Horror film - Knowledge

38: 3638: 1171: 69: 4613:(ETP) which causes a physiological arousal in audience members. The ETP refers to the feelings experienced immediately after an emotion-arousing experience, such as watching a horror film. In this case, audience members' heart rate, blood pressure and respiration all increased while watching films with violence. Audience members with positive feedback regarding the horror film have feelings similar to happiness or joy felt with friends, but intensified. Alternatively, audience members with negative feedback regarding the film would typically feel emotions they would normally associate with negative experiences in their life. 2742: 3077: 4211:'s Filmirage company, independent films or works for television and home video. Since the year 2000, European horror cinema has undergone a major revival. Italian productions were part of this revival, but these productions did not reach as either a wide audience or a critical recognition as films from France, Germany, Spain or the United Kingdom. With the exception of a few films, most Italian horror productions in the first 15 years of the 21st century have not been theatrically released, nor have they been featured in mainstream press discourse. 1045: 4135:(1960) was particularly influential. Many productions of this era were often written in a hurry, sometimes developed during filming production by production companies that often did not last very long, sometimes for only one film production. After 1966, the gothic cycle ended, primarily through a broader crisis that effected the Italian film industry with its audience rapidly shrinking. Some gothics continued to be produced into the beginning of the 1970s, while the influence of the genre was felt in other Italian genres like the 3819: 4648:, which is when someone experiences tension in themselves and is urged to relieve that tension. Dissonance is the clashing of unpleasant or harsh sounds. A study by Prete et al. identified that the ability to recognize dissonance relied on the left hemisphere of the brain, while consonance relied on the right half. There is a stronger preference for consonance; this difference is noticeable even in early stages of life. Previous musical experience also can influence a dislike for dissonance. 3038:(1980), at least 20 other slasher films appeared in 1980 alone. These films usually revolved around three properties: unique social settings (campgrounds, schools, holidays) and a crime from the past committed (an accidental drowning, infidelity, a scorned lover) and a ready made group of victims (camp counselors, students, wedding parties). The genre was derided by several contemporary film critics of the era such as Ebert, and often were highly profitable in the box office. The release of 1185: 1203: 1119: 4749: 14747: 13557: 10980: 2396: 1359: 4030: 14759: 13567: 4542: 2776:. The term "gothic" is frequently used to describe a stylized approach to showcasing location, desire, and action in film. Contemporary views of the genre associate it with imagery of castles at hilltops and labyrinth like ancestral mansions that are in various states of disrepair. Narratives in these films often focus on an audience's fear and attraction to social change and rebellion. The genre can be applied to films as early as 446: 955: 2383: 3549: 4151:, a long-running series of mystery and crime novels identifiable by their distinctive uniform yellow covers, and is used in Italy to describe all mystery and thriller fiction. English-language critics use the term to describe more specific films within the genre, involving a murder mystery that revels in the details of the murder rather than the deduction of it or police procedural elements. 3199: 2543:(1986). Others take a broader view that Christmas horror is not limited to the slasher genre, noting how it evolved from the English Christmas tradition of telling ghost stories. Christmas in literature has historically included elements of "darkness"—fright, misery, death and decay—tracing its literary antecedents as far back as the biblical account of the 3682:, editors Patricia Allmer, Emily Brick, and David Huxley noted that French cinema was generally perceived as having a tradition of the fantastic, rather than horror films. The editors noted that French cinema had produced a series of outstanding individual horror films, from directors who did not specialize in the field. In their book 4203:(1980) and with the death of Mario Bava, Fulci became what historian Roberto Curti called "Italy's most prominent horror film director in the early 1980s". Several zombie films were made in the country in the early 80s from Fulci and others while Argento would continue directing and producing films for others such as 925:, contamination, and the unknown, reflecting the collective psyche of the time. Rhodes also highlights the significance of technological advancements, such as the advent of sound in cinema, which revolutionized the horror genre by enhancing its ability to evoke fear and suspense through auditory effects. 4095:

stated that it would "appear legitimate to start exploring the fantastic." Italian film historian Goffredo Fofi echoed these statements, stating in 1963 that "ghosts, monsters and the taste for the horrible appears when a society that became wealthy and evolves by industrializing, and are accompanied

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in Italy had forced film in the early sound era to "spread the civilization of Rome throughout the world as quickly as possible." Another influence was the Centro Cattolico Cinematografico (Catholic Cinematic Centre) that was described by Curti as "permissive towards propaganda and repressive against

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of the events on screen, and presents the footage as being discovered after. Horror films which are framed as being made up of "found-footage" merge the experiences of the audience and characters, which may induce suspense, shock, and bafflement. Alexandra Heller-Nicholas noted that the popularity of

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A genre that emerged in the 1970s, body horror films focus on the process of a bodily transformation. In these films, the body is either engulfed by some larger process or heading towards fragmentation and collapse. The focus can be on apocalyptic implication of an entire society being overtaken, but

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in what is known as the "negative bias." When applied to dissonant music, HR decreases (as a bodily form of adaptation to harsh stimulation), SCR increases, and EMG responses in the face are higher. The typical reactions go through a two-step process of first orienting to the problem (the slowing of

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in 1983 introduced a selective subvention system, causing the overall number of annually made films (including horror films) to shrink, thereby dealing a heavy blow to horror industry and the Fantaterror craze. In addition, there were changing habits on audiences and the visual material they sought.

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theaters. As producers and distributors all over the world were interested in horror films, regardless of their origin, changes started occurring in European low-budget filmmaking that allowed for productions in the 1960s and 1970s for horror films from Italy, France, Germany, the United Kingdom and

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The interaction between horror films and their audiences is another significant aspect discussed by Rhodes. He notes that horror films often serve as a safe space for viewers to confront and process their fears. This cathartic experience can provide psychological relief and a sense of empowerment as

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comments that "the negative definition of the lower works would have it that they are less subtle than higher genres. More positively, it could be said that they are more direct. Where lower forms are explicit, higher forms tend to operate more by indirection. Because of this indirection the higher

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Some critics have suggested horror films can be a vessel for exploring contemporary cultural, political and social trends. Jeanne Hall, a film theorist, agrees with the use of horror films in easing the process of understanding issues by making use of their optical elements. The use of horror films

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viewed as a cycle would place it in terms of how the film industry was economically and production wise, the personnel involved in their respective eras, and how the films were marketed exhibited and distributed. Mark Jancovich in an essay declared that "there is no simple 'collective belief' as to

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where he noted that Horror films in the 1930s were easy to identify, but following that decade "the more blurred distinctions become, and horror becomes less like a discrete genre than an effect which can be deployed within any number of narrative settings or narratives patterns". In the 1940s, the

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ended production of horror films and German productions never gained a mass audience leading the genre to not return in any major form until the late 1960s. Between 1933 and 1989, Randall Halle stated about only 34 films that could be described as horror films and 45 which were co-productions with

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and sexuality in horror films. This regulation often pushed filmmakers to find creative ways to imply horror elements without explicit content, leading to a focus on atmosphere, suggestion, and psychological horror. The relaxation of censorship in the late 20th century allowed for more graphic and

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as the main antagonists that bring a sense of threat. Such films commonly use religious elements, including the crucifix or cross, holy water, the Bible, the rosary, the sign of the cross, the church, and prayer, which are forms of religious symbols and rituals used to depict the use of faith to

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The highest point of production of Spanish horror films took place during late Francoism, between 1968 and 1975, a period associated to the so-called Fantaterror, the local expression of Euro Horror, identifiable for its "disproportionate doses of sex and violence". During this period, several

710:(1914) was a melodrama about a thief who steals from his own sister. During the silent era, the term horror was used to describe everything from "battle scenes" in war films to tales of drug addiction. Rhodes concluded that the term "horror film" or "horror movie" was not used in early cinema. 4703:

Steffen Hantke noted that academic criticism about horror cinema had "always operated under duress" noting that challenges in legitimizing its subject, finding "career-minded academics might have always suspected that they were studying something that was ultimately too frivolous, garish, and

4386:) came to see horror as a profitable niche, and the genre thereby became a successful formula for box-office hits in the 2000s, underpinning the wider switch in the industry from the largely State-dependent model of the 1980s to the hegemony of mass media holdings in domestic film production. 3031:

is a horror subgenre which involves a killer murdering a group of people (often teenagers), usually by use of bladed tools. In his book on the genre, author Adam Rockoff wrote that these villains represented a "rogue genre" of films that are "tough, problematic, and fiercely individualistic."

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declared a mixed definition of the psychological horror film, ranging from definitions of anything that created a sense of disquiet or apprehension to a film where an audience's mind makes up what was not directly displayed visually. Gibron concluded it as a "clouded gray area between all out

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Moreover, the horror genre's flexibility and adaptability are crucial to its enduring popularity. As Rhodes notes, the genre continuously evolves, incorporating elements from other genres and responding to contemporary societal fears and anxieties. This adaptability is evident in the various

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and low-frequency noise (<500 Hz) in long durations has an effect on vocal range (i.e. longer exposure tends to form a lower phonation frequency range). Another study by Baliatsas et al. observed that there is a correlation between exposure to infrasound and low-frequency noises and

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in 1978 helped inaugurate the horror film into academic study as a genre. Wood later stated that he was surprised that his work, as well as the writing of Richard Lippe and Andrew Britton would receive "historic importance" intellectual views of the film genre. William Paul in his book

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became chancellor in 1982. The amount of West German film productions were already low in the 1980s, leaving the genre to be shot by amateurs who had little to no budgets. In the early 1980s, West Germany's government cracked down on graphic horror films similar to the United Kingdom's

3153:(1958). Teen horror cycle in the 1980s often showcased explicit gore and nudity, with John Kenneth Muir described as cautionary conservative tales where most of the films stated if you partook in such vices such as drugs or sex, your punishment of death would be handed out. Prior to 1552: 3359:(1921). By 1913, the more prolific era of Australian cinema ended with production not returning with heavy input of government finance in the 1970s. It took until the 1970s for Australia to develop sound film with television films that eventually received theatrical release with 4821:

which was implemented in 1930, set moral guidelines for film content, restraining movies containing controversial themes, graphic violence, explicit sexuality and/or nudity. The gradual abandonment of the Code, and its eventual formal repeal in 1968 (when it was replaced by the

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panic. A direct response to this led to West German independent directors in the late 1980s and early 1990s, West German indie directors to release a comparatively high number of what Kai-Uwe Werbeck described as low-budget "hyper-violent horror films" sometimes described as

4606:(fMRI). This study used the inter-subject correlation analysis (ISC) method of determining results. It was shown that audience members tend to focus on certain facets in a particular scene simultaneously and tend to sit as still as possible while watching horror films. 3694:

with 40 years of productions described as "highly divisive" low budget horror films often featuring erotic elements, vampires, low budgets, pulp stories and references to both high and low European art. Another of the few French directors who specialized in horror is

4167:(1964) as predominantly a series of violent, erotically charged set pieces that are "increasingly elaborate and spectacular" in their construction, and that Bava pushed these elements to the extreme which would solidify the genre. It was not until the success of 4259:(1972). These directors adapted established monsters from popular films, comics and pulp fiction and imbuing them with what Lazaro-Reboll described as "certain local flavour and relevance." A partial overview of films from this era focused on classic monsters ( 3730:, among others, had made "cinema suddenly determined to break every taboo, to wade in rivers of viscera and spumes of sperm, to fill each frame with flesh, nubile, or gnarled, and subject it to all manner of penetration mutilation and defilement." In her book 3968:, described by Werbeck as "arguably the most visible German horror director of the 1980s and early 1990s", one which Harald Harzheim claimed to be "the first German director since the 1920s to give the horror genre new impulses". Similar gory films such as 7935:

Dellacherie, Delphine; Roy, Mathieu; Hugueville, Laurent; Peretz, Isabelle; Samson, Séverine (March 2011). "The effect of musical experience on emotional self-reports and psychophysiological responses to dissonance: Psychophysiology of musical emotion".

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Film production decreased dramatically in the late 1970s and 1980s for several reasons, including the boom in historical and political films in Spain during early year of democracy. The film legislation implemented by general director of cinematography

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that the view of the genre has been "almost exclusively been constructed negatively" and that the rise in horror film productions in the late 1960s and 1970s in Spain was "reviled by contemporary critics, film historians and scholars". In his 1974 book

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was tasked with protection of minors from violent, racist and pornographic content in literature and comic books which led to increased the code which became law in 1973. These laws expanded to home video in 1985 following the release of titles such as

3185:(2001). In her book on the 1990s teen horror cycle, Alexandra West described the general trend of these films is often looked down upon by critics, journals, and fans as being too glossy, trendy, and sleek to be considered worthwhile horror films. 4215:

was the only Italian horror film maker active since the 1970s and 1980s continuing to make exploitation films with any regularity or consistency, while Ivan Zuccon developed films cheaply, often costing only a few thousand dollars. Similarly,

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Horror has proven to be a dependable genre at the Mexican box office in the 21st-century, with Mexico ranking as having the world's largest relative popularity of the genre among viewers (ahead of South Korea), according to a 2016 research.

4475:, the Mexploitation horror film era started in 1957, with films characterised by their low production values and camp appeal, often featuring vampires, wrestlers, and Aztec mummies. A key figure in the Mexican horror scene (particularly in 3120:

teenage leads, appealing to young generations. This subgenre often depicts themes of sex, under-aged drinking, and gore. Horror films aimed a young audience featuring teenage monsters grew popular in the 1950s with several productions from

4328:, author Román Gurbern saw contemporary Spanish horror films as "derivative of Authentic American and European traditions" that will "never make it into the histories of Spanish cinema, unless it is dealt with in a succinct footnote." 1104:

viewers face and overcome their anxieties in a controlled environment. The communal experience of watching horror films in theaters or discussing them in fan communities also plays a crucial role in the genre's impact and popularity.

3415:, suggested meant "making a profit was more important than making a good film." Shelley called these films derivative of "American films and presenting generic American material". These films included the horror film productions of 3619:

Spain, as well as co-productions between these countries. Several productions, such as those in Italy, were co-productions due to the lack of international stars within the country. European horror films began developing strong

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which Newman described as "disreputable crazes". In Italy entered the 1980s, the Italian film industry would gradually move towards making films for television. The decade started with a high-budgeted production of Argento's

3377:(1974) was the first Australian horror production made for theatrical release. 1970s Australian art cinema was funded by state film corporations, who considered them more culturally acceptable than local exploitation films ( 13764: 4616:

Only about 10% of the American population enjoy the physiological rush felt immediately after watching horror films. The population that does not enjoy horror films could experience emotional fallout similar to that of

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were often more erotic and "just plain stranger" than their British and American counter-parts. European horror films (generally referred to as Euro Horror) draw from distinctly European cultural sources, including

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Miller C, Van Riper A. Marketing, Monsters, and Music: Teensploitation Horror Films. Journal of American Culture . June 2015;38(2):130–141. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Retrieved 21 March

3419:. While Australia would have success with international films between the mid-1980s and the 2000s, less than five horror films were produced in the country between 1993 and 2000. It was only after the success of 1340:

pessimism. In many occurrences, the manipulation of horror presents cultural definitions that are not accurate, yet set an example to which a person relates to that specific cultural from then on in their life.

870:, and horror fan bases dismissing it as being inauthentic to either genre. Further debates exist among fans of the genre with personal definitions of "true" horror films, such as fans who embrace 905:

In addition to these perspectives, Rhodes emphasizes the evolution of the horror genre through various cultural and historical contexts. He discusses the impact of socio-political factors on the

4315:(1973) Antonio Lazaro-Reboll wrote in 2012 that in the last forty years, the horror film has formed as a significant part of Spain's local transnational filmic production, that created its own 4400:

tried to capitalise on the success of the former film by creating the Fantastic Factory genre label and eventually came to develop one of the most successful Spanish film franchises with the

2913:(1975), which became the highest-grossing film at that point and moved the animal attacks genres "towards a less-fantastic route" with less giant animals and more real-life creatures such as 3614:

Between the mid-1950s and the mid-1980s, European horror films emerged from countries like Italy, Spain and France, and were shown in the United States predominantly at drive-in theatre and

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in 2006 sparked a taste for amateur media, leading to the production of further films in the found footage horror genre later in the 2000s including the particularly financially successful

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Bonanca, Iris; Caetano, Marlene; Castelo Branco, NunoA.A.; Ferraria, Renata; Graca, Andreia; Jorge, Ana; Mendes, Ana P; Oliveira, Nadia; Santos, Carolina; Alves-Pereira, Mariana (2014).

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to change its focus to being a more commercial operation. This closed in 1980 as its funding was abused by investors using them as tax avoiding measures. A new development known as the

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the focus is generally upon an individual and their sense of identity, primarily them watching their own body change. The earliest appearance of the sub-genre was the work of director

9679: 2557:(1843). Although ghosts have largely been replaced by serial killers, Christmas horror creates an outlet through which to explore "a modern reinvention of the Christmas ghost story". 9480:

Martin, Daniel (2018). "The Enduring Cult of The Bride with White Hair: Chivalry and the monstrous Other in the Hong Kong Fantasy-Horror". In Bettinson, Gary; Martin, Daniel (eds.).

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is a subgenre "featuring nature running amok in the form of mutated beasts, carnivorous insects, and normally harmless animals or plants turned into cold-blooded killers." In 1963,

2474:(1975). Mark Jancovich of the University of Manchester declared that the transformation scenes in the genre provoke fear and repulsion, but also pleasure and excitement such as in 4001: 2815:'s Poe-cycle, and several Italian productions. By the 1970s American and British productions often had vampire films set in a contemporary setting, such as Hammer Films had their 929:

sub-genres that have emerged over the years, such as psychological horror, body horror, and found footage horror, each addressing different aspects of human fear and the unknown.

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of the genre. Jancovich found that disagreements existed from audiences who wanted to distinguish themselves. This ranged from fans of different genres who may view a film like

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Prete, Giulia; Fabri, Mara; Foschi, Nicoletta; Brancucci, Alfredo; Tommasi, Luca (4 May 2015). "The 'consonance effect' and the hemispheres: A study on a split-brain patient".

4511:(1984). Mexican horror cinema has been noted for the mashup of classic gothic and romantic themes and characters with autochthonous features of the Mexican culture such as the 2598:, are considered quintessential erotic horror films, blending deeply sexual imagery with gore. American cinema has also featured notable erotic horror film franchises, such as 4417:(2007) ensued with the release of ersatz gothic films featuring creepy children. Other key names for the development of the genre in the 21st-century Spanish industry include 1059:

is one such method that can play a part in inducing a reaction, causing one's eyes to remotely rest on anything in the frame – a wall, or the empty black void in the shadows.

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were rooted in popular cinema, and were often co-productions with other countries. Curti described the initial wave of the 1960s Italian gothic horror allowed directors like

3995: 2823:. In the 1980s, the older horror characters of Dracula and Frankenstein's monster rarely appeared, with vampire themed films continued often in the tradition of authors like 3495:

had an influence curating New Zealand horror films, creating the Incredibly Strange Film Festival in the 1990s and producing his own horror films over the 2010s including

3044:(1996), led to a brief revival of the slasher films for the 1990s. Other countries imitated the American slasher film revival, such as South Korea's early 2000s cycle with 9561: 1141:(2010), Lerner writes "music in horror film frequently makes us feel threatened and uncomfortable" and intends to intensify the atmosphere created in imagery and themes. 10167:

Walker, Johnny (2016). "4. Knowing the Unknown Beyond 'Italianate' and 'Italian' Horror Cinema in the Twenty-First Century". In Baschiera, Stefano; Hunter, Russ (eds.).

