228:
397:
838:
886:
33:
872:
644:
387:
331:
554:
tasks, such as washing machines and refrigerators, although nowadays, these could be considered brown goods, some of these being connected to the
Internet. Some such appliances were traditionally finished with genuine or imitation wood, hence the name. This has become rare but the name has stuck,
282:
In
America during the 1980s, the industry shipped $ 1.5 billion worth of goods each year and employed over 14,000 workers, with revenues doubling between 1982 and 1990 to $ 3.3 billion. Throughout this period, companies merged and acquired one another to reduce research and production costs and
859:
their parts for reuse. The main types of appliances that are recycled are T.V.s, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, and computers. It involves disassembly, removal of hazardous components and destruction of the equipment to recover materials, generally by shredding, sorting and
813:
can go into a delayed start mode, or vice versa. Or, a washing machine and clothes dryer could share information about load characteristics (gentle/normal, light/full), and synchronize their finish times so the wet laundry does not have to wait before being put in the dryer.
238:
While many appliances have existed for centuries, the self-contained electric or gas powered appliances are a uniquely
American innovation that emerged in the early twentieth century. The development of these appliances is tied to the disappearance of full-time
141:
defines "home appliance" as: "devices or machines, usually electrical, that are in your home and which you use to do jobs such as cleaning or cooking". The broad usage allows for nearly any device intended for domestic use to be a home appliance, including
704:
A survey conducted in 2020 of more than thirteen thousand people in the UK revealed how long appliance owners had their appliances before needing to replace them due to a fault, deteriorating performance, or the age of the appliance.
1474:
808:
There is a trend of networking home appliances together, and combining their controls and key functions. For instance, energy distribution could be managed more evenly so that when a washing machine is on, an
301:
In the 1990s, the appliance industry was very consolidated, with over 90% of the products being sold by just five companies. For example, in 1991, dishwasher manufacturing market share was split between
165:
The development of self-contained electric and gas-powered appliances, an
American innovation, emerged in the early 20th century. This evolution is linked to the decline of full-time domestic
825:, automation, communication with other home appliances, and more functionality enabling connected cooking. Internet-connected home appliances were especially prevalent during recent
1484:
404:
Small appliances are typically small household electrical machines, also very useful and easily carried and installed. Yet another category is used in the kitchen, including:
562:, which sell both entertainment, communication, and home office devices and kitchen appliances such as refrigerators. The highest selling consumer electronics products are
227:
135:
The domestic application attached to home appliance is tied to the definition of appliance as "an instrument or device designed for a particular use or function".
215:, often referred to as brown goods, include items like TVs and computers. There is a growing trend towards home automation and internet-connected appliances.
243:
and the desire to reduce the time-consuming activities in pursuit of more recreational time. In the early 1900s, electric and gas appliances included
344:
Major appliances, also known as white goods, comprise major household appliances and may include: air conditioners, dishwashers, clothes dryers,
1308:
1063:
1357:
193:
of 1987 mandated a 25% reduction in energy consumption every five years. By the 1990s, five companies dominated over 90% of the market.
1255:
295:
190:
1726:
1667:
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even for goods that are unlikely ever to have had a wooden case (e.g. camcorders). In the 2010s, this distinction is absent in large
949:
264:
1644:
1177:
1553:
1443:
396:
1507:
1444:"Getting Smarter All the Time: The Appliance Landscape Continues to Evolve with the Rise of Internet-Connected Devices"
291:
1351:
1292:
691:
673:
298:
of 1987, which required manufacturers to reduce the energy consumption of the appliances by 25% every five years.
1095:
665:
530:) equipment intended for everyday use, typically in private homes. Consumer electronics include devices used for
1654:
669:
1845:
1719:
1412:
929:
and wood-veneer finishes typical on 1950s and 1960s radio and TV receivers, and in contrast to "white goods".
