570:
1392:
1372:
410:
756:
390:
1408:
483:
332:
736:
1360:
1424:
1189:
1246:
788:
942:
670:
1278:
958:
1070:
1030:
1050:
1344:
992:
974:
1226:
1012:
1490:
1096:
454:
1947:
1481:
592:
505:
419:
1985:
1958:
647:
620:
603:
543:
516:
460:
431:
1997:
1441:
615:
555:
1969:
1964:
1952:
1942:
1937:
631:
626:
597:
587:
582:
527:
522:
510:
500:
495:
449:
438:
425:
43:
1991:
1980:
1975:
1435:
642:
637:
609:
549:
538:
533:
444:
569:
389:
322:
in Bodh Gaya, suggesting with other finds of Kushan coins in the area that Kushan rule may have extended this far east. His reign seems to have been essentially peaceful, consolidating Kushan power in northern India, and moving the centre of the Kushan Empire to the southern capital city of
Mathura.
1321:
One of the great remaining puzzles of
Huvishka's reign is the devaluation of his coinage. Early in his reign the copper coinage plunged in weight from a standard of 16g to about 10–11g. The quality and weight then continued to decline throughout the reign until at the start of the reign of Vasudeva
409:
755:
482:
2004:) on the 8th day of the 1st summer (month), a Bodhisattva was set up at Madhuravanaka by the nun Dhanavati, the sister's daughter of the nun Buddhamitra, who knows the Tripitaka, a female pupil of the monk Bala, who knows the Tripitaka, together with her mother and father....". in
1322:
the standard coin (a tetradrachm) weighed only 9g. The devaluation led to a massive production of imitations, and an economic demand for the older, pre-devaluation coins in the
Gangetic valley. However, the motivation and some of the details of this devaluation are still unknown.
1371:
2238:), the consort of Shiva. Their use as reverse types of Huvishka I is clear evidence for the new trends in religious policy of the Kushan king, which was possibly influenced by enlisting Indian warriors into the Kushan army during the campaign against Pataliputra." in
2234:"Also omitted is the ancient Iranian war god Orlagno, whose place and function are occupied by a group of Indian war gods, Skando (Old Indian Skanda), Komaro (Old Indian Kumara), Maaseno (Old Indian Mahāsena), Bizago (Old Indian Viśākha), and even Ommo (Old Indian
1391:
1188:
1301:
The coinage of
Huvishka is characterized by a great variety of designs and the large quantity of gold coins that were minted: more gold coins from Huvishka are known than from all other Kushan rulers combined. The locations of his mints were mainly in
1836:
787:
1407:
1423:
735:
1245:
1851:
373:
941:
48:
Coin of
Huvishka. Legend in Kushan language and Greek script (with the Kushan letter Ϸ "sh"): ϷΑΟΝΑΝΟϷΑΟ ΟΟΗϷΚΙ ΚΟϷΑΝΟ ("Shaonanoshao Ooishki Koshano"): "King of kings, Huvishka the Kushan".
1359:
1911:
Early
Buddhist Art of China and Central Asia, Volume 3: The Western Ch'in in Kansu in the Sixteen Kingdoms Period and Inter-relationships with the Buddhist Art of Gandhara
1808:
Early
Buddhist Art of China and Central Asia, Volume 3: The Western Ch'in in Kansu in the Sixteen Kingdoms Period and Inter-relationships with the Buddhist Art of Gandh?ra
715:, this coin suggests that Huvishka had a strong orientation towards Roman Egypt, which may have been an important market for the products coming from the Kushan Empire.
2422:"The name Riom as read by Gardner, was read by Cunningham as Ride, who equated it with Riddhi, the Indian goddess of fortune. F.W. Thomas has read the name as Rhea" in
2142:"The name Riom as read by Gardner, was read by Cunningham as Ride, who equated it with Riddhi, the Indian goddess of fortune. F.W. Thomas has read the name as Rhea" in
1049:
1069:
957:
3669:
Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and
Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan
1277:
1182:), the consort of Siva. This could suggest an evolution toward Indian deities among the Kushans, possibly motivated by the enlisting of Indian warriors.
3190:
1029:
3494:
3490:
3502:
656:
383:
Huvishka is widely attested to have supported
Buddhism, but the Buddha does not appear on his coinage, possibly out of respect to the Buddha.
3362:
3241:
3237:
3198:
3182:
3105:
1225:
3229:
3221:
3214:
1137:, it may have been incorporated into Kushan coinage when the Kushans expanded into Yaudheya territory in order to establish control of the
2277:
Indian
Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.-A.D. 700, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Pratapaditya Pal, University of California Press, 1986, p.78
1343:
3194:
3137:
3133:
973:
3125:
3039:
3587:
Richard Salomon (July–September 1996). "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman".
3233:
2504:
2110:. The reading of the name of the deity on this last coin is very much uncertain and disputed (Riom, Riddhi, Rishthi, Rise....) in
2107:
1660:
837:. He also issued numerous coins in the name of these deities. Many more Iranian deities are also known from his coinage, such as
718:
355:. The statue is dated to "the 28th year of the reign of Huvishka", and dedicated to "Amitabha Buddha" by a family of merchants.