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Hantke, Steffan (2007). "Academic Film Criticism, the Rhetoric of Crisis, and the Current State of American Horror Cinema: Thoughts on Canonicity and Academic Anxiety".

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are often used in horror films is to create visual depth and build tension. Shelton argues mirrors have been used so frequently in horror films that audiences have been

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for the Latin-American market employing Mexican actors, Mexican horror films were produced throughout the 1930s and 1940s, often reflecting on the overarching theme of

10140: 5992: 9050: 4823: 3562: 2762:, Richard J. McRoy and Richard J. Hand stated that "Gothic" can be argued as a very loose subgenre of horror, but argued that "Gothic" as a whole was a style like 7420:

Rodríguez Ortega, Vicente; Romero Santos, Rubén (2020). "Spanish Horror Film: Genre, Television and a New Model of Production". In Lewis, I.; Canning, L. (eds.).

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defined "horrors" as showcasing "striped convicts, murderous Indians, grinning 'black-handers', homicidal drunkards" Some titles that suggest horror such as

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has produced around 190 feature films, with about 88% of them being made after 1976. New Zealand horror film history was described by Philip Matthews of

832:(2008) that the term was virtually synonymous with mystery as a generic term, not being limited to films concerned with the strange, eerie and uncanny. 8085: 5528: 3974: 7792:"Health effects from low-frequency noise and infrasound in the general population: Is it time to listen? A systematic review of observational studies" 3734:, Alexandra West described the phenomenon as initially an art house movement, but as the directors of those films started making horror films fitting 10833: 4700:

forms are often regarded as being more metaphorical, and consequently more resonant, more open to the exegetical analyses of the academic industry."

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and regulation in shaping the horror genre. The enforcement of the Hays Code in the 1930s and subsequent rating systems influenced the depiction of

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Willis, Andy (2018). "From Killer Snakes to Taxi Hunters: Hong Kong Horror in an Exploitation Context". In Bettinson, Gary; Martin, Daniel (eds.).

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Jancovich, Mark (2008). "Pale Shadows; Narrative Hierarchies in the Historiography of 1940s Horror". In Geraghty, Lincoln; Janovich, Mark (eds.).

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Nowell, Richard (2011). "'There's More Than One Way to Lose Your Heart': The American Film Industry, Early Teen Slasher Films, and Female Youth".

3535:(2007) stating "I'd love to see a genuinely scary New Zealand film but I don't know if New Zealand audiences – or the funding bodies – are keen." 8409: 921:, which shaped the themes and narratives of horror films. For instance, the anxieties of the post-war era manifested in horror films as fears of 13987: 3847: 9814: 9544: 8060: 5583: 4289:(1975)). Most films of the period were low-budget films with short shooting schedules, while occasional films had respectable budgets such as 3008:

Religious horror is a subgenre of horror film whose common themes are based on religion and focus heavily on supernatural beings, often with

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German horror films made a comeback in what Werbeck described as a mainstream fashion in the 21st century. This included the box office hit

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stories set in a modern setting and made other horror material which pushed the erotic content of their vampire films that was initiated by

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sleep-related problems. Though most horror films keep the audio around 20–30 Hz, the noise can still be unsettling in long durations.

418: 606:. The genre has been produced worldwide, varying in content and style between regions. Horror is particularly prominent in the cinema of 9769: 5850: 5468: 3825:

in 2015. Buttgereit was described by Kai-Uwe Werbeck as "arguably the most visible German horror director of the 1980s and early 1990s".

2521:(1974). Defining the Christmas horror genre has been described as challenging, as it has generally been regarded as a sub-genre of the 621:

Despite being the subject of social and legal controversy due to their subject matter, some horror films and franchises have seen major

4867: 3408: 3463:(1984) where a mother is sent to remote cottage to photograph penguins and finds it habitat to haunted spirits, and Gaylene Preston's 37: 14797: 13962: 12123: 5620: 4466: 467: 10372: 4628:

can provide psychological benefits to the bereaved, with the genre well suited to representing grief through its genre conventions.

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had monopolized Italian cinema in the 1940s, and as the average Italian standard for living increased, Italian critic and historian

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declared that commonality between horror films are that "normality is threatened by the monster." This was further expanded upon by

14088: 13603: 12911: 7589: 4281: 3611:. In comparison to the narrative logic in American genre films, these films focused on imagery, excessiveness, and the irrational. 2427: 1279: 1184: 514: 229: 9463:

Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff: The Expanded Story of a Haunting Collaboration, with a Complete Filmography of Their Films Together

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HR), then a defensive process (a stronger increase in SCR and an increase in HR). This initial response can sometimes result in a

3425:(2005) that a new generation of filmmakers would continuously make horror genre films in Australia that continued into the 2010s. 1055:

In a study by Jacob Shelton, the many ways that audience members are manipulated through horror films was investigated in detail.

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found that the genre had "lost momentum" since the 1970s while the films would still be made towards the turn of the millennium.

965: 276: 3770:(2007). Some of these horror films of the New French Extremity movement would regularly place on "Best Of" genre lists, such as 13890: 12310: 4157: 3441:

as making "po-faced gothic and now we do horror for laughs." Among the earliest known New Zealand horror films productions are

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saw further developments, with material based on contemporary works instead of classical literature. The release of films like

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Werbeck, Kai-Uwe (2016). "The State vs. Buttgereit and Ittenbach: Censorship and Subversion in German No-Budget Horror Film".

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Chan, Felicia (2018). "Performing (Comic) Abjection in the Hong Kong Ghost Story". In Bettinson, Gary; Martin, Daniel (eds.).

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to be primarily interested in horror, from the character's rat-like features and thin body, the film was, even more so than

13977: 13972: 13967: 13698: 11771: 11560: 10828: 4457: 3469:(1984) purchases a car that is haunted by its previous owner. Other films imitate American slasher and splatter films with 3082: 2833: 1462:

would expand on these themes with films that would delve into gorier pictures, as well as films that were near or straight

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Chung, Hye Seung (2013). "Acacia and Adoption Anxiety in Korean Horror Cinema". In Peirse, Alison; Daniel, Martin (eds.).

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Some commentary has suggested that horror films have been underrepresented or underappreciated as serious works worthy of

2937:(1978). The film is linked with the environmental movements that became more mainstream in the 1970s and early 1980s such 1023: 15072: 9060: 5125: 3525: 806: 424: 8506:"Return of the Kyai: representations of horror, commerce, and censorship in post-Suharto Indonesian film and television" 4096:

by a state of well-being which began to exist and expand in Italy only since a few years" Initially, this was a rise in

3933:(1979) most of these films low-budget that focused on erotic themes over horrific turns in narrative. In the mid-1970s, 3871:

from children's fairy tales and folk legends. These included characters like the mad Dr. Caligari, Jack the Ripper from

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never truly developed a horror film movement to the volume that the United Kingdom or Italy had produced. In their book

1407:, have been retrospectively described as horror films as the genre did not become a codified genre until the release of 1278:

which feature psychotic murderers without the make-up of a monster. The second 'Armageddon' group delves on the fear of

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films in the 1980s led to many of them being banned but released on videotape; the phenomenon became popularly termed "

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Wynter, Kevin (2016). "An Introduction to the Continental Horror Film". In Siddique, Sophia; Raphael, Raphael (eds.).

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can help audiences understand international prior historical events occurs, for example, to depict the horrors of the

14763: 14026: 13952: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10208: 10039: 9907: 9888: 9799: 9269: 9250: 9151: 9104: 9020: 8809: 8790: 8762: 8724: 8625: 8355: 8011: 7507:"Entre monstruos, leyendas ancestrales y luchadores populares: La inserción del Santo en el cine fantástico mexicano" 7477: 6065: 5966: 5151: 4589: 4173: 2548: 2024: 1959: 1894: 1829: 1764: 1699: 1634: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1475: 1459: 1437: 1426: 1422: 1396: 92: 10091:

Teach Us? Adaptation as Reincarnation in Hong Kong Horror of the 1950s". In Bettinson, Gary; Martin, Daniel (eds.).

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Hasson, Uri; Landesman, Ohad; Knappmeyer, Barbara; Vallines, Ignacio; Rubin, Nava; Heeger, David J. (1 June 2008).

1002: 778: 234: 9137: 5553: 13786: 13769: 13673: 12475: 11555: 10912: 7514: 6356:"Towards a Southeast Asian Model of Horror: Thai Horror Cinema in Malaysia, Urbanization, and Cultural Proximity" 4716: 4261: 4207:. As Fulci's health deteriorated towards the end of the decade, many directors turned to making horror films for 3316:

horror has arguably received the most international attention, horror also makes up a considerable proportion of

3163: 3122: 2539: 1577: 1070:, where an abrupt change in image accompanied with a loud sound intends to surprise the viewer. This can also be 338: 318: 249: 8677:

Bitel, Anton (November 2020). "Beyond North America: Three International Horror Hotspots from the Last Decade".

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In another study done by John Greene & Glenn Sparks, it was found that the audience tends to experience the

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as difficult to read as a linear historical path, with the genre changing throughout the decades, based on the

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Charles Derry proposed the three key components of horror are that of personality, Armageddon and the demonic.

662:, and, of course, horror from their viewers." In the chapter "The American Nightmare: Horror in the 70s" from 14790: 14674: 14014: 13932: 13897: 13094: 12821: 12438: 11746: 11290: 11113: 5529:"What 'Memory: The Origins of Alien' Reveals About the Sexual Metaphors in the 1979 Film [Interview]" 4375: 4060: 4017: 3520: 1009: 565: 308: 3161:, teen horror films became increasingly reflexive and self-aware until the end of the 1990s with films like 2574:

is a subgenre of horror fiction that blends sensual and sexual imagery with horrific themes for the sake of

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defines the horror film as representing "disturbing and dark subject matter, seeking to elicit responses of

14466: 14081: 13838: 13688: 13596: 13477: 12709: 12684: 11535: 11515: 10922: 10823: 10471: 8981:(2016). "Expressionist Cinema - Style and Design in Film History". In Brill, Olaf; Rhodes, Gary D. (eds.). 7470: 7466:

Mexploitation Cinema: A Critical History of Mexican Vampire, Wrestler, Ape-Man and similar films, 1957-1977

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Lizardi, Ryan (31 August 2010). "'Re-Imagining' Hegemony and Misogyny in the Contemporary Slasher Remake".

4563: 4341: 3137: 2846: 2666: 2420: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1287: 17: 4396:(1999), which became a popular film both in Spain and abroad, paved the way for new Spanish horror films. 1084:

to fear them, and subverting audience expectations of a jump scare in a mirror can further build tension.

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Sélavy, Virginie (November 2020). "The Psychedelic Renaissance: The Enduring Influence of 1970s Horror".

8912:

Dhusiya, Mithuraaj (February 2014). "Let the Ghost Speak: A Study of Contemporary Indian Horror Cinema".

4489: 4267: 4218: 3853: 3117: 3034: 2517: 2154: 2082: 1400: 431: 286: 8478: 4667:, which is the characteristic of dissonance that horror films rely on to frighten and unsettle viewers. 2531:, noted that the sub-genre sits within a trend of holiday-themed slasher films, alongside films such as 991: 14166: 14053: 14048: 13683: 13678: 13634: 13249: 12856: 12699: 11344: 10905: 10890: 10697: 9485: 8659: 4729: 4610: 3754:(2002), other directors began making more what West described as "outright horror films" such as Aja's 3404: 3149: 2808: 2660: 2533: 2511: 2191: 2092: 1433:

themes, and towards the end of the decade horror was a more common genre of international productions.

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to create tension, where an audience may feel more unease and discomfort by anticipating a jump scare.

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The gothic style is applied to several films throughout the history of the horror film. This includes

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McRobert, Neil (November 2015). "Mimesis of Media: Found Footage Cinema and the Horror of the Real".

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wrote that what was retained in popular film memory of these films were the characters who resembled

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Bettinson, Gary; Martin, Daniel (2018). "Introduction". In Bettinson, Gary; Martin, Daniel (eds.).

6309:"'My Mother, the Ap': Cambodian Horror Cinema and the Gothic Transformation of a Folkloric Monster" 4811: 4664: 4552: 4337:

It was not until the late 1990s and the 2000s that Spanish horror reached another production peak.

4011: 3740: 3471: 3317: 3173:(1998). The genre lost prominence as teen films dealt with threats with more realism in films like 3131: 3090: 3071: 2746: 2320: 1454: 1448: 941:

explicit horror, contributing to the emergence of sub-genres like splatter films and torture porn.

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Jancovich, Mark (2000). "'A Real Shocker': Authenticity, Genre and the Struggle for Distinction".

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and vaginal imagery, intended to symbolize patriarchal guilt as well as sex, rape, and pregnancy.

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where vampirism becomes a lifestyle choice rather than plague or curse. Following the release of

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García Ruiz, Pedro Enrique (2019). "El cine de terror mexicano: más que romanticismo y gótico".

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and horror films which were less expensive to produce than the previous sword-and-sandal films.

15149: 15139: 14920: 14471: 14043: 14031: 13912: 13880: 13875: 13813: 13781: 13744: 13023: 12971: 12836: 12557: 12349: 12158: 12030: 11863: 11766: 11751: 11545: 11433: 10863: 10654: 10620: 9760: 9738: 9674: 8938: 8875: 8833: 8694: 8142: 4733: 4725: 4484: 4450: 4366: 4064: 3509: 3209: 3143: 2942: 2713: 2689: 2688:(2019). Local folklore and beliefs have been noted as being prevalent in horror films from the 2607: 2600: 2196: 1430: 1081: 790: 734: 370: 254: 152: 9389: 6161: 4241:(1962), first internationally successful horror and exploitation film production from Spain. 2837:(1992), a small wave of high-budgeted gothic horror romance films were released in the 1990s. 2741: 2445:

Horror is a malleable genre and often can be altered to accommodate other genre types such as

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series, while others disassociate themselves from characters and series and focusing on genre

15362: 13927: 13902: 13853: 13793: 13776: 13715: 13710: 13629: 13207: 12766: 12408: 12298: 11955: 10984: 10674: 10664: 9995: 9204: 7556: 5854: 4507: 4434: 4080: 3929: 3513:(2014). Timpson noted the latter horror entries from New Zealand are all humorous films like 3459: 3434: 3361: 3157:, there were no popular teen horror films in the early 1990s. After the financial success of 3052: 2861: 2677: 2527: 2476: 2400: 2166: 1567: 1421:

and several other American film studios to develop and popularise horror films well into the

1085: 127: 13244: 7741:"Voice acoustic profile of males exposed to occupational infrasound and low-frequency noise" 4355: 4345: 15357: 14895: 14628: 14389: 14241: 14124: 13999: 13917: 13858: 13732: 13661: 13560: 13457: 13353: 13016: 12719: 12584: 12396: 12330: 11741: 11678: 11673: 11550: 11364: 11317: 11199: 11150: 11049: 11004: 10900: 10590: 10389: 8715:

Benshoff, Harry M. (2014). "Horror Before "The Horror Film"". In Benshoff, Harry M. (ed.).

7799: 6019:"Redemptive Fear: A Review of Sacred Terror and Further Analyses of Religious Horror Films" 5469:"'A living mirror to white brutality': Tony Todd on Candyman's violent (and erotic) horror" 4879: 4645: 4480: 4350: 4237: 4163: 4104: 3707: 3632: 3367: 3255: 3094: 2984: 2828: 2773: 2769: 2446: 2235: 2139: 867: 766: 303: 5270:

Carta, Silvio (October 2011). "Orientalism in the Documentary Representation of Culture".

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was the first, and last film to be made in Germany that is still banned there as of 2016.

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of the 1930s, the revival of gothic horror in the 1950s and 1960s with films from Hammer,

894:, while others fans would deem Argento's films as too mainstream, having preferences more 8: 15154: 14476: 14342: 14108: 13833: 13823: 13754: 13644: 13063: 12936: 12921: 12786: 12689: 12624: 12320: 12281: 12153: 12138: 11965: 11724: 11530: 11505: 11470: 11423: 10818: 10573: 10476: 10466: 9373:

La Marca, Paolo (2024). "Horror Manga: Themes and Stylistics of Japanese Horror Comics".

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who added that "repulsion must be pleasurable, as evidenced by the genre's popularity."

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The Shifting Definitions of Genre: Essays on Labeling Films, Television Shows and Media

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was developed ushering a slew of productions, leading to what Peter Shelley, author of

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The Shifting Definitions of Genre: Essays on Labeling Films, Television Shows and Media

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explained that the idea and terminology of horror film did not exist yet as a codified

403: 199: 174: 169: 157: 15108: 8382: 8061:"'Jaws' to 'Get Out': The Only 6 Horror Films Ever Nominated for Oscar's Best Picture" 7833: 7624:"¿Qué dice de México que sea el primer país del mundo que más cine de terror consume?" 6018: 5442: 4711:

and major films awards. As of 2021, only six horror films have been nominated for the

4387: 3965: 3822: 15284: 15098: 15006: 14900: 14844: 14758: 14727: 14669: 14560: 14426: 14384: 14161: 13581: 13566: 13517: 13306: 13229: 13079: 13033: 13006: 13001: 12991: 12906: 12866: 12644: 12532: 12522: 12448: 12376: 12256: 12101: 12096: 12025: 11980: 11943: 11880: 11868: 11786: 11734: 11668: 11663: 11639: 11607: 11339: 11334: 11083: 10945: 10858: 10627: 10495: 10337: 10312: 10273: 10242: 10223: 10204: 10172: 10153: 10115: 10096: 10073: 10054: 10035: 10000: 9974: 9944: 9925: 9903: 9884: 9865: 9837: 9818: 9795: 9719: 9700: 9660: 9625: 9606: 9587: 9519: 9489: 9466: 9435: 9413: 9365: 9330: 9308: 9296: 9265: 9246: 9227: 9208: 9182: 9147: 9119: 9100: 9081: 9035: 9016: 9010: 8986: 8965: 8942: 8921: 8898: 8879: 8856: 8837: 8805: 8786: 8758: 8739: 8720: 8663: 8640: 8621: 8602: 8537: 8525: 8425: 8388: 8329: 8294: 8290: 8209: 8170: 8162: 8143:"Effects of long-term exposure to violent and sexually degrading depictions of women" 7953: 7949: 7904: 7815: 7725: 7713: 7664: 7602: 7548: 7536: 7473: 7449: 7435: 7421: 7337: 6371: 6340: 6328: 6287: 6071: 6061: 6038: 5591: 5476: 5291: 5229: 5157: 4883: 4807: 4401: 4295:(1969) and others that had art house directors attempt commercial production such as 4250: 4193: 4136: 3989: 3859: 3750: 3703: 3596: 3497: 3421: 3416: 3102: 3058: 2697: 2613: 2553: 2225: 2104: 1519: 1479: 1463: 1232: 1134: 1113: 976: 818: 772: 754: 651: 638: 587: 506: 348: 194: 85: 12741: 7916: 7811: 7776: 3999:

genre of crime films. The second were films made for international markets such as

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A film movement that appeared in Germany in the first half of the 1920s labeled the

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Perverse Titillation: The Exploitation Cinema of Italy, Spain and France, 1960–1980

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Ghouls, Gimmicks, and Gold: Horror Films and the American Movie Business, 1953–1968

9170: 8978: 8679: 8517: 8417: 8321: 8270: 8201: 8154: 7945: 7896: 7807: 7762: 7752: 7703: 7676: 7656: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7427: 7329: 6363: 6320: 6030: 5706: 5279: 5217: 4875: 4681: 4659: 4655: 4383: 4098: 3907:(1922). Newman wrote that this adaptation "stands as the only screen adaptation of 3864: 3835: 3675: 3660: 3583: 3487: 3443: 3321: 3229: 3003: 2953:, sharks became the most popular animal of the genre, ranging from similar such as 2927: 2856: 2751: 2684: 2500: 2495: 2465: 2360: 1488: 1292: 1268: 914: 895: 748: 189: 7790:

Baliatsas, Christos; van Kamp, Irene; van Poll, Ric; Yzermans, Joris (July 2016).

