49:
1494:
Inscription on the chapel: "Earl Odda had this Royal Hall built and dedicated in honour of the Holy
Trinity for the soul of his brother, Aelfric, which left the body in this place. Bishop Ealdred dedicated it the second of the Ides of April in the fourteenth year of the reign of Edward, King of the
816:
No contemporary genealogy or list of kings has been preserved, so the following list has been compiled by historians from a variety of primary sources. Some kings of the Hwicce seem to have reigned in tandem for all or part of their reign. This gives rise to an overlap in the dates of reigns given
696:"had been baptised in her own country, the kingdom of the Hwicce. She was the daughter of Eanfrith, Eanhere's brother, both of whom were Christians, as were their people." From this, we deduce that Eanfrith and Eanhere were of the royal family and that theirs was a Christian kingdom.
723:, Gloucester. So it seems that incoming Anglo-Saxons were absorbed into the existing church. The ruling dynasty of the Hwicce were probably key figures in the process. Perhaps they sprang from intermarriage between Anglian and British leading families.
765:
was chosen as the first bishop of the Hwicce, but he died before ordination and was replaced by Bosel. A 12th-century chronicler of
Worcester comments that that Worcester was selected as the seat of the bishop because it was the capital of the Hwicce.
711:, since Bede was well informed on the latter yet does not mention the conversion of the Hwicce. Though place-names show that Anglo-Saxon settlement was widespread in the territory, the limited spread of pagan burials, along with two
376:, which is thought to be of Scandinavian origin, describes the type of baskets produced by these early people. However, there are potential objections to many of these possible explanations. For instance,
48:
662:
at
Cirencester and afterwards came to terms. Penda had evidently won, but had probably forged an alliance with local leaders, since the former Dobunnic polity did not immediately become part of
2456:
1271:
176:
151:
2441:
715:
place-names that invariably identify Roman-British churches, suggests that
Christianity survived the influx. There are also probable Christian burials beneath
405:
1586:
800:
The district remained in possession of the rulers of Mercia until the fall of that kingdom. Together with the rest of
English Mercia, it submitted to
1482:, 1. BL Cotton Nero E. i, pt 2, 181v (s. xi; short version) 2. BL Cotton Tib. A. xiii, 49r-50r (s. xi1) 3. BL Cotton Tib. A. xiii, 198v-199v (s. xi2)
543:. (The 'wich' part of Droitwich is also commonly thought to refer to salt production in that area.) In addition, the local government district of
1626:
331:. A second possibility would be a derivation from a given name, "the people of the man called Hwicce", but no such name has been recorded.
1157:
484:'(very) generous'. Coates notes that the meaning would be "comparable with bombastic British tribal names of the Roman period, such as
758:
408:(2008, 2009) has interpreted the name as meaning "cauldron; sacred vessel" and linked to the shape of the Vale of Gloucester and the
793:
and Aldred, the two last of whom lived until about 780. After them, the title of king seems to have been given up. Their successor
753:
Osric was anxious for the Hwicce to gain their own bishop, but it was Oshere whose influence was seen behind the creation of the
640:
2426:
631:. West Saxon occupation of the area did not last long, however, and may have ended as early as 584, the date (according to the
1165:
53:
Kingdom of the Hwicce (with later counties). Wychwood Forest, a former Hwicce territory, had apparently been lost before 679.
2461:
2421:
1696:
2446:
2431:
2375:
380:
argues that the essence of an ark is that it is closed, rather than open like a valley or plain, that no cognate of
250:
The exact boundaries of the kingdom remain uncertain, though it is likely that they coincided with those of the old
2451:
824:
was a high-ranking royal official and prior magistrate of an Anglo-Saxon shire. The term was rendered in Latin as
2436:
1840:
1820:
556:
955:
323:"ark, chest, locker", in reference to the appearance of the territory as a flat-bottomed valley bordered by the
1039:
754:
496:'the high ones'." Coates does, however, admit that his explanation can also raise objections, not least that
251:
651:
held a conference with
British bishops at Augustine's Oak on the border of the Hwicce and the West Saxons.
582:
left the Roman Empire, but pagan burials and place names in its north-eastern sector suggest an inflow of
1533:
1483:
942:
929:
774:
770:
1850:
1845:
1835:
1413:
1190:
A. H. Smith, 'The Hwicce', in
Medieval and Linguistic Studies in Honour of F. P. Magoun (1965), 56-65.