2492:
2300:
2251:
2216:
2189:
2054:
1919:
1892:
1816:
3705:
2390:
The reading of the name of the deity on this coin is very much uncertain and disputed (Riom, Riddhi, Rishthi, Rise....) in
2016:
991:
2069:
2567:
488:
Fragment of a Bodhisattva sculpture inscribed "in the year 33" (𑀲𑀁𑁝𑁔) of "the Great King, son of God, Huvishka" (
310:, locations where it is known that he minted his coinage. Gold coins and amulets in his effigy were found as far as
1704:, Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. II, Part I. Calcutta: Government of India Central Publication Branch, p. 167
331:
699:
Huvishka also incorporates in his coins for the first and only time in Kushan coinage the Hellenistic-Egyptian
575:
Pedestal of a Buddha statue, with inscription in the name of Huvishka "in the year 45" (𑀲𑀁𑁞𑁔). Starts with
2485:
3614:
Richard Salomon (1995) . "A Kharosthī Reliquary Inscription of the Time of the Apraca Prince Visnuvarma".
3710:
1653:
694:
1011:
2545:
1759:
3700:
351:, on the bottom part of a 2nd-century statue which has been found in Govindo-Nagar, and now at the
2316:
669:
3117:
2373:
2081:
1837:"The Inscription on the Kuṣān Image of Amitābha and the Charakter of the Early Mahāyāna in India"
859:
3265:
1646:
2290:
2241:
2179:
2044:
1882:
1141:
area. It may also have been adopted as a way to appease the warlike Yaudheyas. In effect, the
3512:
3368:
3253:
2773:
2757:
2560:
2278:
2206:
1909:
1806:
1715:
339:
Huvishka was the son of Kanishka. His reign is also known as the golden age of Kushan rule.
3309:
319:
8:
3438:
2441:
814:
347:
The reign of Huvishka corresponds with the first known epigraphic evidence of the Buddha
294:
His rule was a period of consolidation for the Empire. Huvishka's territory encompassed
3596:
3297:
2669:
2502:
2405:
2125:
1747:
686:
367:
3575:
2490:
2355:
2296:
2247:
2212:
2185:
2050:
1915:
1888:
1812:
359:
139:
3623:
2854:
2553:
2347:
2266:
1787:
1509:
1432:
elephant capital with inscription of "Huvishka in the year 39". Detail of the name
1082:
932:
722:
3627:
399:" inscription: inscribed pedestal with the first known occurrence of the name of "
3408:
3206:
2962:
2743:
2710:
2508:
2496:
2425:
2145:
469:
400:
287:(assumed on the best evidence available to be in 150 CE) until the succession of
229:
3129:
1934:
The inscription reads: "In the year 33 of the Maharaja, the Devaputra Huvishka (
3551:
3465:
3400:
3249:
3007:
2922:
2706:
2676:
2662:
2480:
2006:
1682:
1619:
1529:
1414:
1365:
Painting of a Kushan ruler (probably Huvishka, seated) and attendants, Bactria.
560:
352:
189:
3694:
3453:
3424:
3093:
2848:
2640:
2635:
2615:
2576:
2527:
2462:
2359:
1609:
1464:
1133:, whose epithet was "Mahasena". This god being particularly important to the
1036:
914:
652:
473:
280:
237:
32:
2351:
1791:
3486:
3404:
3396:
3357:
3337:
3210:
3109:
3101:
3089:
3060:
2695:
2340:
Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
1780:
Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
1589:
1429:
1350:
1268:
1175:
1778:
Marshak, Boris; Grenet, Frantz (2006). "Une peinture kouchane sur toile".
1489:
1413:
Naga statue with inscription of "the 40th year of the reign of Huvishka".
273:
265:
250:
242:
3382:
3274:
3035:
2778:
2762:
2719:
2699:
2650:
2610:
1599:
1569:
886:
878:
793:
Possible depiction of "Roma Aeterna". The legend has been variously read
674:
311:
147:
3325:
2409:
2394:"The Introduction of the Greek Uncial and Cursive Characters into India"
2393:
2129:
2114:"The Introduction of the Greek Uncial and Cursive Characters into India"
2113:
1579:
741:
Another coin of Huvishka holding a scepter, with, on the reverse, deity
3202:
3161:
2974:
2868:
2824:
2809:
2737:
2537:
1697:
1559:
1519:
1126:
998:
909:
708:
288:
144:
86:
63:
3600:
1946:
1159:
1095:
591:
504:
3558:
3517:
3498:
3428:
3420:
3113:
3097:
3085:
3065:
2966:
2895:
2874:
2830:
2797:
2768:
2731:
2714:
2619:
2575:
2398:
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
2118:
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
1480:
1288:
1260:
1256:
1236:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1130:
1077:
927:
453:
418:
380:
are also thought to portray Huvishka making donations to the Buddha.