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Another technique used in horror films to provoke a response from the audience is

4476: 4319:, stars and cycles. For decades, it was described by Beck and Rodríguez-Ortega in 2654:

and cultural beliefs to instil fear in audiences. Folk horror films have featured

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Conrich, Ian (2005). "Kiwi Gothic: New Zealand's Cinema of a Perilous Paradise".

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was not the first film critic to take the horror film seriously, but his article

4109: 3873: 3789: 3642: 3449: 3438: 3382: 3305: 3181: 2897: 2305: 2109: 1504: 1495: 1483: 1385: 1381: 1296:(1963). The last group of the "Fear of the Demonic" features graphic accounts of 1213: 760: 688: 607: 549: 244: 222: 179: 13121: 6367: 4232: 3833:

closely resembled the horror film. The term is borrowed from art groups such as

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s release. "Horror" was a term used to describe a variety of meanings. In 1913,

695:, although critics used the term "horror" to describe films in reviews prior to 675: 15291: 15268: 15212: 15195: 15169: 15103: 14951: 14910: 14880: 14832: 14555: 14379: 14295: 14151: 14097: 14019: 13828: 13720: 13649: 13472: 13442: 13422: 13284: 13269: 13214: 13172: 13011: 12966: 12956: 12931: 12886: 12876: 12654: 12634: 12604: 12589: 12547: 12512: 12470: 12458: 12453: 12246: 12217: 12106: 12091: 12035: 11890: 11848: 11359: 11175: 11066: 10950: 10878: 9917: 9652: 9143: 9095:

Halle, Randall (2003). "Unification Horror: Queer Desire and Uncanny Visions".

8158: 7858: 4708: 4462: 4296: 4208: 4124: 4034: 3983: 3969: 3664: 3620: 3387: 3276:, Andy Richards writes that there is a "widespread and engrained acceptance of 3261: 3116:

is a horror subgenre that victimizes teenagers while usually promoting strong,

2921: 2865:(1963) that was expanded into a trend into the 1970s. Following the success of 2800: 2785: 2672: 2575: 2350: 2285: 1123: 1067: 1056: 871: 857: 796: 545: 541: 375: 331: 132: 13328: 13126: 12418: 10269: 9639:

Nair, Kartik (2012). "Taste, Taboo, Trash: The Story of the Ramsay Brothers".

8521: 8325: 7708: 7691: 7333: 6355: 5221: 5126:"15 Ways You Didn't Even Realize Horror Movies Are Manipulating You into Fear" 4184:

Other smaller trends permutated in Italy in the 1970s such as films involving

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Horror noire : blacks in American horror films from the 1890s to present

8213: 8166: 7757: 7740: 7717: 7668: 7660: 7540: 7401: 7362: 7210: 6332: 6324: 6075: 6042: 5595: 5554:"What's the Meaning Behind the Sexual Imagery in "Alien"? | Watch | The Take" 5480: 4204: 4185: 4168: 4116: 3946: 3924: 3886: 3801: 3745: 3696: 3648: 3608: 3600: 3531: 3491:(1992) which has the largest following of the mentioned films. Film producer 3476: 3393: 3313: 2938: 2790: 2578:. Erotic horror has had influences on French and American horror cinema. The 2571: 2566: 2387: 2315: 2290: 2275: 2270: 2255: 2218: 2114: 1333: 1248: 891: 875: 626: 611: 595: 583: 510: 204: 137: 97: 12756: 9834:

Euro Horror: Classic European Horror Cinmea in Contemporary American Culture

5967:"From 'The Exorcist' to 'Saint Maud': 8 of The Best Religious Horror Movies" 4333: 3723: 2658:

and themes of isolation, religion and nature. Frequently cited examples are

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What’s the Meaning Behind the Sexual Imagery in “Alien”? | Watch | The Take

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from the 1990s onward investing in the production of films by the likes of

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whose psychology makes them perform unspeakable horrific acts ranging from

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Newman, Kim (November 2020b). "Wide Angle: Exploring the Bigger Picture".

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Jurgess, Todd (2022). "Videotape, Guinea Pig, and the Horror of Privacy".

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being the sole winner. However, horror films have still won major awards.

4658:(EMG) responses vary in response to emotional stimuli, showing higher for 4512: 15263: 15242: 15222: 15205: 15113: 15057: 14991: 14822: 14732: 14691: 14598: 14513: 14285: 14280: 14221: 14194: 13994: 13570: 13532: 13512: 13507: 13492: 13482: 13462: 13392: 13370: 13296: 13202: 13143: 13138: 12996: 12801: 12781: 12746: 12495: 12391: 12148: 12133: 12074: 12040: 11818: 11791: 11756: 11627: 11617: 11490: 11418: 11369: 11285: 11266: 11239: 11135: 11093: 11044: 10960: 10917: 10659: 10535: 10530: 10456: 10436: 10112:

Monsters and Mad Scientists : A Cultural History of the Horror Movie

9357: 8956: 8274: 4799: 4780: 4246: 4189: 4055: 3993:(2005), who Odell and Le Blanc described as being a similar to the 1960s 3956: 3951: 3894: 3890: 3878: 3766: 3761: 3687: 3592: 3492: 3309: 3169: 3113: 2909: 2736: 2693: 2643: 2638: 2622: 2583: 2458: 2365: 2330: 2280: 2265: 2119: 1325: 1236: 1231:, author Charles Derry conceived horror films as focusing on three broad 1097: 910: 615: 579: 561: 553: 522: 45: 41: 8282: 7531: 5920: 5869: 4794:

has frequently been applied to horror films. A moral panic over several

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to helm what Curti described as "some of their very best works." Bava's

2907:(1976) and what Muir described as the "turning point" in the genre with 15273: 15190: 15021: 15011: 14956: 14827: 14696: 14577: 14498: 14461: 14419: 14184: 13848: 13803: 13737: 13617: 13522: 13502: 13452: 13432: 13417: 13407: 13323: 13274: 13084: 12891: 12831: 12649: 12542: 12485: 12413: 12371: 12202: 12020: 12005: 11975: 11933: 11902: 11592: 11455: 11219: 11160: 11140: 11030: 10955: 10885: 10868: 10426: 9507: 9055: 8935:

A Scary Little Christmas: A History of Yuletide Horror Films, 1972–2020

8453:"Film censorship: How moral panic led to a mass ban of 'video nasties'" 8221: 8086:"The only 6 horror films ever nominated for Best Picture at the Oscars" 4637: 4516: 4471: 4422: 4306: 4242: 4120: 3735: 3615: 3588: 2990: 2946: 2879: 2655: 2355: 2260: 2230: 2201: 1458:

led to an increase of violence and erotic scenes within the genre. The

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Transnational Horror Cinema. Bodies of Excess and the Global Grotesque

9562:"Box Office: Stephen King's 'It' Scared Up A Monstrous $ 123M Weekend" 9292: 7628: 6360:

Transnational Horror Cinema: Bodies of Excess and the Global Grotesque

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entered horror, while some of the biggest hits of the decade included

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Horror International (Contemporary Approaches to Film and Television)

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German horror films remained marginal after the silent film era. The

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have been noted as being inspired by national, cultural or religious

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The 1990s Teen Horror Cycle: Final Girls and a New Hollywood Formula

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Ainslie, Mary J. (2016), Siddique, Sophia; Raphael, Raphael (eds.),

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In a study done by Uri Hasson et al., brain waves were observed via

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After the 1931 release of a US-produced Spanish-language version of

954: 15298: 15232: 14870: 14533: 14263: 14246: 13219: 12881: 12776: 12562: 12552: 12500: 12190: 11649: 11401: 11078: 5650:"'New kinds of monsters': The rise of Southeast Asian horror films" 4371: 4291: 4222:(2006) was entirely self-funded by its director Gabriele Albanesi. 4006: 3868: 3293: 3265: 2651: 2647: 1316: 1305: 1154: 1089: 937: 922: 918: 900:

Monsters and Mad Scientists: A Cultural History of the Horror Movie

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Newman, Kim (November 2020). "Planet Terror: The Year in Horror".

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Spanish filmmakers appeared with unique styles and themes such as

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Gregersdotter, Katarina; Hoglund, Johan; Hallen, Nicklas (2015).

8356:"From Blacula to Get Out: the documentary examining black horror" 7789: 7642: 5993:"Two New Religious Horror Films Showdown Over Demonic Possession" 3281: 2718: 2626: 2382: 1514: 1389: 1093: 722: 655: 578:(1931). Many sub-genres emerged in subsequent decades, including 532:. Early inspirations from before the development of film include 505:

Horror films often explore dark subject matter and may deal with

499: 120: 10014:"Have you ever wondered what the Ramsays are doing? We find out" 7374: 5584:"Devils and debauchery: why we love to be scared by folk horror" 3280:

forces" in many Asian cultures, and suggests this is related to

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suggested that "Genre is what we collectively believe it to be"

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declared it as a film that set the template for the horror film.

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films focused more on adventure and farce opposed to Germany's

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American Horror Film: The Genre at the Turn of the Millennium

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American Horror Film: The Genre at the Turn of the Millennium

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Sutton, Travis (9 September 2014), Benshoff, Harry M. (ed.),

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first horror title may have been, with thoughts ranging from

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is a film genre that emerged in the 1970s with films such as

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Hand, Richard J.; McRoy, Richard J. (2020). "Introduction".

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as an standout Mexican horror filmmaker, with films such as

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would appears in other films of Franco's during the period.

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outside traditional forms of worship, as seen in films like

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by not allowing the viewer to see beyond what is around the

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are often used to create a sense of tension in horror films.

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Rockoff, Adam (November–December 2003). "Yuletide Terror".

8479:"Looking Back at Britain's Moral Panic Over Slasher Flicks" 7289: 7277: 7234: 7195: 6804: 6741: 6719: 6717: 5332: 5330: 5298: 4841: 3686:, Colin Odell & Michelle Le Blanc referred to director 2859:

defined a new genre nature taking revenge on humanity with

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are also commonly used; these can build tension and induce

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The Toho Studios Story: A History and Complete Filmography

7964: 6865: 6863: 6850: 6848: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6692: 6690: 5929: 5875: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5031: 5019: 5007: 4997: 4995: 3381:), which was part of the Australian phenomenon called the 30:"Horror Movie" redirects here. For the Skyhooks song, see 10135: 7886: 6597: 6510: 6508: 5734: 5732: 5251: 4704:

sensationalistic to warrant serious critical attention".

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Various writings on genre from Altman, Lawrence Alloway (

7038: 7036: 6782: 6780: 6729: 6714: 6702: 6451: 6449: 6424: 6422: 6420: 5768: 5443:"Kinoeye | French horror: Jean Rollin - an introduction" 5422: 5420: 5342: 5327: 3964:. Werbeck described the most prominent of these were of 2547:

and more recently in works such as E. T. A. Hoffmann's "

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Peirse, Alison; Martin, Daniel (2013). "Introduction".

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Spooky Encounters: A Gwailo's Guide to Hong Kong Horror

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other countries, primarily Spain and Italy. Outside of

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described a new cycle of "horror" productions included

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being promoted as mystery film was common, despite the

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Laughing Screaming: Modern Hollywood Horror and Comedy

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Cutting Edge: Art-horror and the Horrrific Avant-garde

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Fofi, Goffredo (September 1963). "Terreur in Italie".

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Riccardo Freda: The Life and Works of a Born Filmmaker

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if the environment reminds them of particular scenes.

3353:(1919) while stories featuring ghosts would appear in 2617:

features heavy erotic imagery, with the design of the

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for example, critiqued the circulation of films like

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Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons

2784:(1910) as well as to more complex iterations such as 2768:

and not bound to certain cinematic elements like the

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An example of a British erotic horror film series is

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Weaver, Tom; Brunas, Michael; Brunas, John (2007) .

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Newman, Kim (January 2020c). "This Year in Horror".

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Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition

7060: 7048: 7009: 6997: 6934: 6917: 6890: 6549: 6488: 6390: 6244: 6232: 5621:"Beyond Midsommar: 'folk horror' in popular fiction" 5380: 5378: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5189: 5170: 5055: 4944: 4929: 3845:. These films feature sensationalist titles such as 3453:(1984) a single production. Early features such as 2994:

splatter and a trip through a cinematic dark ride."

2515:(1972), which were soon followed by the influential 1368:(1896), sometimes described as the first horror film 10351:(University Press of Mississippi; 2010), 253 pages. 10131:"Oh Holy Fright: Christmas Horror Movies That Slay" 10025:. Vol. 30, no. 9. British Film Institute. 9750:. Vol. 30, no. 1. British Film Institute. 8683:. Vol. 30, no. 9. British Film Institute. 7991: 7979: 7135: 7120: 7108: 6961: 6905: 6675: 6532: 6461: 6362:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 179–203, 6256: 6217: 6142: 5804: 4980: 4968: 4917: 4902: 4271:(1972)) and films that grew from trends created by 4145:, which means "yellow" in Italian, is derived from 4108:(1958). Italy started moving beyond peplums making 752:among films described as "terror films" along with 672:

The Philosophy of Horror, or Parodoxes of the Heart

10289:"The 10 Best Australian Films of The 21st Century" 10147: 9941:No Traveler Returns: The Lost Years of Bela Lugosi 9938: 9281:Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 9078:Animal Horror Cinema: Genre, History and Criticism 8314:"Avenging the Body: Disability in the Horror Film" 6663: 6651: 6624: 6573: 6561: 6106: 6082: 5947: 5908: 5896: 5881: 5792: 5780: 5437: 5435: 5402: 5390: 4636:In a study by Medes et al., prolonged exposure to 1498:popularised horror trends, whilst trends included 742:horror film was viewed in different terms. Critic 9097:Light Motives: German Popular Film in Perspective 8772:Collins, Charlie (1 December 1930). "The Stage". 7923: 7561:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 6205: 5851:"Natural Horror Top rated Most Viewed – AllMovie" 5375: 5354: 4866:Kuhn, Annette; Westwell, Guy (20 December 2012), 4624:A 2021 study suggested horror films that explore 4340:After the success of private television operator 4043:, the first Italian horror film of the sound era. 1512:" technique, and independent productions such as 625:, influenced society and spawned several popular 15349: 9051:"What Exactly is a "Psychological" Horror Film?" 8634: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6055: 4068:anything related to sexuality or morality." The 3714:in 2004, who declared and derided that films of 852:what constitutes the horror genre" between both 9881:Caligari's Children: The Film as Tale of Terror 9221: 8653: 8387:. Internet Archive. New York : Routledge. 8190:"Her Body, Himself: Gender in the Slasher Film" 5723: 5432: 4519:(shared with other Hispanic-American nations). 4181:genre started a major trend in Italian cinema. 4155:deemed early films in the genre such as Bava's 4005:(2001) and the video game adaptations directed 3690:as one of the countries most consistent horror 9502: 8752: 8635:Baumgartner, Holly Lynn; Davis, Roger (2008). 7882: 7880: 7878: 7102: 6199: 6136: 6100: 5941: 5837: 5825: 5577: 5575: 5236: 4850: 4826:) offered more freedom to the movie industry. 4802:". Constraints on permitted subject matter in 1466:hybrids. Genre cycles in this era include the 14791: 14082: 13597: 11012: 10397: 9808: 9407: 8380: 7307: 7295: 7283: 7271: 7259: 7247: 7204: 6884: 6645: 6618: 6591: 6440: 6268: 5304: 3479:who combined splatter films with comedy with 3228:. Please discuss this issue on the article's 2883:(1972). Other films followed in suit such as 2449:, making some films difficult to categorize. 2440: 2421: 468: 9939:Rhodes, Gary D.; Kaffenberger, Bill (2016). 9859: 9029: 8799: 8596: 8147:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 7973: 7395: 7380: 7319: 6058:Style and form in the Hollywood slasher film 5643: 5641: 5257: 4865: 3799: 3646: 981:introducing citations to additional sources 717:genre was in vogue and early information on 502:in its audience for entertainment purposes. 9789: 9456:(booklet). Arrow Films. p. 15. FCD778. 8690:"This Was the Decade Horror Got "Elevated"" 7875: 7645:"Neurocinematics: The Neuroscience of Film" 7587: 7575: 7423:European Cinema in the Twenty-First Century 6023:The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 5572: 5242: 5153:Music in the Horror Film: Listening to Fear 4861: 4859: 4779:Many horror films have been the subject of 4570:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3556:It has been suggested that this section be 3447:(1981), a co-production with Australia and 3141:(1957). This led to later productions like 1267:killings. Other key works of this form are 843:(1995)) implied it easier to view films as 14798: 14784: 14089: 14075: 13604: 13590: 11019: 11005: 10404: 10390: 8412:. In Steve Chibnall, Julian Petley (ed.). 6306: 5582:Hurley, Andrew Michael (28 October 2019). 4515:setting, the colonial past or the myth of 4115:Italy's initial wave of horror films were 3385:. The greater success of genre films like 2428: 2414: 475: 461: 10356:A Historical Approach to the Slasher Film 9809:Odell, Colin; Le Blanc, Michelle (2007). 9559: 9346:JCMS: Journal of Cinema and Media Studies 9315: 9278: 9259: 9240: 9198: 9113: 9012:Jacques Tourneur: The Cinema of Nightfall 8977: 7766: 7756: 7707: 7690:Millar, Becky; Lee, Jonny (1 July 2021). 7689: 7530: 7408:Rodríguez Ortega & Romero Santos 2020 7369:Rodríguez Ortega & Romero Santos 2020 7357:Rodríguez Ortega & Romero Santos 2020 7217:Rodríguez Ortega & Romero Santos 2020 6747: 6735: 6723: 6606: 5774: 5762: 5750: 5738: 5638: 5614: 5612: 5348: 5336: 5321: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5049: 5037: 5025: 5013: 5001: 4590:Learn how and when to remove this message 4253:with his zombie like medieval knights in 1247:. The horror of personality derives from 10713: 9960:""Horror Film": How the Term Came to Be" 9670:"The Strange Appeal of Christmas Horror" 9532: 9372: 9262:American Horror From 1951 to the Present 9008: 8753:Chibnall, Steve; Petley, Julian (2002). 8714: 8012:"Is horror the most disrespected genre?" 6708: 6499: 6279: 5930:Gregersdotter, Hoglund & Hallen 2015 5876:Gregersdotter, Hoglund & Hallen 2015 5696: 4856: 4531: 4282:The Living Dead at the Manchester Morgue 4028: 3817: 3636: 3582:Ian Olney described the horror films of 3538: 3188: 3075: 2740: 1357: 1117: 1043: 971:Relevant discussion may be found on the 36: 10306: 10286: 10185: 10152:(2 ed.). McFarland & Company. 10048: 9992: 9957: 9754: 9745: 9432:Mario Bava - All the Colors of the Dark 9343: 9189: 8911: 8780: 8771: 8687: 8615: 8410:"The British censors and horror cinema" 8407: 8254: 8228: 8112:"15 Horror Films That Won Major Awards" 7599:Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 6869: 6854: 6839: 6822: 6810: 6798: 6759: 6696: 6526: 6514: 6482: 6470: 6455: 6428: 6411: 6399: 6353: 5426: 5207: 5201: 5097: 5085: 5073: 4986: 4962: 4950: 4938: 4911: 4526: 2978: 2703: 1137:is a key component of horror films. In 944: 14: 15350: 10287:Withers, Ned Athol (18 January 2016). 10255: 10236: 10166: 10143:from the original on 15 November 2023. 10067: 10020: 9916: 9897: 9878: 9767: 9732: 9713: 9694: 9560:Mendelson, Scott (11 September 2017). 9479: 9448: 9387: 9327:Torture Porn: Popular Horror After Saw 9160: 9048: 8895:Italian Gothic Horror Films, 1980-1989 8853:Italian Gothic Horror Films, 1970–1979 8830:Italian Gothic Horror Films, 1957–1969 8800:Craig, Pamela; Fradley, Matin (2010). 8503: 8311: 8260: 8187: 8058: 7997: 7621: 7504: 7228: 7189: 7177: 7165: 6979: 6955: 6681: 6555: 5953: 5609: 5581: 5210:Journal of Popular Film and Television 5195: 5183: 5149: 5103: 4974: 4923: 3065: 2712:film "technique" gives the audience a 1251:being at the centre of the plot, such 14779: 14723:Internet Speculative Fiction Database 14070: 13585: 11000: 10385: 10309:The Horror Film: A Brief Introduction 10128: 10109: 10086: 10032:Teen Movies: American Youth on Screen 10029: 10011: 9831: 9667: 9512:The Definitive Guide to Horror Movies 9426: 9324: 9132: 9094: 8955: 8932: 8892: 8850: 8827: 8818: 8676: 8569:"The End of American Film Censorship" 8320:(1 ed.), Wiley, pp. 73–89, 8032: 7492: 7462: 7153: 7141: 7129: 7114: 7090: 7078: 7066: 7054: 7042: 7027: 7015: 7003: 6991: 6943: 6928: 6899: 6786: 6771: 6579: 6567: 6543: 6250: 6238: 6226: 6148: 5813: 5647: 5526: 5466: 5411: 5396: 5384: 5369: 5269: 5263: 5061: 4604:functional magnetic resonance imaging 4479:-starred vampire films) was producer 4374:, other television companies such as 4321:Contemporary Spanish Cinema and Genre 3950:(1981) and the political change when 3915:, "a template for the horror film." 3560:out into another article titled 3249: 2468:, specifically with early films like 1417:was a box office success, leading to 837:Violent America: The Movies 1946-1964 414:Internet Speculative Fiction Database 10336:. (Rutgers University Press; 2010), 10217: 10198: 10188:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 9943:(Kindle ed.). BearManor Media. 9850: 9682:from the original on 3 December 2023 9638: 9619: 9600: 9581: 9533:Matthews, Philip (30 October 2017). 9460: 9388:LaCava, Stephanie (7 October 2021). 8999: 8733: 8618:Introduction to Japanese Horror Film 8597:Aston, James; Walliss, John (2013). 8566: 7985: 6967: 6669: 6657: 6633: 6262: 6211: 6124: 6112: 6088: 6016: 5914: 5902: 5890: 5798: 5786: 4880:10.1093/acref/9780199587261.001.0001 4743: 4675: 4568:adding citations to reliable sources 4535: 3542: 3192: 3105:and religion into the horror genre. 2851:Also described as "eco-horror", the 1153:are typical characteristics used by 948: 794:(1945) while two years earlier, the 15073:Singapore Dark Alternative Movement 14805: 10087:Tsang, Raymond (2018). "What Can a 9668:Newby, Richard (21 December 2018). 9222:Heller-Nicholas, Alexandra (2014). 9116:Gothic Film: An Edinburgh Companion 8969:. Chicago, Illinois. Archived from 8804:. University Press of Mississippi. 8688:Bradley, Laura (17 December 2019). 8504:Heeren, Katinka van (1 June 2007). 8188:Clover, Carol J. (1 October 1987). 7622:Gallón, Angélica (26 August 2022). 6060:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 6049: 5670: 4724:Critics have also commented on the 4631: 4249:, the actor and screenwriter., and 3032:Following the financial success of 2997: 2489: 425:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction 24: 14096: 13359:List of American independent films 10326: 10051:Australian Horror Films, 1973-2010 9879:Prawer, Siegbert Solomon (1989) . 9352:(2). Michigan Publishing: 88–109. 9015:. Baltimore, Maryland: McFarland. 8567:Hunt, Kristin (28 February 2018). 8234: 8009: 6280:Richards, Andy (21 October 2010). 5618: 4814:all horror films from its market. 1530:series which were box office hits. 1429:, horror would often be made with 847:opposed to genres, suggesting the 632: 25: 15379: 10366: 10201:Films of the New French Extremity 9768:Nguyen, Hanh (31 December 2018). 8033:Davis, Clayton (2 October 2020). 5467:Hobbs, Thomas (31 October 2021). 5150:Lerner, Neil (16 December 2009). 4428: 4174:The Bird with the Crystal Plumage 3732:Films of the New French Extremity 2840: 2549:The Nutcracker and the Mouse King 932:Rhodes also explores the role of 93:List of alternate history fiction 14757: 14746: 14745: 13565: 13556: 13555: 10979: 10978: 10129:Ulaby, Neda (12 December 2015). 10012:Salvi, Pooja (28 October 2018). 9999:. No. 36. Marrs Media Inc. 9226:. McFarland & Company, Inc. 9194:. University of Minnesota Press. 9099:. Wayne State University Press. 8785:. Wayne State University Press. 8601:. McFarland & Company, Inc. 8560: 8544: 8497: 8471: 8445: 8401: 8381:Means Coleman, Robin R. (2011). 8374: 8348: 8305: 8181: 8130: 8104: 8078: 8059:Durkan, Deirdre (1 March 2018). 8052: 8026: 8003: 7950:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01075.x 7851: 7826: 7796:Science of the Total Environment 7783: 7745:Journal of Laryngology and Voice 7732: 7683: 7636: 7615: 7581: 7498: 7456: 7413: 7313: 6307:Chronister, Kay (1 March 2020). 4747: 4734:prevalence of racial stereotypes 4732:in horror films, as well as the 4540: 4326:Cine español, cine de subgéneros 3547: 3475:(1986), and the early films of 3212:to read and navigate comfortably 3197: 2809:Universal Pictures' horror films 2730: 2560: 2395: 2394: 2381: 1550: 1474:which would expand in the early 1350:This section is an excerpt from 1201: 1183: 1169: 964:relies largely or entirely on a 953: 828:(1944). Mark Jancovich wrote in 733:. Newman discussed the genre in 729:and film's story relying on the 664:Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan 568:, horror only became a codified 444: 67: 11026: 10411: 9408:Lazaro-Reboll, Antonio (2012). 8590: 7812:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.065 6347: 6300: 6180: 6154: 6010: 5985: 5959: 5843: 5690: 5664: 5546: 5527:Topel, Fred (29 January 2019). 5520: 5494: 5460: 5143: 3667:, who star in the film, at the 3164:I Know What You Did Last Summer 3123:American International Pictures 3016: 540:of different cultures, and the 10241:. Edinburgh University Press. 10171:. Edinburgh University Press. 10095:. Edinburgh University Press. 9461:Mank, Gregory William (2010). 9454:The Two Faces of Black Sabbath 9412:. Edinburgh University Press. 9139:The Overlook Film Encyclopedia 9118:. Edinburgh University Press. 8985:. Edinburgh University Press. 8869: 8738:. Edinburgh University Press. 8719:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8717:A Companion to the Horror Film 8620:. Edinburgh University Press. 8318:A Companion to the Horror Film 7523:10.15366/secuencias2018.48.001 6911: 6056:Clayton, Wickham, ed. (2015). 4819:Motion Picture Production Code 4713:Academy Award for Best Picture 3863:(1926). German film historian 3659:. She is pictured with actors 3428: 3108: 2877:(1972) and an official sequel 2632: 2551:" (1816) and Charles Dickens' 2452: 1126:, who has directed and scored 644:The Dictionary of Film Studies 528:Horror films have existed for 507:transgressive topics or themes 13: 1: 15099:Le Phonographique (1979–2005) 9049:Gibron, Bill (31 July 2013). 9030:Galbraith IV, Stuart (2008). 8823:. Edinburgh University Press. 7525:(inactive 2 September 2024). 7471:McFarland & Company, Inc. 7320:Aldana Reyes, Xavier (2017). 6017:Hong, Seung Min (June 2010). 5853:. Allrovi.com. Archived from 4829: 4739: 4654:(SCRs), heart rate (HR), and 4467:science vs. religion conflict 4161:(1963) while Curti described 3710:was named by film programmer 1502:influenced by the success of 839:(1971)) and Peter Hutchings ( 10834:Set in academic institutions 9902:. Rutgers University Press. 9855:. Columbia University Press. 9836:. Indiana University Press. 9759:. Vol. 30, no. 9. 9737:. Vol. 30, no. 9. 7901:10.1080/1357650X.2014.959525 7432:10.1007/978-3-030-33436-9_18 5284:10.1080/08949468.2011.604592 5243:Heller-Nicholas, Alexandra. 4872:A Dictionary of Film Studies 4670: 4469:. Ushered by the release of 4262:Frankenstein's Bloody Terror 3332: 3292:religious traditions, as in 3138:I Was a Teenage Frankenstein 2945:, and organizations such as 2847:List of natural horror films 7: 15160:Convergence (goth festival) 14926:List of gothic rock artists 10354:Petridis, Sotiris (2014). " 10222:. McFarland & Company. 9620:Muir, John Kenneth (2012). 9605:. McFarland & Company. 9601:Muir, John Kenneth (2011). 9586:. McFarland & Company. 9582:Muir, John Kenneth (2007). 9390:"Julia Ducournau on Titane" 8983:Expressionism in the Cinema 8510:Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 6368:10.1057/978-1-137-58417-5_9 4874:, Oxford University Press, 4611:excitation transfer process 4490:Hasta el viento tiene miedo 4439: 4268:Dr. Jekyll y el Hombre Lobo 4219:The Last House in the Woods 4102:films after the release of 3854:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari 3702:A 21st-century movement of 3220:content into sub-articles, 1401:German expressionist cinema 909:, such as the influence of 432:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy 419:List of Japanese SF writers 10: 15384: 13250:Classical Hollywood cinema 12439:Commedia sexy all'italiana 11347:Exploitation film template 11291:Commedia sexy all'italiana 10906:Indian burial ground trope 9653:10.1177/097492761200300203 9486:Edinburgh University Press 9264:. Keele University Press. 9224:Found Footage Horror Films 8933:DuPée, Matthew C. (2022). 8660:Edinburgh University Press 8159:10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.758 7103:Marriott & Newman 2018 6200:Marriott & Newman 2018 6137:Marriott & Newman 2018 6101:Marriott & Newman 2018 5942:Marriott & Newman 2018 5838:Marriott & Newman 2018 5826:Marriott & Newman 2018 4851:Marriott & Newman 2018 4679: 4652:Skin conductance responses 4448: 4432: 4158:The Girl Who Knew Too Much 4046: 3813: 3630: 3405:Australian Film Commission 3327: 3268:, particularly beliefs in 3253: 3069: 3020: 3001: 2982: 2844: 2734: 2636: 2564: 2512:Silent Night, Bloody Night 2493: 2456: 2441:Sub-genres of horror films 1349: 1344: 1111: 841:Approaches to Popular Film 636: 29: 15329: 15256: 15183: 15127: 15086: 15050: 14972:Cassandra Peterson/Elvira 14934: 14886:Siouxsie and the Banshees 14863: 14815: 14741: 14710: 14652: 14586: 14435: 14177: 14117: 14104: 13625: 13551: 13154: 13072: 12817:German underground horror 12772:Documentary Film Movement 12680:American eccentric cinema 12665: 11911: 11037: 10974: 10933: 10846: 10794: 10673: 10551: 10419: 10270:10.1057/978-1-137-58417-5 9958:Rhodes, Gary D. (2018b). 9622:Horror Films of the 1970s 9603:Horror Films of the 1990s 9584:Horror Films of the 1980s 9199:Heffernan, Kevin (2004). 9009:Fujiwara, Chris (2000) . 8616:Balmain, Colette (2008). 8522:10.1080/13583880701238688 8326:10.1002/9781118883648.ch5 8237:"Chicks dig scary movies" 8141:; Penrod, Steven (1988). 7709:10.1177/17540739211022815 7591:Cine mexicano y filosofía 7334:10.1057/978-1-137-30601-2 6885:Odell & Le Blanc 2007 6646:Odell & Le Blanc 2007 6619:Odell & Le Blanc 2007 6441:Odell & Le Blanc 2007 5305:Odell & Le Blanc 2007 5222:10.1080/01956051003623464 4444: 4302:The Blood Spattered Bride 3962:German underground horror 3831:German expressionist film 3808:2021 Cannes Film Festival 3800: 3669:2021 Cannes Film Festival 3647: 3626: 3516:What We Do in the Shadows 3125:(AIP) and productions of 3091:Supernatural horror films 2667:The Blood on Satan's Claw 2545:Massacre of the Innocents 1390:contemporary world events 1160: 881:A Nightmare on Elm Street 618:, among other countries. 509:. Broad elements include 15175:List of gothic festivals 15165:Bats Day in the Fun Park 10332:Dixon, Wheeler Winston. 10311:. Blackwell Publishing. 10218:West, Alexandra (2018). 10199:West, Alexandra (2016). 9898:Prince, Stephen (2004). 9790:O'Brien, Daniel (2003). 9260:Jancovich, Mark (1994). 9241:Jancovich, Mark (1992). 8551:China Bans Horror Movies 7974:Peirse & Martin 2013 7758:10.4103/2230-9748.141460 7692:"Horror Films and Grief" 7661:10.3167/proj.2008.020102 7505:Flores, Silvana (2018). 6325:10.3366/gothic.2020.0040 5258:Aston & Walliss 2013 4834: 4718:The Silence of the Lambs 4665:fight-or-flight response 4273:Night of the Living Dead 4225: 4024: 3897:, made an adaptation of 3132:I Was a Teenage Werewolf 3072:Supernatural horror film 2506:Whoever Slew Auntie Roo? 1455:Night of the Living Dead 1376:was described by author 1139:Music in the Horror Film 1107: 898:. Andrew Tudor wrote in 681:Prior to the release of 536:, religious beliefs and 14472:Fire-breathing monsters 12752:Cinema of Transgression 11886:Cinema of Transgression 10239:Hong Kong Horror Cinema 10093:Hong Kong Horror Cinema 10049:Shelley, Peter (2012). 10030:Shary, Timothy (2005). 9482:Hong Kong Horror Cinema 9002:Midi-Minuit Fantastique 8939:McFarland & Company 8893:Curti, Roberto (2019). 8870:Curti, Roberto (2017). 8851:Curti, Roberto (2017). 8828:Curti, Roberto (2015). 8736:Hong Kong Horror Cinema 8656:Hong Kong Horror Cinema 5673:"Into the devil's lair" 4824:MPAA film rating system 4808:Indonesian horror films 4790:In the United Kingdom, 4787:and legal controversy. 4726:representation of women 4692:Return of the Repressed 4419:Juan Carlos Fresnadillo 4256:Tombs of the Blind Dead 3881:as well as actors like 3706:French cinema known as 3413:Australian Horror Films 3409:10BA tax shelter scheme 3374:The Cars That Ate Paris 3167:(1997) and non-slasher 3150:Frankenstein's Daughter 2956:Mako: The Jaws of Death 2943:animal rights movements 1378:Siegbert Solomon Prawer 1374:history of horror films 1352:History of horror films 1280:large-scale destruction 1122:Filmmaker and composer 866:(1979) as belonging to 807:The Woman in the Window 54:. Critic and historian 15150:Lumous Gothic Festival 14921:Fields of the Nephilim 12972:The Prague film school 12837:Hollywood on the Tiber 10307:Worland, Rick (2007). 10110:Tudor, Andrew (1991). 10068:Shipka, Danny (2011). 9922:Tod Browning's Dracula 9851:Paul, William (1994). 9761:British Film Institute 9739:British Film Institute 9699:. Palgrave Macmillan. 9675:The Hollywood Reporter 9329:. Palgrave MacMillan. 9245:. B. T. Batsford Ltd. 9190:Hawkins, Joan (2000). 9080:. Palgrave Macmillan. 8408:Kermode, Mark (2001). 8065:The Hollywood Reporter 4502:Más negro que la noche 4485:Carlos Enrique Taboada 4451:Horror films of Mexico 4065:National Fascist Party 4044: 3826: 3672: 3623:since the late 1990s. 3563:European horror cinema 3350:The Face at the Window 3144:Daughter of Dr. Jekyll 3087: 2755: 1369: 1290:, such as Hitchcock's 1253:Frankenstein's monster 1243:and the horror of the 1177:Frankenstein's monster 1157:in horror film music. 1131: 1052: 735:British Film Institute 59: 14375:Organ transplantation 12827:Grupo Cine Liberación 12767:Czechoslovak New Wave 12762:Commedia all'italiana 11109:Commedia all'italiana 10688:First film by country 10169:Italian Horror Cinema 9714:Newman, Kim (2011) . 