Human rights in Uganda

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consider married couples to be co-owners of the land, solely the men of the households are predominantly listed in the ownership documents. The official name, or title, on the ownership documents affects women's true land rights. The Land Act also does not consider customary law procedures, especially in regard to widows' acquisition of their late husband's land. That is to say, women typically do not inherit land from their husband as it is a tradition for men to leave their land to their tribe, not their widow. This trend is a result of attempts to ensure that land remains within the tribe, without risking that women may sell the land to individuals outside of the tribe. Hence, women may have co-ownership of land with her husband, but without secure property rights, a widow may be denied the land of her late-husband.

857:(UPDF), committed acts of sexual and gender based violence. In the displacement camps, there was a high number of gender-based violent acts (i.e. rape, physical assault) performed by LRA and UPDF soldiers but also by family members and acquaintances in the camps as well. During this insurgency period, women are thought to have participated in sexual acts with LRA and UPDF soldiers as a survival technique. Men experiencing conflict-period sexual violence was widespread throughout these years. It was a common military warfare strategy used by the state's soldiers against the Acholi people. In fact, sexual violence against men is often used as a tactic to emasculate or feminize the victims. 695:"On 14 June officers arrested Nsangi Murisidi, aged 29, on suspicion that he had facilitated friends to commit robbery and for alleged possession of a gun. Relatives tried in vain to visit him in detention. On 18 June the lawyer representing the family received confirmation of his death in custody while at the VCCU headquarters at Kireka, a suburb of Kampala. The death certificate established the cause of death as extensive loss of fluid and blood, severe bleeding in the brain and extensive deep burns on the buttocks. The body also bore 14 deep wounds. In October the Minister of Internal Affairs informed AI that an inquiry had been ordered, but no progress was subsequently reported." 503:(UPDF) and put an end to the LRA violence in Uganda. The past conflict in the north of the country decimated the economy, retarded the development of affected areas and led to numerous gross human rights violations. These violations centered upon the poor emergency provision provided to Internally Displaced Persons fleeing their homes to avoid LRA. In the twelve years since the signing of hostilities agreement many of those displaced persons have returned to their homes and a rehabilitation and redevelopment program is underway. It has been acknowledged by both the Ugandan Government and the 824:

demonstrate one ground (i.e. adultery) to the court. In order to petition for divorce, a wife has to prove at least two circumstances (i.e. change of religious affiliation, taking another wife, incestuous or bigamous adultery) to the court. However, the Association of Women Lawyers took the case to court, petitioning that Section 4 was unconstitutional on the basis on discrimination of sex. The Constitutional Court ruled in favor of the Association of Women Lawyers, but the legislature in Uganda has not yet amended the Constitution to adhere to the court's ruling.

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achieved ownership of land through purchasing it themselves, which is a way to circumnavigate co-ownership issues. It is important to note that according to Varieties of Democracy, public opinion surveys show that Ugandans believe that since 1994, several women have private property rights with a minority of the female population enjoying little to no property rights. Additionally, public opinion data illustrates that between the years 1995 and 2017, at least half of the women have most of the available property rights in the country.

4084: 68: 833: 24: 654:" calling for harsher penalties for homosexuals, up to and including death penalty. As originally drafted and tabled this bill also requires that any citizen who suspects another person of being homosexual, is required to report the homosexual to police, or they too may receive a fine or time in prison. The proposed bill goes so far as to forbid landlords from renting to a known homosexual, and would ban any public discussion of homosexuality. 1849: 395: 808:, the legal marriage age for both men and women is eighteen years old. However, there is strong evidence of girls in Uganda quitting school to become a child bride. According to the U.S. Embassy in Uganda, in 2017, Uganda faced one of the highest rates of early marriage globally. It was reported that 40% of girls in Uganda married prior to turning eighteen. In 2017, 10% of Ugandan girls were married before the age of fifteen. 763:

about violations of rights guaranteed by CEDAW. That being said, the Varieties of Democracy public survey data regarding women's civil liberties - an aggregation of the data of freedom of domestic movement, from forced labor, of property rights, and access to justice - shows that between the years 1986 and 2019, the Uganda public believed the majority of women in the country receive a medium to high level of these liberties.