1031:
1989:
817:
Additionally, some manufacturers of home appliances are quickly beginning to place hardware that enables
189:. By the 1980s, the appliance industry was booming, leading to mergers and antitrust legislation. The US
1558:
1313:
1100:
559:
137:
1169:
Antique
Electric Waffle Irons 1900-1960: A History of the Appliance Industry in 20th Century America
2189:
1712:
1318:
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826:
654:
2009:
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658:
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and desire to reduce household chores, allowing for more leisure time. Early appliances included
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2120:
1632:
1341:
845:: mounds of trashed appliances with a few smashed automobiles mixed in, waiting to be scrapped
2125:
1954:
1877:
1633:"The Application Research of Small Home Appliance Product Based on Computer Aided Ergonomics"
284:
1637:
Proceedings of the 2012 International
Conference of Modern Computer Science and Applications
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523:
509:
276:
212:
143:
8:
2168:
1892:
1833:
899:
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611:
527:
307:
199:, often called white goods, include items like refrigerators and washing machines, while
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1907:
1610:
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979:
2041:
1984:
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489:
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129:
1379:
2068:
1902:
1882:
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1749:
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1602:
1260:
390:
303:
240:
181:. The industry saw significant growth post-World War II, with the introduction of
2147:
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1979:
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2105:
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1912:
1872:
1862:
1840:
1769:
1285:
History of Modern Design: Graphics and
Products Since the Industrial Revolution
891:
822:
587:
567:
465:
429:
417:
409:
361:
345:
256:
178:
88:
1606:
2183:
2004:
1927:
1917:
1801:
1786:
1639:. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer. pp. 522–528.
1479:
1475:"Home appliance makers connect with open source 'Internet of things' project"
556:
535:
531:
353:
272:
248:
186:
2073:
2019:
1999:
1823:
1813:
1806:
1764:
1204:
595:
563:
551:
473:
453:
441:
425:
413:
260:
211:. Product design shifted in the 1960s, embracing new materials and colors.
208:
174:
151:
76:
58:
837:
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in 1903 gave a small initial boost to the home appliance industry. In the
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2100:
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1932:
1818:
1759:
619:
603:
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519:
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485:
449:
437:
421:
125:
2014:
1969:
1959:
1942:
1937:
1852:
1828:
1791:
1668:"New computerized home appliance to assist with caring for the elderly"
583:
539:
311:
268:
182:
1585:
Buekens, A.; Yang, J. (2014). "Recycling of WEEE plastics: A review".
855:
Appliance recycling consists of dismantling waste home appliances and
1964:
1922:
1754:
623:
591:
579:
319:
216:
117:
643:
2063:
1974:
1897:
1413:"How long should you expect your large kitchen appliances to last?"
1384:
926:
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607:
54:
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219:
of home appliances involves dismantling and recovering materials.
2110:
2036:
1949:
1774:
1417:
477:
445:
349:
232:
204:
166:
155:
121:
92:
80:
1508:"Appliance Science: The Internet of Toasters (and other things)"
1994:
1699:
1554:"Appliances of the Future Will Be Able to 'Talk' over Internet"
1534:
Hitchcox, Alan (February 2015). "The
Internet of uncertainty".
571:
405:
315:
252:
84:
1250:
1248:
856:
599:
147:
2046:
1512:
810:
615:
575:
330:
32:
1245:
484:
and embraced technological advances in the fabrication of
279:
was reflected by a rise in miscellaneous home appliances.
1389:
500:. Home appliances were sold as space-saving ensembles.
1256:"Best Small Appliances — Small Appliance Reviews"
867:
546:
by producers and sellers, to distinguish them from "
259:. The invention of Earl Richardson's small electric
1587:
The
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
275:were part of a shift for convenience. Increasing
2181:
1205:"Efficient Appliances Save Energy -- and Money"
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1653:Kriske, Rob; Kriske, Mary (July/August 1984).
1720:
1333:
1282:
821:connectivity in home appliances to allow for
1437:
1435:
1153:Encyclopedia of American Industries Volume 1
1046:
841:New Orleans, Louisiana, United States after
542:. In British English, they are often called
1584:
1505:
672:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1727:
1713:
1064:"Tips to ensure safety of home appliances"
902: – Usage of applied science in houses
296:National Appliance Energy Conservation Act
191:National Appliance Energy Conservation Act
31:
1432:
1339:
1159:
692:Learn how and when to remove this message
400:The small appliance department at a store
368:. White goods were typically painted or
1533:
1441:
1340:McDermott, Catherine (30 October 2007).
1061:
836:
395:
385:
329:
226:
1578:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
503:
37:Home appliances may be used in kitchens
2182:
1472:
1442:Michelle, Bangert (1 September 2014).
1165:
908: – Building automation for a home
1708:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1186:
1062:Bulletin, Manila (9 November 2014).