9695:Newman, Kim (2009) . 9325:Jones, Steve (2013). 9205:Duke University Press 9175:10.1353/lit.2007.0045 8755:British horror cinema 8599:To See the Saw Movies 8422:10.4324/9780203996768 8414:British Horror Cinema 7838:TheFreeDictionary.com 7463:Green, Doyle (2005). 6035:10.3138/jrpc.22.2.006 5997:religionunplugged.com 5775:Hand & McRoy 2020 5763:Hand & McRoy 2020 5751:Hand & McRoy 2020 5739:Hand & McRoy 2020 4532:Psychological effects 4508:Veneno para las hadas 4435:British horror cinema 4433:Further information: 4081:Bride of Frankenstein 4053:Early silent Italian 4032: 3930:Nosferatu the Vampyre 3821: 3640: 3599:, early 20th century 3539:European horror films 3189:Regional horror films 3095:supernatural elements 3079: 2834:Bram Stoker's Dracula 2744: 1494:In the 21st century, 1478:. Towards the 1990s, 1361: 1284:science fiction works 1149:and experiments with 1128:numerous horror films 1121: 1047: 572:after the release of 494:that seeks to elicit 40: 14896:The Sisters of Mercy 13354:Guerrilla filmmaking 13017:Kitchen sink realism 12902:New French Extremity 12812:German Expressionist 12720:Kitchen sink realism 12585:Contemporary Western 12365:Environmental issues 11896:New French Extremity 11854:New French Extremity 11679:Softcore pornography 11674:Hardcore pornography 11541:New French Extremity 10347:Steffen Hantke, ed. 9862:Korean Horror Cinema 9358:10.1353/cj.2022.0017 8821:Korean Horror Cinema 8275:10.1353/cj.2011.0073 8241:Entertainment Weekly 7798:. 557–558: 163–169. 7597:. Ciudad de México: 7359:, pp. 321, 330. 5724:Heller-Nicholas 2014 5506:faroutmagazine.co.uk 4806:has also influenced 4646:cognitive dissonance 4564:improve this section 4527:Effects on audiences 4351:The Day of the Beast 4238:The Awful Dr. Orloff 4164:Blood and Black Lace 4075:L'Osservatore Romano 3708:New French Extremity 3633:New French Extremity 3344:The Strangler's Grip 3256:Horror films of Asia 3080:Poster for the film 2985:Psychological horror 2979:Psychological horror 2829:Francis Ford Coppola 2774:science fiction film 2710:found footage horror 2704:Found footage horror 2140:New French Extremity 1486:with the success of 1282:, which ranges from 1130:, performing in 2016 977:improve this article 945:Cinematic techniques 779:The Spiral Staircase 704:Moving Picture World 666:(2002), film critic 604:psychological horror 566:German Expressionism 15257:Film and literature 15155:Whitby Goth Weekend 15140:M'era Luna Festival 15114:Death Guild (1993–) 15104:Batcave (1982–1985) 15087:Notable club nights 14157:Television programs 14109:Speculative fiction 13090:Children and family 13064:Yugoslav Black Wave 12937:Nuevo Cine Mexicano 12822:Nigerian Golden Age 12787:European art cinema 12690:Australian New Wave 10334:A History of Horror 10114:. Wiley-Blackwell. 9832:Olney, Ian (2013). 9794:. Critical Vision. 9547:on 30 November 2017 9410:Spanish Horror Film 9034:. Scarecrow Press. 8961:"Cat People (1942)" 8702:on 23 November 2020 8637:Hosting the Monster 8235:Spines, Christine. 8139:Donnerstein, Edward 7863:The Free Dictionary 7834:"Dissonance theory" 7804:2016ScTEn.557..163B 7383:, pp. 210–211. 6286:. Oldcastle Books. 5619:Murphy, Bernice M. 5272:Visual Anthropology 5247:. Screen Education. 4409:Juan Antonio Bayona 4148:Il Giallo Mondadori 4093:Gian Piero Brunetta 3680:European Nightmares 3356:Guyra Ghost Mystery 3337:It is unknown when 3066:Supernatural horror 2853:natural horror film 2750:(1931), one of the 2724:Paranormal Activity 2661:Witchfinder General 2534:My Bloody Valentine 2525:. Adam Rockoff, in 1538:Part of a series on 1468:natural horror film 1395:Films prior to the 1365:Le Manoir du diable 739:Companion to Horror 600:supernatural horror 548:of authors such as 530:more than a century 170:Legendary creatures 77:Speculative fiction 32:Horror Movie (song) 15306:The Goodbye Family 15145:Drop Dead Festival 15135:Wave-Gotik-Treffen 15109:Slimelight (1987–) 15094:F Club (1977–1982) 15042:Wednesday Mourning 14274:Zombie pornography 13640:Mixed martial arts 13388:Major film studios 12982:Pure Film Movement 12962:Polish Film School 12862:Italian neorealist 12842:Hong Kong New Wave 12444:Mexican sex comedy 11501:German underground 10360:Film International 10262:Palgrave Macmillan 9924:. Tomahawk Press. 9434:. Video Watchdog. 9163:College Literature 8973:on 28 August 2014. 8118:. 25 February 2020 8010:Barber, Nicholas. 7326:Palgrave Macmillan 7308:Lazaro-Reboll 2012 7296:Lazaro-Reboll 2012 7284:Lazaro-Reboll 2012 7272:Lazaro-Reboll 2012 7260:Lazaro-Reboll 2012 7248:Lazaro-Reboll 2012 7205:Lazaro-Reboll 2012 6813:, p. 437-438. 6592:Lazaro-Reboll 2012 5857:on 7 February 2012 5648:Ferrarese, Marco. 5533:Bloody Disgusting! 5245:History and Horror 4759:. You can help by 4697:Laughing Screaming 4496:El libro de piedra 4356:Alejandro Amenábar 4346:Álex de la Iglesia 4129:Antonio Margheriti 4089:Italian neorealism 4045: 4002:Legion of the Dead 3827: 3738:standards such as 3716:Catherine Breillat 3673: 3597:decadent tradition 3403:(1978) led to the 3339:Australia's cinema 3250:Asian horror films 3088: 2886:Night of the Lepus 2778:The Haunted Castle 2756: 2692:region, including 2589:Le Viol du Vampire 1470:, and the rise of 1370: 1132: 1053: 744:Siegfried Kracauer 708:The Hand of Horror 687:(1931), historian 623:commercial success 560:. From origins in 515:apocalyptic events 404:Fictional universe 60: 15345: 15344: 15285:The Addams Family 15007:Patricia Morrison 14773: 14772: 14728:Bram Stoker Award 14467:Extraterrestrials 14427:Zombie apocalypse 14385:Postmodern horror 14064: 14063: 13963:Extraterrestrials 13787:Sword and sorcery 13579: 13578: 13518:Socialist realist 13230:Behind-the-scenes 13007:Socialist realist 13002:Spaghetti Western 12992:Romanian New Wave 12867:Japanese New Wave 12533:Sword and sorcery 12449:Nazi exploitation 12031:Mumbai underworld 11787:Planetary romance 10994: 10993: 10946:Exploitation film 10842: 10841: 10496:Postmodern horror 10342:978-0-8135-4796-1 10318:978-1-4051-3902-1 10279:978-1-137-58416-8 10248:978-1-4744-2460-8 10229:978-1-4766-7064-5 10178:978-0-7486-9353-5 10159:978-0-7864-2974-5 10150:Universal Horrors 10102:978-1-4744-2460-8 10079:978-0-7864-4888-3 10060:978-0-7864-6167-7 10023:Sight & Sound 9950:978-1-59393-285-5 9931:978-0-9566834-5-8 9871:978-0-7486-4310-3 9843:978-0-253-00648-6 9824:978-1-84243-218-1 9757:Sight & Sound 9748:Sight & Sound 9735:Sight & Sound 9725:978-1-4088-0503-9 9706:978-0-85170-741-9 9631:978-0-7864-9156-8 9612:978-0-7864-4012-2 9593:978-0-7864-2821-2 9525:978-1-78739-139-0 9495:978-1-4744-2460-8 9472:978-0-7864-5472-3 9441:978-0-9633756-1-2 9419:978-0-7486-3638-9 9336:978-0-230-31941-7 9293:10.1080/713657675 9233:978-0-7864-7077-8 9125:978-1-4744-4804-8 9087:978-1-349-55349-5 9063:on 17 August 2018 9041:978-1-4616-7374-3 8992:978-1-4744-1119-6 8979:Elsaesser, Thomas 8966:Chicago Sun-Times 8959:(12 March 2006). 8948:978-1-4766-7999-0 8904:978-1-4766-7243-4 8862:978-1-4766-2960-5 8843:978-1-4766-1989-7 8745:978-1-4744-2460-8 8680:Sight & Sound 8669:978-1-4744-2460-8 8646:978-0-7864-0988-4 8608:978-0-7864-7089-1 8485:. 9 December 2014 8431:978-0-203-99676-8 8394:978-0-415-88019-0 8362:. 7 February 2019 8335:978-0-470-67260-0 8137:Linz, Daniel G.; 7608:978-607-30-2039-8 7578:, pp. 41–42. 7441:978-3-030-33435-2 7396:Aldana Reyes 2017 7381:Aldana Reyes 2017 7343:978-1-137-30600-5 6750:, pp. 17–18. 6377:978-1-137-58417-5 6293:978-1-84243-408-6 5711:10.7227/GS.17.2.9 5163:978-1-135-28044-4 4889:978-0-19-958726-1 4817:In the U.S., the 4810:. In March 2008, 4777: 4776: 4676:In film criticism 4660:negative emotions 4656:electromyographic 4600: 4599: 4592: 4407:. The success of 4251:Amando de Ossorio 4137:Spaghetti Western 4018:Alone in the Dark 4012:House of the Dead 3860:Secrets of a Soul 3741:Trouble Every Day 3645:(centre) won the 3580: 3579: 3575: 3498:The ABCs of Death 3472:Bridge to Nowhere 3417:Antony I. Ginnane 3247: 3246: 3103:spirit possession 2714:first person view 2646:uses elements of 2554:A Christmas Carol 2438: 2437: 1508:, films using a " 1114:Horror film score 1066:is a horror film 1042: 1041: 1027: 896:underground films 755:Shadow of a Doubt 639:Horror and terror 546:horror literature 485: 484: 409:Fictional species 354:Fiction magazines 272:Fiction magazines 143:Fiction magazines 86:Alternate history 48:in the 1922 film 16:(Redirected from 15375: 15017:Elizabeth Fraser 14816:Associated music 14809: 14800: 14793: 14786: 14777: 14776: 14761: 14749: 14748: 14702:Vulgar auteurism 14370:Occult detective 14311:Southern Ontario 14237:Dark Romanticism 14091: 14084: 14077: 14068: 14067: 13606: 13599: 13592: 13583: 13582: 13569: 13559: 13558: 13538:Vulgar auteurism 13366:Interstitial art 13344:Hyperlink cinema 13059:Vulgar auteurism 13054:Toronto New Wave 13044:Telefoni Bianchi 13039:Sword-and-sandal 12857:Italian futurist 12852:Iranian New Wave 12715:British New Wave 12528:Sword-and-sandal 12409:Rape and revenge 12350:Mouth of Garbage 12196:Tentacle erotica 12144:Goona-goona epic 12124:Extraterrestrial 12011:Heroic bloodshed 11645:Occult detective 11476:Christmas horror 11328:Sword-and-sandal 11060:Hong Kong action 11055:Heroic bloodshed 11021: 11014: 11007: 10998: 10997: 10982: 10981: 10966:Vulgar auteurism 10711: 10710: 10683:Highest-grossing 10406: 10399: 10392: 10383: 10382: 10322: 10303: 10301: 10299: 10283: 10252: 10233: 10214: 10195: 10182: 10163: 10144: 10125: 10106: 10083: 10064: 10045: 10026: 10017: 10008: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9964: 9954: 9935: 9913: 9894: 9875: 9856: 9847: 9828: 9805: 9786: 9784: 9782: 9764: 9751: 9742: 9729: 9716:Nightmare Movies 9710: 9691: 9689: 9687: 9664: 9635: 9616: 9597: 9578: 9576: 9574: 9556: 9554: 9552: 9543:. Archived from 9529: 9499: 9476: 9457: 9445: 9423: 9404: 9402: 9400: 9384: 9369: 9340: 9321: 9312: 9275: 9256: 9237: 9218: 9195: 9186: 9157: 9129: 9110: 9091: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9059:. Archived from 9045: 9026: 9005: 8996: 8974: 8952: 8929: 8908: 8889: 8866: 8847: 8824: 8815: 8796: 8777: 8768: 8749: 8730: 8711: 8709: 8707: 8698:. Archived from 8684: 8673: 8650: 8631: 8612: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8564: 8558: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8501: 8495: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8475: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8464: 8449: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8405: 8399: 8398: 8378: 8372: 8371: 8369: 8367: 8352: 8346: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8309: 8303: 8302: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8134: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8108: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8056: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8007: 8001: 7995: 7989: 7983: 7977: 7971: 7962: 7961: 7938:Psychophysiology 7932: 7921: 7920: 7884: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7869: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7830: 7824: 7823: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7770: 7760: 7736: 7730: 7729: 7711: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7640: 7634: 7633: 7619: 7613: 7612: 7596: 7585: 7579: 7576:García Ruiz 2019 7573: 7567: 7566: 7560: 7552: 7534: 7502: 7496: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7460: 7454: 7453: 7417: 7411: 7405: 7399: 7393: 7384: 7378: 7372: 7366: 7360: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7317: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7232: 7226: 7220: 7214: 7208: 7202: 7193: 7187: 7181: 7175: 7169: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7145: 7139: 7133: 7127: 7118: 7112: 7106: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7052: 7046: 7040: 7031: 7030:, p. 17-18. 7025: 7019: 7013: 7007: 7001: 6995: 6994:, p. 15-16. 6989: 6983: 6977: 6971: 6965: 6959: 6953: 6947: 6941: 6932: 6926: 6915: 6909: 6903: 6897: 6888: 6887:, p. 56-57. 6882: 6873: 6867: 6858: 6852: 6843: 6837: 6826: 6820: 6814: 6808: 6802: 6796: 6790: 6784: 6775: 6769: 6763: 6757: 6751: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6721: 6712: 6706: 6700: 6694: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6667: 6661: 6655: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6622: 6616: 6610: 6604: 6595: 6594:, p. 11-12. 6589: 6583: 6577: 6571: 6565: 6559: 6553: 6547: 6541: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6503: 6497: 6486: 6480: 6474: 6468: 6459: 6453: 6444: 6438: 6432: 6426: 6415: 6409: 6403: 6397: 6388: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6351: 6345: 6344: 6304: 6298: 6297: 6277: 6266: 6260: 6254: 6248: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6224: 6215: 6209: 6203: 6197: 6188: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6158: 6152: 6146: 6140: 6134: 6128: 6127:, p. 18-19. 6122: 6116: 6110: 6104: 6098: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5963: 5957: 5951: 5945: 5939: 5933: 5927: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5811: 5802: 5796: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5736: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5668: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5645: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5616: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5579: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5508:. 1 October 2022 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5439: 5430: 5424: 5415: 5409: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5373: 5367: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5325: 5319: 5308: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5249: 5248: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5168: 5167: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5122: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5083: 5077: 5071: 5065: 5059: 5053: 5047: 5041: 5040:, p. 26-27. 5035: 5029: 5028:, p. 25-26. 5023: 5017: 5016:, p. 31-32. 5011: 5005: 4999: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4965:, p. 97-98. 4960: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4909: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4863: 4854: 4848: 4804:Indonesian films 4772: 4769: 4751: 4744: 4682:Vulgar auteurism 4632:Physical effects 4595: 4588: 4584: 4581: 4575: 4544: 4536: 4384:Telecinco Cinema 4370:; 2001) through 4084:(1935) in 1940. 3975:The Burning Moon 3865:Thomas Elsaesser 3836:Der Blaue Reiter 3805: 3804: 3661:Agathe Rousselle 3653:for horror film 3652: 3651: 3641:French director 3571: 3551: 3550: 3543: 3444:Strange Behavior 3260:Horror films in 3242: 3239: 3233: 3201: 3200: 3193: 3004:Religious horror 2998:Religious horror 2857:Alfred Hitchcock 2752:Universal horror 2540:April Fool's Day 2501:Christmas horror 2496:Christmas horror 2490:Christmas horror 2466:David Cronenberg 2430: 2423: 2416: 2403: 2398: 2397: 2390: 2386: 2385: 2361:Vulgar auteurism 1554: 1534: 1533: 1484:films from Japan 1399:, such as early 1332:, the worldwide 1269:Alfred Hitchcock 1235:: the horror of 1205: 1187: 1173: 1037: 1034: 1028: 1026: 985: 957: 949: 915:Great Depression 749:The Lost Weekend 701: 477: 470: 463: 449: 448: 71: 64: 63: 21: 15383: 15382: 15378: 15377: 15376: 15374: 15373: 15372: 15348: 15347: 15346: 15341: 15325: 15279:Edgar Allan Poe 15252: 15184:Art and fashion 15179: 15123: 15119:Xmortis (2004–) 15082: 15051:Regional scenes 15046: 14987:Monica Richards 14962:Andrew Eldritch 14935:Notable figures 14930: 14906:Alien Sex Fiend 14876:Christian Death 14859: 14811: 14808:Goth subculture 14807: 14804: 14774: 14769: 14737: 14706: 14648: 14619:Science fiction 14604:Fantasy fiction 14582: 14431: 14269:Monster erotica 14173: 14113: 14100: 14095: 14065: 14060: 13943:Science fiction 13933:Romantic comedy 13621: 13610: 13580: 13575: 13547: 13488:Semidocumentary 13413:Minimalist film 13403:Message picture 13398:Maximalist film 13292:Database cinema 13275:Computer screen 13235:Black-and-white 13160: 13158: 13156: 13150: 13068: 13024:Soviet parallel 12947:Parallel cinema 12942:Pan-Indian film 12872:Kammerspielfilm 12807:French New Wave 12727:Budapest school 12710:Brighton School 12685:New Objectivity 12667: 12661: 12630:Science fiction 12262:Bruceploitation 12171:Girls with guns 12117:Turksploitation 11991:Gentleman thief 11907: 11742:Science fiction 11588:Minimalist film 11583:Maximalist film 11561:Science fiction 11521:Japanese horror 11318:Social guidance 11033: 11025: 10995: 10990: 10970: 10929: 10838: 10790: 10709: 10669: 10547: 10526:Social thriller 10415: 10410: 10369: 10329: 10327:Further reading 10319: 10297: 10295: 10293:Taste of Cinema 10280: 10249: 10230: 10211: 10179: 10160: 10122: 10103: 10080: 10061: 10042: 9983: 9981: 9962: 9951: 9932: 9918:Rhodes, Gary D. 9910: 9900:The Horror Film 9891: 9872: 9844: 9825: 9802: 9780: 9778: 9726: 9707: 9685: 9683: 9632: 9613: 9594: 9572: 9570: 9550: 9548: 9526: 9504:Marriott, James 9496: 9473: 9442: 9420: 9398: 9396: 9337: 9272: 9253: 9234: 9215: 9154: 9142:. Vol. 3. 9126: 9107: 9088: 9066: 9064: 9042: 9023: 8993: 8949: 8905: 8886: 8863: 8844: 8812: 8793: 8774:Chicago Tribune 8765: 8746: 8727: 8705: 8703: 8670: 8647: 8628: 8609: 8593: 8588: 8587: 8577: 8575: 8565: 8561: 8549: 8545: 8502: 8498: 8488: 8486: 8483:Vice (magazine) 8477: 8476: 8472: 8462: 8460: 8457:The Independent 8451: 8450: 8446: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8406: 8402: 8395: 8379: 8375: 8365: 8363: 8354: 8353: 8349: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8310: 8306: 8259: 8255: 8245: 8243: 8233: 8229: 8206:10.2307/2928507 8200:(20): 187–228. 8194:Representations 8186: 8182: 8135: 8131: 8121: 8119: 8110: 8109: 8105: 8095: 8093: 8084: 8083: 8079: 8069: 8067: 8057: 8053: 8043: 8041: 8031: 8027: 8017: 8015: 8008: 8004: 7996: 7992: 7984: 7980: 7972: 7965: 7933: 7924: 7885: 7876: 7867: 7865: 7857: 7856: 7852: 7842: 7840: 7832: 7831: 7827: 7788: 7784: 7737: 7733: 7688: 7684: 7641: 7637: 7620: 7616: 7609: 7594: 7586: 7582: 7574: 7570: 7554: 7553: 7503: 7499: 7495:, pp. 6–9. 7491: 7487: 7480: 7461: 7457: 7442: 7426:. p. 331. 7418: 7414: 7406: 7402: 7394: 7387: 7379: 7375: 7367: 7363: 7355: 7351: 7344: 7328:. p. 201. 7318: 7314: 7306: 7302: 7294: 7290: 7282: 7278: 7270: 7266: 7258: 7254: 7246: 7235: 7227: 7223: 7215: 7211: 7203: 7196: 7188: 7184: 7176: 7172: 7164: 7160: 7152: 7148: 7140: 7136: 7128: 7121: 7113: 7109: 7101: 7097: 7089: 7085: 7077: 7073: 7065: 7061: 7053: 7049: 7041: 7034: 7026: 7022: 7014: 7010: 7002: 6998: 6990: 6986: 6978: 6974: 6966: 6962: 6954: 6950: 6942: 6935: 6927: 6918: 6910: 6906: 6898: 6891: 6883: 6876: 6868: 6861: 6853: 6846: 6838: 6829: 6821: 6817: 6809: 6805: 6797: 6793: 6785: 6778: 6770: 6766: 6758: 6754: 6746: 6742: 6734: 6730: 6722: 6715: 6707: 6703: 6695: 6688: 6680: 6676: 6668: 6664: 6656: 6652: 6644: 6640: 6632: 6625: 6617: 6613: 6605: 6598: 6590: 6586: 6578: 6574: 6566: 6562: 6554: 6550: 6542: 6533: 6525: 6521: 6513: 6506: 6498: 6489: 6481: 6477: 6469: 6462: 6454: 6447: 6439: 6435: 6427: 6418: 6410: 6406: 6398: 6391: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6352: 6348: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6278: 6269: 6265:, pp. 3–4. 6261: 6257: 6249: 6245: 6237: 6233: 6225: 6218: 6210: 6206: 6198: 6191: 6185: 6181: 6171: 6169: 6168:. 