1961: 736: 759:, follows CEDAW policies, securing the right to equality for all people in the political, economic, and social spheres of Uganda. The article further asserts that no person shall experience discrimination because of their sex, race, ethnicity, disability, tribe, religion, socio-economic standing, or political affiliation. 783:

also prohibits gender-based discrimination, granting men and women equal rights. Although the Land Act and various land-rights systems grant women land ownership, there is evidence that these measures do not always properly secure women's property rights in terms of access and management of the land.

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in the country is prevalent and on the rise. The 2016 Uganda Police Force's crime report noted that cases investigating gender-based violence in the country rose by 4% from the previous year. According to the 2018 UN Children's Fund report, 35% of Ugandan women aged 18–24 experienced sexual violence

868:

Several laws and policies (i.e. the Penal Code Act 2007, Domestic Violence Act 2010, Sexual Offense Bill, Marriage Bill) in Uganda dealing with violence against women do not include many aspects of sexual violence, such as marital rape or cohabiting partners. For instance, the Domestic Violence Act

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Uganda has experienced several land reforms over the years, with a significant reform being the 1998 Land Act. Under the Land Act, women are granted equal rights to land in Uganda, allowing them to own land primarily through their fathers, brothers, or husbands. The Land Act prohibits all decisions

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According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, as of 2017, Uganda had not reported its CEDAW implementation status since 2010. Uganda has also not ratified the optional Convention protocol. This optional protocol enables CEDAW committees to receive and process complaints made by signatory constituents

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reintroduced the bill to much controversy. He was however at pains to point out that the provision for death penalty had been decided upon as unnecessary and removed from the bill at committee stage in the 8th parliament. As such, the bill as introduced into the 9th Parliament, had no provision for

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On the 24th day of January 2012 Issac Kasamani, a photo journalist alleged in a newspaper report that he had been shot at by a police officer whilst covering an opposition rally. An independent investigation into this incident was immediately ordered and an independent report completed by a foreign

586:

In 2020, dozens of people were killed by security forces like police and other security organs in the country in different parts in the context of electoral campaigns ahead of the 2021 general elections. Two days after the elections, on 16 January 2021, Meseveni who has been president for 35 years

872:

That being said, Uganda has seen some successes in regard to violence against women. Between the years 2011 and 2017, domestic violence deaths decreased by 54%, according to police crime reports. In 2016, a policy called the National Gender Based Violence (GBV) was implemented. This policy details

823:

The Constitution further states that men and women are entitled to equal rights at all stages of the marriage, even during the dissolution of the marriage. Section 4 of the Divorce act stated that in order to successfully apply for the dissolution of a marriage through the courts, a husband had to

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has run for office three times and been defeated each time. On the occasion of his last defeat (the 2011 elections) Besigye called for all his FDC party members to boycott the parliament and not take up their seats as elected. As party members refused to do this Besigye stood down as party leader.

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Women have enacted strategies in order to make claims on land and to legally own property themselves, despite some customary laws awarding them fewer property rights. In fact, women are increasingly using formal legal systems, like magistrate courts, to gain formal access to land. Women have also

787:

During the 1998 Land Act creation, it was proposed that the government would mandate joint ownership of the land by spouses, but the proposal was not enacted. This act has resulted in the affordance of equal rights to land not necessitating legal co-ownership of the property. For example, reports

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on the situation of human rights defenders; Special Rapporteur on the issue of human rights obligations relating to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment; Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression and Special

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Women in Uganda have been champions of equal property rights for women, pastoralists, and various other marginalized groups. Women have also actively participated in organizations (i.e. The Uganda Land Alliance, The Uganda Association of Women Lawyers) who are actively fighting for marginalized

672:

This bill remains highly criticised and controversial. It has again been met with widespread condemnation. The Ugandan government in replying to this condemnation issued a statement citing the fact that the bill was a private members bill and that it did not have the support of the government.