1111:
granted land to Abbess
Beorngyth in October 680 and was probably a member of the royal family. Osred (
364:"coward". It is also likely that "Hwicce" referred to the native tribes living along the banks of the
1890:
1825:
2014:
1959:
778:
1974:
1830:
1059:
805:
587:
1689:
1068:
648:
1309:(Manchester, 1985), pp.8–10; Sims-Williams, 'St Wilfred and two charters dated AD 676 and 680',
746:. An earlier marriage to Eanhere would explain why Osric and Oswald are described as Æthelred's
1807:
1722:
720:
409:
372:, who were weavers using rushes and reeds growing profusely to create baskets. The modern word
17:
2024:
2380:
817:
below. Please consult individual biographies for a discussion of the dating of these rulers.
599:
532:
223:
210:
743:
908:
731:
636:
575:
200:
72:
1362:
1289:
8:
1964:
899:
735:
716:
700:
433:
1545:
2307:
2111:
1994:
1989:
1747:
1682:
1663:
1620:
886:
689:
643:
was killed and
Ceawlin returned home in anger; and certainly by 603 when, according to
369:
312:-stem. It may be from a tribal name of "the Hwiccians", or it may be from a clan name.
62:
1115:
693), who was a thegn of the Hwicce, has been described by some historians as a king.
2395:
1776:
1667:
1655:
1161:
993:
704:
616:
604:
348:
244:
215:
156:
797:, who was killed in a campaign against Wessex in 802, is described only as an earl.
1927:
1812:
1727:
1647:
1591:
1084:
981:
801:
790:
240:
1603:
1382:(1981), pp.253–71; Hooke, p.10; C. Heighway, 'Saxon Gloucester' in J. Haslam ed.,
669:
The Hwicce sub-kingdom included a number of distinct tribal groups, including the
351:
is a tribal name that was in origin pejorative, meaning "the cowards", cognate to
2171:
2066:
1732:
859:
659:
263:
2385:
2357:
2071:
1595:
750: — usually meaning "nephews" or "grandsons" but here probably "stepsons".
708:
628:
583:
540:
377:
275:
267:
259:
2246:
2126:
1651:
1572:
2415:
2400:
2206:
2196:
2176:
2166:
1979:
1937:
1752:
1659:
654:
The Angles strengthened their influence over the area in 628, when (says the
579:
528:
332:
328:
291:
283:
231:
2186:
429:. However, his interpretation has been widely dismissed by other academics.
1705:
1432:
ed. and trans. R.R. Darlington, J. Bray and P. McGurk (Oxford 1995), 136–8.
562:
489:
422:
365:
271:
205:
76:
2161:
1022:
794:
2156:
2146:
1969:
1942:
1885:
1759:
624:
516:
344:
279:
236:
2101:
1674:
1108:
412:
regional cult of a goddess with a bucket or cauldron, identified with a
318:
2332:
2317:
2280:
2263:
2216:
2211:
2116:
2086:
2056:
2019:
2004:
1922:
1900:
674:
620:
524:
426:
287:
2121:
2106:
2347:
2342:
2327:
2292:
2236:
2221:
2201:
2181:
2131:
2096:
2081:
2076:
1984:
1895:
1797:
1708:
1517:
1088:
1075:
1051:
821:
726:
By a complex chain of reasoning, one can deduce that
Eanhere married
678:
536:
520:
493:
485:
448:
is an emphatic (roughly meaning 'very') giving something similar to *
356:
324:
94:
2352:
2337:
2322:
2297:
2241:
2226:
2151:
2051:
2046:
1999:
1910:
1905:
1862:
1802:
1764:
1092:
968:
786:
727:
670:
544:
512:
1097:
The area of his jurisdiction probably did not include the Hwicce.
2390:
2312:
2302:
2009:
1880:
1875:
1635:
874:
685:
608:
591:
571:
566:
561:
The territory of the Hwicce may roughly have corresponded to the
416:
338:
1412:, MS Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 111, pp. 59-60 (s. xii2)
506:
397:
391:
336:
316:
303:
254:, founded in 679–680, the early bishops of which bore the title
2231:
2191:
2141:
2034:
2029:
1954:
1932:
1781:
1737:
916:
762:
739:
699:
It is likely that the Hwicce were converted to Christianity by
663:
612:
219:
169:
666:
but instead became an allied or client kingdom of the Hwicce.