315:
257:
3667:
2335:
1737:
1162:, he also added several Indian war gods, such as Skando (Old Indian
707:, "Sarapo"). Since Serapis was the supreme deity of the pantheon of
3532:
3186:
3071:
3045:
3030:
2999:
2784:
2725:
2630:
2606:
2520:
2013:
Another similar inscription mentions "Huvihska in the year 26". in
1996:
1984:
1957:
1629:
1539:
1440:
1398:
1307:
1158:) on some of his coinage. In replacement of the Iranian god of war
1134:
1118:
964:
825:
774:
646:
619:
614:
602:
554:
542:
515:
459:
430:
424:
396:
377:
363:
348:
284:
217:
199:
76:
1990:
1979:
1974:
1434:
1148:
In a departure from his predecessor Kanishka, Huvishka also added
641:
636:
608:
548:
537:
532:
443:
3026:
2803:
2645:
1968:
1963:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1499:
1315:
1311:
1142:
1138:
1122:
1114:
904:
897:
the victorious") also appears. Other Zoroastrian deities include
864:
742:
700:
678:
630:
625:
596:
586:
581:
526:
521:
509:
499:
494:
448:
437:
335:
Relief probably showing Huvishka making a donation to the Buddha.
303:
299:
184:
174:
110:
42:
1844:
The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies
3225:
2901:
2835:
2625:
1720:. Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Bihar. p. 52-53.
1019:
981:
948:
899:
830:
819:
813:
Huvishka is also known to have included Iranian deities in his
799:
726:
370:
describes Huvishka as one who has "set forth in the Mahāyāna."
2235:
1766:
1199:
1179:
2928:
2600:
1303:
1209:
1204:
1155:
1150:
1106:
1101:
894:
869:
844:
839:
712:
307:
295:
98:
1702:
Kharoshṭhī Inscriptions with the Exception of Those of Aśoka
358:
There is also some evidence that Huvishka was a follower of
874:
1117:, where provisions were made for hospitality towards the
1056:
918:
854:
849:
123:
1714:
Sinha, Bindeshwari Prasad; Narain, Lala Aditya (1970).
1401:, inscribed "reign of Huvishka" (or possibly Kanishka).
1125:
on his coins, the Kushan incarnation of the Hindu god
318:, including one such amulet as an offering under the
2208:
Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices
1145:became the suzerains of the Yaudheyas in the area.
1063:). The lunar crescent appears behind the shoulders.
963:Coin of Kushan ruler Huvishka diademed, with deity
947:Coin of Kushan ruler Huvishka diademed, with deity
403:" in the "year 26" (153 CE, first year of Huvishka)
817:. Between 164 and 174, he established a temple to
3692:
3613:
3586:
1869:Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks.
1113:Huvishka is known to have restored a temple in
3665:
2184:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 327–328.
1377:Coin of Huvishka 126–163, with Kushan goddess
1121:. Some of the coins of Huvishka also featured
657:Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya
2561:
2333:
1777:
1654:
2317:"Ommo-Oesho coin of Huvishka British Museum"
2288:
2239:
2177:
2042:
1880:
1349:Kushan king or prince, said to be Huvishka,
2499:Was Huvishka sole king of the Kushan Empire
2289:Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999).
2240:Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999).
2178:Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999).
2043:Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999).
1881:Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999).
1713:
2568:
2554:
2511:The Devaluation of the Coinage of Kanishka
1661:
1647:
729:" (Greek: ΡΙϷΤ), or "Riom" (Greek: ΡΙΟΜ).
41:
2295:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326.
2246:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326.
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2049:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326.
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2021:. D. K. Printworld Pvt. Ltd. p. 142.
1887:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 327.
1735:
769:, "King of kings, Huvishka the Kushan").
3661:
3659:
3657:
3589:Journal of the American Oriental Society
2467:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XII, Fasc. 6
2292:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
2243:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
2181:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
2098:Mario Bussagli, "L'Art du Gandhara", 225
2046:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
1884:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
1194:Coin of Huvishka with the divine couple
1094:
668:
415:First known Mahayana inscription: words
330:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
2334:Marshak, Boris; Grenet, Frantz (2006).
2018:The Splendour of Mathura Art and Museum
1834:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1296:
664:
3693:
2481:Online Catalogue of Huvishka's Coinage
2423:
2154:
2143:
2025:
2014:
1830:
1828:
577:Mahārājasya Huviṣkasya Devaputrasya...
3666:Jongeward, David; Cribb, Joe (2014).
3394:
3288:
3272:
3247:
3219:
3180:
3177:
2747:
2549:
2460:
2391:
2374:"Huvishka Rishti coin British Museum"
2230:
2228:
2204:
2111:
2082:"Huvishka Rishti coin British Museum"
1739:From the Kushans to the Western Turks
1251:Coin of Huvishka with Indian deities
1212:) with four arms holding attributes.
3634:
2581:Emperors, territories and chronology
1914:. BRILL. p. xxxvii, Fig 6.17a.
1907:
1811:. BRILL. p. xxxvii, Fig 6.17a.
1804:
1724:
1707:
342:
16:Kushan emperor from c. 150 to c. 190
2271:
1901:
1825:
1231:Coin of Huvishka with Indian deity
13:
3574:From the dated inscription on the
2225:
1488:
1479:
829:in the stronghold of Ayrtam, near
808:
725:("Roma aeterna"), under the name "
320:Enlightenment Throne of the Buddha
14:
3722:
2474:
2336:"Une peinture kouchane sur toile"
1090:
3520:Sassanid king and "Kushanshah" (
2430:. Pranava Prakashan. p. 29.