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is legal in Uganda and is the traditional act of the groom paying for his bride with money, cattle, or goods. In 2007, a non-governmental organization brought the issue of bride price to the Constitutional Court citing concerns about the constitutionality of the custom, but the court held the

913:

among other activities. Instances of child labor have also been observed in the mining industry (brick making and charcoal production) and in the services sector. Categorical forms of child labor in Uganda included sexual and military exploitation. In December 2014, the department issued a

457:

report by Freedom House has identified Uganda as a country considered to be "Not Free".There are several areas of concern when it comes to human rights in Uganda, and the "Not Free" classification is due to both low political rights and civil liberties rankings.

635:

In November 2012, John Ssegawa, co-director of the critical State of the Nation play reported that Uganda's Media Council had decided to ban further showings. Ssegawa said the theatre production company would continue to stage the production and defy the ban.

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Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association on human rights confronted the government of Uganda with its arrest of 8 members of AFIEGO and spoke to the criminalization and intimidation of NGOs working on oil and gas issues.

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have trended for the past decades towards increasing harassment of the opposition, cracking down on NGOs which work on election and term limits, corruption, land rights, environmental issues, womens, children and gay rights. In 2012, the

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Besigye has identified several incidents whereby his political freedom was violated. Notably in 2011 he was placed under preventative arrest, however he was immediately released as this arrest was deemed unlawful by the Ugandan Courts.

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In August 2015, the leaders of Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Uganda, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and South Sudan met in Kampala, Uganda to discuss how they document and prosecute sexual violence in their respective

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newspaper was temporarily closed by the army and police. Journalists from the paper continued to come under attack in 2004, two of whom were publicly denounced as "rebel collaborators" by a spokesman for the UPDF.

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Since various rebel groups started fighting the Government of President Yoweri Museveni in August 1986, about 2 million Ugandans were displaced and tens of thousands killed. Since 1987 the

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on July 22, 1985. Countries that chose to ratify CEDAW had one year to submit a formal report to the convention and are required to file one every four years after the first report. The

923:

In 2020, in Kampala, the impact caused by COVID-19 and the closure of schools pushed many children into exploitive child labor which is also fueled by inadequate government assistance.

4953: 4949: 3982:"Part advocacy group, part research institution, part legal aid clinic, part trainer and educator", a leading Ugandan organisation working with refugees and the conflict in the North 901:

in 2013. However, underage children continue to engage in strenuous activities mostly in the agricultural sector and in commercial sexual exploitation. The Department's report

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expressed concern over the standards of reporting surrounding the incident and announced his intention to look closely at media regulation. This is of international concern.

683:

Following the tightening of the bill several western industrial nations, among others Sweden, the United States and the Netherlands have suspended their aid to Uganda. The

4805: 2904: 212: 4936: 4932: 4923: 4914: 2064: 657:

The international community was greatly opposed to the introduction of this bill and expressed concerns about the fact that it may become law, indeed U.S. President

2929: 599:(NUP) had 34.8% of the total votes. Kyagulanyi filed a legal challenge with the supreme Court but on 22 February, withdrew claiming that the judges were biased. 4910: 2979: 2433: 811:

During the creation of the Ugandan Constitution, the cultural practice of bride price was debated, with the Constituent Assembly ruling against its abolition.

2758: 916: 561: 4880: 4650: 467: 2807:

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/uganda/9071861/Uganda-government-We-dont-support-reintroduction-of-anti-gay-bill.html'

2083:"Abducted children and youth in Lord's Resistance Army in Northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): mechanisms of indoctrination and control" 2663: 2213: 3893: 2579: 2283: 518:(ICC) for a wide range of sexual and Gender-based crimes, 70 crimes in number committed between 1 July 2002 and 31 December 2005 in Northern Uganda. 2604: 920:

where 10 goods were listed under the country of Uganda. These included bricks, cattle, charcoal, coffee, fish, rice, sugarcane, tea and tobacco.

