s, it was in Ukraine that the 3904: 3594:and some were able to achieve great success there. 2453:dynasty, while Volhynia was initially ruled by the 12014:. Jordan Center for the Advanced Study of Russia. 11786:Literary Politics in the Soviet Ukraine, 1917–1934 11537: 11232:; Nesebio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2013). 10858:Bohdan Krawchenko, "Ukrainian studies in Canada." 10068: 8879:Adrian Karatnycky, "Ukraine's Orange Revolution," 8842: 8575: 8272: 8173: 6460:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 116. 6079: 5131:. The Tomos was presented to the head of the OCU, 4558:Location of the Ukrainian SSR (yellow) within the 4243:, ensuring that cultural development aligned with 4005:Continued struggle and exile of the UPR government 3935:, regions with significant Ukrainian populations. 3886:, opposition to Skoropadsky's regime intensified. 3846:Amid growing unrest, a coup d'état led by General 3705: 3375:(45 thousand people) under the command of General 2076: 2001:, assumed the role of regent for their young son, 1637:from the 6th century. Although the origins of the 1497:stayed in the area but came under the sway of the 1460:presence during the middle of the 1st century AD. 1449:. Afterwards the Bosporan Kingdom was made into a 965:in 1991. This started a period of transition to a 11624:Nazi Empire-Building and the Holocaust in Ukraine 10010:"Ukraine Is in Danger of Becoming a Failed State" 9095:The Party of Regions monopolises power in Ukraine 8615:: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. 4079: 2819: 2391:Galicia-Volhynia. Kingdom of Ruthenia (1199–1349) 2317: 1815: 1804: 1692:nations. Northern migrations, reaching almost to 1426:thrived until it was invaded and occupied by the 988:suspended preparations for the implementation of 898:in September 1939, the Ukrainian SSR's territory 786:greatly weakened the Swedish army. Following the 14154: 12115:Teaching and Studying Ukraine: List of Resources 10612:Gramer, Amy Mackinnon, Robbie (5 October 2022). 10571:Bruegel | The Brussels-based economic think tank 10540:Pikulicka-Wilczewska, Agnieszka (19 July 2017). 10519:Bruegel | The Brussels-based economic think tank 10240:"Зеленський ввів у дію санкції проти Медведчука" 9842:Ukraine underplays role of far right in conflict 9204:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14459446 8146:| Polish-Ukrainian Conflict over Eastern Galicia 7275: 5601:, a handicap whose cause was attributed to high 5391:) and economic reforms started. On 25 May 2014, 4365:Stalin's economic strategy included a series of 4346:Depopulation in 1929–1933, including during the 3644:. Standing in the third row: Ivan Petrushevych, 3081: 2710:, with East Slavonic Chancery being replaced by 1797:, as well as the trade networks that surrounded 1463: 12245:History of Ukraine: Primary Documents (weblist) 11077:; Nebesio, Bohdan Y.; and Yurkevich, Myroslav. 11036:Gasparov, Boris; Raevsky-Hughes, Olga (2018) . 9983:"Petro Poroshenko becomes President of Ukraine" 9727:"Crimea referendum: Voters 'back Russia union'" 9386: 9308: 8810: 8570: 8347:; Zenon Kuzelia, Енциклопедія українознавства 8168: 7715: 7530:"Эпиграфические памятники Каффы | Старый музей" 7505:"О СОПЕРНИЧЕСТВЕ ВЕНЕЦИИ С ГЕНУЕЮ В XIV-м ВЕКЕ" 7397:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. 2001 7244:The gates of Europe : a history of Ukraine 7137: 1997:Following the death of Igor in 945, his widow, 1880:— and calls them retainers of the Scandinavian 1150:flourished from about 4,500–3,000 BC. The 12012:Jordan Center for the Advanced Study of Russia 11509:, Ulas Samchuk, Yurii Klen, and Dokia Humenna. 11116:A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples 11042:. University of California Press. p. 374. 10956:The Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text 8270: 7819:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 4. 7246:. New York: Basic Books. pp. (p. 48–52). 5317:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation 5292:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation 4996:resulted in about 80 deaths in February 2014. 4616:The deportees were transported in such wagons. 3893:, a coalition of anti-Hetmanate forces led by 3787: 13763: 13190: 12283: 12121: 11663:, Mitchell Vallentine & Co, 2005. 394 pp. 11392:. Yale University Press; 2nd edition (2002). 11156:"Was There a Riurikid Dynasty in Early Rus'?" 11099:; University of Toronto Press. 1963; 1188 pp. 11002:. Institute Press (Edmonton, Alberta), 1939: 8883:Vol. 84, No. 2 (Mar. – Apr. 2005), pp. 35–52 8804: 8402:"War Communism to NEP: the road from serfdom" 8162: 6574:Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 6191:"Neanderthals built homes with mammoth bones" 5582:around the world, along with mass arrests of 5562:on Russia and its ally Belarus, and provided 5478:Ukraine. Russia quickly occupied much of the 5034:with the EU. Ukrainian citizens were granted 2130:, but in 988, he made a historic decision to 630:in antiquity, Ukraine was largely settled by 574: 12100: 11811: 10637:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 10316:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9955: 9953: 9242: 8533: 6395:Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond (1959). 6174:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6109:"Ukraine – macroeconomic economic situation" 5978:Quirks and Quarks Podcast with Bob Macdonald 5726:(1834–1908), based in Kiev, and his student 5586:, which also enacted a law enabling greater 4966:Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement 4578:(UN) together with the Soviet Union and the 4144:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 3450:Emigration of Christians from Crimea in 1778 3331:with the support of the Ukrainian Cossacks, 3223:. 1657–1686 was the period characterised by 2752:, joined by other Ukrainians, such as early 1434:in the 4th century AD. From 62 to 68 AD the 996:, instead choosing to seek closer ties with 732:against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 12189:Ukraine: Briefly about Her Past and Present 11907:(Central European University Press 2009). . 11626:. U. of North Carolina Press, 2005. 307 pp. 11544:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. 10469:"GDP per capita (Current US$ ) | Data" 10071:"Ukraine's constitution: reform or crisis?" 9406: 8450: 8370:Resources for Teaching History : 14–16 8150: 8097: 7446:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, p62 7138:Franklin, Simon; Shepard, Jonathan (1996), 6388: 5634:It has been suggested that this section be 5538:on 30 September. The invasion was met with 4745:or "trident", a design proposed in 1917 by 3292:and were among the first presidents of the 2898:Control of the territory of Ukraine in 1600 1122: 948:enabled more political and cultural freedom 705:. The latter two would then merge into the 13770: 13756: 13197: 13183: 12290: 12276: 12158:Ярослав Грицак (Yaroslav Hrytsak) (1996). 11178: 11011: 10814:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10737:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10702: 10007: 9815:"Russian Roulette (Dispatch Thirty-Eight)" 9111:Ukraine launches battle against corruption 7585:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6931: 6860: 6690: 6509:(in Italian). Vita e Pensiero. p. 6. 6502: 6321:"Trypillian Civilization 5,508 – 2,750 BC" 6299:"Early human fossils unearthed in Ukraine" 5616: 3254:returned those lands to the Commonwealth. 2918:or took part in campaigns abroad (such as 2173:, representing the daughters of Yaroslav I 1633:during the 5th century, and beyond to the 1485:around 250–375 AD, which they called 1438:briefly annexed the kingdom under Emperor 969:, in which Ukraine suffered an eight-year 581: 567: 12008:"What do Scholars of Russia owe Ukraine?" 11468: 11403: 11303:The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine 11153: 10975:Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian (20 March 2018). 10974: 10542:"Why the reforms in Ukraine are so slow?" 10382:Bigg, Matthew Mpoke (13 September 2022). 9950: 9143:Ukraine:Journalists Face Uncertain Future 9063:Ukraine viewpoint: Novelist Andrey Kurkov 8635: 8103: 8091: 8011: 7987:"Документи про заборону української мови" 7900:Останнього кошового відправили на Соловки 7812: 7808: 7806: 7798: 7415: 6809: 6793: 6725: 6428: 6313: 6296: 6273: 6263: 6121: 5319:occurred. Although official results of a 4543: 4540:in 1939 were added to the Ukrainian SSR. 2271:, convened by several princes, including 1684:. Migrations from Ukraine throughout the 11827:(1995). "Does Ukraine Have a History?". 11366:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 10903: 10481: 10290: 9431: 8660: 8564: 8502: 8433:The Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia 8393: 8202: 8028: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7550: 7391:"Romanovych dynasty [Romanovyc]" 7175: 6916: 6803: 6343: 5703:" (the Black Sea coast and southeastern 5405: 5299: 5251:on issues of common interest related to 4986:taking over various government buildings 4951: 4884:Orange-clad demonstrators gather in the 4879: 4799: 4732: 4714:Ukrainian President Leonid Kravchuk and 4709: 4611: 4553: 4418: 4390:Political repression and the Great Purge 4341: 4268: 4195: 4089: 4008: 3979: 3937: 3868: 3797: 3596: 3480: 3417:stewards in Ukraine increased, bands of 3389: 3317: 3309: 3207:and a colony on the Russian frontier in 3191: 3148: 3097: 2912:enlisted by the Commonwealth as soldiers 2893: 2829: 2478: 2327: 2254: 2164: 2112: 2045: 1981: 1895: 1819: 1593:Archaeological cultures associated with 1588: 1585:Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe 1415:in the 7th or 6th century BC during the 1377: 1261: 1126: 757:Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth 12218:E-learning course. History of Ukraine. 12113:Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, " 12094:East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 11109: 10914:Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies 10873:East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 10847:East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 10690: 10592:"Ukraine Country Assistance Evaluation" 10355: 9629:"Денис Шмигаль – новий прем'єр України" 9504:Лащенко, Олександр (26 November 2020). 9503: 8957:Ukraine country profile – Overview 2012 8665:(in Polish). Wolters Kluwer. p. 9. 8429: 8399: 8338: 7427: 7377: 6923:"Kiëv; Rusland §2. Het Rijk van Kiëv". 6646: 6567: 6534: 6041:. Oxford University Press. p. 199. 4947:the 2011 sentencing of Yulia Tymoshenko 2291:. An educated ruler, Monomakh authored 2211: 1933:Route from the Varangians to the Greeks 1560:claimed dominion over the territory of 1033:internationally unrecognized referendum 14155: 11513: 11276: 10933:. Russell & Russell. p. 404. 10651: 10611: 10441: 10008:Bershidsky, Leonid (6 November 2015). 8600: 8578:The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire 8436:. Yale University Press. p. 195. 7854: 7803: 7714:Darjusz Kołodziejczyk, as reported by 7635: 7599: 7468:. Library of Polish Literature POWRÓT. 7241: 7112: 6978: 6810:Tarasenko, Leonid (27 February 2008). 6737: 6606: 6455: 5494:, and were forced to retreat from the 5433:occurred on 25 November 2018 when the 5343:. In April 2014 Ukrainian separatists 5281: 5030:On 1 January 2016, Ukraine joined the 5015: 4684:Declaration of Independence of Ukraine 4510:Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance 4307:Collective farming § Soviet Union 3471:Empires and Ukrainian National Revival 3267:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 2942:. This led to an increasing number of 2814: 2723:the union between Poland and Lithuania 2061:, Sviatoslav's eldest son, became the 1779:. The Khazars dominated enough of the 1617:(6th to 7th century, Slavic expansion) 1489:, corresponding to the archaeological 1107:. The earliest documented evidence of 1082:1.4 million year old stone tools from 401:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 13779:History of current European countries 13751: 13204: 13178: 12271: 12135: 11441: 11378:A Ukrainian translation is available 11206: 10981:. Central European University Press. 10925: 10442:Maynes, Charles (30 September 2022). 10040: 9961:"Ukraine Reform Monitor: August 2015" 8430:Daniels, Robert V. (1 October 2008). 8157:Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5, 1993 7956: 7954: 7952: 7938:; University of Toronto Press; 2000. 7783: 7344:Sedov, Valentin Vasilyevich (2013) . 7343: 7337: 7091: 6943:. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 6884: 6878: 6872: 6003: 5966: 5638:out into another article titled 4994:Battles between protesters and police 4741:, adopted 19 February 1992, show the 4586:to ensure a degree of balance in the 4536:that were annexed as a result of the 4311:Industrialization in the Soviet Union 4231:in education, government, and media. 4182:Ukrainization and New Economic Policy 3984:The signing of the Act Zluky, on the 3367:and actually gained control over the 1311:, these peoples were followed by the 1211:, Cucuteni-Trypillia culture, 3800 BC 1162:further east, succeeded by the early 1158:resided in the western part, and the 1071: 12297: 11930:Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute 11673:Aslund, Anders, and Michael McFaul. 11617:East European Politics and Societies 11022:NASU Institute of History of Ukraine 10767:Serhii Plokhy, "Beyond Nationality" 10482:Bullough, Oliver (6 February 2015). 10381: 9387:Taylor, Charles (28 February 2014). 9309:Sandford Daniel (19 February 2014). 9127:Ukrainians' long wait for prosperity 8609:Ukraine: Perestroika to Independence 7205:Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas 6960:from the original on 17 October 2014 6885:Hanak, Walter K. (10 October 2013). 6775:from the original on 2 February 2014 6610:Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire 6435:. Hawkins Publications. p. 69. 