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to a black colour. Most of the surviving pieces are small fragments with only a few characters on them. Based on the size of the Tangut writing, the woodblocks have been categorized into three types: 1) "large character" woodblocks (each character 1.0–1.2 cm) ; 2) "medium character" woodblocks (each
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The pagoda was constructed of bricks around a solid clay interior, with a central supporting pillar made of wood. After renovation, it is now hollow, with a small entrance on the south face of the first storey which leads to the hollow interior, which is not partitioned into floors, and reaches up
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The pagoda has been repaired and renovated several times over the centuries, but by the 1980s it was in a fragile state, with the brickwork around the base missing, the pinnacle lost, and large cracks in its structure. In 1987, experts from various institutes were invited to survey the pagoda, and
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The pagoda has a very unusual form, being divided vertically into two architecturally distinct sections. The lower section is octagonal in shape, with each side 5 metres (16 ft) wide at the base, and comprises three storeys, in total 15.73 metres (51.6 ft) in height. The upper part is
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The pagoda was originally part of a
Buddhist monastery, but it is now the only surviving remnant of the temple. Based on the high quality of statues and paintings found in the pagoda, it is thought that the monastery it belonged to must have been high-ranking with imperial patronage.
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During renovation in 1990, a large number of objects dating to the
Western Xia were discovered in a small room at the base of the pinnacle of the pagoda, includes the remains of painted earthenware Buddhist statues and thousands of pieces of wooden printing blocks for
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come up with a plan for its restoration. The survey concluded that the pagoda was structurally unsound, and could fall down at any time, so it was decided to take the pagoda down, and rebuild it. The dismantling and rebuilding of the pagoda took place in 1989–1990.
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In addition, more than 2,000 pieces of wooden printing blocks were discovered in the pagoda, of which 1,068 were engraved with Tangut characters for printing
Buddhist sutras. The printing blocks had been subjected to a fire, and so the wood has
212:-shaped base and a hemispherical dome. Before renovation the damaged pagoda was 28.2 metres (93 ft) high, but after renovation (and reconstruction of the lost pinnacle) the pagoda is now 35.0 metres (114.8 ft) in height.
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northeast of the
Western Xia capital city, which Lei Runze thinks might be related to the Hongfo Pagoda. Apart from this there are no other surviving historical mentions of Hongfo Pagoda.
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In 1990, a panel of experts voted the discovery of
Western Xia artefacts in the pagoda as one of the ten most important archaeological discoveries of the year.
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Buddhist texts. Fourteen of the objects discovered have been listed as Class A cultural heritage under national protection. The objects discovered include:
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suggests that the associated monastery could have been the
Dadumin Monastery or the Wenjia Monastery, but there is no evidence for this identification.
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Based on the discovery of
Western Xia period artefacts and texts during renovation in 1990, it has been determined that the pagoda must date to the
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The pagoda is located in the countryside east of
Hongxing Village (红星村), Jingui Township (金贵镇), about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Helan city.
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In 1988, the pagoda was listed as an important protected cultural site in
Ningxia; and in 2013, the pagoda was listed as a
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a fragment of a manuscript of a Tangut
Buddhist text, with four Tangut characters (the last character means 'Buddha') .
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101:(1038–1227), and when it was renovated in 1990 a number of Western Xia statues and printed texts were discovered.
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writing on both sides ("money for the precious pagoda" on one side, and the names of donors on the other side) ;
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character about 1.0 cm) ; and 3) "small character" woodblocks (each character about 0.6 cm) . According to
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the remains of 14 silk paintings, of which seven are Chinese style paintings, and six are Tibetan style
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a wooden model of a stupa, 17.5 centimetres (6.9 in) high, with a silk ribbon tied to its finial;
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684:[China's earliest extant woodblock with text on exhibition — it is a Western Xia woodblock]
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but now only extant in a Chinese translation) are the oldest surviving text woodblocks in China.
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a wooden tablet, 11.2 by 1.9 centimetres (4.41 in × 0.75 in), inscribed with
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Explanatory stone monument a Hongfo Pagoda, dated 7 August 2012. Accessed 30 August 2016.
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Lei, Runze (1996). "The Structural Character and Tradition of Ningxia's Stupas".
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source mentions the existence of a lake called 'Three-Stupa Lake' located 30
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647:]. Wenwu chubanshe. pp. 47, 52, 116, 119–121, 127, 131, 132, 285.
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Eight clay models of stupas were also discovered in a depression in the
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4 miniature clay models of Buddhas 4 centimetres (1.6 in) high;
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Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level
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Han, Xiaomang 韓小忙; Sun, Changsheng 孙昌盛; Chen, Yuexin 陈悦新 (2001).
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foundations of the stupa. A number of bronze coins dating to the
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the bodies and various body parts of 12 earthenware statues of
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a fragment of a printed page from the Tangut-Chinese glossary
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Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Ningxia
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Major national historical and cultural sites in Ningxia
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were also discovered during restoration of the pagoda.
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the printing blocks for the Tangut translation of the
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625:]. Shanghai guji chubanshe. pp. 68–69, 147.
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236:2 earthenware sculptures of the faces of Buddhas;
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201:Detail of the second storey of the bottom section
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337:Woodblock for the Tangut translation of the
269:one wooden sculpture of a half-naked female
326:釋摩訶衍論 (a Buddhist commentary attributed to
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239:2 earthenware sculptures of the faces of
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659:"弘扬优秀传统 加强古籍雕版保护 ——"古代珍贵雕版保护研讨会"在京召开文化"
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55:Hongfo Pagoda in Helan County
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583:He, Lulu 贺璐璐 (6 July 2008).
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262:one wooden sculpture of a
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16:Pagoda in Ningxia, China
617:Du, Jianlu 杜建录 (2012).
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37:38.57222°N 106.42722°E
682:"中国现存最早文字雕版展出 系西夏文版片"
585:""天宫"中的惊世发现 宏佛塔修缮发掘记"
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665:12 December
569:(4): 55–62.
264:bodhisattva
193:Description
114:Western Xia
99:Western Xia
85:located in
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28:106°25′38″E
723:Categories
545:References
315:carbonized
25:38°34′20″N
619:中国藏西夏文献研究
328:Nāgārjuna
320:Shi Jinbo
160:Shi Jinbo
93:city, in
78:Hóngfó Tǎ
523:See also
278:thangkas
91:Yinchuan
271:tantric
105:History
95:Ningxia
65:Chinese
341:釋摩訶衍論
294:Tangut
249:arhats
227:Tangut
83:pagoda
75::
73:pinyin
67::
643:[
641:西夏美术史
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257:arhat
209:ratha
152:circa
690:2019
667:2019
120:and
59:The
69:宏佛塔
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126:BP
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