2954: 3140: 873:

the responsibilities of the various government sectors in stopping and responding to sexual violence. A program through GBV has partnered with

345: 3004: 4795: 4635: 3962: 755:

mandates that signatories abolish discrimination against women and implement policies that further women's equal rights. Article 21 of the

579:

After a heavily contested 2016 election campaign, Museveni was re-elected into office. While his re-election was independently verified by

507:

that this is a work in progress and that considerable improvements must be made. In this regard a rehabilitation program has been launched

432: 167: 2332: 3462: 2880: 2238: 3626:"Bride Wealth (Price) and Women's Marriage - Related Rights in Uganda: A Historical Constitutional Perspective and Current Developments" 2522: 2635: 2480: 2269: 845:

sees individuals experiencing conflict-period sexual violence between the years 1986–2006. It has been reported that both sides of the

2710: 680:

signed the '"Anti Homosexuality Bill" into law. The following day the tabloid "Red Pepper" published a list of 200 allegedly gay men.

4655: 2727: 2357: 2071:, An Amnesty International article discusses a 2008 agreement between the government and the LRA to try LRA leaders for their crimes. 3839: 3078: 3826: 698:

In 2020, security forces including police, army(UPDF) and the Local Defense Forces used extensive, unnecessary and at some points

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national concluded that no live ammunition was fired on the date in question. Upon release of this report Ugandan Minister Hon.

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indicates that 30% of children aged 5 to 14 are working children and that 95% of them work in the agricultural sector, picking

376: 3288: 405: 4426: 3116: 3029: 706:

and not less than 66 people were killed from March 2020 onwards and around 12 killed because of violating lockdown measures.

363: 359: 3698:"Domestic accountability for sexual violence: The potential of specialized units in Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Uganda" 1867: 556:

In April 2005, two opposition Member of Parliament were arrested on what were believed to be politically motivated charges.

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provides clarity on the issue of family rights and issues fourteen recommendations on these rights in its text. Under the

4236: 2048: 860:

Uganda has implemented laws and policies in an attempt to protect the victims and survivors of sexual violence. However,

320: 4160: 4104: 3489:"Minimum Marriage Age Laws and the Prevalence Of Child Marriage and Adolescent Birth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa" 471: 229: 2742: 617:

In February 2004, the Supreme Court ruled the offence of "publication of false news" to be void and unconstitutional.

4670: 4124: 4068: 2003: 784:

One reason for this being customary law in Uganda and its tendency to award women fewer rights to property than men.

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Customary rules hold much significance in Ugandan society, especially in regard to land tenure and property rights.

4525: 4226: 4020: 3864: 854: 651: 500: 425: 110: 1971: 661:

called it 'odious'. As a result of mounting international pressure the bill never proceeded past committee stage.

4984: 4241: 4053: 2818: 568:(FDC), the movement believed to pose the greatest threat to the reelection of President Yoweri Museveni in 2006. 865:

before the age of eighteen. There are also a plethora of cases of sexual violence in the country go unreported.

820:

ruled it illegal for a groom to ask for a refund of the bride price in the case of the dissolution of marriage.

4962: 588: 315: 3232: 4710: 4187: 3667: 2771: 2389: 534: 305: 300: 295: 2837: 2671: 4820: 4810: 4615: 4320: 4119: 2583: 515: 2611: 4825: 4715: 4645: 4391: 4376: 4182: 4000: 1932: 1882: 1862: 906: 861: 565: 483: 453:

sponsored Humanitarian Profile – 2012 said Uganda made considerable developments Since at least 2013 the

418: 333: 3396:"Who Owns the Land? Perspectives from Rural Ugandans and Implications for Large-Scale Land Acquisitions" 583:, Amnesty did express concerns over alleged election violence and freedom of press restrictions. though 4885: 4770: 4755: 4740: 4695: 4630: 4565: 4349: 4315: 4760: 4494: 4214: 4058: 3260:"Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women" 850: 499:

In 2006 a cessation of hostilities agreement was signed due to a successful campaign executed by the