2211:. Psychology Press. p. 83.
2150:. Pranava Prakashan. p. 29.
2002:Mahārājasya Devaputrasya Huviṣka
1995:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1439:
1433:
1422:
1406:
1390:
1370:
1358:
1342:
1276:
1244:
1224:
1187:
1068:
1048:
1028:
1010:
990:
972:
956:
940:
797:(Greek: ΡΙΟΜ), or more recently
786:
754:
734:
645:
640:
635:
629:
624:
618:
613:
607:
601:
595:
590:
585:
580:
568:
553:
547:
541:
536:
531:
525:
520:
514:
508:
503:
498:
493:
490:Mahārājasya Devaputrasya Huviṣka
481:
458:
452:
447:
442:
436:
429:
423:
417:
408:
388:
3607:
3580:
3568:
2434:
2416:
2384:
2366:
2327:
2309:
2282:
2260:
2198:
2136:
2101:
2092:
2074:
2063:
1928:
1717:Pāṭaliputra Excavation, 1955-56
1081:(ϷΑΟΡΗΟΡΟ, "Best royal power",
2677:INDO-SCYTHIAN Northern Satraps
1874:
1861:
1798:
1691:
1675:
1055:Huvishka with the Lunar deity
1:
3628:10.1080/02666030.1995.9628492
3536:
3521:
3469:
3457:
3442:
3386:
3372:
3341:
3329:
3313:
3301:
3278:
3257:
3165:
3149:
3050:
3012:
2979:
2859:
2814:
1456:
1213:
1178:), and even Ommo (Old Indian
877:, "The Royal fire"). Another
721:possibly depicts the Goddess
2960:Indo-Scythian dynasty of the
2693:Indo-Scythian dynasty of the
1736:Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017).
1099:Coin of Huvishka with deity
767:Shaonanoshao Ooishki Koshano
765:: ϷΑΟΝΑΝΟϷΑΟ ΟΟΗϷΚΙ ΚΟϷΑΝΟ (
7:
3706:2nd-century Indian monarchs
2267:Classical Numismatics Group
1850:(2): 99–138. Archived from
951:("ΦΑΡΡΟ"). Circa CE 152-192
466:Bu-ddha-sya A-mi-tā-bha-sya
366:manuscript fragment in the
326:
274:
266:
251:
243:
10:
3727:
3564:
2454:
695:Indo-Roman trade relations
692:
291:about thirty years later.
3557:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3530:
3510:
3508:
3484:
3481:
3451:
3436:
3434:
3418:
3415:
3381:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3323:
3295:
3292:
3143:
3123:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3058:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3022:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2990:
2987:
2972:
2970:
2959:
2956:
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2948:
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2936:
2933:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2917:
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2899:
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2892:
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2879:
2872:
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2846:
2844:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2822:
2808:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2783:
2772:
2767:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2742:
2729:
2718:
2705:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2587:
2534:
2525:
2517:
1908:Rhie, Marylin M. (2010).
1835:Schopen, Gregory (1987).
1805:Rhie, Marylin M. (2010).
1385:copied from a Roman coin.
985:(ΑΘΟϷΟ "The Royal fire").
279:) was the emperor of the
213:
205:
195:
183:
173:
162:
157:
153:
138:
130:
116:
104:
92:
82:
72:
62:
54:
40:
30:
23:
2461:Bivar, A. D. H. (2004).
1310:, with smaller mints in
1202:) holding a flower, and
2703:(ruled 12 BCE – 15 CE)
2443:Epigraphia Indica Vol 8
2427:The Kushāṇa Numismatics
2352:10.3406/crai.2006.87101
2147:The Kushāṇa Numismatics
2008:Epigraphia Indica Vol 8
1792:10.3406/crai.2006.87101
1684:Epigraphia Indica Vol 8
1381:, possibly depicted as
1170:), Maaseno (Old Indian
913:("Best righteousness",
881:deity, the supreme god
2424:Shrava, Satya (1985).
2144:Shrava, Satya (1985).
1493:
1484:
1174:), Bizago (Old Indian
1166:), Komaro (Old Indian
1110:
690:
336:
2774:INDO-PARTHIAN KINGDOM
2758:INDO-PARTHIAN KINGDOM
2723:(ruled 10 BCE– 10 CE)
2663:INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGDOM
2015:Sharma, R.C. (1994).
1492:
1483:
1098:
931:("Best royal power",
777:with legend ΗΡΑΚΙΛΟ (
673:Huvishka with seated
672:
334:
2392:Fleet, J.F. (1908).
2205:Boyce, Mary (2001).
2112:Fleet, J.F. (1908).
1297:Coinage and statuary
823:("Royal splendour")-
665:Graeco-Roman deities
3616:South Asian Studies
2469:. pp. 583–585.
1857:on 7 December 2019.
917:), the Lunar deity
833:, according to the
476:in the inscription.
3711:Mahayana Buddhists
3559:KIDARITES invasion
2670:INDO-GREEK KINGDOM
2507:2018-09-25 at the
2495:2020-02-05 at the
2378:The British Museum
2321:The British Museum
2086:The British Museum
1494:
1485:
1111:
967:. Circa CE 152-192
835:Ayrtam inscription
761:Coin of Huvishka.