1032:"Definition of household appliances"
719:Shortest average estimated lifespan
670:adding citations to reliable sources
637:
283:eliminate competitors, resulting in
265:Post–World War II economic expansion
1734:
1506:Baguley, Richard; McDonald, Colin.
1207:. Natural Resources Defense Council
716:Longest average estimated lifespan
375:
372:white, and many of them still are.
356:, water heaters, washing machines,
325:
13:
1624:
1360:from the original on 18 April 2016
1172:. Trafford Publishing. p. 1.
1140:
791:
566:. Examples are: home electronics,
292:United States Department of Energy
14:
2201:
1689:
1562:. 15 January 2015. Archived from
1473:Essers, Loek (10 December 2013).
1410:
1380:"Compact disc hits 25th birthday"
972:
459:
884:
870:
642:
488:. A choice in color, as well as
116:, is a machine which assists in
1546:
1527:
1499:
1466:
1404:
1372:
1301:
1276:
1219:
919:
46:Food and beverages, health care
1287:. Laurence King. p. 336.
1115:
1088:
1024:
999:
942:
711:
334:Swedish washing machine, 1950s
1:
954:Lexico Dictionaries | English
936:
633:
1233:. Data monitor, Static.scrib
832:
294:reviews compliance with the
231:Early 20th century electric
7:
1990:Instant hot water dispenser
1536:Hydraulics & Pneumatics
1450:. BNP Media. Archived from
863:
560:consumer electronics stores
10:
2206:
1346:. Routledge. p. 234.
1314:Collins English Dictionary
1127:Collins English Dictionary
1101:Collins English Dictionary
848:
801:
795:
507:
492:, could be offered to the
379:
337:
222:
138:Collins English Dictionary
18:Machine for household uses
2156:
1742:
1607:10.1007/s10163-014-0241-2
827:Consumer Electronics Show
718:
715:
712:
72:
64:
50:
42:
30:
25:
1343:Design: The Key Concepts
1166:George, William (2003).
980:"appliance (definition)"
912:
514:Consumer electronics or
391:Small kitchen appliances
203:encompass items such as
104:, also referred to as a
2010:Laundry-folding machine
1655:"Home Appliance Repair"
468:for appliances such as
306:with 40% market share,
1283:David Raizman (2003).
1155:. Gale Research. 1994.
846:
550:" which are meant for
401:
393:
335:
267:, the domestic use of
235:
1878:Electric water boiler
950:"Household Appliance"
840:
490:fashionable accessory
399:
389:
333:
285:antitrust legislation
230:
177:, refrigerators, and
1663:. Accessed May 2015.
1566:on 24 September 2015
1454:on 24 September 2015
1034:. Collins Dictionary
666:improve this section
510:Consumer electronics
504:Consumer electronics
277:discretionary income
213:Consumer electronics
144:consumer electronics
2169:Appliance recycling
1893:Electric toothbrush
1599:2014JMCWM..16..415B
900:Domestic technology
851:Appliance recycling
709:
612:video game consoles
496:without increasing
114:household appliance
2025:Robotic lawn mower
1908:Evaporative cooler
1487:on 24 October 2018
1321:on 8 December 2014
847:
804:Internet of things
708:
628:answering machines
482:Streamline Moderne
480:shifted away from
402:
394:
336:
236:
120:functions such as
110:electric appliance
106:domestic appliance
2177:
2176:
1797:Coffee percolator
1780:Immersion blender
1660:Mother Earth News
1646:978-3-642-33030-8
1179:978-1-55395-632-7
925:"Brown" from the
878:Technology portal
843:Hurricane Katrina
789:
788:
702:
701:
694:
478:electric toasters
464:In the 1960s the
366:induction cookers
352:, refrigerators,
251:, refrigerators,
241:domestic servants
130:food preservation
98:
97:
2197:
1985:Induction cooker
1955:Garbage disposer
1903:Espresso machine
1858:Electric blanket
1729:
1722:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1673:Rockdale Citizen
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1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1483:. Archived from
1470:
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1463:
1461:
1459:
1448:Appliance Design
1439:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1392:. 17 August 2007
1376:
1370:
1369:
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1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1317:. Archived from
1305:
1299:
1298:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1261:Consumer Reports
1252:
1243:
1242:
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1092:
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1083:
1081:
1072:. Archived from
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1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
960:on 1 August 2020
956:. Archived from
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888:
887:
880:
875:
874:
710:
707:
697:
690:
686:
683:
677:
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638:
516:home electronics
470:washing machines
434:electric kettles
376:Small appliances
358:trash compactors
326:Major appliances
304:General Electric
245:washing machines
201:small appliances
197:Major appliances
171:washing machines
160:air conditioners
35:
23:
22:
2205:
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2200:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2190:Home appliances
2180:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2152:
2148:Washing machine
2143:Water dispenser
2069:Pressure cooker
2052:Convection oven
1980:Ice cream maker
1888:Electric shaver
1883:Electric heater
1868:Electric kettle
1750:Air conditioner
1738:
1736:Home appliances
1733:
1692:
1679:
1677:
1666:
1647:
1631:Du, Z. (2012).