308:"the Hwiccians" is uncertain. It is the plural of a masculine
2268:
2258:
2136:
1769:
1324:
The English Conquest: Gildas and Britain in the fifth century
785:'s reign, we find the kingdom ruled by three brothers, named
432:
Coates (2013) on the other hand believes that the name has a
1532:, Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 111, pp. 60-1 (s. xii2)
1226:
The Tribe of Witches: The religion of the Dobunni and Hwicce
684:
The first probable kings of whom we read were two brothers,
547:
derived the first element of its name from the old kingdom.
335:
connected the name, on linguistic grounds, with that of the
2061:
1276:
Geiriadur: Welsh-English / English-Welsh On-line Dictionary
782:
693:
644:
390:
is known, and that no full etymological argument to relate
218:. After 628, the kingdom became a client or sub-kingdom of
2457:
States and territories disestablished in the 8th century
1615:. Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 3. Cambridge.
239:, an agricultural economy akin to either the kingdom of
502:
is not a recorded and known early or later Welsh word.
1050:
Son of Æthelmund. His will of 804 requests burial at
1010:
Assimilation of the Hwicce into Mercia is completed.
1563:
The Anglo-Saxon Landscape: The Kingdom of the Hwicce
1363:
Saxon Bath: The Legacy of Rome and the Saxon Rebirth
1307:
The Anglo-Saxon Landscape: The Kingdom of the Hwicce
1201:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names
811:
757:
in 679–680. Presumably Osric was dead by that time.
1613:
Religion and Literature in Western England, 600-800
590:and perhaps by other routes; they may have exacted
1571:
1352:ed. J.McClure and R.Collins (Oxford, 1994), p.193.
1455:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2413:
1428:, ed. J. McClure and R. Collins (1994), p. 212;
1350:The Ecclesiastical History of the English People
214:, the kingdom was established in 577, after the
1426:The Eccesiastical History of the English People
1254:
1252:
1250:
1103:
937:Son of Oshere. Issued charter with Æthelweard.
808:, who possibly himself belonged to the Hwicce.
454:. Similar known constructions in Welsh include
381:
359:
2442:States and territories established in the 570s
1091:for the soul of his brother Ælfric. Buried at
1014:
866:
1690:
1610:
1569:
1590:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1441:"The Chronicle of Florence of Worcester" in
1247:
574:. The area appears to have remained largely
557:History of Worcestershire § Anglo-Saxon
258:. The kingdom would therefore have included
1445:ed. and trans. J. Stevenson, vol. 2, p.379.
1158:Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde
497:
479:
473:
467:
461:
455:
449:
443:
437:
413:
1697:
1683:
1625:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
47:
1704:
1505:Victoria County History of Worcestershire
315:One etymology comes from the common noun
1278:. University of Wales Trinnity St David.
1203:(Oxford Clarendon Press, reprinted 1991)
619:killed three British kings and captured
1587:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1544:For example he appears on this list of
1457:, ed. M. Lapidge (Blackwell 1999), 507.
1380:Christianity in Roman Britain to AD 500
658:) the West Saxons fought (the Anglian)
14:
2414:
1911:Bilmingas (part of south Lincolnshire)
1636:"The name of the Hwicce: A discussion"
1633:
1258:
1241:
1228:, Oxbow Books (2008). Stephen Yeates,
1212:
742:. Osthryth is recorded as the wife of
199:
1678:
1560:
1384:Anglo-Saxon Towns in Southern England
27:Tribal kingdom in Anglo-Saxon England
1160:, vol. 15, Walter de Gruyter, 2000,
1156:J. Insley, "Hwicce" in: Hoops (ed.)
436:origin, related to the modern Welsh
924:Brother of Osric. Died before 716.
24:
1554:
1179:Notes on Staffordshire place names
25:
2473:
2376:Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
1311:Journal of Ecclesiastical History
812:Kings and ealdormen of the Hwicce
769:Oshere was succeeded by his sons
578:in the first century or so after
1443:The Church Historians of England
1326:(Manchester, 1994), chaps. 2, 5.
1313:, Vol. 39, part 2 (1988), p.169.
442:meaning 'excellent'. The prefix
278:north of the Avon, part of west
174:
149:
1611:Sims-Williams, Patrick (1990).