6297:Carpenter, Jennifer (20 June 2011). 6231: 6219:from the original on 3 December 2013 6188: 5774:and the more distant history of the 5620: 5470:, Russian forces built up along the 5448:vessels attempting to pass from the 4910:relations between Russia and Ukraine 4038:, culminating in the signing of the 3720:Ukraine after the Russian Revolution 3122:, which started an era known as the 2867:New schools spread the ideas of the 2780:, but without capturing the latter. 2682:, joined the governing class of the 2538:, receiving formal recognition from 2293:The Instruction of Vladimir Monomakh 961:Ukraine became independent when the 13712:History of the Mediterranean region 12006:Smith-Peter, Susan (1 April 2022). 11525:Red Famine: Stalin's War on Ukraine 11476:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 10356:Ellyatt, Holly (24 February 2022). 9701: 9683: 9574: 9432:Starobin, Paul (18 December 2023). 9154:Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting 8607:Taras Kuzio; Andrew Wilson (1994). 8482:Red Famine: Stalin's War on Ukraine 8349:(Encyclopedia of Ukrainian studies) 8237:. Librairie Droz 1968. pp. 419–420. 8159:entry written by Andrzej Chojnowski 7857:Peter the Great: His Life and World 7115:The dynasty of Chernigov. 1054-1146 7066: 6637:, Paris, Vol.23, 1965. pp. 178, 190 6290: 5331:The Crimean crisis was followed by 5143:. On 9 January, all members of the 4769:for Ukrainian independence between 4716:President of the Russian Federation 4582:. This was part of a deal with the 4530:South Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina 4167:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 4161:Ukraine in Soviet Union (1922–1991) 4140:Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic 4106:) gained in 1920, partially (Okrug 4017:(left) and exiled Ukrainian leader 3306:Liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich 3300:Liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich 3179:thirteen years of incessant warfare 2562: 2152:Charter on Church Courts and Tithes 1793:Jews who traded as far as China to 1292:", and on the reverse the heads of 944:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 858:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 841:(1917–1921) followed, in which the 13: 12422:Revolution and War of Independence 11771:Ukraine: State and Nation Building 11491:(Marquette University Press 1958). 11481: 11264:from the original on 23 April 2023 10214:"УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №64/2021" 10162:"УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №43/2021" 8858:Ukraine country profile – Overview 8326:from the original on 19 April 2023 7949: 7269:Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins 7158:from the original on 23 April 2023 6925:Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins 6849:Gasparov & Raevsky-Hughes 2018 6837:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953 6714:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953 6675: 6189:Gray, Richard (18 December 2011). 5901:History of Christianity in Ukraine 5815:Canadian historiography on Ukraine 5365:pro-Ukrainian volunteer battalions 5135:, during a joint liturgy with the 5106:Commonwealth of Independent States 4678:Independent Ukraine (1991–present) 3969: 3835: 3288:, played an important role in the 3265:through the Synodal Letter of the 3263:annexed by the Moscow Patriarchate 2110:agriculture and animal husbandry. 2089:History of Christianity in Ukraine 1716:Arrival of the Bulgars and Khazars 1648:In the 5th and 6th centuries, the 767:) was to come under Russian rule. 14: 14179: 12226: 11999:(May/June 2022) 101#1 pp. 54–63. 11913:. "Ukrainian studies in Canada". 11667: 11656:. Indiana U. Press, 2002. 202 pp. 11565:. Harvard U. Press, 2004. 448 pp. 11409:Ukraine: Birth of a Modern Nation 11390:The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation 10899:Bibliography of Ukrainian history 10415: 8636:Rosenfeld, Alvin H., ed. (2013). 8368:"The New Economic Policy (NEP)", 7481:. 5 February 2018. Archived from 7267:"Rusland §2. Het Rijk van Kiëv". 6062:"Ukraine – The famine of 1932–33" 6037:Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. (1963). 5953:International Museum of the Horse 5592:companies closed their operations 5062:Russian anti-Ukrainian propaganda 4895:protests in Kiev and other cities 3538:authors of the 19th century were 3459: 3155:Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks 2848:in 1569 and the formation of the 2341:In 1222, new nomads, the warlike 1917: 2. After A. M. Nasonov 1092:has been documented into distant 922:, assisting them in carrying out 829:following the dissolution of the 421:Post-Soviet transition in Ukraine 395: 13697:Bibliography of European history 13292:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 12739:Ukraine–European Union relations 12595:Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine 12437:West Ukrainian People's Republic 12231: 11446:. London: Hambledon and London. 11250:: Scarecrow Press. p. 992. 11235:Historical Dictionary of Ukraine 11160:Canadian-American Slavic Studies 11081:. Second edition (2013). 968 pp. 11079:Historical Dictionary of Ukraine 10919:Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine 10865: 10852: 10839: 10826: 10774: 10761: 10745: 10696: 10671: 10645: 10605: 10584: 10559: 10533: 10507: 10475: 10461: 10435: 10409: 10375: 10349: 10324: 10284: 10258: 10232: 10206: 10180: 10154: 10115: 10089: 10062: 10034: 10001: 9975: 9927: 9904: 9881: 9858: 9835: 9772: 9719: 9665: 9647: 9621: 9595: 9568: 9538: 9516: 9497: 9471: 9454:"Україна остаточно вийшла з СНД" 9446: 9425: 9380: 9354: 9328: 9302: 9279: 9256: 9219: 9174: 9040: 9014: 8998: 8972: 8896: 8873: 8794: 8785: 8776: 8767: 8756: 8747: 8735: 8717: 8687: 8669: 8654: 8629: 8555: 8546: 8496: 8473: 8423: 8361: 8308: 8304:| Ukraine in the interwar period 8297: 8264: 8251: 8240: 8227: 8139: 8128: 7989:. 19 August 2016. Archived from 7207:56, No. 1 (Spring 2008): 72–113. 7141:The Emergence of Russia 750–1200 6458:A dictionary of the Roman Empire 5870: 5625: 5558:expelled Russia. Many countries 5522:, Russia officially annexed the 5022:Ukraine–European Union relations 4847:Orange Revolution and Euromaidan 4598:in 1948–1949 and 1984–1985. The 4102:river (Eastern Donbass, part of 4098:1919–1954. Russian East bank of 3911:West Ukrainian People's Republic 3905:West Ukrainian People's Republic 3778:West Ukrainian People's Republic 3357:slave raid of the Crimean Tatars 3290:church reform of Peter the Great 2783:The 15th-century decline of the 1216: 1201: 1186: 1000:. This decision resulted in the 827:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria 550: 351:West Ukrainian People's Republic 296:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria 42: 13722:History of Western civilization 13325:Christianity in the Middle Ages 12147:Volume 1 by Natalia Yakovenko, 11818:List of Slavic studies journals 11712:Politics and Society in Ukraine 11097:Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia 10892: 10755:2006 34(4): 407–427, online in 10658:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 10652:Prince, Todd (1 January 2023). 10416:Ortiz, John Bacon and Jorge L. 10358:"Russian forces invade Ukraine" 10073:. OpenDemocracy. Archived from 10041:Kuzio, Taras (25 August 2015). 8539:Petrovsky David Alexandrovich. 8112:McGill-Queen's University Press 8059: 8017: 7979: 7926: 7915: 7904: 7893: 7882: 7873: 7848: 7774: 7740: 7708: 7674: 7636:Millar, Robert (21 July 2010). 7629: 7593: 7544: 7522: 7497: 7471: 7449: 7433: 7383: 7312: 7286: 7260: 7235: 7210: 7197: 7188: 7169: 7131: 7106: 7097: 7052:Большая российская энциклопедия 7040: 7017: 6996: 6956:. Britannica.com. 22 May 2014. 6946: 6905: 6814:. geocities.com. Archived from 6731: 6696: 6684: 6640: 6627: 6600: 6561: 6496: 6474: 6449: 6422: 6398:A history of Greece to 322 B.C. 6379: 6370: 6205: 6182: 5848:" augmenting, if not replacing 5544:United Nations General Assembly 5426:and his wife Oksana Marchenko. 5197:became the new Prime Minister. 4970:protests on the streets of Kyiv 4921:dispute over natural gas prices 4897:("Orange Revolution"), and the 4596:United Nations Security Council 4454: 3950:The WUPR government, headed by 3706:War of Independence (1917–1922) 3690:tsarist authorities. After the 3530:began, foremostly the works of 2834:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 2117:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 2083:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 2077:Golden Age and Christianisation 1759:. The kingdom included western 864:. Initial Soviet policy on the 810:developed in the 19th century. 593: 13566:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 13509:Christianity in the modern era 13280:Christianity in late antiquity 12521:Annexation of Crimea by Russia 12378:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 11286:. Cambridge University Press. 11185:. Cambridge University Press. 10836:2007 (3): 93–138, in Ukrainian 9552:(in Ukrainian). Archived from 9362:"Profile: Olexander Turchynov" 8409:Journal of Libertarian Studies 8372:, Bloomsbury Education, 2010, 8279:. U of Toronto Press. p. 8216:, McGill-Queen's Press, 1992, 7347:Славяне в раннем Средневековье 7028:Удельная раздробленность Руси. 6758:10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1492467.V1 6401:Clarendon Press. p. 109. 6101: 6054: 6045: 6030: 5997: 5941: 5928: 5552:International Court of Justice 5444:fired upon and captured three 5218:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 5149:Constantinople Orthodox Church 5066:Ministry of Information Policy 5064:of the "information war", the 4988:, first in Kyiv, and later in 4609:to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954. 4080:Formation of the Ukrainian SSR 3944:Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko 3329:Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 3064: 2854:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland 2850:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 2820:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 2787:enabled the foundation of the 2577:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland 2522:. In 1253, Daniel was crowned 2449:. Galicia was governed by the 2417:had established the cities of 2324:Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' 2318:Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' 2198:and supported the election of 2171:Saint Sophia's Cathedral, Kiev 2138:, adopting the faith from the 1888:, allegedly came to Kiev from 1816:Origin and foundation of state 1805:Kievan Rus' (9th century–1240) 1696:, led to the emergence of the 1572: 1567: 1413:other coastal areas of Ukraine 1035:in the largely ethnic Russian 728:After a 1648 rebellion of the 707:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 703:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland 221:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 176:Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' 1: 13717:History of the European Union 11604:Stalinist Rule in the Ukraine 11207:Curta, Florin (8 July 2019). 9434:"Ukraine's real power broker" 9166:. 25 May 2011. Archived from 7966:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com 7722:The Journal of Jewish Studies 7668:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com 7623:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com 7144:, Routledge, pp. 323–4, 6535:Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). 5994:(Link does not exist anymore) 5921: 5584:anti-war protesters in Russia 4976:. Protesters set up camps in 4928:presidential election of 2010 4824:. During his presidency, the 4810:Ukrainian War of Independence 4094:Territorial evolution of the 3736:Ukrainian War of Independence 3716:Ukrainian War of Independence 3694:, Ukrainians established the 3603:Shevchenko Scientific Society 3601:The board and members of the 3082:Cossack Hetmanate (1649–1764) 2920:Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny 2883:peasants remained within the 2776:, and reached as far west as 2760:, in addition to Moldavians ( 2651:). Lithuania took control of 2461:dynasty. During the reign of 1464:Arrival of the Goths and Huns 1278:Tiberius Julius Sauromates II 1227: 1066: 862:republics of the Soviet Union 654:were previously colonized by 341:Ukrainian War of Independence 13051:Intangible Cultural Heritage 12469:Eastern Front (World War II) 12454:Ukrainian National Committee 12142:Essays on History on Ukraine 12074:Journal of Ukrainian Studies 12032:Journal of Ukrainian Studies 11960:Quo Vadis Ukrainian History? 11695:10.1080/0965156X.2013.841797 10703:Velychenko, Stephen (1993). 9609:(in Ukrainian). 4 March 2020 8640:. Indiana University Press. 8378:10.5040/9781472926647.ch-034 8104:Shkandrij, Myroslav (2001). 8035:Europa Publications (1999). 8024:Russian Civil War, 1917–1921 7813:Shkandrij, Myroslav (2001). 7697:. p. 27. Archived from 7557:. New York, NY. p. 69. 7218:"КАЛКА, БИТВА НА РІЧЦІ 1223" 7054:(in Russian). 17 August 2023 6265:10.1371/journal.pone.0020834 6213:"Molodova I and V (Ukraine)" 5605:levels and the slow pace of 5460:on their way to the port of 5237:Foreign Ministers of Georgia 5088:and Russian social networks 4908:During the Yushchenko term, 4001:WUPR against Polish forces. 3432:Most of Ukraine fell to the 3231:was occupied by the Turkish 2486:Galician–Volhynian Chronicle 1359:, such as parts of nowadays 1238: 1136:Yamna or "pit grave" culture 977:until it plunged during the 817:of warfare ensued after the 794:in the 1770s. Following the 755:, which would have formed a 336:Ukraine after the Revolution 7: 13676:Russian invasion of Ukraine 13287:Crisis of the Third Century 12427:Ukrainian People's Republic 11870:Archiv für Sozialgeschichte 11335:Snyder, Timothy D. (2003). 11142:Georgetown University Press 11106:(U of Toronto Press, 2016). 