26 March 2011 6160: 6159: 6155: 6147: 6143: 6135: 6131: 6123: 6119: 6111: 6107: 6099: 6095: 6087: 6083: 6068: 6054: 6050: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5965: 5964: 5960: 5952: 5948: 5940: 5936: 5928: 5921: 5913: 5909: 5901: 5897: 5889: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5849: 5848: 5844: 5836: 5832: 5824: 5820: 5812: 5805: 5797: 5793: 5785: 5781: 5773: 5769: 5761: 5757: 5749: 5745: 5737: 5730: 5722: 5718: 5695: 5691: 5681: 5679: 5671:Rithdee, Kong. 5669: 5665: 5655: 5653: 5646: 5639: 5629: 5627: 5625:The Irish Times 5617: 5610: 5600: 5598: 5580: 5573: 5563: 5561: 5552: 5551: 5547: 5537: 5535: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5447:www.kinoeye.org 5441: 5440: 5433: 5425: 5418: 5410: 5403: 5395: 5391: 5383: 5376: 5368: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5335: 5328: 5320: 5311: 5303: 5299: 5268: 5264: 5256: 5252: 5241: 5237: 5206: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5182: 5171: 5164: 5148: 5144: 5134: 5132: 5124: 5123: 5104: 5096: 5092: 5084: 5080: 5072: 5068: 5060: 5056: 5048: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5024: 5020: 5012: 5008: 5000: 4993: 4985: 4981: 4973: 4969: 4961: 4957: 4949: 4945: 4937: 4930: 4922: 4918: 4910: 4903: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4864: 4857: 4849: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4792:film censorship 4773: 4767: 4764: 4757:needs expansion 4742: 4684: 4678: 4673: 4634: 4596: 4585: 4579: 4576: 4561: 4545: 4534: 4529: 4453: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4431: 4388:Jaume Balagueró 4312:Bloody Ceremony 4228: 4051: 4027: 3966:Jörg Buttgereit 3848:Warning Shadows 3823:Jörg Buttgereit 3816: 3798:(2021) won the 3790:Julia Ducournau 3643:Julia Ducournau 3635: 3629: 3601:pulp-literature 3576: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3450:Death Warmed Up 3431: 3383:cultural cringe 3335: 3330: 3272:or spirits. In 3258: 3252: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3215: 3202: 3198: 3191: 3182:Crazy/Beautiful 3118:anti-conformity 3111: 3074: 3068: 3035:Friday the 13th 3025: 3019: 3006: 3000: 2989:Bill Gibron of 2987: 2981: 2849: 2843: 2739: 2733: 2706: 2641: 2635: 2625:featuring both 2569: 2563: 2518:Black Christmas 2498: 2492: 2461: 2455: 2447:science fiction 2443: 2434: 2393: 2380: 2379: 2372: 2371: 2370: 2345: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2306:Social thriller 2250: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2186: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2134: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2077: 2062: 2061: 2027: 2017: 2016: 1962: 1952: 1951: 1897: 1887: 1886: 1832: 1822: 1821: 1767: 1757: 1756: 1702: 1692: 1691: 1637: 1627: 1626: 1587: 1572: 1545: 1540: 1532: 1531: 1496:streaming media 1431:science fiction 1386:audience tastes 1382:state of cinema 1355: 1347: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1214:Book of Wonders 1206: 1198: 1197: 1188: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1163: 1116: 1110: 1038: 1032: 1029: 986: 984: 970: 958: 947: 890:directors like 868:science fiction 761:The Dark Corner 699: 689:Gary Don Rhodes 641: 635: 633:Characteristics 550:Edgar Allan Poe 481: 443: 438: 437: 399: 391: 390: 334: 324: 323: 245:Climate fiction 225: 223:Science fiction 215: 214: 123: 121:Fantasy fiction 113: 112: 88: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15381: 15371: 15370: 15368:Horror fiction 15365: 15360: 15343: 15342: 15340: 15339: 15333: 15331: 15327: 15326: 15324: 15323: 15316: 15309: 15302: 15295: 15292:Triana Orpheus 15288: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15260: 15258: 15254: 15253: 15251: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15225: 15220: 15215: 15210: 15209: 15208: 15203: 15193: 15187: 15185: 15181: 15180: 15178: 15177: 15172: 15170:World Goth Day 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15142: 15137: 15131: 15129: 15128:Notable events 15125: 15124: 15122: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15090: 15088: 15084: 15083: 15081: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15054: 15052: 15048: 15047: 15045: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14952:Siouxsie Sioux 14949: 14944: 14938: 14936: 14932: 14931: 14929: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14911:Dead Can Dance 14908: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14888: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14867: 14865: 14861: 14860: 14858: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14836: 14835: 14833:Gothic country 14830: 14819: 14817: 14813: 14812: 14803: 14802: 14795: 14788: 14780: 14771: 14770: 14768: 14767: 14755: 14742: 14739: 14738: 14736: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14714: 14712: 14708: 14707: 14705: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14684: 14683: 14682: 14672: 14667: 14662: 14656: 14654: 14650: 14649: 14647: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14590: 14588: 14587:Related genres 14584: 14583: 14581: 14580: 14575: 14574: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14538: 14537: 14536: 14531: 14524:Therianthropes 14521: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14486: 14485: 14484: 14479: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14458: 14457: 14452: 14441: 14439: 14433: 14432: 14430: 14429: 14424: 14423: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14380:Penny dreadful 14377: 14372: 14367: 14366: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14329: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14293: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14277: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14256: 14255: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14218: 14217: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14181: 14179: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14171: 14170: 14169: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14144: 14143: 14142: 14132: 14127: 14121: 14119: 14115: 14114: 14112: 14111: 14105: 14102: 14101: 14098:Horror fiction 14094: 14093: 14086: 14079: 14071: 14062: 14061: 14059: 14058: 14057: 14056: 14051: 14041: 14040: 14039: 14034: 14024: 14023: 14022: 14017: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13991: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13894: 13893: 13888: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13863: 13862: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13791: 13790: 13789: 13779: 13774: 13773: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13741: 13740: 13730: 13725: 13724: 13723: 13718: 13708: 13703: 13702: 13701: 13691: 13689:Blaxploitation 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13670: 13669: 13664: 13654: 13653: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13637: 13626: 13623: 13622: 13609: 13608: 13601: 13594: 13586: 13577: 13576: 13574: 13573: 13563: 13552: 13549: 13548: 13546: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13473:Reverse motion 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13423:Modernist film 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13379: 13378: 13368: 13363: 13362: 13361: 13356: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13315: 13314: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13288: 13287: 13285:midnight movie 13277: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13211: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13175: 13170: 13164: 13162: 13152: 13151: 13149: 13148: 13147: 13146: 13141: 13131: 13130: 13129: 13124: 13114: 13113: 13112: 13107: 13099: 13098: 13097: 13087: 13082: 13076: 13074: 13073:By demographic 13070: 13069: 13067: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13020: 13019: 13012:Social realist 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12967:Poliziotteschi 12964: 12959: 12957:Poetic realist 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12912:New generation 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12887:Modernist film 12884: 12879: 12877:L.A. Rebellion 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12742:Cinéma du look 12739: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12723: 12722: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12671: 12669: 12663: 12662: 12660: 12659: 12658: 12657: 12655:Zapata Western 12652: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12635:Singing cowboy 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12590:Dacoit Western 12587: 12582: 12572: 12571: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12550: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12509: 12508: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12471:Shoshimin-eiga 12468: 12467: 12466: 12461: 12459:Nunsploitation 12456: 12454:Pornochanchada 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12400: 12399: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12368: 12367: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12341: 12340: 12339: 12338: 12328: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12303: 12302: 12301: 12291: 12290: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12264: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12243: 12242: 12237: 12227: 12222: 12221: 12220: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12199: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12167: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12129:Food and drink 12126: 12121: 12120: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12107:Blaxploitation 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12078: 12077: 12072: 12062: 12061: 12060: 12050: 12045: 12044: 12043: 12038: 12036:Poliziotteschi 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11947: 11946: 11941: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11915: 11913: 11909: 11908: 11906: 11905: 11900: 11899: 11898: 11893: 11891:Extreme cinema 11888: 11878: 11877: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11810: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11739: 11738: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11716: 11715: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11689: 11688: 11681: 11676: 11666: 11661: 11660: 11659: 11654: 11653: 11652: 11647: 11632: 11631: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11595: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11579: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11471:Chinese horror 11468: 11463: 11458: 11448: 11447: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11416: 11415: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11394: 11393: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11352: 11351: 11350: 11337: 11332: 11331: 11330: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11309: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11283: 11282: 11281: 11280: 11279: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11244: 11243: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11192: 11191: 11190: 11180: 11179: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11117: 11116: 11106: 11101: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11075: 11074: 11064: 11063: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11041: 11039: 11035: 11034: 11024: 11023: 11016: 11009: 11001: 10992: 10991: 10989: 10988: 10975: 10972: 10971: 10969: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10951:Extreme cinema 10948: 10943: 10937: 10935: 10931: 10930: 10928: 10927: 10926: 10925: 10920: 10910: 10909: 10908: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10882: 10881: 10879:archaic mother 10876: 10871: 10861: 10856: 10850: 10848: 10844: 10843: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10815: 10814: 10804: 10798: 10796: 10792: 10791: 10789: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10717: 10715: 10708: 10707: 10706: 10705: 10700: 10690: 10685: 10679: 10677: 10671: 10670: 10668: 10667: 10665:United Kingdom 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10641: 10640: 10630: 10625: 10624: 10623: 10618: 10610: 10609: 10608: 10603: 10595: 10594: 10593: 10585: 10584: 10583: 10571: 10566: 10565: 10564: 10555: 10553: 10549: 10548: 10546: 10545: 10544: 10543: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10492: 10491: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10467:Gothic romance 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10432:Blaxploitation 10429: 10423: 10421: 10417: 10416: 10409: 10408: 10401: 10394: 10386: 10380: 10379: 10368: 10367:External links 10365: 10364: 10363: 10362:12 (1): 76–84. 10352: 10345: 10328: 10325: 10324: 10323: 10317: 10304: 10284: 10278: 10264:. p. 44. 10253: 10247: 10234: 10228: 10215: 10209: 10196: 10183: 10177: 10164: 10158: 10145: 10126: 10120: 10107: 10101: 10084: 10078: 10065: 10059: 10046: 10040: 10034:. Wallflower. 10027: 10018: 10009: 9990: 9955: 9949: 9936: 9930: 9914: 9908: 9895: 9889: 9876: 9870: 9857: 9848: 9842: 9829: 9823: 9806: 9800: 9787: 9765: 9752: 9743: 9730: 9724: 9718:. Bloomsbury. 9711: 9705: 9692: 9665: 9647:(2): 123–145. 9636: 9630: 9617: 9611: 9598: 9592: 9579: 9557: 9530: 9524: 9500: 9494: 9477: 9471: 9458: 9446: 9440: 9424: 9418: 9405: 9385: 9370: 9341: 9335: 9322: 9313: 9276: 9270: 9257: 9251: 9238: 9232: 9219: 9213: 9196: 9187: 9169:(4): 191–202. 9158: 9152: 9144:Overlook Press 9136:, ed. (1995). 9130: 9124: 9111: 9105: 9092: 9086: 9073: 9046: 9040: 9027: 9021: 9006: 8997: 8991: 8975: 8953: 8947: 8930: 8909: 8903: 8890: 8885:978-1476628387 8884: 8867: 8861: 8848: 8842: 8825: 8816: 8810: 8797: 8791: 8778: 8769: 8763: 8750: 8744: 8731: 8725: 8712: 8685: 8674: 8668: 8651: 8645: 8632: 8626: 8613: 8607: 8592: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8559: 8555:Shanghai Daily 8543: 8516:(2): 211–226. 8496: 8470: 8459:. 11 July 2014 8444: 8430: 8400: 8393: 8373: 8347: 8334: 8304: 8269:(1): 115–140. 8263:Cinema Journal 8253: 8227: 8180: 8153:(5): 758–768. 8129: 8103: 8092:. 8 April 2021 8077: 8051: 8025: 8002: 7990: 7978: 7963: 7944:(3): 337–349. 7922: 7895:(3): 257–269. 7874: 7850: 7825: 7782: 7768:10400.26/14507 7731: 7702:(3): 171–182. 7696:Emotion Review 7682: 7635: 7614: 7607: 7601:. p. 40. 7580: 7568: 7497: 7485: 7478: 7455: 7440: 7412: 7410:, p. 324. 7400: 7398:, p. 211. 7385: 7373: 7371:, p. 330. 7361: 7349: 7342: 7322:Spanish Gothic 7312: 7310:, p. 5-6. 7300: 7288: 7276: 7264: 7252: 7233: 7231:, p. 175. 7221: 7219:, p. 317. 7209: 7194: 7182: 7170: 7158: 7156:, p. 191. 7146: 7134: 7119: 7107: 7105:, p. 141. 7095: 7093:, p. 558. 7083: 7081:, p. 557. 7071: 7059: 7047: 7045:, p. 542. 7032: 7020: 7008: 6996: 6984: 6972: 6960: 6948: 6933: 6916: 6904: 6889: 6874: 6872:, p. 443. 6859: 6857:, p. 447. 6844: 6842:, p. 435. 6827: 6825:, p. 438. 6815: 6803: 6801:, p. 437. 6791: 6789:, p. 284. 6776: 6774:, p. 281. 6764: 6762:, p. 436. 6752: 6748:Elsaesser 2016 6740: 6736:Elsaesser 2016 6728: 6724:Elsaesser 2016 6713: 6711:, p. 215. 6701: 6699:, p. 439. 6686: 6674: 6662: 6650: 6638: 6623: 6611: 6609:, p. 141. 6607:Heffernan 2004 6596: 6584: 6572: 6560: 6548: 6531: 6529:, p. 116. 6519: 6517:, p. 117. 6504: 6487: 6485:, p. 115. 6475: 6460: 6445: 6443:, p. 192. 6433: 6416: 6414:, p. 5-6. 6404: 6389: 6376: 6346: 6313:Gothic Studies 6299: 6292: 6267: 6255: 6253:, p. 103. 6243: 6241:, p. 102. 6231: 6216: 6204: 6189: 6179: 6166:The Script Lab 6162:"Supernatural" 6153: 6141: 6139:, p. 274. 6129: 6117: 6105: 6103:, p. 218. 6093: 6081: 6066: 6048: 6009: 5984: 5973:. 24 June 2022 5958: 5946: 5944:, p. 187. 5934: 5919: 5907: 5895: 5880: 5868: 5842: 5840:, p. 272. 5830: 5828:, p. 220. 5818: 5803: 5791: 5779: 5777:, p. 5-6. 5767: 5755: 5743: 5728: 5716: 5705:(2): 137–150. 5699:Gothic Studies 5689: 5663: 5637: 5608: 5571: 5545: 5519: 5493: 5459: 5431: 5416: 5401: 5389: 5374: 5353: 5351:, p. 115. 5349:Jancovich 1992 5341: 5339:, p. 112. 5337:Jancovich 1992 5326: 5322:Jancovich 1994 5309: 5297: 5278:(5): 403–420. 5262: 5250: 5235: 5216:(3): 113–121. 5200: 5188: 5169: 5162: 5142: 5102: 5090: 5078: 5066: 5064:, p. 6-7. 5054: 5050:Jancovich 2000 5042: 5038:Jancovich 2000 5030: 5026:Jancovich 2000 5018: 5014:Jancovich 2000 5006: 5002:Jancovich 2008 4991: 4979: 4967: 4955: 4943: 4928: 4916: 4901: 4888: 4855: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4775: 4774: 4754: 4752: 4741: 4738: 4709:film criticism 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4633: 4630: 4598: 4597: 4548: 4546: 4539: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4463:George Melford 4449:Main article: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4430: 4429:United Kingdom 4427: 4297:Vicente Aranda 4227: 4224: 4125:Riccardo Freda 4037:on the set of 4035:Riccardo Freda 4026: 4023: 3970:Olaf Ittenbach 3815: 3812: 3665:Vincent Lindon 3628: 3625: 3621:cult following 3578: 3577: 3555: 3553: 3546: 3540: 3537: 3523:, director of 3430: 3427: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3254:Main article: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3224:it, or adding 3205: 3203: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3110: 3107: 3097:, such as the 3070:Main article: 3067: 3064: 3021:Main article: 3018: 3015: 3002:Main article: 2999: 2996: 2983:Main article: 2980: 2977: 2973:James Marriott 2965:(1981) to the 2922:Night Creature 2842: 2841:Natural horror 2839: 2786:Park Chan-wook 2758:In their book 2735:Main article: 2732: 2729: 2705: 2702: 2690:Southeast Asia 2673:The Wicker Man 2656:rural settings 2637:Main article: 2634: 2631: 2576:sexual arousal 2565:Main article: 2562: 2559: 2494:Main article: 2491: 2488: 2457:Main article: 2454: 2451: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2432: 2425: 2418: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2391: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2351:Extreme cinema 2347: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2222: 2221: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2204: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2149: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2028: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1963: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1898: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1833: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1768: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1703: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1638: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1547: 1546: 1541: 1356: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1288:natural events 1220: 1219: 1207: 1200: 1199: 1195:Albert Goodwin 1189: 1182: 1181: 1175: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1124:John Carpenter 1112:Main article: 1109: 1106: 1057:Negative space 1040: 1039: 975:. Please help 961: 959: 952: 946: 943: 797:New York Times 634: 631: 596:splatter films 483: 482: 480: 479: 472: 465: 457: 454: 453: 440: 439: 436: 435: 428: 421: 416: 411: 406: 400: 397: 396: 393: 392: 389: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 367: 366: 356: 351: 346: 341: 335: 332:Horror fiction 330: 329: 326: 325: 322: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 290: 289: 279: 274: 269: 268: 267: 262: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 226: 221: 220: 217: 216: 213: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 166: 165: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 124: 119: 118: 115: 114: 111: 110: 105: 103:Sidewise Award 100: 95: 89: 84: 83: 80: 79: 73: 72: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15380: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15355: 15353: 15338: 15335: 15334: 15332: 15328: 15322: 15321: 15317: 15315: 15314: 15310: 15308: 15307: 15303: 15301: 15300: 15296: 15294: 15293: 15289: 15287: 15286: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15261: 15259: 15255: 15249: 15248:Winklepickers 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15226: 15224: 15221: 15219: 15218:Gothic Beauty 15216: 15214: 15211: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15198: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15188: 15186: 15182: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15132: 15130: 15126: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15091: 15089: 15085: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15055: 15053: 15049: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15037:Bethany Black 15035: 15033: 15032:Brendan Perry 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15002:Gitane DeMone 15000: 14998: 14997:Rozz Williams 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14939: 14937: 14933: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14916:Cocteau Twins 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14868: 14866: 14864:Notable bands 14862: 14856: 14855:Ethereal wave 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14825: 14824: 14821: 14820: 14818: 14814: 14810: 14801: 14796: 14794: 14789: 14787: 14782: 14781: 14778: 14766: 14765: 14760: 14756: 14754: 14753: 14744: 14743: 14740: 14734: 14733:Video nasties 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14718:Pulp magazine 14716: 14715: 14713: 14709: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14681: 14678: 14677: 14676: 14673: 14671: 14668: 14666: 14663: 14661: 14660:Grand Guignol 14658: 14657: 14655: 14651: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14591: 14589: 14585: 14579: 14576: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14543: 14542: 14539: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14526: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14474: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14447: 14446: 14443: 14442: 14440: 14438: 14434: 14428: 14425: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14407: 14406: 14405:Weird fiction 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14390:Psychological 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14350: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14298: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14261: 14260: 14257: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14234: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14216: 14213: 14212: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14182: 