1570:Sims-Williams, Patrick (2004).
1538:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1488:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1435:
1418:
1402:
1389:
1372:
1355:
1342:
1329:
1316:
1299:
1282:
1264:
492:'the battle-excellent ones' or
116:• Assimilated into Mercia
1430:Chronicle of John of Worcester
1235:
1218:
1206:
1193:
1184:
1171:
1150:
1137:
1124:
1013:
1003:
865:
851:
13:
1:
2427:Peoples of Anglo-Saxon Mercia
1548:. Retrieved on 10 March 2005.
421:, supposedly associated with
262:except the northwestern tip,
1604:UK public library membership
1104:Other notables of the Hwicce
734:, and had sons by her named
7:
2462:Former monarchies of Europe
386:or contemporary version of
270:, the southwestern half of
10:
2478:
2422:History of Gloucestershire
2338:Sumortūnsǣte and Glestinga
1386:(Chichester, 1984), p.375.
1337:The earliest English Kings
1230:A Dreaming for the Witches
554:
550:
343:, the predecessors of the
302:The etymology of the name
294:and north-west Wiltshire.
2447:History of Worcestershire
2432:Petty kingdoms of England
2368:
1861:
1790:
1715:
1652:10.1017/S0263675113000070
1132:The Kingdom of the Hwicce
368:, in the area of today's
235:assessed Hwicce at 7,000
128:
124:
114:
104:
100:
90:
82:
68:
58:
46:
41:
34:
1634:Coates, Richard (2013).
1244:, p. 5 for instance
1118:
976:Not recorded after 759.
692:. Bede notes that Queen
2452:History of Warwickshire
1573:"Hwicce, kings of the (
1339:(Routledge, 1990, 2000)
1177:William Henry Duignan,
1069:Leofric, Earl of Mercia
507:
425:legends concerning the
398:
392:
382:
360:
337:
317:
304:
297:
274:, the neighbourhood of
2437:Sub-kingdoms of Mercia
1596:10.1093/ref:odnb/52342
998:active 750s – 778
986:active 750s – 779
781:. At the beginning of
721:St Mary de Lode Church
498:
488:'the very hard ones',
480:
474:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
438:
414:
2381:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1990:Nox-gaga and Oht-gaga
1561:Hooke, Della (1985).
1467:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
858:Kingdom conquered by
656:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
600:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
594:from British rulers.
224:Battle of Cirencester
211:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
36:Kingdom of the Hwicce
2025:Frithuwald's Sūþrīge
1145:The Tribe of Witches
1033:Died in battle 802.
909:Gloucester Cathedral
894:Brother of Eanhere.
804:about 877–883 under
732:Oswiu of Northumbria
637:battle of Fethanleag
607:in 577 in which the
478:'(very) worthy' and
347:. Also suggested by
256:Episcopus Hwicciorum
252:Diocese of Worcester
1640:Anglo-Saxon England
1224:Stephen J. Yeates,
717:Worcester Cathedral
703:rather than by the
402:has been advanced.
282:and small parts of
222:as a result of the
208:. According to the
206:Anglo-Saxon England
204:) was a kingdom in
106:• Established
1817:Lists of monarchs
744:Æthelred of Mercia
2409:
2408:
2396:Mercian Supremacy
1906:Spalda (Spalding)
1602:(Subscription or
1399:, vol. 1, p. 240.
1290:Dobunni to Hwicce
1166:978-3-11-016649-1
1101:
1100:
701:Celtic Christians
605:Battle of Deorham
597:According to the
588:Warwickshire Avon
523:in Warwickshire,
216:Battle of Deorham
201:[ˈʍittʃe]
190:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
162:
161:
157:Sub-Roman Britain
16:(Redirected from
2469:
1813:Wiglaf of Mercia
1699:
1692:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1630:
1624:
1616:
1607:
1599:
1583:
1566:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1422:
1416:
1406:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1376:
1370:
1369:, vol. 7 (1998).
1359:
1353:
1346:
1340:
1335:David P. Kirby,
1333:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1303:
1297:
1296:, vol. 7 (1998).