489: 197: 3535: 4860: 4835: 4685: 4680: 4660: 4625: 4610: 4366: 4197: 4129: 2930:"Ugandan novelist Rukirabashaija released on bail, recovering from 'torture' after insulting tweet" 1981: 894: 135: 123: 3395: 4845: 4815: 4800: 4785: 4775: 4765: 4730: 4725: 4675: 4620: 4595: 4114: 4063: 4036: 3973: 3949: 842: 817: 714: 596: 192: 3943: 2692: 2547: 2284:"Uganda: Dominic Ongwen convicted by the ICC for a wide range of sexual and gender-based crimes" 2027: 4855: 4790: 4745: 4705: 4600: 4581: 4406: 4371: 4330: 4282: 4167: 4109: 4083: 3993: 3697: 1917: 805: 801: 780: 756: 268: 260: 81: 2308:"Dominic Ongwen declared guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Uganda" 779:

related to property that result in the refusal of land rights to women. Furthermore, the 1995

4830: 4780: 4735: 4720: 4700: 4690: 4665: 4605: 4558: 4267: 4221: 3938: 3789:"Displacement from gendered personhood: sexual violence and masculinities in northern Uganda" 2245: 645: 580: 544: 381: 2905:"PEN prize-winning Ugandan novelist Kakwenza Rukirabashaija illegally detained and tortured" 4840: 4750: 4640: 4172: 2358:"'Very disturbing': crackdown on oil pipeline protests in Uganda concerns UN rights expert" 932: 609: 454: 202: 160: 8: 4421: 4416: 4396: 4381: 4335: 4231: 4192: 4177: 4092: 4048: 3843: 2334:

Former Ugandan rebel commander Dominic Ongwen guilty of war crimes: ICC | DW | 04.02.2021

1877: 957: 751:, however, submitted its formal CEDAW report five years after ratification, in 1990. The 557: 527: 281: 244: 106: 3788: 3744: 2711:"Ban on Uganda's critical State of the Nation play has no legal basis, says co-director" 2062:

https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/uganda-strikes-deal-lra-trials-20080220

37:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

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considers legalized marriage but does not address violence among cohabiting couples.

592: 239: 147: 3729: 3259: 2859: 4454: 4386: 4307: 4287: 3800: 3756: 3709: 3637: 3555: 3547: 3500: 3407: 3349: 3338:"Recent Changes in Women's Land Rights and Contested Customary Law in South Africa" 3296: 3206: 2980:"Detained Ugandan satirical novelist displays signs of torture on brief home visit" 2177: 2112: 2094: 772:

communities' rights and who are questioning Ugandan customary land tenure as well.

710: 702:

force to enforce social distancing and other measures that were laid out to combat

371: 140: 3551: 2693:"Uganda Media Centre - MINISTRY OF ICT AND NATIONAL GUIDANCE - REPUBLIC OF UGANDA" 1940:, Lord of All the Beasts of the Earth and Fishes of the Seas and Conqueror of the 753:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)

745:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)

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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

514:, a former child soldier and one of the leaders of the LRA was convicted by the 4277: 3958: 3512: 1985: 1941: 1936: 1923: 874: 511: 504: 172: 3713: 3488: 2099: 4978: 4539: 3889: 3812: 3768: 3721: 3649: 3569: 3419: 3363: 3218: 3126: 2369: 2214:"Annan welcomes cessation of hostilities agreement between Uganda and rebels" 2191: 2108: 1854: 936: 721:

and his son. He is said to have been tortured in custody by security forces.

572: 493: 399: 128: 3641: 3210: 3155:"Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women" 3108:

Weeding the millet field : women's law and grassroots justice in Uganda

897:, Uganda has made significant advancement in eliminating the worst forms of 533:

In 2016, the NGO Act created obstacles for people to organize themselves in

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References need titles, authors, publishers, and dates in addition to URLs.

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In 2005, Uganda was rated as the 13th most free press of 48 countries in

67: 3804: 540:

In August 2021, Uganda arbitrarily suspended the activities of 54 NGOs.

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In October 2009, a bill was tabled in the Ugandan Parliament entitled "

629: 450: 349: 2081:

Kelly, Jocelyn TD; Branham, Lindsay; Decker, Michele R. (2016-05-18).

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postponed a $ 90 million loan to Uganda's health system over the law.