691:
368:Schøyen Collection
337:
283:from the death of
240:: 𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀺𑀱𑁆𑀓;
3688:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3576:Rukhana reliquary
3250:KUSHANO-SASANIANS
2582:
2544:
2543:
2535:Succeeded by
2486:Coins of Huvishka
2302:978-81-208-1408-0
2253:978-81-208-1408-0
2218:978-0-415-23902-8
2191:978-81-208-1408-0
2056:978-81-208-1408-0
1921:978-90-04-18400-8
1894:978-81-208-1408-0
1818:978-90-04-18400-8
1671:
1670:
1638:
1637:
1454:
1453:
1217: 150-180 CE
853:(the Lunar deity
360:Mahāyāna Buddhism
343:Mahayana Buddhism
223:
222:
169:
168:
108:190 AD (59 years)
49:
3718:
3674:
3673:
3663:
3632:
3631:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3541:
3538:
3526:
3523:
3474:
3471:
3462:
3459:
3447:
3444:
3441:, "Kushanshah" (
3391:
3388:
3377:
3374:
3371:, "Kushanshah" (
3346:
3343:
3334:
3331:
3318:
3315:
3312:, "Kushanshah" (
3306:
3303:
3300:, "Kushanshah" (
3283:
3280:
3262:
3259:
3170:
3167:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3055:
3052:
3017:
3014:
2984:
2981:
2864:
2861:
2855:Kujula Kadphises
2819:
2816:
2591:
2590:
2580:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2518:Preceded by
2515:
2514:
2470:
2448:
2447:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2286:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2175:
2152:
2151:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2078:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2040:
2023:
2022:
2012:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1878:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1775:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1743:
1733:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1705:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1679:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1510:Kujula Kadphises
1476:
1475:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1443:
1437:
1426:
1410:
1394:
1374:
1362:
1346:
1325:
1324:
1291:) and attendants
1280:
1248:
1228:
1218:
1215:
1191:
1083:Khshathra Vairya
1072:
1052:
1032:
1014:
994:
976:
960:
944:
933:Khshathra Vairya
903:("Uprightness",
790:
758:
738:
703:(under the name
649:
644:
639:
633:
628:
622:
617:
611:
605:
599:
594:
589:
584:
572:
557:
551:
545:
540:
535:
529:
524:
518:
512:
507:
502:
497:
485:
462:
456:
451:
446:
440:
433:
427:
421:
412:
395:Earliest known "
392:
277:
269:
254:
246:
155:
154:
47:
45:
21:
20:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3701:Kushan emperors
3691:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3664:
3635:
3612:
3608:
3595:(3): 418–452 .
3585:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3539:
3524:
3516:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3476:
3472:
3464:
3460:
3445:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3409:Chandragupta II
3407:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3375:
3348:
3344:
3336:
3332:
3320:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3285:
3281:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3213:
3209:
3207:Damajadasri III
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3172:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3068:
3063:
3053:
3038:
3029:
3015:
2982:
2965:
2963:WESTERN SATRAPS
2961:
2862:
2852:
2817:
2812:
2801:
2776:
2760:
2724:
2722:
2713:
2711:Patika Kusulaka
2709:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2686:25 BCE – 10 CE
2622:
2618:
2609:
2595:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2540:
2531:
2523:
2509:Wayback Machine
2497:Wayback Machine
2477:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2421:
2417:
2404:: 179, note 1.
2389:
2385:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2332:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2176:
2155:
2141:
2137:
2124:: 179, note 1.
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2041:
2026:
2005:
2000:
1988:
1961:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1879:
1875:
1867:Neelis, Jason.
1866:
1862:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1803:
1799:
1776:
1767:
1755:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1734:
1725:
1712:
1708:
1696:
1692:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1468:
1467:
1465:Kushan emperors
1459:
1448:
1444:
1427:
1418:
1411:
1402:
1395:
1386:
1375:
1366:
1363:
1354:
1347:
1334:
1299:
1292:
1281:
1272:
1249:
1240:
1229:
1220:
1216:
1192:
1093:
1086:
1073:
1064:
1053:
1044:
1035:Huvishka with "
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
995:
986:
977:
968:
961:
952:
945:
811:
809:Iranian deities
804:
791:
782:
759:
750:
739:
697:
667:
660:
650:
623:
606:
573:
564:
558:
546:
519:
486:
477:
470:Amitabha Buddha
463:
441:
434:
422:
413:
404:
401:Amitabha Buddha
393:
345:
329:
126:
121:
109:
97:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3724:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3633:
3606:
3579:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3552:Rudrasimha III
3549:
3545:
3544:
3529:
3509:
3507:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3450:
3435:
3433:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3401:Chandragupta I
3393:
3380:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3322:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3271:
3246:
3218:
3191:Damajadasri II
3179:
3175:
3174:
3142:
3122:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3057:
3042:
3033:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3008:Vima Kadphises
3004:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2971:
2969:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2821:
2807:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2771:
2766:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2728:
2717:
2707:Liaka Kusulaka
2704:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2641:Eastern Punjab
2638:
2636:Western Punjab
2633:
2628:
2623:
2613:
2603:
2597:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2500:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2475:External links
2473:
2472:
2471:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2446:. p. 180.