10043:"Money Still Rules Ukraine" 8822:University of Toronto Press 8182:University of Toronto Press 7532:(in Russian). 26 March 2019 6940:Serpent Walls (ЗМІЄВІ ВАЛИ) 6635:Revue des études byzantines 6545:University of Toronto Press 6429:Mitchiner, Michael (1978). 6051:Riasanovsky (1963), p. 537. 5906:History of the Soviet Union 5863: 5691:as "Kievan Russia" and its 5296:Russian invasion of Ukraine 5179:Servant of the People party 4818:first presidential election 4763:referendum in December 1991 4751:Ukrainian People's Republic 4727:dissolving the Soviet Union 4471:took most of Eastern Poland 4360:Ukrainian national identity 4204:program aimed at fostering 3804:Ukrainian People's Republic 3794:Ukrainian People's Republic 3788:Ukrainian People's Republic 3766:Ukrainian People's Republic 3492:Ukraine under the reign of 3219:had been incorporated into 3196:Territory gained after the 2946:aimed at the Commonwealth. 2277:“Let everyone hold his own” 1728:) with its capital city of 1474:In the 3rd century AD, the 1280:, his bust depicted on the 1156:Cucuteni-Trypillian Culture 1148:Cucuteni-Trypillian Culture 1037:Ukrainian autonomous region 942:, succeeded as head of the 920:collaborated with the Nazis 891:After the Soviet Union and 749:Russo-Polish War of 1654–67 476:Russian invasion of Ukraine 436:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes 346:Ukrainian People's Republic 61:Trypillian–Cucuteni culture 10: 14184: 13732:Military history of Europe 13727:Maritime history of Europe 12449:Reichskommissariat Ukraine 12256:Ukrainian history overview 12122:Primary sources in English 11815: 11154:Ostrowski, Donald (2018). 11095:Kubijovyč, Volodymyr, ed. 11012:Garipzanov, Ildar (2006), 10896: 9677:www.eurointegration.com.ua 9226:Why is Ukraine in turmoil? 9106:Centre for Eastern Studies 8932:Profile: Viktor Yushchenko 8351:, 3-volumes, Kyiv, 1994, 7855:Massie, Robert K. (2012). 6738:Motsia, Oleksandr (2009). 6613:. McFarland. p. 137. 6503:Migliorati, Guido (2003). 6154:10.1038/s41586-024-07151-3 6087:"Macroeconomic Indicators" 5823:approach. However, émigré 5803:, Soviet-era repressions, 5801:Orthodox Church in Ukraine 5662:Ukrainian National Revival 5659: 5540:international condemnation 5520:Ukrainian counteroffensive 5389:the law on decommunization 5285: 5117:Orthodox Church of Ukraine 5019: 4867:2004 presidential election 4850: 4687: 4681: 4547: 4461:Reichskommissariat Ukraine 4458: 4393: 4304: 4259:Communist Party of Ukraine 4185: 4170: 4164: 4083: 3973: 3908: 3839: 3791: 3733: 3723: 3712:Ukraine during World War I 3709: 3550:in the Russian Empire and 3524:Ukrainian national revival 3477:Ukrainian National Revival 3474: 3463: 3454:Second Partition of Poland 3303: 3243:came under the control of 3091: 3085: 3074: 3068: 2823: 2566: 2483:Fragment of a copy of the 2394: 2321: 2287:, the daughter of English 2215: 2086: 2080: 1969:Rus-Byzantine trade treaty 1808: 1625:, in the aftermath of the 1582: 1576: 1467: 1254:Greeks in pre-Roman Crimea 1247: 1181:in the 3rd millennium BC. 1075: 1045:de facto annexed by Russia 1016:. Soon after, pro-Russian 1012:began when Russian forces 940:Communist Party of Ukraine 910:from 1941 to 1944. During 621:domestication of the horse 411:Reichskommissariat Ukraine 381:Communist Party of Ukraine 331:Ukraine during World War I 14134: 14086: 14048: 13785: 13702:Genetic history of Europe 13684: 13489: 13305: 13245: 13212: 13143: 13084: 12942: 12831: 12822: 12765: 12756: 12665: 12656: 12580: 12571: 12541: 12315: 12306: 12101:Teaching and study guides 11887:(55, 2): 35–42, 355–364. 11872:, vol. 34 (1994): 95–110. 11812:Historiography and memory 11634:Ukraine under the Soviets 11179:Stephenson, Paul (2000). 11172:10.1163/22102396-05201009 9524:"Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο" 9286:Ukraine protests timeline 8904:"Yanukovych is president" 8742:Crimea profile – Overview 8400:Richman, Sheldon (1981). 7911:СОЛОВКИ В ИСТОРИИ УКРАИНЫ 7642:. Springer. p. 184. 7551:Khvalkov, Evgeny (2017). 7178:Harvard Ukrainian Studies 6607:Lawler, Jennifer (2015). 6325:The Trypillia-USA-Project 6014:10.31338/uw.9788323518808 5530:, along with most of the 5528:Luhansk People's Republic 5524:Donetsk People's Republic 5399:did not subside, and the 5353:Luhansk People's Republic 5349:Donetsk People's Republic 5154:On 21 February 2019, the 4206:Ukrainian ethnic identity 4114:) returned back in 1924; 3823:Ukrainian Central Council 3696:Supreme Ruthenian Council 3466:Modern history of Ukraine 3353:fortress of St. Elizabeth 3030: 3017: 3004: 2991: 2978: 2965: 2954: 2619:During the 14th century, 2585:, which created numerous 2359:Battle of the Kalka River 2349:steppes and defeated the 2150:. He also introduced the 2124:worship of Slavic deities 1979:, who killed him in 945. 1481:into the lands of modern 761:Treaty of Perpetual Peace 759:. In consequence, by the 652:southern parts of Ukraine 326:Modern history of Ukraine 12881:hybrid variant (2020-22) 12670:Administrative divisions 12373:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 11661:Holocaust In The Ukraine 11647:Canadian Slavonic Papers 11138:The Story of the Ukraine 10882:28 February 2019 at the 10709:. New York. p. 23. 10143:26 December 2015 at the 9939:23 December 2015 at the 9893:11 November 2016 at the 9231:18 December 2013 at the 9100:3 September 2011 at the 8489:27 February 2022 at the 7716:Mikhail Kizilov (2007). 7694:The Jamestown Foundation 6991:Katchanovski et al. 2013 6740: 6456:Bunson, Matthew (1995). 6114:22 February 2012 at the 6091:National Bank of Ukraine 5916: 5911:List of Ukrainian rulers 5641:Ukrainian historiography 5498:after failing to occupy 5438:Federal Security Service 5212:and Ukraine created the 4899:Supreme Court of Ukraine 4504:and in return demanding 4498:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 4482:invaded the Soviet Union 4465:The Holocaust in Ukraine 4273:"Nepmen", caricature by 4210:School of Red Commanders 3923:, including the city of 3817:and the collapse of the 2684:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 2649:Russiae dominus et Heres 2627:fought wars against the 2573:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 2043:near the Dnieper river. 1951:playing a central role. 1747:The Khazars founded the 1401:, 1st century AD, Crimea 1371:, before it returned to 1351:army subjugated several 1123:Neolithic and Bronze Age 1063:of much of the country. 1043:was held and Crimea was 1004:protests and later, the 990:an association agreement 924:the Holocaust in Ukraine 916:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 699:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 617:Indo-European migrations 191:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 186:Principality of Moldavia 13707:History of Christianity 12516:2014 pro-Russian unrest 11899:Kasianov, Georgiy, and 11805:excerpt and text search 11737:excerpt and text search 11649:(2012) 54#3 pp 469–490. 11619:(2013) 27#1 pp 149–181. 11487:Kononenko, Konstantyn. 11417:Oxford University Press 11301:Plokhy, Serhii (2015). 11090:excerpt and text search 11056:Translated into English 11048:History of Ukraine-Rus' 10916:, partly online as the 10910:Encyclopedia of Ukraine 10875:(2018) 5#1 pp 115–137. 9757:Ukraine crisis timeline 9268:1 December 2008 at the 9209:21 October 2018 at the 9084:1 December 2017 at the 9068:11 October 2018 at the 9052:14 October 2017 at the 9022:"The Orange Revolution" 8980:"The Orange Revolution" 8937:23 October 2017 at the 8890:6 December 2018 at the 8695:"Mariusz Zajączkowski: 8468:Encyclopædia Britannica 8457:"The famine of 1932–33" 8271:Orest Subtelny (2000). 7395:Encyclopedia of Ukraine 7324:resource.history.org.ua 7242:Plokhy, Serhii (2015). 7222:resource.history.org.ua 7113:Dimnik, Martin (1994). 6647:Barford, P. M. (2001). 6586:10.1163/157005799X00188 6356:Encyclopædia Britannica 6066:Encyclopædia Britannica 5617:National historiography 5607:economic liberalization 5568:military aid to Ukraine 5175:parliamentary elections 5156:Constitution of Ukraine 5133:Metropolitan Epiphanius 4739:coat of arms of Ukraine 4538:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 4492:. Some elements of the 4423:Mass burial in Bykivnia 3956:Ukrainian Galician Army 3917:Austro-Hungarian Empire 3448:in 1783, following the 3259:Metropolitanate of Kiev 3102:French map of Ukraine ( 3071:History of the Cossacks 2885:Eastern Orthodox Church 2864:were greatly extended. 2839: Kingdom of Poland 2534:) by a papal legate in 2308:Principality of Polotsk 2259:Monument in Liubech by 2169:11th-century fresco of 1447:Tiberius Julius Cotys I 396:Ukraine in World War II 13828:Bosnia and Herzegovina 13531:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 13121:Immigration to Ukraine 12795:Science and technology 12744:Ukraine–NATO relations 11968:10.2307/J.CTV2902B86.6 11881:Articles on Slavistics 11710:Paul D'Anieri (1999). 11086:The History of Ukraine 11052:"Історія України-Руси" 11046:Hrushevsky, Mykhailo. 11000:History of the Ukraine 10931:The Ukraine: a history 10567:"The slow-reform trap" 9148:5 October 2011 at the 8697:1943 Volhynia massacre 8638:Resurgent Antisemitism 8259:The History of Ukraine 7734:10.18647/2730/JJS-2007 7048:"Любечский съезд 1097" 6250:(6). plosone: e20834. 5785:three Baltic countries 5751:Marxist historiography 5741:, Eastern Slavic, and 5574:all declared Russia a 5411: 5312: 5191:Honcharuk's government 5115:, a delegation of the 5111:On 6 January 2019, in 5026:Ukraine–NATO relations 4961: 4889: 4813: 4758: 4730: 4617: 4563: 4544:Post-war Ukrainian SSR 4502:Second Polish Republic 4424: 4374:, Dnipropetrovsk (now 4351: 4278: 4220: 4135: 4022: 3993: 3947: 3927:, as well as parts of 3874: 3810: 3657: 3648:, Yossyp Kyshakevych, 3489: 3402: 3323: 3315: 3200: 3162: 3107: 2899: 2841: 2670:After the downfall of 2648: 2551:, named after his son 2531: 2490: 2457:and eventually by the 2338: 2263: 2192:Saint Sophia Cathedral 2174: 2118: 2054: 1994: 1928: 1834: 1783:such that there was a 1724:(often referred to as 1618: 1615:Prague-Korchak horizon 1558:Eastern Roman emperors 1402: 1304: 1139: 1078:Ukrainian stone stelae 1047:on 18 March 2014. The 1020:enveloped the largely 963:Soviet Union dissolved 782:in 1708. However, the 666:it was also a site of 366:Directorate of Ukraine 13611:Industrial Revolution 12531:2022 Russian invasion 12499:Revolution of Dignity 12240:at Wikimedia Commons 12216:Alexander F. Tsvirkun 12206:Alexander F. Tsvirkun 12194:11 April 2016 at the 12065:Velychenko, Stephen, 12058:Velychenko, Stephen, 11877:Hrushevskyi, Mykhailo 11760:Kutaisov, Aleksandr. 11536:Boshyk, Yuri (1986). 11501:Shkandrij, Myroslav. 10904:Surveys and reference 10818:) CS1 maint: others ( 9784:19 March 2015 at the 9216:, (24 September 2011) 9201:, (24 September 2011) 9132:21 March 2017 at the 9116:21 March 2017 at the 8863:25 March 2022 at the 8613:University of Alberta 6891:. BRILL. p. 15. 6004:Kroll, Piotr (2008). 5936:Shaping World History 5842:post-colonial studies 5759:transnational history 5666:Ukrainian nationalism 5660:Further information: 5599:the poorest in Europe 5472:Russia-Ukraine Border 5431:Kerch Strait incident 5409: 5385:the law on lustration 5303: 5268:2008 Bucharest Summit 5098:Government of Hungary 5020:Further information: 4974:Revolution of Dignity 4972:and, ultimately, the 4955: 4943:Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko 4883: 4861:Revolution of Dignity 4803: 4777:. Ukraine officially 4736: 4713: 4688:Further information: 4615: 4557: 4508:for Ukrainians (e.g. 4496:underground formed a 4494:Ukrainian nationalist 4439:archives (before the 4422: 4345: 4272: 4199: 4171:Further information: 4093: 4012: 3983: 3941: 3919:. It was centered in 3899:Volodymyr Vynnychenko 3872: 3856:Hetman of all Ukraine 3801: 3744:Battle of Kiev (1918) 3724:Further information: 3652:, Denys Lukianovych, 3640:, Oleksandr Kolessa, 3618:Yevheniya Yaroshynska 3600: 3544:Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky 3484: 3475:Further information: 3393: 3321: 3313: 3284:, both alumni of the 3195: 3152: 3101: 2897: 2889:Stanisław Orzechowski 2833: 2665:Battle of Blue Waters 2663:, and Kiev following 2482: 2413:control. Previously, 2331: 2258: 2200:Metropolitan Hilarion 2168: 2136:Orthodox Christianity 2116: 2087:Further information: 2049: 1985: 1899: 1824:"Rus' land" from the 1823: 1781:Pontic–Caspian steppe 1592: 1583:Further information: 1468:Further information: 1381: 1325:Novocherkassk culture 1303:, dated 198 or 199 AD 1265: 1130: 1105:mammoth bone dwelling 1006:Revolution of Dignity 808:Ukrainian nationalism 780:Charles XII of Sweden 686:in the 13th century. 13666:European debt crisis 13661:European integration 13601:Age of Enlightenment 13441:Republic of Florence 12902:Freedom of the press 12639:World Heritage Sites 12634:Islands and sandbars 12407:Pereiaslav Agreement 12390:Zaporozhian Cossacks 12358:Principality of Kiev 11915:Nationalities Papers 11659:Zabarko, Boris, ed. 11442:Mason, Emma (2004). 11228:Katchanovski, Ivan; 11066:A History of Ukraine 11062:Hrushevsky, Mykhailo 10860:Nationalities Papers 10753:Nationalities Papers 10127:24 July 2016 at the 9870:23 July 2016 at the 9556:on 28 September 2020 8683:. 28 September 2019. 8582:. Palgrave. p. 8345:Volodymyr Kubiyovych 8043:Taylor & Francis 7962:"History of Ukraine" 7946:. pp 117-145-146-148 6568:Frolova, N. (1999). 6537:A History of Ukraine 6201:on 21 December 2011. 