3745:"Confronting the Reality of Gender-based Violence in Northern Uganda" 3005:"Award-winning Ugandan Writer Charged for Offending Museveni and Son" 3827:

Violence against Children in Uganda: Findings from a National Survey

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Lakhani, Nina; reporter, Nina Lakhani climate justice (2023-10-19).

624:

In 2010, Uganda was rated the 15th most free press of 48 countries.

3979: 3463:"Uganda: Violence against women unabated despite laws and policies" 976: 882: 703: 3985: 3534:

Wodon, Quentin; Nguyen, Minh Cong; Tsimpo, Clarence (2016-01-02).

3195:"The Right to Equality at the Dissolution of a Marriage in Uganda" 3394:

Doss, Cheryl; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth; Bomuhangi, Allan (2014-01-02).

2881:"Detained Ugandan satirical novelist tortured in custody: Lawyer" 4464: 4073: 4016: 931:

The following is a chart of Uganda's ratings since 1972 in the

878: 699: 4474: 3668:"Uganda Supreme Court rules on bride price | DW | 06.08.2015" 2580:"Uganda: Freedom of the press upheld - Amnesty International" 1920: 717:

was arrested over allegations of being a critic of President

521: 3922:, Freedom House, 24 January 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014. 3493:

International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health

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which stated that he had 58.6% of the total votes, and that

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members to improve gender-based violence in the regions of

3054:"Ugandan author of The Greedy Barbarian detained - lawyer" 2166:""They forget what they came for": Uganda's army in Sudan" 3840:"Uganda, 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor" 3393: 2569:

Uganda Country Report. Home Office, United Kingdom. 2005.

2496:"Refworld. Amnesty International Report 2016/17 - Uganda" 526:

In 2010, community opposition against plans to build the

2141:"The never-ending pursuit of the Lord's Resistance Army" 735: 492:(LRA) kidnapped an estimated 67,000 children for use as 2413: 3104: 917:

List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor

571:

The most prominent opposition to President Museveni,

3030:"Ugandan novelist granted bail 4 weeks after arrest" 2838:"World Bank postpones Uganda loan over anti-gay law" 2055: 1844: 690: 468:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

3825:Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development. 3630:

International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family

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International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family