1630:
1627:
1625:Further reading
1622:
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1411:Pratt, Martin.
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1069:Manila Bulletin
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1011:Merriam Webster
1005:
1004:
1000:
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985:Merriam-Webster
978:
977:
973:
963:
961:
948:
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906:Home automation
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806:
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798:Home automation
794:
792:Home automation
724:Washing machine
698:
687:
681:
678:
663:
647:
636:
588:digital cameras
568:radio receivers
512:
506:
498:production cost
462:
452:, toasters and
430:food processors
418:coffee grinders
410:electric mixers
384:
382:Small appliance
378:
362:microwave ovens
346:drying cabinets
342:
340:Major appliance
328:
257:sewing machines
225:
179:sewing machines
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2203:
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2164:Appliance plug
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2106:Television set
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2079:Crisper drawer
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2057:Microwave oven
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1982:
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1913:Food processor
1910:
1905:
1900:
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1875:
1873:Electric knife
1870:
1865:
1863:Electric drill
1860:
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1848:
1841:Domestic robot
1838:
1837:
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1834:drying cabinet
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1770:Barbecue grill
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1696:Home appliance
1691:
1690:External links
1688:
1687:
1686:
1676:. 8 April 2015
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1593:(3): 415–434.
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892:Housing portal
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849:Main article:
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823:remote control
796:Main article:
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768:Fridge freezer
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536:communications
508:Main article:
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466:product design
461:
460:Product design
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380:Main article:
377:
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354:kitchen stoves
338:Main article:
327:
324:
322:with just 2%.
273:clothes dryers
224:
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187:clothes dryers
102:home appliance
96:
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26:Home appliance
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2005:Kitchen stove
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1802:Clothes dryer
1800:
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1787:Bread machine
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1353:9781134361809
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1316:
1315:
1310:
1309:"brown goods"
1304:
1296:
1294:9781856693486
1290:
1286:
1279:
1264:. 29 May 2014
1263:
1262:
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1232:
1231:www.icfdc.com
1228:
1227:"White Goods"
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1123:"brown goods"
1118:
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1096:"white goods"
1091:
1076:on 5 May 2015
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757:Built-in oven
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651:This section
649:
645:
640:
639:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:still cameras
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:compact discs
561:
558:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:entertainment
529:
525:
521:
517:
511:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:refrigerators
471:
467:
457:
455:
454:exhaust hoods
451:
447:
443:
442:coffee makers
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:herb grinders
423:
419:
415:
414:meat grinders
411:
407:
398:
392:
388:
383:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
341:
332:
323:
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317:
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305:
299:
297:
293:
288:
286:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:water heaters
246:
242:
234:
229:
220:
218:
214:
210:
209:coffee makers
206:
202:
198:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:water heaters