14180: 14176: 14168: 14165: 14164: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14141: 14138: 14137: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14122: 14120: 14116: 14110: 14107: 14106: 14103: 14099: 14092: 14087: 14085: 14080: 14078: 14073: 14072: 14069: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14046: 14045: 14042: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14029: 14028: 14025: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14012: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13978:Sci-fi horror 13976: 13974: 13973:Sci-fi comedy 13971: 13969: 13968:Sci-fi action 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13945: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13892: 13891:Giant-monster 13889: 13887: 13884: 13883: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13809:Comedy horror 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13796: 13795: 13792: 13788: 13785: 13784: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13757: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13739: 13736: 13735: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13713: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13700: 13697: 13696: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13659: 13658: 13655: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13632: 13631: 13628: 13627: 13624: 13619: 13615: 13607: 13602: 13600: 13595: 13593: 13588: 13587: 13584: 13572: 13568: 13564: 13562: 13554: 13553: 13550: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13468:Postmodernist 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13458:Participatory 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13428:Musical short 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13377: 13374: 13373: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13364: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13351: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13339:Found footage 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13313: 13310: 13309: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13286: 13283: 13282: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13245:Cinéma vérité 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13180: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13165: 13163: 13161:or production 13153: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13136: 13135: 13132: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13119: 13118: 13115: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13102: 13100: 13096: 13093: 13092: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13077: 13075: 13071: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13018: 13015: 13014: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12977:Prussian film 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12922:New Nollywood 12920: 12918: 12917:New Hollywood 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12737:Cannibal boom 12735: 12733: 12732:Calligrafismo 12730: 12728: 12725: 12721: 12718: 12717: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12700:Berlin School 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12672: 12670: 12664: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12650:Weird Western 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12577: 12576: 12573: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12555: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12507: 12504: 12503: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12481:Slice of life 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12434:Bavarian porn 12432: 12431: 12430: 12429:Sexploitation 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12398: 12395: 12394: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12387:Partisan film 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12366: 12363: 12362: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12355:Muslim social 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12337: 12336:Zombie comedy 12334: 12333: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12311:Giant monster 12309: 12308: 12307: 12304: 12300: 12297: 12296: 12295: 12292: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12259: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12232: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12219: 12216: 12215: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12183: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12151: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12112:Mexploitation 12110: 12108: 12105: 12104: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12067: 12066: 12063: 12059: 12056: 12055: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11978: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11966:Coming-of-age 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11936: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11916: 11914: 11910: 11904: 11901: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11883: 11882: 11881:Transgressive 11879: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11864:Psychological 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11826: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11814:Slice of life 11812: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11744: 11743: 11740: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11714: 11711: 11710: 11709: 11706: 11705: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11686: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11671: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11658: 11655: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11642: 11641: 11638: 11637: 11636: 11633: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11600: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11551:Psychological 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11526:Korean horror 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11496:Found footage 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11453: 11452: 11449: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11421: 11420: 11417: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11399: 11398: 11395: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11385:Magic realism 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11357: 11356: 11353: 11349: 11348: 11343: 11342: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11329: 11326: 11325: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11301:Sexploitation 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11288: 11287: 11284: 11278: 11275: 11274: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11252:Calligrafismo 11250: 11249: 11248: 11245: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11205:City symphony 11203: 11201: 11198: 11197: 11196: 11193: 11189: 11186: 11185: 11184: 11181: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11115: 11112: 11111: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11096: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11073: 11070: 11069: 11068: 11065: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11047: 11046: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11036: 11032: 11029: 11022: 11017: 11015: 11010: 11008: 11003: 11002: 10999: 10987: 10986: 10977: 10976: 10973: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10932: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10915: 10914: 10911: 10907: 10904: 10903: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10866: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10845: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10813: 10810: 10809: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10799: 10797: 10793: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10712: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10695: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10680: 10678: 10676: 10672: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10639: 10638: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10601:Expressionism 10599: 10598: 10596: 10592: 10589: 10588: 10586: 10582: 10581: 10577: 10576: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10556: 10554: 10550: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10501:Psychological 10499: 10497: 10494: 10490: 10489: 10485: 10484: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10462:Found footage 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10424: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10407: 10402: 10400: 10395: 10393: 10388: 10387: 10384: 10378: 10374: 10371: 10370: 10361: 10357: 10353: 10350: 10346: 10343: 10339: 10335: 10331: 10330: 10320: 10314: 10310: 10305: 10294: 10290: 10285: 10281: 10275: 10271: 10267: 10263: 10259: 10254: 10250: 10244: 10240: 10235: 10231: 10225: 10221: 10216: 10212: 10210:9781476663487 10206: 10203:. McFarland. 10202: 10197: 10193: 10189: 10184: 10180: 10174: 10170: 10165: 10161: 10155: 10151: 10146: 10142: 10138: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10123: 10117: 10113: 10108: 10104: 10098: 10094: 10090: 10085: 10081: 10075: 10072:. McFarland. 10071: 10066: 10062: 10056: 10053:. McFarland. 10052: 10047: 10043: 10041:1 904764-49-5 10037: 10033: 10028: 10024: 10019: 10015: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9997: 9991: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9968: 9961: 9956: 9952: 9946: 9942: 9937: 9933: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9909:0-8135-3363-5 9905: 9901: 9896: 9892: 9890:0-306-80347-X 9886: 9882: 9877: 9873: 9867: 9863: 9858: 9854: 9849: 9845: 9839: 9835: 9830: 9826: 9820: 9816: 9812: 9807: 9803: 9801:1-900486-31-8 9797: 9793: 9788: 9777: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9762: 9758: 9753: 9749: 9744: 9740: 9736: 9731: 9727: 9721: 9717: 9712: 9708: 9702: 9698: 9693: 9681: 9677: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9662: 9658: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9637: 9633: 9627: 9624:. McFarland. 9623: 9618: 9614: 9608: 9604: 9599: 9595: 9589: 9585: 9580: 9569: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9546: 9542: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9527: 9521: 9517: 9516:Carlton Books 9513: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9478: 9474: 9468: 9465:. McFarland. 9464: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9443: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9415: 9411: 9406: 9395: 9391: 9386: 9382: 9378: 9377: 9371: 9367: 9363: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9347: 9342: 9338: 9332: 9328: 9323: 9319: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9277: 9273: 9271:1-85331-149-9 9267: 9263: 9258: 9254: 9252:0-7134-6820-3 9248: 9244: 9239: 9235: 9229: 9225: 9220: 9216: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9197: 9193: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9159: 9155: 9153:0-87951-624-0 9149: 9145: 9141: 9140: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9121: 9117: 9112: 9108: 9106:0-8143-3044-4 9102: 9098: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9079: 9074: 9062: 9058: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9043: 9037: 9033: 9028: 9024: 9022:0-8018-6561-1 9018: 9014: 9013: 9007: 9004:. No. 7. 9003: 8998: 8994: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8967: 8962: 8958: 8954: 8950: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8910: 8906: 8900: 8897:. McFarland. 8896: 8891: 8887: 8881: 8877: 8873: 8868: 8864: 8858: 8855:. McFarland. 8854: 8849: 8845: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8826: 8822: 8817: 8813: 8811:9781604734546 8807: 8803: 8798: 8794: 8792:9780814331019 8788: 8784: 8779: 8775: 8770: 8766: 8764:0-415-23004-7 8760: 8757:. Routledge. 8756: 8751: 8747: 8741: 8737: 8732: 8728: 8726:9780470672600 8722: 8718: 8713: 8701: 8697: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8682: 8681: 8675: 8671: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8652: 8648: 8642: 8638: 8633: 8629: 8627:9780748630592 8623: 8619: 8614: 8610: 8604: 8600: 8595: 8594: 8574: 8570: 8563: 8557:, March 2008. 8556: 8552: 8547: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8511: 8507: 8500: 8484: 8480: 8474: 8458: 8454: 8448: 8433: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8416:. Routledge. 8415: 8411: 8404: 8396: 8390: 8386: 8385: 8377: 8361: 8357: 8351: 8337: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8308: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8257: 8242: 8238: 8231: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8184: 8176: 8172: 8168: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8133: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8091: 8087: 8081: 8066: 8062: 8055: 8040: 8036: 8029: 8013: 8006: 7999: 7994: 7988:, p. 32. 7987: 7982: 7975: 7970: 7968: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7864: 7860: 7854: 7839: 7835: 7829: 7821: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7778: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7735: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7686: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7639: 7631: 7630: 7625: 7618: 7610: 7604: 7600: 7593: 7592: 7584: 7577: 7572: 7564: 7558: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7515:UAM Ediciones 7512: 7508: 7501: 7494: 7489: 7481: 7479:0-7864-2201-7 7475: 7472: 7468: 7467: 7459: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7424: 7416: 7409: 7404: 7397: 7392: 7390: 7382: 7377: 7370: 7365: 7358: 7353: 7345: 7339: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7316: 7309: 7304: 7297: 7292: 7285: 7280: 7274:, p. 13. 7273: 7268: 7262:, p. 12. 7261: 7256: 7249: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7230: 7225: 7218: 7213: 7206: 7201: 7199: 7192:, p. 70. 7191: 7186: 7180:, p. 67. 7179: 7174: 7168:, p. 62. 7167: 7162: 7155: 7150: 7143: 7138: 7131: 7126: 7124: 7116: 7111: 7104: 7099: 7092: 7087: 7080: 7075: 7069:, p. 21. 7068: 7063: 7057:, p. 20. 7056: 7051: 7044: 7039: 7037: 7029: 7024: 7018:, p. 17. 7017: 7012: 7006:, p. 16. 7005: 7000: 6993: 6988: 6982:, p. 15. 6981: 6976: 6970:, p. 80. 6969: 6964: 6958:, p. 22. 6957: 6952: 6946:, p. 15. 6945: 6940: 6938: 6931:, p. 12. 6930: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6913: 6908: 6902:, p. 11. 6901: 6896: 6894: 6886: 6881: 6879: 6871: 6866: 6864: 6856: 6851: 6849: 6841: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6824: 6819: 6812: 6807: 6800: 6795: 6788: 6783: 6781: 6773: 6768: 6761: 6756: 6749: 6744: 6738:, p. 16. 6737: 6732: 6726:, p. 15. 6725: 6720: 6718: 6710: 6709:Benshoff 2014 6705: 6698: 6693: 6691: 6683: 6678: 6671: 6666: 6659: 6654: 6648:, p. 48. 6647: 6642: 6635: 6630: 6628: 6621:, p. 47. 6620: 6615: 6608: 6603: 6601: 6593: 6588: 6581: 6576: 6569: 6564: 6558:, p. 44. 6557: 6552: 6546:, p. xi. 6545: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6528: 6523: 6516: 6511: 6509: 6501: 6500:Matthews 2017 6496: 6494: 6492: 6484: 6479: 6472: 6467: 6465: 6458:, p. 12. 6457: 6452: 6450: 6442: 6437: 6431:, p. 10. 6430: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6413: 6408: 6401: 6396: 6394: 6379: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6319:(1): 98–113. 6318: 6314: 6310: 6303: 6295: 6289: 6285: 6284: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6264: 6259: 6252: 6247: 6240: 6235: 6229:, p. 99. 6228: 6223: 6221: 6213: 6208: 6202:, p. 70. 6201: 6196: 6194: 6183: 6167: 6163: 6157: 6151:, p. 87. 6150: 6145: 6138: 6133: 6126: 6121: 6115:, p. 21. 6114: 6109: 6102: 6097: 6091:, p. 17. 6090: 6085: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6067:9781137496478 6063: 6059: 6052: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6013: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5972: 5968: 5962: 5955: 5950: 5943: 5938: 5932:, p. 31. 5931: 5926: 5924: 5917:, p. 20. 5916: 5911: 5905:, p. 19. 5904: 5899: 5893:, p. 17. 5892: 5887: 5885: 5878:, p. 32. 5877: 5872: 5856: 5852: 5846: 5839: 5834: 5827: 5822: 5816:, p. 38. 5815: 5810: 5808: 5801:, p. 11. 5800: 5795: 5789:, p. 10. 5788: 5783: 5776: 5771: 5764: 5759: 5752: 5747: 5740: 5735: 5733: 5725: 5720: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5693: 5678: 5674: 5667: 5651: 5644: 5642: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5613: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5576: 5560:. 19 May 2015 5559: 5555: 5549: 5534: 5530: 5523: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5473:The Telegraph 5470: 5463: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5436: 5429:, p. 30. 5428: 5423: 5421: 5413: 5408: 5406: 5398: 5393: 5386: 5381: 5379: 5371: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5350: 5345: 5338: 5333: 5331: 5324:, p. 26. 5323: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5307:, p. 15. 5306: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5266: 5259: 5254: 5246: 5239: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5204: 5198:, p. 17. 5197: 5192: 5186:, p. 16. 5185: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5165: 5159: 5156:. Routledge. 5155: 5154: 5146: 5131: 5127: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5100:, p. 83. 5099: 5094: 5088:, p. 82. 5087: 5082: 5076:, p. 79. 5075: 5070: 5063: 5058: 5052:, p. 28. 5051: 5046: 5039: 5034: 5027: 5022: 5015: 5010: 5004:, p. 28. 5003: 4998: 4996: 4988: 4983: 4977:, p. 90. 4976: 4971: 4964: 4959: 4953:, p. 98. 4952: 4947: 4941:, p. 97. 4940: 4935: 4933: 4926:, p. 91. 4925: 4920: 4913: 4908: 4906: 4891: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4868:"horror film" 4862: 4860: 4853:, p. 20. 4852: 4847: 4845: 4840: 4827: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4800:video nasties 4797: 4793: 4788: 4786: 4782: 4771: 4762: 4758: 4755:This section 4753: 4750: 4746: 4745: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4668: 4666: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4647: 4642: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4622: 4620: 4614: 4612: 4607: 4605: 4594: 4591: 4583: 4580:November 2019 4573: 4569: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4549:This section 4547: 4543: 4538: 4537: 4524: 4520: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4509: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4497: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4477:Germán Robles 4474: 4473: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4459: 4452: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4415: 4414:The Orphanage 4410: 4406: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4335: 4329: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4239: 4234: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4205:Lamberto Bava 4202: 4201: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4175: 4171:'s 1970 film 4170: 4169:Dario Argento 4166: 4165: 4160: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4144: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4117:gothic horror 4113: 4111: 4107: 4106: 4101: 4100: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4077: 4076: 4072:'s newspaper 4071: 4066: 4062: 4061:expressionism 4058: 4057: 4050: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4022: 4020: 4019: 4014: 4013: 4008: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3985: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3947:The Evil Dead 3943: 3938: 3937: 3932: 3931: 3926: 3925:Werner Herzog 3921: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3887:Emil Jannings 3884: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3855: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3843: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3811: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3791: 3788:(2003) while 3787: 3786: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3746:Marina de Van 3743: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3704:transgressive 3700: 3698: 3697:Alexandre Aja 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3650: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3610: 3609:erotic comics 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3574: 3573:(August 2024) 3569: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3536: 3534: 3533: 3532:The Tattooist 3528: 3527: 3522: 3521:Jonathan King 3518: 3517: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3483: 3478: 3477:Peter Jackson 3474: 3473: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3395: 3394:The Last Wave 3390: 3389: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3369: 3368:Night of Fear 3364: 3363: 3358: 3357: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3345: 3340: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3241: 3238:February 2024 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3211: 3206:This section 3204: 3195: 3194: 3186: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3171: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3145: 3140: 3139: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3124: 3119: 3115: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3085: 3084: 3078: 3073: 3063: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3054: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3014: 3013:defeat evil. 3011: 3005: 2995: 2992: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2971:film series. 