1286:
1280:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1175:
1169:
1154:
1148:
1143:Stephen Yeates,
1141:
1135:
1134:(1985), pp.12-13
1128:
839:
838:
755:see of Worcester
510:
501:
483:
477:
471:
466:'good-natured',
465:
459:
453:
447:
441:
420:
401:
395:
385:
363:
342:
322:
307:
203:
198:
178:
177:
166:
165:
153:
152:
146:
145:
130:
129:
51:
32:
31:
21:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2364:
1857:
1786:
1711:
1703:
1618:
1617:
1601:
1557:
1555:Further reading
1552:
1546:Kings of Hwicce
1543:
1539:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1507:, Vol.2, p.128.
1503:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1436:
1423:
1419:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1377:
1373:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1304:
1300:
1287:
1283:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:Eilert Ekwall,
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1155:
1151:
1142:
1138:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1106:
1096:
963:Son of Oshere.
950:Son of Oshere.
891:mid-7th century
879:mid-7th century
860:Penda of Mercia
814:
660:Penda of Mercia
649:Saint Augustine
559:
553:
460:'(very) good',
300:
264:Gloucestershire
196:
175:
150:
117:
107:
54:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2475:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2386:Burghal Hidage
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1631:
1608:
1567:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1537:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1487:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1434:
1417:
1401:
1388:
1371:
1354:
1341:
1328:
1315:
1298:
1281:
1263:
1246:
1234:
1217:
1215:, pp. 4–5
1205:
1192:
1183:
1170:
1149:
1147:(2008), pp.1-8
1136:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1042:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
996:
990:
989:
987:
984:
978:
977:
974:
971:
965:
964:
961:
958:
952:
951:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
932:
926:
925:
922:
919:
913:
912:
905:
902:
896:
895:
892:
889:
883:
882:
880:
877:
871:
870:
864:
863:
856:
853:
850:
849:
846:
843:
813:
810:
730:, daughter of
709:Pope Gregory I
603:, there was a
552:
549:
541:Worcestershire
472:'successful',
410:Romano-British
406:Stephen Yeates
378:Richard Coates
299:
296:
268:Forest of Dean
260:Worcestershire
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
172:
163:
160:
159:
154:
142:
141:
136:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
97:
92:
91:Historical era
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2474:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2402:
2401:Tribal Hidage
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:Southumbrians
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2167:Middle Angles
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:Andredes Leag
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:Middle Saxons
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1506:
1501:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1468:
1463:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1398:
1395:John Leland,
1392:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1187:
1180:
1174:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1130:Della Hooke,
1127:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:Odda's Chapel
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
910:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
869:
861:
857:
854:
852:
847:
844:
841:
840:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
818:
809:
807:
806:Earl Æthelred
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
738:, Oswald and
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:
564:
558:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:Wychbury Hill
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
503:
500:
495:
491:
487:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
440:
435:
430:
428:
424:
419:
418:
411:
407:
403:
400:
394:
389:
384:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
340:
334:
333:Eilert Ekwall
330:
329:Malvern Hills
326:
321:
320:
313:
311:
306:
295:
293:
292:Staffordshire
289:
285:
284:Herefordshire
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:
232:Tribal Hidage
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:
207:
202:
194:
173:
171:
168:
167:
164:
158:
155:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
127:
123:
119:
113:
109:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
50:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2287:
2275:
2254:Northumbria:
2253:
2197:South Engele
2091:
2067:Ceasterware
2041:
1960:Godhelmingas
1949:
1917:
1871:East Anglia:
1870:
1753:Middel Seaxe
1742:
1643:
1639:
1612:
1585:
1578:
1574:
1562:
1540:
1529:
1524:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1409:
1404:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1367:Bath History
1366:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1294:Bath History
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1186:
1178:
1173:
1152:
1144:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1112:
1107:
1044:
1027:
1015:
907:Entombed in
867:
833:
829:
825:
819:
815:
799:
768:
752:
747:
725:
712:
698:
683:
668:
655:
653:
632:
598:
596:
565:
560:
511:survives in
505:The toponym
504:
490:Catuvellauni
431:
423:West Country
404:
387:
373:
366:River Severn
352:
314:
309:
301:
272:Warwickshire
255:
249:
230:
228:
209:
197:Old English:
192:
191:
139:Succeeded by
138:
133:
77:Christianity
29:
2247:Wreocensæte
2172:North Engle
2157:Lindisfaras
2127:Cilternsæte
2087:Modingahema
1841:Northumbria
1821:East Anglia
1760:Northumbria
1723:East Anglia
1706:Anglo-Saxon
1397:Collectanea
1378:C. Thomas,
1261:, p. 9
1259:Coates 2013
1242:Coates 2013
1213:Coates 2013
973:active 750s
921:active 690s
904:active 670s
802:King Alfred
639:, in which
625:Cirencester
613:West Saxons
517:Oxfordshire
349:A. H. Smith
345:West Saxons
280:Oxfordshire
266:except the
134:Preceded by
2416:Categories
2333:Sumorsaete
2318:Glastening
2303:Brycgstowl
2281:Haestingas
2264:Beodarsæte
2217:Stoppingas
2212:Spaldingas
2187:Pencersæte
2132:Duddensæte
2117:Beormingas
2112:Banesbyrig
2047:Andredsley
2020:Pæding-tun
2005:Waeclingas
1965:Haueringas
1938:Caningaege
1933:Daenningas
1923:Brahhingas
1896:Herstingas
1808:Frithuwald
1606:required.)