5825:Ukrainians in Canada 5809:politics of identity 5724:Volodymyr Antonovych 5611:institutional reform 5536:Zaporizhzhia Oblasts 5377:internally displaced 5264:2021 Brussels Summit 5253:European integration 5231:On 17 May 2021, the 5200:On 28 July 2020, in 5141:St. Sophia Cathedral 5137:Ecumenical Patriarch 4982:Maidan Nezalezhnosti 4804:The blue-and-yellow 4747:Mykhailo Hrushevskyi 4662:was the site of the 4441:collapse of the USSR 4396:Executed Renaissance 4378:), and Stalino (now 4237:Ukrainian literature 3960:Polish-Ukrainian War 3748:Polish–Ukrainian War 3740:Ukrainian–Soviet War 3730:Ukrainian–Soviet War 3726:Polish–Ukrainian War 3528:Ukrainian literature 3383:, died in prison in 3339:to the lands of the 3278:Theophan Prokopovich 3198:Khmelnytsky Uprising 3171:Pereiaslav Agreement 3120:Khmelnytsky Uprising 3094:Khmelnytsky Uprising 2906:came to be known as 2237:Grand Prince of Kiev 2212:Feudal fragmentation 2148:Church of the Tithes 2063:Grand Prince of Kiev 1973:Tale of Bygone Years 1903:in the narrow sense 1865:Tale of Bygone Years 1844:Annals of St. Bertin 1613:(300 BC to AD 400), 1609:(300 BC to AD 100), 1543:Eastern Roman Empire 1442:when he deposed the 839:Soviet–Ukrainian War 821:of 1917, as well as 796:Partitions of Poland 741:Treaty of Pereyaslav 241:Khmelnytsky Uprising 209:Early modern history 161:Principality of Kiev 14049:States with limited 13631:Revolutions of 1848 13561:Early modern France 13342:Anglo-Saxon England 13247:Classical antiquity 12506:Russo-Ukrainian War 12252:: 10 complete books 12166:: Генеза (Heneza). 12086:1.1 (2008): vii-42. 11799:Wanner, Catherine. 11743:Askold Krushelnycky 11514:1930s, World War II 11073:Ivan Katchanovski; 10949:(Rutgers UP, 1964). 10945:Bilinsky, Yaroslav 10077:on 17 February 2016 10022:on 10 November 2015 9916:8 July 2018 at the 9847:2 June 2018 at the 9762:3 June 2014 at the 9291:3 June 2014 at the 9108:(29 September 2010) 8962:9 June 2012 at the 7922:Haidamaka uprisings 7704:on 21 October 2013. 7682:Brian Glyn Williams 7463:15 May 2018 at the 6486:www.chersonesos.org 6331:on 12 December 2007 6256:2011PLoSO...620834P 6146:2024Natur.627..805G 6097:on 21 October 2007. 6039:A History of Russia 5886:Politics of Ukraine 5728:Mykhailo Hrushevsky 5315:In March 2014, the 5288:Russo-Ukrainian War 5282:Russo-Ukrainian War 5257:Eastern Partnership 5171:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 5016:Western Integration 5006:Oleksandr Turchynov 4926:By the time of the 4886:Independence Square 4653:punitive psychiatry 4634:MSS of Soviet Union 4630:deported to Siberia 4622:famine of 1946-1947 4534:Carpathian Ruthenia 4514:forced assimilation 4252:New Economic Policy 4192:New Economic Policy 3952:Yevhen Petrushevych 3806:propaganda poster: 3634:Mykhailo Hrushevsky 3607:Ivan Kotliarevsky's 3588:Mykhailo Hrushevsky 3584:Mykhailo Drahomanov 3488:self-portrait, 1840 3438:Catherine the Great 3436:under the reign of 3381:Petro Kalnyshevskyi 3286:Kyiv-Mohyla Academy 3252:Treaty of Karlowitz 3177:in 1658, but—after 3110:The 1648 Ukrainian 2951: 2815:Early modern period 2716:early modern period 2704:Old Church Slavonic 2500:Battle of Yaroslavl 2437:tribes. Initially, 2304:Kingdom of Ruthenia 2196:Kyiv Pechersk Lavra 2132:convert Kievan Rus' 1513:. Along with other 1491:Chernyakhov culture 1290:BACΙΛΕΩC CΑΥΡΟΜΑΤΟΥ 1160:Sredny Stog Culture 1138:, 3rd millennium BC 1010:Russo-Ukrainian War 938:former head of the 928:oppression of Poles 872:made Ukrainian the 850:national government 819:Russian Revolutions 784:Great Frost of 1709 599:, as a part of the 446:Russo-Ukrainian War 306:Carpathian Ruthenia 106:Chernyakhov culture 14163:History of Ukraine 13737:Crusading movement 13641:Russian Revolution 13476:Hundred Years' War 13372:Maritime republics 13275:Early Christianity 13265:Hellenistic period 13222:Paleolithic Europe 12866:Swine flu pandemic 12800:Telecommunications 12590:Biosphere reserves 12479:Chernobyl disaster 12250:History of Ukraine 12238:History of Ukraine 12220:Journal Auditorium 12210:Valentin A.Savelii 12200:Welcome to Ukraine 12136:Ukrainian language 12127:Luckyj, George S. 12076:24.1 (1999): 5–20. 11917:6.1 (1978): 26–43. 11911:Krawchenko, Bohdan 11784:Luckyj, George S. 11602:Kostiuk, Hryhory. 11568:Brandon, Ray, and 11559:Berkhoff, Karel C. 11494:Luckyj, George S. 11363:Ukraine: A History 10996:Doroshenko, Dmytro 10862:6#1 (1978): 26–43. 10601:. 8 November 2000. 10388:The New York Times 10272:. 26 November 2018 10151:(24 December 2015) 10101:UaWarExplained.com 9987:UaWarExplained.com 9878:(12 December 2014) 9855:(13 December 2014) 9715:. 29 January 2019. 9368:. 23 February 2014 9342:. 21 February 2014 9299:(21 February 2014) 9276:(19 February 2014) 9239:(21 February 2014) 9092:(20 December 2010) 9026:UaWarExplained.com 9011:(11 February 2010) 8984:UaWarExplained.com 8908:UaWarExplained.com 8817:Ukraine: A History 8731:. 12 October 2012. 8462:5 May 2015 at the 8275:Ukraine: A History 8176:Ukraine: A History 8107:Russia And Ukraine 7935:Ukraine: A History 7485:on 5 February 2018 7444:Ukraine: A History 7418:, p. 144–149. 7320:"КОРОЛІВСТВО РУСЬ" 7079:2017-09-07 at the 7033:2018-07-12 at the 7011:2018-01-24 at the 6818:on 26 October 2009 6492:on 12 August 2004. 5720:German Romanticism 5678:All-Russian nation 5412: 5401:economy of Ukraine 5333:pro-Russian unrest 5313: 5169:On 21 April 2019, 4962: 4914:relations with the 4890: 4814: 4759: 4755:Vladimir the Great 4731: 4729:, 8 December 1991. 4664:Chernobyl disaster 4649:dissident movement 4618: 4564: 4425: 4352: 4279: 4229:Ukrainian language 4221: 4136: 4023: 3994: 3948: 3889:In November 1918, 3875: 3848:Pavlo Skoropadskyi 3815:Russian Revolution 3811: 3754:October Revolution 3658: 3536:Ukrainian-language 3490: 3407:right-bank Ukraine 3405:Meanwhile, in the 3403: 3385:Solovetsky Islands 3343:, or moved to the 3324: 3316: 3213:right-bank Ukraine 3201: 3183:Truce of Andrusovo 3163: 3108: 2961:Population (est.) 2949: 2944:Cossack rebellions 2900: 2881:Ruthenian-speaking 2842: 2793:steppes of Ukraine 2686:as members of the 2491: 2415:Vladimir the Great 2339: 2300:Mstislav the Great 2269:Council of Liubech 2264: 2218:Council of Liubech 2175: 2119: 2055: 1995: 1929: 1835: 1726:Old Great Bulgaria 1619: 1607:Zarubintsy culture 1562:Cimmerian Bosporos 1521:, the colonies of 1403: 1349:Achaemenid Persian 1305: 1194:Cucuteni-Trypillia 1173:") culture of the 1140: 1072:Paleolithic period 956:transfer of Crimea 914:, elements of the 866:Ukrainian language 856:, established the 823:a simultaneous war 772:Great Northern War 737:Bohdan Khmelnytsky 557:Ukraine portal 499:Historical regions 101:Zarubintsy culture 14168:Ukrainian studies 14150: 14149: 13745: 13744: 13671:COVID-19 pandemic 13616:French Revolution 13591:Habsburg monarchy 13571:Cossack Hetmanate 13551:Portuguese Empire 13541:Absolute monarchy 13536:Thirty Years' War 13431:Holy Roman Empire 13356:Bulgarian Empire 13315:Early Middle Ages 13232:Bronze Age Europe 13206:History of Europe 13172: 13171: 13139: 13138: 12914:Human trafficking 12872:COVID-19 pandemic 12846:Gender inequality 12818: 12817: 12752: 12751: 12710:Political parties 12700:Foreign relations 12652: 12651: 12567: 12566: 12489:Orange Revolution 12474:Volhynia massacre 12236:Media related to 12062:(Edmonton, 1992). 11977:978-0-674-26882-1 11939:978-1-932650-16-7 11729:Dimarov, Anatoliy 11652:Redlich, Shimon. 11630:Manning, Clarence 11470:Vernadsky, George 11426:978-0-1953-0546-3 11373:978-0-8020-8390-6 11353:pp. 105–216. 11348:978-0-3001-0586-5 11312:978-0-4650-5091-8 11293:978-1-1394-5892-4 11220:978-90-04-39519-0 11192:978-0-521-77017-0 11134:Manning, Clarence 11126:978-1-4426-1021-7 10988:978-9-6338-6205-6 10793:978-1-003-01734-9 10716:978-1-137-05825-6 10244:Українська правда 10149:Radio Free Europe 10135:(9 December 2015) 9901:(5 December 2014) 9633:Українська правда 9156:(27 October 2010) 9140:(18 October 2010) 9124:(18 January 2011) 9076:(13 January 2011) 9058:openDemocracy.net 8521:978-3-406-80042-9 8504:Kappeler, Andreas 8443:978-0-300-13493-3 8320:ru.wikisource.org 8247:| Petliura, Symon 8052:978-1-85743-058-5 7993:on 19 August 2016 7664:"Mukha rebellion" 7649:978-0-230-28203-2 7564:978-1-351-62306-3 7455:Gloger, Zygmunt. 7361:978-86-6263-026-1 7300:on 26 August 2011 7151:978-1-317-87224-5 6898:978-90-04-26022-1 6851:, pp. 77–81. 6839:, pp. 79–80. 6620:978-1-4766-0929-4 6442:978-0-904173-16-1 6408:978-0-19-814260-7 6140:(8005): 805–810. 5854:national identity 5829:George W. Simpson 5747:Mikhail Pokrovsky 5658: 5657: 5653: 5580:Protests occurred 5560:imposed sanctions 5556:Council of Europe 5424:Viktor Medvedchuk 5187:Oleksii Honcharuk 4930:, Yushchenko and 4903:Viktor Yushchenko 4875:Viktor Yushchenko 4871:Viktor Yanukovych 4853:Orange Revolution 4826:Ukrainian economy 4795:formally dissolve 4791:Białowieża Forest 4723:Belavezha Accords 4706:Viktor Yanukovych 4698:Viktor Yushchenko 4592:an elected member 4572:international law 4490:partisan movement 4329:industrialization 4233:Ukrainian culture 4177:Operation Vistula 4066:Canadian scholar 3986:St. Sophia Square 3782:Bolshevik revkoms 3681:lived in eastern 3630:Volodymyr Hnatiuk 3622:Natalia Kobrynska 3532:Ivan Kotliarevsky 3502:November Uprising 3446:annexed by Russia 3221:Tsardom of Russia 3217:left-bank Ukraine 3175:Treaty of Hadiach 3144:Tsardom of Russia 3136:Cossack Hetmanate 3088:Cossack Hetmanate 3062: 3061: 2958:Square kilometers 2928:Tsardom of Russia 2922:in the battle of 2879:, and while most 2875:and converted to 2770:Stephen the Great 2766:Mukha's Rebellion 2583:Republic of Genoa 2520:Holy Roman Empire 2495:Daniel Romanovich 2463:Yaroslav Osmomysl 2447:Yaroslav the Wise 2353:, as part of the 2345:, arrived in the 2312:Novgorod Republic 2273:Vladimir Monomakh 2261:Giennadij Jerszow 2180:Yaroslav the Wise 2050:Death of Oleg in 1960:Primary Chronicle 1870:Primary Chronicle 1827:Primary Chronicle 1688:established many 1611:Przeworsk culture 1605:(before 500 BC), 1603:Chernoles culture 1341:Scythian campaign 1297:Septimius Severus 1117:Crimean Mountains 986:Viktor Yanukovych 952:Ukrainian revival 950:, which led to a 932:Nikita Khrushchev 874:official language 870:Ukrainian culture 831:Habsburg monarchy 788:Battle of Poltava 753:Treaty of Hadiach 745:Cossack Hetmanate 717:. Meanwhile, the 664:Early Middle Ages 591: 590: 488:Topics by history 471:COVID-19 pandemic 431:Orange Revolution 406:Volhynia genocide 291:Habsburg monarchy 251:Cossack Hetmanate 14175: 14087:Dependencies and 13786:Sovereign states 13772: 13765: 13758: 13749: 13748: 13606:Great Divergence 13521:Age of Discovery 13466:Late Middle Ages 13436:High Middle Ages 13347:Byzantine Empire 13330:Christianization 13320:Migration Period 13255:Classical Greece 13227:Neolithic Europe 13199: 13192: 13185: 13176: 13175: 13152: 13094:Ukrainian people 12829: 12828: 12775: 12763: 12762: 12663: 12662: 12607:Populated places 12578: 12577: 12383:Kiev Voivodeship 12368:Galicia–Volhynia 12313: 12312: 12292: 12285: 12278: 12269: 12268: 12235: 12177: 12106:John Vsetecka, " 12090:Yekelchyk, Serhy 12055: 12023: 11989: 11951: 11896: 11883:(in Ukrainian). 11866:Himka, John-Paul 11862: 11725: 11706: 11584:Conquest, Robert 11576:(2008). 378 pp. 11555: 11543: 11528:(2017); 496 pp. 11477: 11465: 11438: 11405:Yekelchyk, Serhy 11377: 11352: 11316: 11297: 11273: 11271: 11269: 11240:Lanham, Maryland 11224: 11203: 11201: 11199: 11175: 11130: 11111:Magocsi, Paul R. 11043: 11032: 10992: 10971: 10969: 10967: 10961: 10942: 10886: 10869: 10863: 10856: 10850: 10849:5.1 (2018): 3–7. 10843: 10837: 10830: 10824: 10823: 10813: 10805: 10778: 10772: 10771:2007 (4): 25–46, 10765: 10759: 10749: 10743: 10742: 10736: 10728: 10700: 10694: 10688: 10682: 10675: 10669: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10649: 10643: 10642: 10636: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10609: 10603: 10602: 10596: 10588: 10582: 10581: 10579: 10577: 10563: 10557: 10556: 10554: 10552: 10537: 10531: 10530: 10528: 10526: 10511: 10505: 10504: 10498: 10496: 10479: 10473: 10472: 10465: 10459: 10458: 10456: 10454: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10428: 10413: 10407: 10406: 10404: 10402: 10379: 10373: 10372: 10370: 10368: 10353: 10347: 10346: 10344: 10342: 10328: 10322: 10321: 10315: 10307: 10305: 10303: 10288: 10282: 10281: 10279: 10277: 10262: 10256: 10255: 10253: 10251: 10236: 10230: 10229: 10227: 10225: 10210: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10192:BBC News Україна 10184: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10173: 10158: 10152: 10119: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10108: 10093: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10082: 10066: 10060: 10059: 10057: 10055: 10038: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10027: 10018:. Archived from 10005: 9999: 9998: 9996: 9994: 9979: 9973: 9972: 9970: 9968: 9957: 9948: 9931: 9925: 9908: 9902: 9885: 9879: 9862: 9856: 9839: 9833: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9776: 9770: 9754: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9723: 9717: 9716: 9713:www.ukrinform.ua 9705: 9699: 9698: 9687: 9681: 9680: 9669: 9663: 9662: 9651: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9625: 9619: 9618: 9616: 9614: 9607:BBC News Україна 9599: 9593: 9592: 9590: 9588: 9572: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9542: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9531: 9520: 9514: 9513: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9475: 9469: 9468: 9466: 9464: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9439:Business Insider 9429: 9423: 9421: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9384: 9378: 9377: 9375: 9373: 9358: 9352: 9351: 9349: 9347: 9332: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9306: 9300: 9283: 9277: 9260: 9254: 9253: 9246: 9240: 9223: 9217: 9199:US Embassy, Kyiv 9197: 9195: 9193: 9184:. Archived from 9178: 9172: 9171: 9164:Interfax-Ukraine 9060:(3 January 2011) 9044: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9033: 9018: 9012: 9002: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8976: 8970: 8954: 8945: 8929: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8915: 8900: 8894: 8881:Foreign Affairs, 8877: 8871: 8855: 8840: 8839: 8808: 8802: 8798: 8792: 8789: 8783: 8780: 8774: 8771: 8765: 8760: 8754: 8751: 8745: 8739: 8733: 8732: 8721: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8710: 8705:on 13 April 2014 8701:. Archived from 8691: 8685: 8684: 8673: 8667: 8666: 8658: 8652: 8651: 8633: 8627: 8626: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8581: 8568: 8562: 8559: 8553: 8550: 8544: 8537: 8531: 8530: 8500: 8494: 8479:Anne Applebaum. 