2970: 2969: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2939:vegetarianism 2936: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2924: 2923: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2887: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2869: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2838: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2805: 2803: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2731:Gothic horror 2728: 2726: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2686: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2674: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2602: 2597: 2596: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2572:Erotic horror 2568: 2567:Erotic horror 2561:Erotic horror 2558: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2431: 2426: 2424: 2419: 2417: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2402: 2392: 2389: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2376: 2375: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2341: 2340: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2296:Psychological 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2246: 2245: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2219:Analog horror 2217: 2216: 2215: 2214:Found footage 2212: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2176: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2155:Expressionism 2153: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2130: 2129: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2021: 2020: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1956: 1955: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1826: 1825: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1696: 1695: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1631: 1630: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1510:found footage 1507: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1480:postmodernism 1477: 1473: 1472:slasher films 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1456: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1366: 1360: 1353: 1342: 1339: 1335: 1334:AIDS epidemic 1331: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1298:satanic rites 1295: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1215: 1211: 1204: 1196: 1192: 1186: 1178: 1172: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1105: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1086:Tight framing 1083: 1079: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1058: 1050: 1046: 1036: 1033:December 2021 1025: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1001: 997: 994: – 993: 992:"Horror film" 989: 988:Find sources: 982: 978: 974: 968: 967: 966:single source 962:This section 960: 956: 951: 950: 942: 939: 935: 930: 926: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 903: 901: 897: 893: 892:Dario Argento 889: 888: 883: 882: 877: 876:Freddy Kruger 873: 869: 865: 864: 859: 855: 850: 846: 842: 838: 833: 831: 827: 826: 821: 820: 815: 814: 809: 808: 803: 799: 798: 793: 792: 787: 786: 781: 780: 775: 774: 769: 768: 763: 762: 757: 756: 751: 750: 745: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 711: 709: 705: 698: 694: 690: 686: 685: 679: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 630: 628: 627:culture icons 624: 619: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 592:slasher films 589: 588:erotic horror 585: 584:comedy horror 581: 577: 576: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 538:superstitions 535: 531: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 503: 501: 497: 493: 489: 478: 473: 471: 466: 464: 459: 458: 456: 455: 452: 447: 442: 441: 434: 433: 429: 427: 426: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 401: 398:Miscellaneous 395: 394: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 365: 362: 361: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 333: 328: 327: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 294:Organizations 292: 288: 285: 284: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 266: 263: 261: 258: 257: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 227: 224: 219: 218: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 164: 163:Early history 161: 160: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 125: 122: 117: 116: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 98:Retrofuturism 96: 94: 91: 90: 87: 82: 81: 78: 75: 74: 70: 66: 65: 62: 57: 53: 52: 47: 43: 39: 33: 19: 15363:Horror films 15318: 15313:The Munsters 15311: 15304: 15297: 15290: 15283: 15228:Edward Gorey 15027:Lisa Gerrard 14982:Dinah Cancer 14947:Peter Murphy 14942:Robert Smith 14891:Joy Division 14762: 14750: 14644:Urban legend 14629:Supernatural 14594:Black comedy 14415:Weird menace 14343:Lovecraftian 14252:Splatterpunk 14232:Dark fantasy 14134: 13876:Mockumentary 13684:Biographical 13667:Swashbuckler 13635:Martial arts 13307:Experimental 13302:Ethnofiction 13049:Third Cinema 12952:Persian Film 12695:Auteur films 12666:By movement 12523:Swashbuckler 12382:Ozploitation 12377:Outlaw biker 12257:Martial arts 12252:Magical girl 12102:Exploitation 12097:Ethnographic 12026:Mafia comedy 11669:Pornographic 11546:Psycho-biddy 11531:Lovecraftian 11450: 11365:Contemporary 11346: 11340:Exploitation 11335:Experimental 11215:Mockumentary 11084:Biographical 10983: 10874:scream queen 10635: 10616:ghost movies 10578: 10562:Ozploitation 10521:Supernatural 10486: 10477:Lovecraftian 10412: 10373:Horror genre 10348: 10333: 10308: 10296:. Retrieved 10292: 10257: 10238: 10219: 10200: 10191: 10187: 10168: 10149: 10134: 10111: 10092: 10088: 10069: 10050: 10031: 10022: 10016:. DNA India. 9994: 9982:. Retrieved 9970: 9966: 9940: 9921: 9899: 9880: 9861: 9852: 9833: 9815:Kamera Books 9811:Horror Films 9810: 9791: 9779:. Retrieved 9773: 9756: 9747: 9734: 9715: 9696: 9684:. Retrieved 9673: 9644: 9640: 9621: 9602: 9583: 9571:. Retrieved 9565: 9549:. Retrieved 9545:the original 9538: 9511: 9481: 9462: 9453: 9431: 9409: 9397:. Retrieved 9394:Screen Slate 9393: 9380: 9374: 9349: 9345: 9326: 9320:. McFarland. 9317: 9287:(1): 23–35. 9284: 9280: 9261: 9242: 9223: 9200: 9191: 9166: 9162: 9138: 9115: 9096: 9077: 9065:. Retrieved 9061:the original 9054: 9031: 9011: 9001: 8982: 8971:the original 8964: 8957:Ebert, Roger 8934: 8917: 8913: 8894: 8871: 8852: 8829: 8820: 8801: 8782: 8773: 8754: 8735: 8716: 8704:. Retrieved 8700:the original 8693: 8678: 8655: 8636: 8617: 8598: 8591:Bibliography 8576:. 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Following 2932: 2931:(1977), and 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2850: 2832: 2821:Black Sunday 2820: 2816: 2813:Roger Corman 2806: 2799: 2796:Jordan Peele 2789: 2782:Frankenstein 2781: 2777: 2763: 2759: 2757: 2747:Frankenstein 2745: 2722: 2707: 2683: 2682:(2015), and 2678: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2642: 2612: 2606: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2570: 2552: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2523:slasher film 2516: 2510: 2504: 2499: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2462: 2444: 2321:Supernatural 2207:Scream queen 2144: 2068:By continent 1543:Horror films 1542: 1537: 1525: 1520: 1513: 1503: 1500:torture porn 1487: 1464:pornographic 1453: 1449:Black Sunday 1447: 1441: 1435: 1414: 1408: 1394: 1371: 1363: 1322: 1315: 1311:The Exorcist 1309: 1291: 1286:but also of 1272: 1239:, horror of 1228: 1227:In the book 1226: 1190: 1138: 1133: 1102: 1076: 1061: 1054: 1030: 1020: 1013: 1006: 999: 987: 963: 931: 927: 913:and II, the 904: 899: 885: 879: 872:cult figures 861: 849:slasher film 840: 836: 834: 829: 825:Phantom Lady 823: 817: 811: 805: 801: 795: 789: 785:The Stranger 783: 777: 771: 765: 759: 753: 747: 738: 731:supernatural 718: 715:mystery film 712: 707: 703: 696: 682: 680: 676:Noël Carroll 671: 663: 643: 642: 620: 574: 562:silent films 558:Mary Shelley 527: 504: 487: 486: 430: 423: 358: 61: 49: 18:Horror movie 15358:Film genres 15320:The Sandman 15243:Backcombing 15223:Rose Mortem 15213:Lip Service 15206:Health Goth 15058:Camden Town 14992:Lisa Hammer 14823:Gothic rock 14692:Horror host 14675:LGBT themes 14670:Conventions 14599:Fantastique 14514:Sea monster 14462:Evil clowns 14222:Creepypasta 14162:Video games 13988:Time travel 13948:Apocalyptic 13750:Documentary 13679:Avant-garde 13533:Video nasty 13528:Underground 13513:Slow cinema 13483:Sceneggiata 13371:Live action 13349:Independent 13329:Film à clef 13297:Docufiction 13265:Compilation 13240:Blockbuster 13208:Traditional 13203:Stop-motion 13139:Chick flick 12997:Slow cinema 12987:Remodernist 12802:Free Cinema 12782:Erra Cinema 12747:Cinema Novo 12625:Revisionist 12134:Gendai-geki 12070:Psychedelic 12058:Apocalyptic 11924:Beach party 11819:Slow cinema 11792:Space opera 11757:Fantastique 11628:Sceneggiata 11618:Musicarello 11491:Fantastique 11370:Fantastique 11313:Educational 11240:Video essay 11195:Documentary 10961:Video nasty 10606:Underground 10552:Territories 10413:Horror film 9883:. Da Capo. 9508:Newman, Kim 9134:Hardy, Phil 8914:Wide Screen 8695:Vanity Fair 8573:JSTOR Daily 8489:22 December 8463:22 December 8437:22 December 8366:21 December 8122:20 December 8096:20 December 8090:Vogue India 8070:20 December 8044:20 December 8018:20 December 7998:Hantke 2007 7868:22 November 7843:22 November 7655:(1): 1–26. 7649:Projections 7229:Shipka 2011 7190:Walker 2016 7178:Walker 2016 7166:Walker 2016 6980:Lucas 2013b 6956:Shipka 2011 6682:LaCava 2021 6556:Wynter 2016 6172:19 December 5954:Gibron 2013 5630:12 November 5196:Prawer 1989 5184:Prawer 1989 5135:22 November 4975:Rhodes 2014 4924:Rhodes 2014 4895:20 December 4781:moral panic 4405:film series 4364:; 1996 and 4354:; 1995) or 4247:Paul Naschy 4209:Joe D'Amato 4139:. The term 4056:fantastique 4015:(2003) and 3987:(2000) and 3957:Video nasty 3952:Helmut Kohl 3920:Third Reich 3895:F.W. Murnau 3893:. Director 3891:Peter Lorre 3879:Count Orlok 3877:(1924) and 3857:(1920) and 3782:(2007) and 3767:Frontier(s) 3762:Xavier Gens 3760:(2003) and 3744:(2001) and 3688:Jean Rollin 3593:romanticism 3529:(2006) and 3526:Black Sheep 3493:Ant Timpson 3485:(1988) and 3435:New Zealand 3429:New Zealand 3397:(1977) and 3365:(1970) and 3300:. Although 3226:subheadings 3179:(2001) and 3170:The Faculty 3147:(1957) and 3135:(1957) and 3114:Teen horror 3109:Teen horror 3056:(2000) and 2962:Great White 2959:(1976) and 2919:(1976) and 2794:(2013) and 2760:Gothic film 2737:Gothic film 2717:sites like 2644:Folk horror 2639:Folk horror 2633:Folk horror 2623:H. R. Giger 2595:Fascination 2584:Jean Rollin 2537:(1981) and 2509:(1971) and 2480:(1982) and 2459:Body horror 2453:Body horror 2366:Video nasty 2160:underground 2115:South Korea 1405:trick films 1362:Poster for 1326:Vietnam War 1261:mutilations 1237:personality 1229:Dark Dreams 1098:protagonist 1082:conditioned 911:World War I 813:Dark Waters 580:body horror 554:Bram Stoker 349:Conventions 260:Conventions 195:Superheroes 138:Fantasy art 46:Count Orlok 42:Max Schreck 15352:Categories 15274:Tim Burton 15269:Literature 15022:Doc Hammer 15012:Carl McCoy 14957:Ian Curtis 14901:The Damned 14828:Gothabilly 14697:Horrorcore 14680:characters 14614:Paranormal 14534:Werewolves 14499:Killer toy 14420:Weird West 13765:Historical 13694:Children's 13620:and themes 13453:Paracinema 13438:Neorealist 13433:Mythopoeia 13418:Mockbuster 13383:Low-budget 13324:Featurette 13157:technique, 13155:By format, 13034:Surrealist 13029:Structural 12907:New German 12897:Neorealist 12892:Mumblecore 12832:Heimatfilm 12792:Film d'art 12757:Cinéma pur 12491:South Seas 12464:Sex report 11730:Paranormal 11693:Propaganda 11593:Mumblecore 11380:Historical 11262:Historical 11151:Remarriage 11141:Mo lei tau 10956:Grindhouse 10913:Characters 10891:Disability 10886:Jump scare 10869:final girl 10675:Film lists 10558:Australia 10298:21 January 10121:063116992X 9996:Rue Morgue 9984:14 October 9697:Cat People 9686:3 December 9551:21 January 9514:. London: 9450:Lucas, Tim 9428:Lucas, Tim 9399:20 January 9376:Humanities 9214:0822385554 9056:PopMatters 8639:. Rodopi. 8299:A277106285 8116:ScreenRant 7513:. Madrid: 7511:Secuencias 7493:Green 2005 7154:Curti 2019 7142:Curti 2019 7130:Curti 2019 7115:Curti 2019 7091:Lucas 2013 7079:Lucas 2013 7067:Curti 2019 7055:Curti 2019 7043:Lucas 2013 7028:Curti 2015 7016:Curti 2015 7004:Curti 2015 6992:Curti 2015 6944:Curti 2015 6929:Curti 2015 6912:Curti 2017 6900:Curti 2015 6787:Halle 2003 6772:Halle 2003 6580:Olney 2013 6568:Olney 2013 6544:Olney 2013 6383:24 January 6251:Shary 2005 6239:Shary 2005 6227:Shary 2005 6149:Chung 2013 5814:Curti 2015 5682:19 January 5656:19 January 5601:5 February 5564:22 October 5538:22 October 5512:22 October 5486:22 October 5452:22 October 5412:DuPée 2022 5397:DuPée 2022 5385:Ulaby 2015 5370:Newby 2018 5062:Tudor 1991 4830:References 4785:censorship 4740:Censorship 4730:disability 4688:Robin Wood 4680:See also: 4638:infrasound 4517:La Llorona 4505:(1975) or 4472:El vampiro 4423:Paco Plaza 4367:The Others 4334:Pilar Miró 4307:Jorge Grau 4243:Dr. Orloff 4121:Mario Bava 4047:See also: 3990:Antibodies 3802:Palme d'Or 3751:In My Skin 3724:Gaspar Noé 3649:Palme d'Or 3631:See also: 3616:grindhouse 3589:surrealism 3510:Housebound 3422:Wolf Creek 3347:(1912) to 3222:condensing 3093:integrate 3059:The Record 2991:PopMatters 2947:Greenpeace 2845:See also: 2608:Hellraiser 2586:, such as 2528:Rue Morgue 2356:Grindhouse 2231:Jump scare 2202:Final girl 2192:Disability 2178:Key topics 1521:Hereditary 1314:(1973) or 1302:witchcraft 1241:Armageddon 1191:Apocalypse 1143:Dissonance 1064:jump scare 1003:newspapers 934:censorship 917:, and the 791:Spellbound 668:Robin Wood 637:See also: 492:film genre 381:Television 309:Television 200:Television 175:Literature 56:Kim Newman 27:Film genre 15337:Post-punk 15238:Deathhawk 15201:Cybergoth 15068:Cleveland 14967:Nick Cave 14850:Dark wave 14845:Cold wave 14840:Deathrock 14639:Tokusatsu 14561:Skeletons 14489:Gargoyles 14410:New weird 14321:Tasmanian 14205:Christmas 14147:Magazines 14054:Spaghetti 14037:Submarine 13983:Superhero 13953:Body swap 13923:Religious 13871:Melodrama 13760:Economics 13721:Slapstick 13706:Christian 13699:Animation 13674:Animation 13657:Adventure 13650:Vigilante 13612:Lists of 13443:No-budget 13408:Meta-film 13376:animation 13334:Film-poem 13270:Composite 13215:Anthology 13178:Animation 13173:Actuality 13159:approach, 12927:New Queer 12847:Indiewood 12797:Film gris 12668:or period 12645:Spaghetti 12568:Submarine 12548:Vigilante 12513:Superhero 12267:Chopsocky 12213:Jidaigeki 12082:Dystopian 11981:Detective 11939:Buddy cop 11929:Body swap 11859:Political 11839:Financial 11802:Tokusatsu 11797:Steampunk 11713:Bromantic 11685:Malayalam 11664:Crossover 11640:Detective 11608:Backstage 11556:Religious 11412:Tech noir 11407:Pulp noir 11397:Film noir 11272:Melodrama 11210:Docudrama 11183:Cyberpunk 11176:Slapstick 11166:Screwball 11126:Gross out 11089:Christian 11067:Adventure 10802:Anthology 10714:By decade 10703:Malayalam 10628:Indonesia 10621:Bollywood 10591:Extremity 10447:Christmas 10420:Subgenres 10089:Neoi Gwei 10005:1481-1103 9979:2561-5629 9775:IndieWire 9661:144146193 9510:(2018) . 9452:(2013b). 9366:246436799 9309:144833572 9301:1030-4312 9183:170518242 8926:1757-3920 8876:McFarland 8834:McFarland 8706:2 January 8538:145086314 8530:1464-9373 8291:144874450 8214:0734-6018 8167:1939-1315 7986:Paul 1994 7751:(1): 12. 7726:235779574 7718:1754-0739 7669:1934-9696 7549:213113335 7541:1134-6795 7450:219469402 6968:Fofi 1963 6670:West 2016 6658:West 2016 6634:West 2016 6341:216404862 6333:1362-7937 6263:West 2018 6212:West 2018 6125:Muir 2007 6113:Muir 2007 6089:Muir 2007 6076:927961472 6043:1703-289X 5915:Muir 2012 5903:Muir 2012 5891:Muir 2012 5799:Muir 2012 5787:Muir 2012 5596:0261-3077 5481:0307-1235 5292:144730190 5230:191466131 4671:Reception 4551:does not 4513:Ranchería 4382:(through 4380:Telecinco 4287:Exorcismo 4186:cannibals 4177:that the 4153:Tim Lucas 4040:I Vampiri 4033:Director 3942:Sam Raimi 3904:Nosferatu 3842:Der Sturm 3504:Deathgasm 3488:Braindead 3482:Bad Taste 3466:Mr. Wrong 3460:Trial Run 3433:By 2005, 3362:Dead Easy 3333:Australia 3322:Malaysian 3318:Cambodian 3298:Shintoism 3286:pantheist 3230:talk page 3218:splitting 3216:Consider 3099:afterlife 3053:Nightmare 2968:Sharknado 2889:(1972), 2862:The Birds 2825:Anne Rice 2765:film noir 2698:Indonesia 2685:Midsommar 2679:The Witch 2652:religious 2650:or other 2619:Xenomorph 2477:The Thing 2105:Indonesia 2098:Malayalam 1586:1896–1959 1578:By decade 1527:Insidious 1427:the 1950s 1419:Universal 1338:post-9/11 1330:Holocaust 1306:exorcisms 1293:The Birds 1155:composers 1147:atonality 1090:close-ups 1072:subverted 973:talk page 746:included 658:, shock, 525:beliefs. 519:religious 51:Nosferatu 15330:See also 15299:The Crow 15233:Big hair 14871:The Cure 14752:Category 14634:Thriller 14566:Vampires 14529:Werecats 14437:Monsters 14395:Survival 14363:Werewolf 14353:Jiangshi 14348:Monsters 14333:Japanese 14316:Suburban 14306:Southern 14301:American 14247:Grimdark 14242:Faustian 14200:Cannibal 14152:Podcasts 14032:Anti-war 14010:Thriller 13958:Dystopia 13913:Neo-noir 13814:Disaster 13799:Cannibal 13745:Disaster 13561:Category 13448:One-shot 13312:Abstract 13198:Computer 12882:Lettrist 12777:Dogme 95 12705:Bourekas 12675:Absolute 12615:Northern 12610:Meat pie 12563:Euro War 12558:Anti-war 12424:Rumberas 12345:Mountain 12247:Luchador 12203:Homeland 12191:Shotacon 12164:Suburban 12092:Economic 12053:Disaster 11986:Gangster 11961:Colonial 11951:Cannibal 11912:By theme 11869:Romantic 11824:Thriller 11782:New Wave 11777:Military 11735:Thriller 11703:Romantic 11650:Whodunit 11623:Operetta 11603:Arthouse 11571:Splatter 11466:Cannibal 11456:Arthouse 11439:Suburban 11429:Southern 11402:Neo-noir 11306:Thriller 11200:Animated 11188:Japanese 11156:Romantic 11146:Thriller 11072:Survival 11050:Arthouse 11038:By style 10985:Category 10923:villains 10660:Thailand 10597:Germany 10580:Jiangshi 10569:Cambodia 10516:Splatter 10442:Cannibal 10427:Arthouse 10141:Archived 9967:Monstrum 9920:(2014). 9680:Archived 9641:BioScope 9430:(2013). 8283:41342285 8246:15 April 7958:20701708 7917:31138548 7909:25256169 7820:26994804 7777:53399379 6029:(2): 6. 5971:Collider 5861:24 April 4499:(1968), 4493:(1967), 4440:Americas 4376:Antena 3 4372:Sogecine 4292:99 Women 4285:(1974), 4265:(1968), 4110:Westerns 4105:Hercules 4021:(2005). 4009:such as 4007:Uwe Boll 3913:Caligari 3874:Waxworks 3869:bogeymen 3851:(1923), 3792:'s film 3776:(2008), 3736:arthouse 3501:(2012), 3391:(1979), 3371:(1973). 3324:cinema. 3306:Japanese 3294:Buddhism 3266:folklore 3210:too long 3062:(2000). 3050:(2000), 2925:(1977), 2901:(1975), 2895:(1972), 2804:(2017). 2780:(1896), 2727:(2007). 2694:Thailand 2676:(1973), 2670:(1971), 2664:(1968), 2648:folklore 2601:Candyman 2486:(1986). 2401:Category 2316:Splatter 2271:Cannibal 2261:Arthouse 2120:Thailand 1524:and the 1492:(1998). 1413:(1931). 1320:(1976). 1317:The Omen 1265:sadistic 1249:monsters 938:violence 923:invasion 919:Cold War 816:(1944), 810:(1944), 802:Gaslight 782:(1946), 776:(1946), 770:(1944), 767:Gaslight 764:(1946), 660:suspense 616:Thailand 534:folklore 511:monsters 376:Podcasts 299:Podcasts 287:Timeline 180:Podcasts 15196:Fashion 15078:Toronto 15063:Chicago 14881:Bauhaus 14711:Related 14687:Macabre 14665:Writers 14609:Mystery 14578:Witches 14571:Zombies 14556:Mummies 14519:Piranha 14504:Mutants 14482:Dragons 14477:Chimera 14358:Vampire 14140:History 14044:Western 13928:Romance 13903:Mystery 13898:Musical 13881:Monster 13854:Vampire 13844:Satanic 13839:Natural 13829:Holiday 13782:Fantasy 13770:Slavery 13728:Concert 13543:Z movie 13319:Feature 13255:Collage 13225:B movie 13193:Cartoon 12932:No wave 12600:Florida 12595:Fantasy 12575:Western 12518:Surfing 12506:Eurospy 12476:Slavery 12326:Vampire 12306:Monster 12277:Kung fu 12218:Samurai 12186:Lolicon 12154:Romance 12001:Gong'an 11971:Concert 11956:Chicano 11919:Animals 11807:Western 11762:Fantasy 11720:Fantasy 11698:Reality 11635:Mystery 11613:Jukebox 11598:Musical 11576:Satanic 11566:Slasher 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