530:led to repression against environmental activists. 3743:Okello, Moses Chrispus; Hovil, Lucy (2007-12-01). 2955:"Ugandan novelist Kakwenza badly tortured: lawyer" 2856:"Source: Amnesty International Annual Report 2004" 2545: 2080: 3536:"Child Marriage, Education, and Agency in Uganda" 3533: 2772:"Obama condemns Uganda anti-gay bill as "odious"" 4976: 2494:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 3865:"Uganda: Covid-19 Pandemic Fueling Child Labor" 2664:"Police to inquire into shooting at journalist" 2355: 2022: 2020: 816:legality of the practice. In 2015, though, the 3665: 2778:. 4 February 2010 – via www.reuters.com. 2330: 1868:Internet censorship and surveillance in Uganda 4566: 4001: 3888: 3749:International Journal of Transitional Justice 1944:in Africa in General and Uganda in Particular 1256: Yoweri Museveni 639: 426: 2390:"Uganda: Harassment of Civil Society Groups" 2351: 2349: 2017: 713:International Writer award winning novelist 3894:"Country ratings and status, FIW 1973-2012" 3742: 2052:(PDF), Freedom House. Retrieved 2020-10-29. 1907:From 1977 to 1979, Amin titled himself as " 4580: 4573: 4559: 4008: 3994: 3487:Maswikwa; Richter; Kaufman; Nandi (2015). 3139:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3105:Okumu Wengi, Jennifer (29 December 2011). 2835: 909:and tea, growing rice, herding cattle and 903:Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor 522:Repression against environmental activists 433: 419: 3695: 3559: 3353: 3335: 2733: 2346: 2288:International Federation for Human Rights 2181: 2163: 2116: 2098: 2004:Learn how and when to remove this message 1130: Partly Free 587:was declared presidential winner by the 831: 734: 477: 3457: 2382: 602: 4977: 3970:Testimony of Abducted Ugandan Children 3882: 3786: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3623: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3193:Mujuzi, Jamil Ddamulira (2019-05-25). 3192: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 2634:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2479:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2268:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2028:"Humanitarian Profile - 2012 - Uganda" 926: 4554: 3989: 3702:International Review of the Red Cross 3691: 3689: 3687: 3661: 3659: 3619: 3617: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3254: 3252: 3100: 3098: 2836:Yukhananov, Anna (27 February 2014). 2759:"US slams Uganda's new anti-gay bill" 2721: 2517: 2515: 2434:"Uganda: Key Opposition MPs Arrested" 2414:UN Special Rapporteurs (2022-01-24). 2043: 2041: 795: 2493: 1954: 551: 198:Court of Appeal/Constitutional Court 17: 4015: 3974:When the Sun Sets We Start to Worry 3775: 3434: 3370: 3310: 3276: 3171: 2752: 2740:"Uganda Considers New Anti-Gay Law" 13: 3976:UN-collected accounts of brutality 3829:(PDF), 2015. Retrieved 2020-10-29. 3684: 3656: 3614: 3584: 3249: 3095: 2512: 2487: 2170:Journal of Eastern African Studies 2038: 841:The history of sexual violence in 827: 766: 472:International Bill of Human Rights 14: 4996: 3928: 3696:Seelinger, Kim Thuy (June 2014). 3597:"Women's Rights Are Human Rights" 2790:"Uganda MP revives anti-gay bill" 2546:Human Rights Watch (2021-12-22), 2164:Schomerus, Mareike (2012-02-01). 724: 691:Abuses by Ugandan security forces 466:In 1995, Uganda signed on to the 4881:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 4651:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4082: 3944:Freedom in the World 2011 Report 3336:Claassens, Aninka (2012-12-12). 2728:"Homosexuals face death penalty" 1959: 1847: 393: 66: 22: 3959:Freedom of Expression in Uganda 3909: 3857: 3832: 3819: 3736: 3527: 3480: 3225: 3147: 3071: 3046: 3022: 2997: 2972: 2947: 2922: 2897: 2873: 2848: 2829: 2811: 2800: 2782: 2764: 2703: 2685: 2656: 2642: 2597: 2572: 2563: 2539: 2448: 2426: 2407: 2324: 2300: 935:reports, published annually by 743:Ugandan officials ratified the 4054:Early independence (1962–1971) 3787:Schulz, Philipp (2018-09-01). 3666:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. 3233:"Implementing CEDAW in Uganda" 2650:"Freedom of the Press: Uganda" 2331:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche, 2276: 2231: 2206: 2157: 2133: 2074: 1903: 1895: 888: 676:On 24 February 2014 President 607:In late 2002, the independent 535:non-governmental organizations 1: 3552:10.1080/13545701.2015.1102020 1950: 855:Uganda People's Defense Force 664:On 7 March 2012 backbench MP 501:Uganda Peoples Defence Forces 3624:Mujuzi, J. 