8477: 8471: 8454: 8448: 8447: 8427: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8406: 8397: 8391: 8390: 8365: 8359: 8342: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8331: 8312: 8306: 8301: 8295: 8294: 8278: 8268: 8262: 8255: 8249: 8244: 8238: 8231: 8225: 8208:Richard K Debo, 8206: 8200: 8199: 8179: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8148: 8143: 8137: 8132: 8126: 8125: 8101: 8095: 8089: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8063: 8057: 8056: 8032: 8026: 8021: 8015: 8009: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7983: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7958: 7947: 7932:Orest Subtelny; 7930: 7924: 7919: 7913: 7908: 7902: 7897: 7891: 7886: 7880: 7877: 7871: 7870: 7852: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7810: 7801: 7796: 7781: 7778: 7772: 7762: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7712: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7690: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7633: 7627: 7626: 7615: 7606: 7605: 7597: 7591: 7590: 7584: 7576: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7509:www.vostlit.info 7501: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7475: 7469: 7453: 7447: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7387: 7381: 7375: 7366: 7365: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7316: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7290: 7284: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7214: 7208: 7201: 7195: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7173: 7167: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7135: 7129: 7128: 7110: 7104: 7101: 7095: 7089: 7083: 7070: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7044: 7038: 7021: 7015: 7000: 6994: 6988: 6982: 6976: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6950: 6944: 6935: 6929: 6928: 6920: 6914: 6909: 6903: 6902: 6882: 6876: 6870: 6864: 6858: 6852: 6846: 6840: 6834: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6807: 6801: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6774: 6747: 6735: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6711: 6705: 6700: 6694: 6691:Garipzanov (2006 6688: 6682: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6644: 6638: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6532: 6521: 6520: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6488:. 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Archived from 6083: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6058: 6052: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6001: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5945: 5939: 5932: 5880: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5649: 5629: 5628: 5621: 5588:media censorship 5518:by a fast-paced 5393:Petro Poroshenko 5233:Association Trio 5036:visa-free travel 4960:protests in Kyiv 4939:Party of Regions 4932:Yulia Tymoshenko 4837:Cassette Scandal 4702:Yulia Tymoshenko 4660:Pripyat, Ukraine 4638:Norilsk Uprising 4588:General Assembly 4580:Byelorussian SSR 4337:collectivization 4275:Dmitry Kardovsky 4218: 4202:Ukrainianization 4128:Romanian islands 4028:Treaty of Warsaw 4015:Antoni Listowski 3692:1848 revolutions 3632:, Osyp Makovej, 3626:Olha Kobylianska 3540:Taras Shevchenko 3534:. The prominent 3486:Taras Shevchenko 3333:Zaporozhian Sich 3248:Petro Doroshenko 3167:Zaporozhian Host 3077:Zaporozhian Sich 2952: 2948: 2838: 2676:Galicia–Volhynia 2569:Genoese colonies 2563:Late Middle Ages 2540:Pope Innocent IV 2524:King of Ruthenia 2397:Galicia-Volhynia 2368:and his general 2335:Facial Chronicle 2298:Monomakh's son, 2140:Byzantine Empire 2029:Byzantine Empire 2021:Khazar Khaganate 1922: 1916: 1907: 1849:Byzantine Empire 1832:Laurentian Codex 1830:, a copy of the 1749:Khazar Khaganate 1470:Migration Period 1424:Bosporan Kingdom 1421:culturally Greek 1409:colonized Crimea 1399:Bosporan Kingdom 1353:Thracian peoples 1345:Darius the Great 1323:(archaeological 1250:Bosporan Kingdom 1232: 1229: 1220: 1205: 1190: 1179:Catacomb culture 908:occupied Ukraine 804:Habsburg Austria 792:Zaporozhian Sich 676:High Middle Ages 648:Migration Period 583: 576: 569: 555: 554: 553: 519:Economic history 426:Cassette Scandal 231:Zaporozhian Host 225:Kiev Voivodeship 131:Early East Slavs 91:Bosporan Kingdom 71:Catacomb culture 46: 36: 18: 17: 14183: 14182: 14178: 14177: 14176: 14174: 14173: 14172: 14153: 14152: 14151: 14146: 14130: 14088: 14082: 14068:Northern Cyprus 14050: 14044: 13960:North Macedonia 13781: 13776: 13746: 13741: 13680: 13646:Interwar period 13621:Napoleonic Wars 13485: 13456:Mongol invasion 13409:Crown of Aragon 13301: 13241: 13237:Iron Age Europe 13208: 13203: 13173: 13168: 13155: 13148: 13135: 13080: 12995:Cultural icons 12938: 12814: 12785:Stock exchanges 12773: 12748: 12732:Law enforcement 12648: 12602:Nature reserves 12563: 12537: 12432:Ukrainian State 12363:Mongol invasion 12302: 12296: 12264:(in Ukrainian). 12229: 12196:Wayback Machine 12174: 12157: 12138: 12124: 12103: 12069:(London, 1993). 12028:Subtelny, Orest 12026: 12005: 11997:Foreign Affairs 11978: 11954: 11940: 11920: 11875: 11843:10.2307/2501741 11825:von Hagen, Mark 11823: 11820: 11814: 11722: 11709: 11680: 11670: 11552: 11535: 11520:Applebaum, Anne 11516: 11484: 11482:Topical studies 11454: 11427: 11374: 11358:Subtelny, Orest 11356: 11349: 11334: 11313: 11305:. Basic Books. 11300: 11294: 11267: 11265: 11258: 11230:Kohut, Zenon E. 11221: 11197: 11195: 11193: 11127: 11102:Liber, George. 11084:Kubicek, Paul. 11075:Kohut, Zenon E. 11020:, vol. 5, 10989: 10965: 10963: 10959: 10927:Allen, W. E. 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4186:Main articles: 4184: 4179: 4169: 4163: 4130:gained (1948); 4126:gained (1945); 4118:gained (1939); 4116:Polish Volhynia 4104:Don Host Oblast 4088: 4082: 4013:Polish General 4007: 3978: 3976:Unification Act 3972: 3970:Unification Act 3921:Eastern Galicia 3913: 3907: 3891:The Directorate 3864:Austria-Hungary 3852:Ukrainian State 3844: 3842:Ukrainian State 3838: 3836:Ukrainian State 3796: 3790: 3780:, and numerous 3774:Ukrainian State 3750: 3732: 3722: 3710:Main articles: 3708: 3679:Habsburg Empire 3662:Austrian Empire 3646:Filaret Kolessa 3563:Valuev Circular 3556:Austria-Hungary 3479: 3473: 3468: 3462: 3442:Crimean Khanate 3369:Crimean Khanate 3308: 3302: 3294:Most Holy Synod 3282:Stefan Yavorsky 3209:Sloboda Ukraine 3118:) rebellion or 3104:Carte d'Ukranie 3096: 3090: 3084: 3079: 3073: 3067: 2846:Union of Lublin 2840: 2836: 2828: 2822: 2817: 2789:Crimean Khanate 2579: 2567:Main articles: 2565: 2470:Roman the Great 2403:successor state 2399: 2393: 2385:Orthodox Church 2326: 2320: 2285:Gytha of Wessex 2220: 2214: 2160:Serpent's Walls 2091: 2085: 2079: 1986:The baptism of 1927: 1923: 3. After 1920: 1918: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1. After 1905: 1818: 1813: 1807: 1718: 1587: 1581: 1575: 1570: 1507:battle of Nedao 1472: 1466: 1367:, Ukraine, and 1347:in 513 BC, the 1317:nomadic peoples 1260: 1248:Main articles: 1246: 1241: 1234: 1230: 1221: 1212: 1206: 1197: 1191: 1125: 1080: 1074: 1069: 979:Great Recession 884:, known as the 751:and the failed 715:Union of Lublin 695:Crimean Khanate 587: 551: 549: 544: 543: 494:Name of Ukraine 489: 481: 480: 356:Ukrainian State 321: 311: 310: 261:Sloboda Ukraine 211: 201: 200: 196:Crimean Khanate 166:Kingdom of Rus' 126: 116: 115: 66:Yamnaya culture 56: 34: 27: 12: 11: 5: 14181: 14171: 14170: 14165: 14148: 14147: 14145: 14144: 14142:European Union 14138: 14136: 14135:Other entities 14132: 14131: 14129: 14128: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14092: 14090: 14089:other entities 14084: 14083: 14081: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14054: 14052: 14046: 14045: 14043: 14042: 14037: 14035:United Kingdom 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13848:Czech Republic 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13789: 13787: 13783: 13782: 13775: 13774: 13767: 13760: 13752: 13743: 13742: 13740: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13688: 13686: 13682: 13681: 13679: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13596:Russian Empire 13593: 13588: 13586:British Empire 13583: 13581:Dutch Republic 13578: 13576:Swedish Empire 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13556:Spanish Empire 13553: 13548: 13546:Ottoman Empire 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13517: 13516: 13506: 13501: 13495: 13493: 13487: 13486: 13484: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13461:Serbian Empire 13458: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13395: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13369: 13368: 13367: 13362: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13333: 13332: 13322: 13317: 13311: 13309: 13303: 13302: 13300: 13299: 13297:Late antiquity 13294: 13289: 13284: 13283: 13282: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13260:Roman Republic 13257: 13251: 13249: 13243: 13242: 13240: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13218: 13216: 13210: 13209: 13202: 13201: 13194: 13187: 13179: 13170: 13169: 13167: 13166: 13161: 13154: 13153: 13145: 13144: 13141: 13140: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13133: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13117: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13090: 13088: 13082: 13081: 13079: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13032: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12993: 12992: 12991: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12970: 12969: 12964: 12954: 12948: 12946: 12940: 12939: 12937: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12910: 12909: 12904: 12894: 12893: 12892: 12882: 12869: 12863: 12858: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12832: 12826: 12820: 12819: 12816: 12815: 12813: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12766: 12760: 12754: 12753: 12750: 12749: 12747: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12735: 12734: 12729: 12719: 12718: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12666: 12660: 12654: 12653: 12650: 12649: 12647: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12615: 12614: 12604: 12599: 12598: 12597: 12587: 12585:National parks 12581: 12575: 12569: 12568: 12565: 12564: 12562: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12545: 12543: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12535: 12534: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12503: 12502: 12501: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12445: 12444: 12442:Makhnovshchina 12439: 12434: 12429: 12419: 12414: 12412:Russian Empire 12409: 12404: 12403: 12402: 12397: 12387: 12386: 12385: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12319: 12317: 12310: 12304: 12303: 12301: articles 12295: 12294: 12287: 12280: 12272: 12266: 12265: 12253: 12247: 12228: 12227:External links 12225: 12224: 12223: 12213: 12203: 12185: 12184: 12183: 12172: 12154: 12137: 12134: 12133: 12132: 12123: 12120: 12119: 12118: 12111: 12102: 12099: 12098: 12097: 12087: 12077: 12070: 12063: 12056: 12038:(1–2): 33–54. 12024: 12003: 11990: 11976: 11956:Plokhy, Serhii 11952: 11938: 11924:, ed. (2016). 11922:Plokhy, Serhii 11918: 11908: 11897: 11873: 11863: 11837:(3): 658–673. 11813: 11810: 11809: 11808: 11797: 11782: 11769:Kuzio, Taras. 11767: 11758: 11740: 11726: 11720: 11707: 11678: 11669: 11668:Recent history 11666: 11665: 11664: 11657: 11650: 11643: 11627: 11622:Lower, Wendy. 11620: 11613: 11600: 11595:Gross, Jan T. 11593: 11581: 11566: 11556: 11550: 11533: 11515: 11512: 11511: 11510: 11499: 11492: 11483: 11480: 11479: 11478: 11466: 11452: 11439: 11425: 11401: 11386:Wilson, Andrew 11383: 11372: 11354: 11347: 11332: 11317: 11311: 11298: 11292: 11278:Plokhy, Serhii 11274: 11256: 11225: 11219: 11204: 11191: 11176: 11151: 11131: 11125: 11107: 11100: 11093: 11082: 11071: 11070: 11069: 11044: 11033: 11009: 10993: 10987: 10972: 10950: 10943: 10923: 10905: 10902: 10897:Main article: 10894: 10891: 10888: 10887: 10864: 10851: 10838: 10825: 10792: 10773: 10760: 10744: 10715: 10695: 10683: 10670: 10644: 10618:Foreign Policy 10604: 10583: 10558: 10532: 10521:. 25 July 2022 10506: 10474: 10460: 10434: 10408: 10374: 10348: 10323: 10283: 10257: 10246:(in Ukrainian) 10231: 10220:(in Ukrainian) 10205: 10194:(in Ukrainian) 10179: 10168:(in Ukrainian) 10153: 10133:New York Times 10114: 10088: 10061: 10048:Foreign Policy 10033: 10015:Bloomberg News 10000: 9974: 9949: 9926: 9903: 9899:United Nations 9880: 9857: 9834: 9771: 9744: 9718: 9700: 9682: 9664: 9646: 9635:(in Ukrainian) 9620: 9594: 9583:(in Ukrainian) 9581:www.kmu.gov.ua 9567: 9537: 9515: 9496: 9485:(in Ukrainian) 9470: 9445: 9424: 9405: 9379: 9353: 9327: 9301: 9278: 9255: 9241: 9218: 9173: 9039: 9013: 8997: 8971: 8946: 8921: 8895: 8872: 8841: 8834: 8803: 8793: 8784: 8775: 8766: 8755: 8746: 8734: 8716: 8686: 8668: 8653: 8646: 8628: 8621: 8599: 8592: 8563: 8554: 8545: 8532: 8520: 8495: 8472: 8449: 8442: 8422: 8392: 8386: 8360: 8337: 8322:(in Russian). 8307: 8296: 8289: 8263: 8257:Paul Kubicek, 8250: 8239: 8226: 8201: 8194: 8161: 8149: 8138: 8127: 8120: 8096: 8092:Yekelchyk 2007 8084: 8058: 8051: 8027: 8016: 8012:Yekelchyk 2007 8004: 7978: 7948: 7925: 7914: 7903: 7892: 7881: 7872: 7865: 7847: 7825: 7802: 7799:Yekelchyk 2007 7782: 7773: 7739: 7728:(2): 189–210. 7707: 7673: 7655: 7648: 7628: 7607: 7592: 7563: 7543: 7521: 7496: 7470: 7448: 7440:Orest Subtelny 7432: 7430:, p. 126. 7420: 7416:Vernadsky 1970 7408: 7382: 7380:, p. 123. 7367: 7360: 7336: 7311: 7285: 7274: 7259: 7252: 7234: 7209: 7196: 7187: 7168: 7150: 7130: 7123: 7105: 7096: 7094:, p. 200. 7084: 7072:Рыбаков Б. А. 7065: 7039: 7016: 6995: 6983: 6971: 6945: 6930: 6915: 6904: 6897: 6877: 6875:, p. 296. 