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
152:refrigerators
149:
145:
140:
139:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68:In some cases
67:
63:
60:
59:laundry rooms
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
24:
21:
16:
2074:Refrigerator
2020:Riding mower
2000:Kitchen hood
1824:Dehumidifier
1814:Clothes iron
1765:Air purifier
1735:
1678:. Retrieved
1671:
1658:
1636:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1564:the original
1557:
1548:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1511:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:the original
1478:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
1447:
1422:. Retrieved
1416:
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1383:
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1342:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1319:the original
1312:
1303:
1284:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1259:
1235:. Retrieved
1230:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1168:
1161:
1152:
1130:. Retrieved
1126:
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1099:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1074:the original
1067:
1036:. Retrieved
1026:
1014:. Retrieved
1010:
1001:
989:. Retrieved
983:
974:
962:. Retrieved
958:the original
953:
944:
921:
854:
816:
807:
735:Tumble dryer
703:
688:
682:October 2022
679:
664:Please help
652:
604:alarm clocks
552:housekeeping
543:
515:
513:
463:
450:rice cookers
438:waffle irons
403:
343:
318:with 7% and
300:
289:
281:
261:clothes iron
237:
195:
164:
136:
134:
113:
109:
105:
101:
99:
77:Refrigerator
20:
15:
2138:Waffle iron
2101:Slow cooker
2091:Rice cooker
2032:Leaf blower
1819:Coffeemaker
1760:Air ioniser
1559:The Mercury
1007:"Appliance"
620:home cinema
584:DVD players
548:white goods
544:brown goods
494:mass market
486:sheet metal
422:deep fryers
269:dishwashers
183:dishwashers
146:as well as
51:Application
2015:Lawn mower
1970:Humidifier
1960:Hair dryer
1938:Fan heater
1853:Deep fryer
1846:comparison
1829:Dishwasher
1792:Bug zapper
1396:15 October
1364:5 December
1325:5 December
1132:5 December
1107:5 December
937:References
802:See also:
746:Dishwasher
713:Appliance
634:Life spans
624:telephones
592:camcorders
540:recreation
520:electronic
314:with 20%,
312:Electrolux
310:with 31%,
1965:Hair iron
1928:bladeless
1755:Air fryer
1615:108437684
860:grading.
857:scrapping
833:Recycling
785:18 years
774:14 years
763:23 years
752:13 years
741:17 years
730:13 years
653:does not
608:computers
320:Thermador
308:Whirlpool
217:Recycling
118:household
89:microwave
2184:Category
2157:See also
2064:Pie iron
1975:Icemaker
1898:Epilator
1385:BBC News
1358:Archived
964:25 April
927:bakelite
864:See also
829:events.
819:Internet
782:29 years
771:24 years
760:29 years
749:22 years
738:24 years
727:21 years
446:blenders
370:enameled
350:freezers
205:toasters
167:servants
156:toasters
126:cleaning
73:Examples
55:Kitchens
43:Industry
2131:robotic
2121:central
2111:Toaster
2037:Lighter
1950:Freezer
1933:ceiling
1775:Blender
1595:Bibcode
1542:(2): 8.
1424:27 June
1038:24 July
1016:24 July
674:removed
659:sources
572:TV sets
557:big box
528:digital
406:juicers
253:kettles
233:toaster
223:History
122:cooking
93:blender
81:toaster
2126:manual
1995:Juicer
1943:window
1700:Curlie
1643:
1613:
1418:Which?
1350:
1291:
1176:
779:Fridge
600:clocks
524:analog
476:, and
364:, and
316:Maytag
271:, and
148:stoves
85:kettle
65:Wheels
2084:smart
2042:Mixer
1923:attic
1807:combo
1743:Types
1680:5 May
1611:S2CID
1570:5 May
1519:5 May
1491:5 May
1458:5 May
1268:5 May
1237:6 May
1211:4 May
1080:5 May
991:4 May
913:Notes
112:or a
108:, an
2047:Oven
1682:2015
1641:ISBN
1572:2015
1521:2015
1513:CNET
1493:2015
1460:2015
1426:2021
1398:2019
1366:2014
1348:ISBN
1327:2014
1289:ISBN
1270:2015
1239:2015
1213:2015
1174:ISBN
1134:2014
1109:2014
1082:2015
1040:2013
1018:2013
993:2015
966:2020
811:oven
657:any
655:cite
626:and
618:and
616:HiFi
582:and
576:VCRs
538:and
518:are
290:The
255:and
207:and
185:and
158:and
128:and
57:and
1918:Fan
1698:at
1603:doi
1390:BBC
668:by
526:or
132:.
2186::
1670:.
1657:.
1635:.
1609:.
1601:.
1591:16
1589:.
1556:.
1540:68
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1510:.
1477:.
1446:.
1434:^
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1388:.
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1258:.
1247:^
1229:.
1188:^
1142:^
1125:.
1098:.
1066:.
1048:^
1009:.
982:.
952:.
630:.
622:,
614:,
610:,
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602:,
598:,
594:,
590:,
586:,
580:CD
578:,
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570:,
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676:.
662:.
522:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