2433:
2415:
2383:
2365:
2346:(2): 947–963.
2326:
2308:
2301:
2281:
2270:
2259:
2252:
2224:
2217:
2197:
2190:
2153:
2135:
2100:
2091:
2073:
2062:
2055:
2024:
2011:. p. 182.
1994:
1972:
1955:
1927:
1920:
1900:
1893:
1873:
1860:
1824:
1817:
1797:
1765:
1742:. p. 202.
1723:
1706:
1690:
1687:. p. 182.
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1530:Vima Kadphises
1526:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1472:
1471:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1415:Mathura Museum
1412:
1405:
1403:
1397:Bodhisatva of
1396:
1389:
1387:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1283:Huvishka with
1282:
1275:
1273:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1193:
1186:
1092:
1091:Indian deities
1089:
1088:
1087:
1075:Huvishka with
1074:
1067:
1065:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1017:Huvishka with
1016:
1009:
1007:
997:Huvihska with
996:
989:
987:
979:Huvishka with
978:
971:
969:
962:
955:
953:
946:
939:
810:
807:
806:
805:
803:(Greek: ΡΙϷΤ).
792:
785:
783:
760:
753:
751:
740:
733:
685:) wearing the
675:Roman-Egyptian
666:
663:
662:
661:
634:
612:
600:
574:
567:
565:
561:Art of Mathura
552:
530:
513:
487:
480:
478:
457:
435:
428:
416:
414:
407:
405:
394:
387:
353:Mathura Museum
344:
341:
328:
325:
262:𐨱𐨂𐨬𐨅𐨮𐨿𐨐
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
190:Kushan Dynasty
187:
181:
180:
177:
171:
170:
167:
166:
160:
159:
151:
150:
142:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
114:
113:
106:
102:
101:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
66:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
46:
38:
37:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3723:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3671:
3670:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3543:
3534:
3528:
3519:
3514:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3495:Rudrasena III
3492:
3491:Rudradaman II
3488:
3480:
3477:
3467:
3455:
3449:
3440:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:Rudrasimha II
3422:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3384:
3379:
3370:
3364:
3359:
3352:
3349:
3339:
3327:
3321:
3311:
3299:
3291:
3286:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3176:
3173:
3163:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:Damajadasri I
3091:
3087:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3062:
3059:Great Satrap
3048:
3047:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3010:
3009:
3001:
2994:
2977:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2955:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2849:KUSHAN EMPIRE
2840:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2697:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2616:Paropamisadae
2614:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2586:
2578:
2577:Kushan Empire
2571:
2566:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2428:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2263:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2104:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1870:
1864:
1853:
1849:
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1533:
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1508:
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1503:
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1498:
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1473:
1466:
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1462:
1447:
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1425:
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1416:
1409:
1404:
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1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:Skando-Komaro
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1039:" (ΑϷΑΕΙΧϷΟ,
1038:
1037:Asha Vahishta
1031:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
988:
984:
983:
975:
970:
966:
959:
954:
950:
943:
938:
937:
936:
934:
930:
929:
924:
920:
916:
915:Asha Vahishta
912:
911:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
871:
866:
862:
861:
856:
852:
851:
846:
842:
841:
836:
832:
828:
827:
822:
821:
816:
802:
801:
796:
789:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
757:
752:
748:
744:
737:
732:
731:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
696:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
658:
654:
653:Uttar Pradesh
648:
643:
638:
632:
627:
621:
616:
610:
604:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
571:
566:
562:
556:
550:
544:
539:
534:
528:
523:
517:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
484:
479:
475:
474:Brahmi script
471:
467:
461:
455:
450:
445:
439:
432:
426:
420:
411:
406:
402:
398:
391:
386:
385:
384:
381:
379:
375:
371:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
340:
333:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
281:Kushan Empire
278:
276:
270:
268:
263:
259:
255:
253:
247:
245:
239:
235:
231:
227:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
201:
198:
194:
191:
188:
186:
182:
178:
176:
172:
165:
161:
156:
152:
149:
146:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
119:
115:
112:
107:
103:
100:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
44:
39:
36:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3672:. p. 4.
3668:
3622:(1): 27–32.