6865: 6853: 6841: 6829: 6802: 6794:Cybriwsky 2018 6786: 6730: 6726:Ostrowski 2018 6718: 6706: 6695: 6683: 6674: 6659: 6639: 6626: 6619: 6599: 6580:(3): 179–205. 6560: 6553: 6547:. p. 27. 6522: 6515: 6495: 6473: 6466: 6448: 6441: 6421: 6407: 6387: 6378: 6369: 6342: 6312: 6289: 6230: 6204: 6181: 6120: 6100: 6078: 6053: 6044: 6029: 6022: 5996: 5984:. 7 March 2009 5965: 5940: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5878:Ukraine portal 5865: 5862: 5850:social history 5833:Orest Subtelny 5816: 5813: 5772:Crimean Tatars 5656: 5655: 5633: 5631: 5624: 5618: 5615: 5516:Kharkiv Oblast 5446:Ukrainian Navy 5373:United Nations 5361:Ukrainian army 5283: 5280: 5249:European Union 5160:European Union 5045:European Union 5017: 5014: 4917:European Union 4848: 4845: 4682:Main article: 4679: 4676: 4600:Crimean Oblast 4576:United Nations 4545: 4542: 4456: 4453: 4414:Slovo Building 4394:Main article: 4391: 4388: 4302: 4299: 4183: 4180: 4165:Main article: 4162: 4159: 4084:Main article: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4068:Orest Subtelny 4064: 4063: 4040:Treaty of Riga 4019:Symon Petliura 4006: 4003: 3974:Main article: 3971: 3968: 3933:Transcarpathia 3909:Main article: 3906: 3903: 3895:Symon Petliura 3880:Central Powers 3840:Main article: 3837: 3834: 3819:Russian Empire 3792:Main article: 3789: 3786: 3770:Makhnovshchina 3707: 3704: 3700:Zoria halytska 3654:Mykola Ivasyuk 3592:Russian Empire 3548:Lesya Ukrainka 3517:steppe regions 3472: 3469: 3464:Main article: 3461: 3460:Modern history 3458: 3434:Russian Empire 3341:Ottoman Empire 3301: 3298: 3233:Ottoman Empire 3211:. Thus, while 3128:Polish history 3086:Main article: 3083: 3080: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3035: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2835: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2809:Russian Empire 2801:Ottoman Empire 2635:, and part of 2600:established a 2598:Pope John XXII 2564: 2561: 2544:Western Europe 2395:Main article: 2392: 2389: 2322:Main article: 2319: 2316: 2289:King Harold II 2213: 2210: 2099:Transcarpathia 2081:Main article: 2078: 2075: 1992:Constantinople 1919: 1913: 1910:Petro Tolochko 1904: 1878:Askold and Dir 1859:eyewitnesses. 1853:Constantinople 1817: 1814: 1809:Main article: 1806: 1803: 1799:Volga Bulgaria 1738:nomadic people 1717: 1714: 1710:Pannonian Avar 1577:Main article: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1465: 1462: 1458:Roman military 1417:Archaic period 1294:Roman emperors 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1222: 1215: 1213: 1207: 1200: 1198: 1192: 1185: 1175:Pontic steppes 1154:people of the 1131:Extent of the 1124: 1121: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1014:entered Crimea 994:European Union 967:market economy 896:invaded Poland 825:in the former 815:chaotic period 800:Russian Empire 739:agreed to the 719:Ottoman Empire 711:Union of Krewo 709:following the 605:Eastern Europe 589: 588: 586: 585: 578: 571: 563: 560: 559: 546: 545: 542: 541: 536: 531: 526: 524:Rail transport 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 490: 487: 486: 483: 482: 479: 478: 473: 468: 467: 466: 456: 454:Crimean crisis 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 361:Makhnovshchina 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 322: 319:Modern history 317: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 276:Russian Empire 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 228: 218: 212: 207: 206: 203: 202: 199: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 146:Rus' Khaganate 143: 138: 133: 127: 122: 121: 118: 117: 114: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 57: 52: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 29: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14180: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14160: 14158: 14143: 14140: 14139: 14137: 14133: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14101:Faroe Islands 14099: 14097: 14094: 14093: 14091: 14085: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14073:South Ossetia 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14055: 14053: 14047: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13920:Liechtenstein 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13790: 13788: 13784: 13780: 13773: 13768: 13766: 13761: 13759: 13754: 13753: 13750: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13692:Art of Europe 13690: 13689: 13687: 13683: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13515: 13512: 13511: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13496: 13494: 13492: 13491:Modern period 13488: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13426: 13422: 13418: 13414: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13374: 13373: 13370: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13357: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13331: 13328: 13327: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13312: 13310: 13308: 13304: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13281: 13278: 13277: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13252: 13250: 13248: 13244: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13219: 13217: 13215: 13211: 13207: 13200: 13195: 13193: 13188: 13186: 13181: 13180: 13177: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13156: 13151: 13147: 13146: 13142: 13132: 13129: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13096: 13095: 13092: 13091: 13089: 13087: 13083: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12996: 12994: 12990: 12987: 12986: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12959: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12949: 12947: 12945: 12941: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12899: 12898: 12895: 12890: 12886: 12883: 12880: 12877: 12873: 12870: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12853: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12833: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12821: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12772: 12768: 12767: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12755: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12724: 12723: 12720: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12697: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12667: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12655: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12613: 12610: 12609: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12596: 12593: 12592: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12570: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12546: 12544: 12540: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12526:War in Donbas 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12508: 12507: 12504: 12500: 12497: 12496: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12459:Ukrainian SSR 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12424: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12392: 12391: 12388: 12384: 12381: 12380: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12305: 12300: 12293: 12288: 12286: 12281: 12279: 12274: 12273: 12270: 12263: 12262: 12258:published in 12257: 12254: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12242: 12241: 12239: 12234: 12221: 12217: 12214: 12211: 12207: 12204: 12201: 12197: 12193: 12190: 12186: 12181: 12175: 12173:966-504-150-9 12169: 12165: 12161: 12155: 12152: 12151: 12146: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12139: 12130: 12126: 12125: 12116: 12112: 12109: 12105: 12104: 12095: 12091: 12088: 12085: 12081: 12078: 12075: 12071: 12068: 12064: 12061: 12057: 12053: 12049: 12045: 12041: 12037: 12033: 12029: 12025: 12021: 12017: 12013: 12009: 12004: 12002: 11998: 11994: 11991: 11987: 11983: 11979: 11973: 11969: 11965: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11949: 11945: 11941: 11935: 11931: 11927: 11923: 11919: 11916: 11912: 11909: 11906: 11902: 11898: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11878: 11874: 11871: 11867: 11864: 11860: 11856: 11852: 11848: 11844: 11840: 11836: 11832: 11831: 11830:Slavic Review 11826: 11822: 11821: 11819: 11806: 11802: 11798: 11795: 11794:0-8223-1081-3 11791: 11787: 11783: 11780: 11779:0-415-17195-4 11776: 11772: 11768: 11765: 11764: 11759: 11756: 11755:0-436-20623-4 11752: 11748: 11744: 11741: 11738: 11734: 11730: 11727: 11723: 11721:9780813335384 11717: 11713: 11708: 11704: 11700: 11696: 11692: 11688: 11684: 11679: 11676: 11672: 11671: 11662: 11658: 11655: 11651: 11648: 11644: 11641: 11640: 11635: 11631: 11628: 11625: 11621: 11618: 11614: 11611: 11610: 11605: 11601: 11598: 11594: 11591: 11590: 11585: 11582: 11579: 11578:online review 11575: 11571: 11567: 11564: 11560: 11557: 11553: 11551:0-920862-37-3 11547: 11542: 11541: 11534: 11531: 11530:online review 11527: 11526: 11521: 11518: 11517: 11508: 11504: 11500: 11497: 11493: 11490: 11486: 11485: 11475: 11471: 11467: 11463: 11459: 11455: 11453:1-85285-389-1 11449: 11445: 11440: 11436: 11432: 11428: 11422: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11406: 11402: 11399: 11398:0-3000-9309-8 11395: 11391: 11387: 11384: 11381: 11375: 11369: 11365: 11364: 11359: 11355: 11350: 11344: 11340: 11339: 11333: 11330: 11329:0-7538-0160-4 11326: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11308: 11304: 11299: 11295: 11289: 11285: 11284: 11279: 11275: 11263: 11259: 11257:9780810878471 11253: 11249: 11245: 11241: 11237: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11222: 11216: 11212: 11211: 11205: 11194: 11188: 11184: 11183: 11177: 11173: 11169: 11165: 11161: 11157: 11152: 11149: 11148: 11143: 11139: 11135: 11132: 11128: 11122: 11118: 11117: 11112: 11108: 11105: 11101: 11098: 11094: 11091: 11087: 11083: 11080: 11076: 11072: 11067: 11063: 11060: 11059: 11058:(1997–2014). 11057: 11053: 11049: 11045: 11041: 11040: 11034: 11031: 11027: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11010: 11007: 11006: 11001: 10997: 10994: 10990: 10984: 10980: 10979: 10973: 10958: 10957: 10951: 10948: 10944: 10940: 10936: 10932: 10928: 10924: 10921: 10920: 10915: 10911: 10908: 10907: 10900: 10885: 10881: 10878: 10874: 10868: 10861: 10855: 10848: 10842: 10835: 10829: 10821: 10817: 10811: 10803: 10799: 10795: 10789: 10785: 10784: 10777: 10770: 10764: 10758: 10754: 10748: 10740: 10734: 10726: 10722: 10718: 10712: 10708: 10707: 10699: 10693:, p. 21. 10692: 10687: 10680: 10674: 10659: 10655: 10648: 10640: 10634: 10619: 10615: 10608: 10600: 10593: 10587: 10572: 10568: 10562: 10547: 10543: 10536: 10520: 10516: 10510: 10503: 10491: 10490: 10485: 10478: 10470: 10464: 10449: 10445: 10438: 10423: 10419: 10412: 10397: 10393: 10389: 10385: 10378: 10363: 10359: 10352: 10337: 10333: 10327: 10319: 10313: 10298: 10294: 10287: 10271: 10267: 10261: 10245: 10241: 10235: 10219: 10215: 10209: 10193: 10189: 10183: 10167: 10163: 10157: 10150: 10146: 10142: 10139: 10134: 10130: 10126: 10123: 10118: 10102: 10098: 10092: 10076: 10072: 10065: 10050: 10049: 10044: 10037: 10021: 10017: 10016: 10011: 10004: 9988: 9984: 9978: 9962: 9956: 9954: 9947:(1 June 2015) 9946: 9942: 9938: 9935: 9930: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9912: 9907: 9900: 9896: 9892: 9889: 9884: 9877: 9873: 9869: 9866: 9861: 9854: 9850: 9846: 9843: 9838: 9823:. 13 May 2014 9822: 9821: 9816: 9802:. 11 May 2014 9801: 9797: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9780: 9775: 9769: 9765: 9761: 9758: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9732: 9728: 9722: 9714: 9710: 9704: 9696: 9692: 9686: 9678: 9674: 9668: 9660: 9656: 9650: 9634: 9630: 9624: 9608: 9604: 9598: 9582: 9578: 9571: 9555: 9551: 9547: 9541: 9525: 9519: 9511: 9510:Радіо Свобода 9507: 9500: 9484: 9480: 9474: 9459: 9455: 9449: 9441: 9440: 9435: 9428: 9419: 9415: 9409: 9394: 9390: 9383: 9367: 9363: 9357: 9341: 9337: 9331: 9316: 9312: 9305: 9298: 9294: 9290: 9287: 9282: 9275: 9271: 9267: 9264: 9259: 9251: 9245: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9227: 9222: 9215: 9212: 9208: 9205: 9200: 9187: 9183: 9177: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9128: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9112: 9107: 9103: 9099: 9096: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9080: 9075: 9071: 9067: 9064: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9048: 9043: 9027: 9023: 9017: 9010: 9006: 9001: 8985: 8981: 8975: 8969: 8965: 8961: 8958: 8953: 8951: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8933: 8928: 8926: 8909: 8905: 8899: 8893: 8889: 8886: 8882: 8876: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8859: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8848: 8846: 8837: 8835:0-8020-8390-0 8831: 8827: 8823: 8819: 8818: 8813: 8807: 8797: 8788: 8779: 8770: 8764: 8759: 8750: 8743: 8738: 8730: 8726: 8720: 8704: 8700: 8698: 8690: 8682: 8678: 8672: 8664: 8657: 8649: 8647:9780253008909 8643: 8639: 8632: 8624: 8618: 8614: 8610: 8603: 8595: 8589: 8585: 8580: 8579: 8573: 8567: 8558: 8549: 8542: 8536: 8528: 8523: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8499: 8492: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8476: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8458: 8453: 8445: 8439: 8435: 8434: 8426: 8410: 8403: 8396: 8389: 8387:9781472926647 8383: 8379: 8375: 8371: 8364: 8358: 8357:5-7702-0554-7 8354: 8350: 8346: 8341: 8325: 8321: 8317: 8311: 8305: 8300: 8292: 8290:9780802083906 8286: 8282: 8277: 8276: 8267: 8260: 8254: 8248: 8243: 8236: 8230: 8223: 8222:0-7735-0828-7 8219: 8215: 8211: 8205: 8197: 8195:0-8020-8390-0 8191: 8187: 8183: 8178: 8177: 8171: 8165: 8158: 8153: 8147: 8142: 8136: 8131: 8123: 8121:0-7735-2234-4 8117: 8113: 8109: 8108: 8100: 8093: 8088: 8073: 8069: 8062: 8054: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8039: 8031: 8025: 8020: 8014:, p. 27. 8013: 8008: 7992: 7988: 7982: 7967: 7963: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7945: 7944:0-8020-8390-0 7941: 7937: 7936: 7929: 7923: 7918: 7912: 7907: 7901: 7896: 7890: 7885: 7876: 7868: 7866:9780307817235 7862: 7858: 7851: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7826:9780773569492 7822: 7818: 7817: 7809: 7807: 7800: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7777: 7770: 7769:966-8978-14-5 7766: 7763:. Kyiv 2008. 