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(2010-08-30). 3412:10.1080/13545701.2013.855320 2844:– via www.reuters.com. 2183:10.1080/17531055.2012.664707 1820: 1803: 1786: 1769: 1752: 1735: 1718: 1701: 1684: 1667: 1650: 1633: 1616: 1599: 1582: 1565: 1548: 1531: 1514: 1497: 1480: 1463: 1446: 1429: 1412: 1395: 1378: 1361: 1344: 1327: 1310: 1293: 1276: 1259: 1242: 1225: 1206: 1189: 1172: 1155: 1138: 1119: 1100: 1083: 1066: 1049: 1032: 1015: 998: 981: 962: 652:Anti-Homosexuality Bill 2009 516:International Criminal Court 7: 4427:Water supply and sanitation 1883:List of massacres in Uganda 1863:Human trafficking in Uganda 1840: 566:Forum for Democratic Change 484:Conflict in Northern Uganda 341:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 10: 5001: 3342:Journal of Agrarian Change 1821: 1804: 1787: 1770: 1753: 1736: 1719: 1702: 1685: 1668: 1651: 1634: 1617: 1600: 1583: 1566: 1549: 1532: 1515: 1498: 1481: 1464: 1447: 1430: 1413: 1396: 1379: 1362: 1345: 1328: 1311: 1294: 1277: 1260: 1243: 1226: 1207: 1190: 1173: 1156: 1139: 1120: 1101: 1084: 1067: 1050: 1033: 1016: 999: 982: 963: 939:. 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The reason given is: 715:Kakwenza Rukirabashaija 597:National Unity Platform 470:, which is part of the 4985:Human rights in Uganda 3601:U.S. Embassy in Uganda 2523:"Uganda 2020 Archives" 948:Political Rights 851:Lord's Resistance Army 838: 806:Constitution of Uganda 802:Constitution of Uganda 781:Constitution of Uganda 757:Constitution of Uganda 740: 490:Lord's Resistance Army 461: 446:Human rights in Uganda 360:Diplomatic missions of 4796:São Tomé and Príncipe 4656:Republic of the Congo 3939:Amnesty International 3793:International Affairs 3642:10.1093/lawfam/ebq009 3211:10.1093/lawfam/ebz005 2697:www.mediacentre.go.ug 2527:Amnesty International 951:Civil Liberties 835: 818:Ugandan Supreme Court 738: 729:Further information: 646:LGBT rights in Uganda 581:Amnesty International 545:UN Special Rapporteur 478:Conflict in the north 4059:Idi Amin (1971–1979) 3083:tbinternet.ohchr.org 2819:"Deadly intolerance" 933:Freedom in the World 603:Freedom of the press 589:Electoral Commission 455:Freedom in the World 316:Electoral Commission 4871:States with limited 4064:Uganda–Tanzania War 3980:Refugee Law Project 3968:Midnight's Children 3761:10.1093/ijtj/ijm036 2087:Conflict and Health 2034:. 26 December 2011. 1878:Education in Uganda 927:Historical rankings 669:the death penalty. 562:Michael Nyeko Ocula 558:Ronald Reagan Okumu 528:Uganda Oil Refinery 4321:Telecommunications 3954:Human Rights Watch 3946:, by Freedom House 3935:2012 Annual Report 3869:Human Rights Watch 3540:Feminist Economics 3400:Feminist Economics 3355:10.1111/joac.12007 3111:. Nairobi, Kenya. 2796:. 7 February 2012. 2745:2010-01-05 at the 2717:. 1 November 2012. 2394:Human Rights Watch 2067:2014-08-11 at the 1914:President for Life 1873:Politics of Uganda 839: 796:Rights in marriage 749:Ugandan government 741: 709:On 28 Dec 2021, a 622:Sub-Saharan Africa 59:Politics of Uganda 4972: 4971: 4898:other territories 4671:Equatorial Guinea 4548: 4547: 4508: 4507: 4392:Human trafficking 4377:Domestic violence 4344: 4343: 4250: 4249: 4237:Political parties 4183:Foreign relations 4143: 4142: 4074:Uganda since 1986 3950:World Report 2012 3916:"Release Booklet" 3805:10.1093/ia/iiy146 3118:978-9966-031-86-0 3011:. 11 January 2022 2885:www.aljazeera.com 2761:, 25 October 2009 2749:, 25 October 2009 2730:, 25 October 2009 2444:on 27 April 2005. 2014: 2013: 2006: 1939: 1929: 1838: 1837: 893:According to the 862:domestic violence 593:Robert Kyagulanyi 552:Political freedom 443: 442: 400:Uganda portal 377:Visa requirements 334:Foreign relations 321:Political parties 288:Recent elections 207:Magistrate Courts 52: 51: 4992: 4959: 4958:(United Kingdom) 4954:Tristan da Cunha 4950:Ascension Island 4942: 4929: 4920: 4896:Dependencies and 4589:Sovereign states 4575: 4568: 4561: 4552: 4551: 4528: 4521: 4480: 4470: 4355: 4354: 4311: 4261: 4260: 4154: 4153: 4105:Cities and towns 4098: 4097: 4086: 4037:Early (pre-1894) 4010: 4003: 3996: 3987: 3986: 3923: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3876: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3842:. 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