3619:
3615:
3609:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3570:
3531:
3511:
3503:Rudrasena IV
3487:Yasodaman II
3485:
3452:
3437:
3419:
3405:Samudragupta
3397:GUPTA EMPIRE
3395:
3367:
3358:Bhratadarman
3338:Kanishka III
3324:
3296:
3273:
3248:
3220:
3211:Rudrasena II
3181:
3145:
3144:
3124:
3110:Rudrasimha I
3102:Rudrasimha I
3090:Rudradaman I
3084:
3070:
3061:Kharapallana
3044:
3006:
2973:
2927:
2900:
2873:
2853:
2847:
2823:
2802:
2796:
2777:
2761:
2736:
2730:
2696:APRACHARAJAS
2675:
2668:
2661:
2594:Territories/
2528:Kushan Ruler
2526:
2466:
2442:
2436:
2426:
2418:
2401:
2397:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2291:
2284:
2273:
2262:
2242:
2207:
2200:
2180:
2146:
2138:
2121:
2117:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2070:Serapis coin
2065:
2045:
2017:
2007:
2001:
1930:
1910:
1903:
1883:
1876:
1871:2010. p. 141
1868:
1863:
1852:the original
1847:
1843:
1807:
1800:
1783:
1779:
1738:
1716:
1709:
1701:
1693:
1683:
1677:
1590:Kanishka III
1549:
1469:30 CE–350 CE
1445:
1430:Kankali Tila
1382:
1378:
1351:Gandhara art
1320:
1300:
1287:(Old Indian
1284:
1267:(Old Indian
1264:
1255:(Old Indian
1252:
1235:(Old Indian
1232:
1203:
1195:
1149:
1147:
1112:
1100:
1076:
1060:
1040:
1018:
1002:
980:
926:
922:
908:
898:
890:
882:
868:
858:
848:
838:
834:
824:
818:
812:
798:
794:
778:
770:
766:
762:
746:
719:Another coin
717:
704:
698:
682:
576:
489:
465:
382:
374:Some reliefs
372:
357:
346:
338:
293:
272:
264:
261:
249:
241:
233:
225:
224:
163:
31:
24:
18:
3548:388–396 CE
3482:320–388 CE
3416:300–320 CE
3383:Vasudeva II
3363:Datayola II
3275:Kanishka II
3266:Ardashir II
3242:Datarvharna
3238:Datarvharna
3199:Yasodaman I
3183:Samghadaman
3178:230–250 CE
3118:Rudrasena I
3106:Isvaradatta
3081:130–230 CE
3064:and Satrap
3036:PARATARAJAS
2996:100–120 CE
2779:Gondophares
2763:Gondophares
2720:Kharahostes
2700:Vijayamitra
2651:Pataliputra
2611:Balochistan
2532:150–183 CE
1756:|work=
1698:Konow, Sten
1600:Vasudeva II
1570:Kanishka II
887:Ahura Mazda
879:Zoroastrian
749:, "Sarapo")
312:Pataliputra
148:Kanishka II
73:Predecessor
3695:Categories
3540: 335
3525: 350
3513:Varahran I
3473: 305
3461: 300
3446: 300
3390: 267
3376: 295
3369:Hormizd II
3345: 267
3333: 247
3317: 265
3305: 250
3282: 230
3261: 230
3254:Ardashir I
3230:Bhimarjuna
3222:Miratakhma
3215:Visvasimha
3203:Vijayasena
3169: 190
3162:Vasudeva I
3157: 190
3155: – c.
3153: 151
3072:Kanishka I
3054: 127
3046:Kanishka I
3016: 113
2975:Vima Takto
2957:75–100 CE
2869:Indravarma
2825:Sarpedones
2810:Vispavarma
2738:Strato III
2538:Vasudeva I
1786:(2): 257.
1634:335–350 CE
1624:305–335 CE
1614:300–305 CE
1604:270–300 CE
1594:267–270 CE
1584:247–267 CE
1574:230–247 CE
1564:190–230 CE
1560:Vasudeva I
1554:151–190 CE
1544:127–151 CE
1540:Kanishka I
1534:113–127 CE
1520:Vima Takto
1457:References
1127:Karttikeya
1041:Ashaiexsho
999:Ahuramazda
910:Ashaeixsho
891:Mazdo oana
709:Alexandria
693:See also:
289:Vasudeva I
232:: Οοηϸκι,
145:Vasudeva I
87:Vasudeva I
64:Coronation
58:150–190 CE
3518:Shapur II
3515:(325–350)
3499:Simhasena
3429:Jivadaman
3421:Visvasena
3310:Hormizd I
3195:Viradaman
3138:Mirahvara
3134:Hvaramira
3114:Jivadaman
3098:Jivadaman
3086:Jayadaman
3066:Vanaspara
2983: 90
2942:50–75 CE
2915:45–50 CE
2896:Aspavarma
2888:40–45 CE
2875:Abdagases
2863: 50
2842:30-40 CE
2831:Bhadayasa
2798:Ubouzanes
2791:20–30 CE
2769:Indravasu
2732:Strato II
2715:Zeionises
2620:Arachosia
2463:"HUVIŠKA"
2360:0065-0536
2108:This coin
1758:ignored (
1748:cite book
1524:90–113 CE
1446:Hu-vi-ṣka
1208:("ΟΗϷΟ",
1198:("ΟΜΜΟ",
1154:("ΟΗϷΟ",