7760: 7755: 7751: 7748: 7747:Yakovenko, N. 7743: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7711: 7700: 7696: 7695: 7687: 7683: 7677: 7669: 7665: 7659: 7651: 7645: 7641: 7640: 7632: 7624: 7620: 7614: 7612: 7603: 7596: 7588: 7582: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7560: 7556: 7555: 7547: 7531: 7525: 7510: 7506: 7500: 7484: 7480: 7474: 7467: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7452: 7445: 7441: 7436: 7429: 7424: 7417: 7412: 7396: 7392: 7386: 7379: 7374: 7372: 7363: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7348: 7340: 7325: 7321: 7315: 7299: 7295: 7289: 7283: 7278: 7270: 7263: 7255: 7253:9780465050918 7249: 7245: 7238: 7223: 7219: 7213: 7206: 7200: 7191: 7183: 7179: 7172: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7143: 7142: 7134: 7126: 7120: 7116: 7109: 7100: 7093: 7088: 7082: 7078: 7075: 7074:Рождение Руси 7069: 7053: 7049: 7043: 7036: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7020: 7014: 7010: 7007: 7004: 6999: 6992: 6987: 6981:, p. 13. 6980: 6975: 6959: 6955: 6949: 6942: 6941: 6934: 6926: 6919: 6913: 6908: 6900: 6894: 6890: 6889: 6881: 6874: 6869: 6863:, p. 56. 6862: 6857: 6850: 6845: 6838: 6833: 6817: 6813: 6806: 6799: 6795: 6790: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6743: 6734: 6728:, p. 44. 6727: 6722: 6716:, p. 61. 6715: 6710: 6704: 6699: 6692: 6687: 6678: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6660:0-8014-3977-9 6656: 6652: 6651: 6643: 6636: 6630: 6622: 6616: 6612: 6611: 6603: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6564: 6556: 6554:0-8020-0830-5 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6518: 6516:88-343-1065-9 6512: 6508: 6507: 6499: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6469: 6463: 6459: 6452: 6444: 6438: 6434: 6433: 6425: 6410: 6404: 6400: 6399: 6391: 6382: 6373: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6346: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6316: 6300: 6293: 6285: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6234: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6185: 6177: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6124: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6104: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6082: 6067: 6063: 6057: 6048: 6040: 6033: 6025: 6023:9788323518808 6019: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6000: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5969: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5937: 5931: 5927: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5879: 5868: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5838:modernization 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5780: 5777: 5773: 5768: 5767:Serhii Plokhy 5764: 5760: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5697:Little Russia 5694: 5690: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5670:Ukrainophilia 5667: 5663: 5652: 5647: 5643: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5623: 5622: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5595: 5593: 5590:. Over 1,000 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5572:Baltic states 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5436: 5432: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5408: 5404: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5369:war in Donbas 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5341:south Ukraine 5338: 5334: 5329: 5327: 5326:United States 5322: 5318: 5310: 5306: 5305:War in Donbas 5302: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5276:EU membership 5272: 5269: 5265: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5229: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5196: 5195:Denys Shmyhal 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5152: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5109: 5107: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5094:Odnoklassniki 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5070:Kaspersky Lab 5067: 5063: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5041: 5040:Schengen Area 5037: 5033: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5010:Rostov-on-Don 5007: 5003: 4997: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4935: 4933: 4929: 4924: 4922: 4918: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4887: 4882: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4833:Leonid Kuchma 4830: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4719:Boris Yeltsin 4717: 4712: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4694:Leonid Kuchma 4691: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4614: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4584:United States 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4568:Ukrainian SSR 4561: 4556: 4551: 4541: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4462: 4452: 4448: 4447:was created. 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4421: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4321:Joseph Stalin 4316: 4312: 4308: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4255: 4253: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4225:Ukrainization 4216: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4133: 4132:Crimea gained 4129: 4125: 4124:Transcarpatia 4122:lost (1940); 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4096:Ukrainian SSR 4092: 4087: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4051: 4049: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4036:Soviet Russia 4031: 4029: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4002: 3999: 3991: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3967: 3963: 3962:(1918-1919). 3961: 3957: 3953: 3945: 3940: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3871: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3860:German Empire 3857: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3833: 3831: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3731: 3727: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3675:Ukrainophilia 3671: 3667: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3576:Russification 3573: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3509: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3428: 3427:Koliyivschyna 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3400: 3396: 3395:Cossack Mamay 3392: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3312: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3257:In 1686, the 3255: 3253: 3249: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3146:to the East. 3145: 3141: 3140:Ottoman Turks 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3089: 3078: 3072: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034:(two regions) 3033: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2896: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2832: 2827: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2706:, as well as 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2692:privy council 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2501: 2496: 2488: 2487: 2481: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2466: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2374:siege to Kiev 2371: 2367: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2355:Mongol Empire 2352: 2348: 2344: 2337: 2336: 2330: 2325: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2161: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1999:Princess Olga 1993: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1965:Slavic tribes 1961: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1926: 1925:Boris Rybakov 1911: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1886:Oleg the Wise 1883: 1882:Rurik dynasty 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1840: 1833: 1829: 1828: 1822: 1812: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1786:Pax Khazarica 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1763:and parts of 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1580: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1533:continued as 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1515:ancient Greek 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1471: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1444:Bosporan king 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1226:stone stele, 1225: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1204: 1199: 1195: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1180: 1177:, and by the 1176: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1137: 1134: 1129: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1111:are found in 1110: 1109:modern humans 1106: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1079: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049:War in Donbas 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 959: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 894: 889: 887: 883: 879: 878:Russification 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 811: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 768: 766: 765:Dnieper River 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 735: 731: 726: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 687: 685: 684:Mongol Empire 681: 680:was destroyed 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 601:Pontic steppe 598: 595: 584: 579: 577: 572: 570: 565: 564: 562: 561: 558: 548: 547: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 491: 485: 484: 477: 474: 472: 469: 464: 460: 459:War in Donbas 457: 455: 452: 451: 450: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 371:Ukrainian SSR 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 323: 320: 315: 314: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 281:Little Russia 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 236: 232: 229: 226: 222: 219: 217: 214: 213: 210: 205: 204: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 141:White Croatia 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 128: 125: 124:Early history 120: 119: 112: 111:Hunnic Empire 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 72: 69: 67: 64: 62: 59: 58: 55: 50: 49: 45: 41: 40: 37: 31: 30: 25: 20: 19: 16: 14078:Transnistria 14040:Vatican City 14029: 13651:World War II 13504:Early modern 13481:Kalmar Union 13352:Papal States 13270:Roman Empire 13086:Demographics 12957:Architecture 12929:Prostitution 12897:Human rights 12770: 12675:Constitution 12549:Christianity 12484:Independence 12307: 12259: 12230: 12222:, Kyiv 2010. 12199: 12178:. Available 12159: 12149: 12141: 12128: 12093: 12083: 12080:Wade, Rex A. 12073: 12066: 12059: 12035: 12031: 12011: 11996: 11959: 11925: 11914: 11904: 11901:Philipp Ther 11884: 11880: 11869: 11834: 11828: 11800: 11785: 11770: 11761: 11746: 11732: 11711: 11689:(2–3): 165. 11686: 11682: 11674: 11660: 11653: 11646: 11638: 11633: 11623: 11616: 11608: 11603: 11596: 11587: 11573: 11562: 11539: 11523: 11502: 11495: 11488: 11473: 11443: 11408: 11389: 11362: 11341:. Yale U.P. 11337: 11320: 11319:Reid, Anna. 11302: 11282: 11266:. Retrieved 11234: 11209: 11196:. Retrieved 11181: 11166:(1): 30–49. 11163: 11159: 11146: 11137: 11115: 11103: 11096: 11085: 11078: 11065: 11047: 11038: 11017: 11004: 10999: 10977: 10964:. Retrieved 10955: 10946: 10930: 10918: 10909: 10893:Bibliography 10872: 10867: 10859: 10854: 10846: 10841: 10833: 10828: 10782: 10776: 10768: 10763: 10752: 10747: 10705: 10698: 10691:Magocsi 2010 10686: 10678: 10673: 10661:. Retrieved 10657: 10647: 10621:. 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Retrieved 8071: 8061: 8037: 8030: 8019: 8007: 7995:. Retrieved 7991:the original 7981: 7971:14 September 7969:. Retrieved 7965: 7934: 7928: 7917: 7906: 7895: 7884: 7875: 7856: 7850: 7838:. Retrieved 7815: 7776: 7749: 7742: 7725: 7721: 7710: 7699:the original 7692: 7676: 7667: 7658: 7638: 7631: 7622: 7601: 7595: 7553: 7546: 7536:19 September 7534:. Retrieved 7524: 7514:19 September 7512:. Retrieved 7508: 7499: 7489:19 September 7487:. Retrieved 7483:the original 7473: 7456: 7451: 7443: 7435: 7428:Magocsi 2010 7423: 7411: 7399:. Retrieved 7394: 7385: 7378:Magocsi 2010 7351: 7346: 7339: 7327:. Retrieved 7323: 7314: 7302:. Retrieved 7298:the original 7288: 7277: 7268: 7262: 7243: 7237: 7225:. Retrieved 7221: 7212: 7204: 7199: 7190: 7181: 7177: 7171: 7160:, retrieved 7140: 7133: 7114: 7108: 7099: 7087: 7068: 7056:. Retrieved 7051: 7042: 7023: 7019: 7003:Кучкин В. А. 7002: 6998: 6993:, p. 1. 6986: 6974: 6962:. Retrieved 6948: 6938: 6937:Kuchera, M. 6933: 6924: 6918: 6907: 6887: 6880: 6868: 6856: 6844: 6832: 6820:. Retrieved 6816:the original 6805: 6789: 6777:. Retrieved 6750:Arkheolohiia 6749: 6733: 6721: 6709: 6698: 6686: 6677: 6649: 6642: 6634: 6629: 6609: 6602: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6536: 6505: 6498: 6490:the original 6485: 6476: 6457: 6451: 6431: 6424: 6412:. Retrieved 6397: 6390: 6381: 6372: 6362:12 September 6360:. Retrieved 6354: 6345: 6333:. Retrieved 6329:the original 6324: 6315: 6303:. Retrieved 6292: 6247: 6243: 6233: 6221:. Retrieved 6207: 6199:the original 6194: 6184: 6170:cite journal 6137: 6133: 6123: 6118:. June 2009. 6103: 6095:the original 6081: 6069:. Retrieved 6065: 6056: 6047: 6038: 6032: 6005: 5999: 5988:18 September 5986:. Retrieved 5977: 5968: 5956:. Retrieved 5952: 5943: 5935: 5930: 5818: 5781: 5763:area studies 5755: 5743:Ukrainophile 5739:Sovietophile 5732: 5717: 5685: 5650: 5639: 5596: 5564:humanitarian 5548:a resolution 5466: 5458:Kerch Strait 5456:through the 5428: 5413: 5337:east Ukraine 5330: 5328:as illegal. 