1361:J. Manco,
1322:N.Higham,
1288:J. Manco,
1067:Father of
960:active 736
947:active 709
943:Æthelweard
934:active 709
930:Æthelheard
775:Æthelweard
771:Æthelheard
675:Stoppingas
621:Gloucester
586:along the
555:See also:
525:Wichenford
427:Holy Grail
288:Shropshire
83:Government
2348:Wiltsaete
2343:Sunningas
2328:Rēadingas
2308:Dornsaete
2293:Eorlingas
2259:Elmetsæte
2237:Weorgoran
2222:Sweordora
2202:Snotingas
2192:Reagesate
2162:Magonsæte
2147:Glestinga
2082:Limenwara
2072:Eastorege
2015:Woccingas
1970:Hroðingas
1955:Gillingas
1798:Bretwalda
1709:heptarchy
1668:162854566
1660:0263-6751
1646:: 51–61.
1621:cite book
1518:Earl Odda
1495:English."
1305:D.Hooke,
1168:, p. 295.
1089:Deerhurst
1052:Deerhurst
1023:Æthelmund
1016:Ealdormen
830:præfectus
822:ealdorman
795:Æthelmund
679:Weorgoran
635:) of the
633:Chronicle
537:Droitwich
521:Whichford
494:Brigantes
486:Ancalites
434:Brythonic
370:Worcester
357:Old Norse
325:Cotswolds
95:Heptarchy
69:Religion
63:Worcester
2369:See also
2353:Wihtwara
2323:Meonwara
2298:Basingas
2242:Westerne
2152:Husmerae
2102:Æbbingas
2097:Ælfingas
2062:Cantware
2057:Boroware
2035:Deningei
2030:Dæningas
2000:Tewingas
1995:Tetingas
1943:Gegingas
1863:Regiones
1803:Iclingas
1791:Monarchs
1765:Bernicia
1716:Kingdoms
1528:Charter
1478:Charter
1408:Charter
1109:Æthelmod
1093:Pershore
1064:d.c.1023
1060:Leofwine
1040:Æthelric
969:Eanberht
956:Æthelric
887:Eanfrith
787:Eanberht
779:Æthelric
728:Osthryth
690:Eanfrith
677:and the
671:Husmerae
615:) under
545:Wychavon
513:Wychwood
327:and the
86:Monarchy
73:Paganism
42:577–780s
2391:Danelaw
2313:Gewisse
2288:Wessex:
2276:Sussex:
2232:Undaium
2227:Tomsæte
2182:Pecsæte
2122:Bilsæte
2107:Arosæte
2092:Mercia:
1985:Haering
1901:Ikelgas
1881:Suffolk
1876:Norfolk
1748:Lindsey
1272:"Gwych"
1232:(2009).
1181:, 1902.
1030:796-802
994:Ealdred
875:Eanhere
759:Tatfrid
748:nepotes
705:mission
686:Eanhere
617:Ceawlin
609:Gewisse
592:tribute
580:Britain
576:British
572:Dobunni
570:of the
567:civitas
551:History
481:hywlydd
469:hylwydd
417:Dobunna
393:Gewisse
383:hvikari
361:hvikari
339:Gewisse
59:Capital
2358:Ytenes
2269:Loidis
2177:Pecset
2142:Gyrwas
2077:Lympne
1950:Surrey
1918:Essex:
1851:Wessex
1846:Sussex
1836:Mercia
1782:Wessex
1777:