1135:Yaudheyas
1105:("ΟΗϷΟ",
1078:Shaoreoro
928:Shaoreoro
883:Ooromozdo
681:(ϹΑΡΑΠΟ,
316:Bodh Gaya
267:Hu-ve-ṣka
258:Kharosthi
244:Hu-vi-ṣka
83:Successor
3533:Kipunada
3439:Peroz II
3354:280–300
3326:Vāsishka
3293:250–280
3187:Damasena
3146:Huvishka
3126:Bagamira
3040:Yolamira
3031:Nahapana
3000:Abhiraka
2967:Chastana
2820:–20 CE)
2818: 0
2785:Rajuvula
2752:10-20CE
2726:Mujatria
2631:Gandhara
2607:Pakistan
2605:Western
2599:Western
2521:Kanishka
2505:Archived
2493:Archived
2410:25210545
2130:25210545
1630:Kipunada
1580:Vāsishka
1550:Huvishka
1514:50–90 CE
1399:Sravasti
1331:Huvishka
1308:Peshawar
1289:Mahāsena
1237:Mahāsena
1172:Mahāsena
1119:Brahmans
965:Ardoxsho
826:Ardoxsho
815:pantheon
775:Herakles
683:"Sarapo"
397:Mahayana
378:Gandhara
364:Sanskrit
349:Amitabha
327:Religion
285:Kanishka
226:Huvishka
218:Buddhism
214:Religion
200:Kanishka
164:Huvishka
77:Kanishka
25:Huvishka
3542:– 350)
3448:– 325)
3392:– 300)
3378:– 300)
3298:Peroz I
3268:(?-245)
3027:Bhumaka
3023:120 CE
2813:(ruled
2804:Pakores
2646:Mathura
2455:Sources
1504:1–30 CE
1500:Heraios
1316:Mathura
1312:Kashmir
1285:Maaseno
1269:Viśākha
1233:Maaseno
1176:Viśākha
1160:Ořlagno
1143:Kushans
1139:Mathura
1123:Maaseno
1115:Mathura
1001:(ωΡΟΜ,
905:Arshtat
889:), and
865:Anahita
779:Erakilo
771:Reverse
763:Obverse
743:Serapis
701:Serapis
679:Serapis
659:Museum.
468:" ("of
304:Mathura
300:Bactria
275:Huveṣka
252:Huviṣka
209:Unknown
185:Dynasty
179:Unknown
134:Unknown
111:Kashmir
35:emperor
3601:605147
3599:
3475:– 335)
3347:– 270)
3335:– 267)
3319:– 295)
3307:– 265)
3284:– 247)
3263:– 250)
3234:Koziya
3226:Kozana
3171:– 230)
3130:Arjuna
3056:–151)
3018:–127)
2985:–113)
2902:Gadana
2836:Sodasa
2744:Hagana
2626:Bajaur
2408:
2358:
2299:
2250:
2215:
2188:
2128:
2053:
1918:
1891:
1815:
1379:Rishti
1265:Bizago
1263:) and
1261:Kumara
1257:Skanda
1168:Kumara
1164:Skanda
1131:Skanda
1020:Rishti
982:Atosho
949:Pharro
900:Rishti
831:Termez
820:Pharro
800:Rishti
747:ϹΑΡΑΠΟ
727:Rishti
705:ϹΑΡΑΠΟ
687:modius
472:") in
238:Brahmi
234:Ooēški
230:Kushan
206:Mother
196:Father
131:Spouse
120:190 AD
117:Burial
96:130 AD
68:150 CE
33:Kushan
3597:JSTOR
3466:Shaka
3463:–305)
2929:Sases
2923:Sasan
2865:–90)
2601:India
2596:dates
2406:JSTOR
2126:JSTOR
1855:(PDF)
1840:(PDF)
1620:Shaka
1304:Balkh
1210:Shiva
1205:Oesho
1156:Shiva
1151:Oesho
1129:, or
1107:Shiva
1102:Oesho
895:Mazda
870:Atsho
845:Mitra
840:Miiro
713:Egypt
376:from
308:India
296:Balkh
175:House
158:Names
140:Issue
99:Kabul
55:Reign
3454:Mahi
3069:for
2991:...
2988:...
2952:...
2949:...
2937:...
2934:...
2910:...
2907:...
2883:...
2880:...
2735:and
2402:1908
2356:ISSN
2297:ISBN
2248:ISBN
2213:ISBN
2186:ISBN
2122:1908
2051:ISBN
1916:ISBN
1889:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1760:help
1610:Mahi
1383:Roma
1314:and
1306:and
1196:Ommo
1003:Orom
875:Atar
860:Nana
795:Riom
723:Roma
677:god
651:...
362:. A
314:and
105:Died
93:Born
3624:doi
3593:116
2348:doi
2344:150
2236:Umā
1788:doi
1784:150
1200:Umā
1180:Umā
1061:Mao
1057:Mah
935:).
925:),
923:Mao
919:Mah
907:),
867:),
857:),
855:Mah
850:Mao
847:),
711:in
559:),
306:in
302:to
298:in
124:Leh
3697::
3636:^
3620:11
3618:.
3591:.
3537:c.
3527:)
3522:c.
3470:c.
3458:c.
3443:c.
3387:c.
3373:c.
3342:c.
3330:c.
3314:c.
3302:c.
3279:c.
3258:c.
3166:c.
3150:c.
3051:c.
3013:c.
2980:c.
2860:c.
2815:c.
2465:.
2400:.
2396:.
2376:.
2354:.
2342:.
2338:.
2319:.
2227:^
2156:^
2120:.
2116:.
2084:.
2027:^
1848:10
1846:.
1842:.
1827:^
1782:.
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1752::
1750:}}
1746:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