5314: 5273: 5262:At the June 5261: 5230: 5199: 5168: 5153: 5110: 5102: 5029: 4998: 4963: 4936: 4925: 4907: 4891: 4864: 4815: 4760: 4742: 4658:The town of 4657: 4646: 4619: 4565: 4562:in 1954–1991 4560:Soviet Union 4475:Nazi Germany 4468: 4455:World War II 4449: 4426: 4403: 4399: 4364: 4354:In 1932-33, 4353: 4335:", resisted 4318: 4287:Soviet Union 4284: 4280: 4266:suppressed. 4256: 4249: 4222: 4155:Soviet Union 4148: 4137: 4120:Transnistria 4065: 4055:Paul Kubicek 4052: 4044: 4032: 4024: 3995: 3964: 3949: 3914: 3888: 3876: 3845: 3827: 3812: 3751: 3699: 3688: 3659: 3642:Bohdan Lepky 3574:policies of 3560: 3522: 3513:emancipation 3510: 3491: 3431: 3404: 3377:Peter Tekeli 3373:Don Cossacks 3325: 3274: 3270:Dionysius IV 3256: 3205:Zaporizhzhia 3202: 3164: 3153: 3115: 3109: 3103: 2901: 2866: 2843: 2785:Golden Horde 2782: 2764:). Known as 2747: 2743:polonization 2720: 2669: 2633:Red Ruthenia 2618: 2595: 2591:Odesa Oblast 2580: 2505: 2492: 2484: 2467: 2451:Rostislavich 2435:White Croats 2400: 2381:Golden Horde 2378: 2363: 2340: 2333: 2314:and others. 2297: 2292: 2281: 2276: 2265: 2221: 2203: 2176: 2156: 2151: 2120: 2095:Red Ruthenia 2092: 2056: 2018: 2013:Christianity 2006: 1996: 1972: 1971:in 944. The 1959: 1956:Igor the Old 1953: 1930: 1900: 1869: 1863: 1861: 1842: 1836: 1825: 1784: 1746: 1742:Central Asia 1719: 1690:South Slavic 1658:White Croats 1647: 1627:Kiev culture 1620: 1503:Kiev culture 1473: 1454:client state 1436:Roman Empire 1404: 1395:Panticapaeum 1382:The goddess 1319:such as the 1306: 1258:Roman Crimea 1142:In the late 1141: 1133:Chalcolithic 1101:Neanderthals 1087: 1081: 983: 960: 912:World War II 893:Nazi Germany 890: 812: 778:allied with 769: 727: 691:Golden Horde 688: 668:early Slavic 625: 609:Chalcolithic 592: 529:Shipbuilding 509:Christianity 376:Soviet Union 181:Golden Horde 32: 15: 14116:Isle of Man 14051:recognition 14020:Switzerland 13955:Netherlands 13636:World War I 13626:Nationalism 13514:Reformation 13499:Renaissance 13471:Black Death 13404:Kievan Rus' 13307:Middle Ages 13099:Rus' people 12962:Kievan Rus' 12353:Kievan Rus' 12338:Early Slavs 12096:5.1 (2018). 11570:Wendy Lower 11198:24 November 11054:(1954–57). 10663:17 December 10250:20 February 10224:20 February 10081:19 February 10054:22 December 9967:22 December 9372:25 February 9346:21 February 9320:19 February 8261:(2008) p 79 8214:pp. 210-211 7757: [ 7401:26 December 7162:14 November 6979:Plokhy 2006 6822:16 February 6335:16 December 5958:12 December 5844:, and the " 5805:mass famine 5689:Kievan Rus' 5682:Pan-Slavism 5674:Russophilia 5454:Sea of Azov 5442:coast guard 5416:112 Ukraine 5357:referendums 5311:, July 2014 5129:autocephaly 4812:in 1917/18. 4767:human chain 4721:signed the 4620:During the 4213: [ 3884:World War I 3670:Russophilia 3638:Ivan Franko 3552:Ivan Franko 3494:Alexander I 3227:. In 1672, 3065:Cossack era 2955:Voivodeship 2877:Catholicism 2869:Renaissance 2858:Halych Land 2805:Middle East 2797:slave trade 2750:Petro Mukha 2735:Lithuanians 2672:Kievan Rus' 2459:Iziaslavich 2407:Kievan Rus' 2351:Polovtsians 1958:, whom the 1811:Kievan Rus' 1771:, southern 1753:Caspian Sea 1698:Ilmen Slavs 1639:Early Slavs 1623:Early Slavs 1599:early Slavs 1595:proto-Slavs 1579:Early Slavs 1573:Early Slavs 1568:Middle Ages 1554:Justinian I 1547:Hunnic king 1315:as well as 1307:During the 1231: 2600 1209:Maidanetske 1146:times, the 1094:Paleolithic 930:. In 1953, 835:World War I 776:Ivan Mazepa 770:During the 672:Kievan Rus' 613:Bronze Ages 594:Prehistoric 156:Kievan Rus' 33:History of 14157:Categories 13990:San Marino 13950:Montenegro 13930:Luxembourg 13910:Kazakhstan 13813:Azerbaijan 13399:Viking Age 13214:Prehistory 13104:Ruthenians 13056:Literature 13029:Vyshyvanka 12924:Minorities 12841:Corruption 12774:(currency) 12695:Government 12690:Parliament 12629:Waterfalls 12494:Euromaidan 12343:East Slavs 12328:Sarmatians 12316:Chronology 12202:, 2003, 1. 12156:Volume 2: 12052:Q116456077 12020:Q116456099 11993:Reid, Anna 11986:Q116456336 11948:Q116456399 11859:Q113708200 11816:See also: 11714:. Avalon. 11507:Yurii Lypa 11268:22 January 10966:26 January 10834:Ab Imperio 10802:1257314140 10769:Ab Imperio 10725:1004379833 10198:6 February 10172:6 February 10026:8 November 9526:(in Greek) 9458:espreso.tv 9192:8 February 8824:. p. 8744:, BBC News 8622:092086287X 8593:0333948076 8233:K. Marek. 8184:. p. 8077:31 October 8072:Britannica 7835:j.ctt7zz3w 7184:: 377–387. 7124:0888441169 7092:Mason 2004 7024:Котляр Н.Ф 6873:Curta 2019 6779:25 January 6467:0195102339 6351:"Scythian" 6223:4 December 5934:Matossian 5922:References 5896:Kievan Rus 5735:Russophile 5713:Ruthenians 5701:New Russia 5603:corruption 5422:godfather 5397:corruption 5321:referendum 5309:Pervomaisk 5049:lustration 4958:Euromaidan 4857:Euromaidan 4548:See also: 4479:its allies 4459:See also: 4384:Ukrainians 4053:Historian 4026:1920, the 3830:Bolsheviks 3734:See also: 3650:Ivan Trush 3580:Panslavism 3572:Russophile 3506:Right Bank 3498:Nicholas I 3429:—in 1768. 3304:See also: 3160:Ilya Repin 3092:See also: 3075:See also: 3069:See also: 3051:Pidliassia 2844:After the 2824:See also: 2696:Lithuanian 2688:grand duke 2680:Olelkovich 2532:Rex Rusiae 2518:, and the 2455:Igorevichs 2216:See also: 2205:Rus' Truth 2003:Sviatoslav 1841:chronicle 1777:Azerbaijan 1767:, eastern 1761:Kazakhstan 1730:Phanagoria 1708:. After a 1694:Lake Ilmen 1654:Ukrainians 1531:Hermonassa 1495:Ostrogoths 1373:Asia Minor 1333:Sarmatians 1321:Cimmerians 1164:Bronze Age 1152:Copper Age 1113:Gravettian 1097:prehistory 1076:See also: 1067:Prehistory 1022:Russophone 1002:Euromaidan 975:GDP growth 926:and their 902:westward. 632:Greuthungi 626:A part of 619:, and the 539:Television 534:Technology 441:Euromaidan 286:New Russia 266:Right bank 54:Prehistory 14106:Gibraltar 13925:Lithuania 13446:Feudalism 13417:Catalonia 12952:Animation 12919:Languages 12868:(2009-10) 12836:Education 12810:Transport 12722:Judiciary 12715:Elections 12685:President 12624:Mountains 12573:Geography 12464:Holodomor 12400:Hetmanate 12323:Scythians 12044:0228-1635 11893:Q28703759 11851:0037-6779 11757:. 320 pp. 11703:143454991 11435:219616283 11213:. BRILL. 11113:(2010) . 11018:Ruthenica 10939:578666051 10810:cite book 10733:cite book 10453:4 October 10427:4 October 10422:USA TODAY 10401:4 October 10396:0362-4331 10367:4 October 10341:4 October 10312:cite news 9820:Vice News 9659:Jamestown 9575:Kitsoft. 9550:eu-ua.org 9418:europa.eu 7997:4 October 7619:"History" 7581:cite book 7573:994262849 7442:. (1988) 7058:6 January 6766:0235-3490 6594:0929-077X 5982:CBC Radio 5836:used the 5789:Lithuania 5504:Chernihiv 5452:into the 5450:Black Sea 5355:and held 5206:Lithuania 5090:VKontakte 4605:from the 4486:Wehrmacht 4356:Holodomor 4348:Holodomor 4325:kolkhozes 4319:In 1929, 4315:Holodomor 4295:Holodomor 4157:in 1922. 4050:in 1926. 3998:Act Zluky 3511:The 1861 3419:haidamaks 3399:Haidamaka 3365:Azov Seas 3187:Hetmanate 2932:dominated 2873:polonised 2811:in 1783. 2799:with the 2762:Romanians 2708:Ruthenian 2661:Chernihiv 2625:Lithuania 2610:Khanbaliq 2596:In 1322, 2536:Drohiczyn 2423:Volodymyr 2366:Batu Khan 2347:Black Sea 2242:Pechenegs 2225:Chernihiv 2188:Pechenegs 2041:Pechenegs 1977:Drevlians 1901:Rus' land 1791:Radhanite 1751:near the 1736:, a semi- 1706:Radimichs 1682:Tiverians 1678:Ulichians 1670:Drevlyans 1662:Severians 1539:Byzantine 1519:Black Sea 1357:Black Sea 1329:Scythians 1301:Caracalla 1284:with the 1239:Antiquity 1144:Neolithic 1051:began in 992:with the 971:recession 934:, ethnic 886:Holodomor 843:Bolshevik 774:, Hetman 723:Black Sea 662:. In the 658:and then 449:(outline) 416:Chernobyl 386:Holodomor 256:Left bank 136:Onoghuria 14126:Svalbard 14111:Guernsey 14058:Abkhazia 14005:Slovenia 14000:Slovakia 13975:Portugal 13833:Bulgaria 13685:See also 13656:Cold War 13451:Crusades 13421:Valencia 13159:Category 13126:Censuses 13114:Refugees 13109:Diaspora 13046:Holidays 13041:Folklore 12934:Religion 12891:problems 12861:HIV/AIDS 12856:Abortion 12705:Military 12658:Politics 12644:Wildlife 12559:Military 12554:Economic 12542:By topic 12192:Archived 12048:Wikidata 12016:Wikidata 11982:Wikidata 11958:(2021). 11944:Wikidata 11889:Wikidata 11855:Wikidata 11788:(1990). 11773:(1998). 11749:(2006). 11472:(1970). 11462:51912953 11407:(2007). 11360:(2009). 11323:(2003). 11280:(2006). 11262:Archived 11248:Plymouth 11144:, 1947: 11068:(1986 ). 11030:54413298 10929:(1963). 10880:Archived 10633:cite web 10623:18 March 10576:17 March 10551:17 March 10525:17 March 10270:BBC News 10141:Archived 10125:Archived 10107:29 March 9993:29 March 9937:Archived 9922:BBC News 9914:Archived 9891:Archived 9876:BBC News 9868:Archived 9853:BBC News 9845:Archived 9800:BBC News 9782:Archived 9768:BBC News 9760:Archived 9731:BBC News 9560:23 March 9393:BBC News 9366:BBC News 9340:BBC News 9315:BBC News 9297:BBC News 9289:Archived 9274:BBC News 9266:Archived 9237:BBC News 9229:Archived 9214:BBC News 9207:Archived 9146:Archived 9138:BBC News 9130:Archived 9122:BBC News 9114:Archived 9098:Archived 9090:BBC News 9082:Archived 9074:BBC News 9066:Archived 9050:Archived 9032:29 March 9009:Time.com 8990:29 March 8968:BBC News 8960:Archived 8943:BBC News 8935:Archived 8914:29 March 8888:Archived 8885:in JSTOR 8869:BBC News 8861:Archived 8814:(2000). 8729:KyivPost 8681:NBC News 8574:(2002). 8506:(2023). 8487:Archived 8460:Archived 8324:Archived 8172:(2000). 7752:. Ed.2. 7684:(2013). 7461:Archived 7156:archived 7077:Archived 7031:Archived 7009:Archived 6964:7 August 6958:Archived 6770:Archived 6669:47054689 6414:8 August 6284:21698105 6244:PLOS ONE 6217:Archived 6162:38448591 6112:Archived 6107:Inozmi, 5891:Ruthenia 5864:See also 5709:Ruthenia 5526:and the 5490:towards 5488:Mykolaiv 5462:Mariupol 5121:received 4888:in Kyiv. 4820:elected 4749:for the 4644:system. 4526:Volhynia 4518:massacre 4506:autonomy 4433:Bykivnia 4151:Red Army 4134:(1954). 4108:Taganrog 3929:Bukovina 3758:Austrian 3567:Ems Ukaz 3397:and the 3235:, while 3058:233,000 3045:133,000 3026:234,000 3013:311,000 3006:Bratslav 2987:294,000 2980:Volhynia 2974:446,000 2936:nobility 2908:Cossacks 2862:Volhynia 2803:and the 2774:Pokuttya 2754:Cossacks 2657:Volhynia 2637:Volhynia 2587:colonies 2439:Volhynia 2431:Tivertsi 2246:Polovtsy 2233:Novgorod 2184:Mstislav 2144:Pochaina 2126:such as 2071:Vladimir 2059:Yaropolk 2037:Bulgaria 2025:Caucasus 2008:poliudie 1890:Novgorod 1839:Frankish 1757:Caucasus 1755:and the 1702:Krivichs 1511:Pannonia 1479:migrated 1361:Bulgaria 1337:Scythian 1309:Iron Age 1288:legend " 1272:Bosporan 1084:Korolevo 1061:invasion 1029:southern 900:expanded 846:Red Army 730:Cossacks 701:and the 650:, while 463:timeline 301:Bukovina 246:The Ruin 216:Cossacks 96:Sarmatia 76:Cimmeria 24:a series 22:Part of 14030:Ukraine 13980:Romania 13940:Moldova 13898:Ireland 13893:Iceland 13888:Hungary 13878:Germany 13873:Georgia 13863:Finland 13858:Estonia 13853:Denmark 13838:Croatia 13823:Belgium 13818:Belarus 13808:Austria 13803:Armenia 13798:Andorra 13793:Albania 13526:Baroque 13425:Majorca 13337:Francia 13150:Outline 13024:Rushnyk 13019:Pysanka 13004:Borscht 12999:Bandura 12984:Cuisine 12967:Baroque 12944:Culture 12889:suicide 12824:Society 12805:Tourism 12780:Banking 12771:Hryvnia 12758:Economy 12511:Outline 12417:Galicia 12308:History 12299:Ukraine 12131:(1996). 12001:excerpt 11903:, eds. 11803:(1998) 11766:(1918). 11763:Ukraina 11735:(2002) 11731:et al. 11677:(2006). 11599:(1988). 11592:(1986). 11572:, eds. 11498:(1996). 11244:Toronto 11088:(2008) 10495:3 March 10336:NPR.org 10302:14 June 10297:Reuters 10276:14 June 9530:14 June 8709:9 April 8527:wollte. 8415:12 July 8411:: 93–94 8330:10 July 7754:Krytyka 7304:7 April 6693:, p. 7) 6541:Toronto 6305:21 June 6275:3117838 6252:Bibcode 6142:Bibcode 6071:26 June 5821:Marxist 5797:Estonia 5770:of the 5646:Discuss 5546:passed 5532:Kherson 5512:Kharkiv 5476:invaded 5435:Russian 5420:Putin's 5245:Ukraine 5241:Moldova 5147:of the 5082:Mail.ru 5038:to the 4668:Belarus 4594:of the 4522:Galicia 4429:Kharkiv 4380:Donetsk 4372:Kharkiv 4277:, 1920s 4112:Shakhty 4100:Kalmius 3762:Russian 3683:Galicia 3666:Galicia 3349:Siberia 3241:Braclav 3229:Podolia 3130:as the 3112:Cossack 3023:117,000 3000:98,000 2993:Podilia 2967:Galicia 2934:by its 2904:serfdom 2758:Hutsuls 2731:Germans 2714:in the 2653:Polotsk 2641:Podolia 2602:diocese 2516:Hungary 2443:Galicia 2427:Dulebes 2370:Subutai 2343:Mongols 2240:as the 2229:Polotsk 2033:Balkans 1941:Pripyat 1937:Dnieper 1769:Ukraine 1734:Khazars 1722:Bulgars 1686:Balkans 1674:Dulebes 1643:Polesia 1635:Balkans 1631:Ukraine 1483:Ukraine 1456:with a 1397:in the 1384:Demeter 1365:Romania 1313:Dacians 1282:obverse 1266:A gold 1224:Yamnaya 1196:pottery 1057:Luhansk 1053:Donetsk 1025:eastern 936:Russian 906:armies 682:by the 646:in the 628:Scythia 597:Ukraine 514:Judaism 504:Banking 171:Cumania 151:Khazars 86:Scythia 81:Taurica 35:Ukraine 14121:Jersey 14063:Kosovo 14025:Turkey 14015:Sweden 13995:Serbia 13985:Russia 13970:Poland 13965:Norway 13945:Monaco 13915:Latvia 13883:Greece 13868:France 13843:Cyprus 13413:Aragon 13392:Amalfi 13377:Venice 13365:Second 13164:Portal 13014:Kobzar 12979:Cinema 12885:Murder 12851:Health 12790:Energy 12619:Rivers 12612:Cities 12348:Kuyaba 12198:", in 12180:online 12170: 12050: 12042: 12018: 11984: 11974: 11946: 11936: 11891: 11857: 11849: 11792: 11777: 11753: 11718: 11701: 11639:Online 11609:Online 11548: 11460: 11450: 11433: 11423: 11413:Oxford 11396: 11380:online 11370: 11345: 11327: 11309: 11290: 11254: 11217: 11189: 11147:Online 11123: 11028: 11005:Online 10985: 10937: 10877:online 10800: 10790: 10723: 10713: 10681:(2005) 10394: 9945:RFE/RL 9827:7 July 9806:11 May 9639:6 July 9613:6 July 9587:6 July 9489:19 May 9463:19 May 8832: 8644: 8619: 8590: 8518: 8484:(2017) 8440: 8384: 8355: 8287: 8220: 8192: 8118: 8049: 7942: 7863: 7840:6 June 7833: 7823: 7767: 7646: 7571: 7561: 7358: 7329:1 July 7250: 7227:1 July 7148: 7121: 6895: 6764: 6667: 6657: 6617: 6592: 6551: 6513: 6464: 6439: 6405: 6282: 6272: 6160: 6134:Nature 6020: 5795:, and 5793:Latvia 5776:Crimea 5705:steppe 5680:, and 5570:. 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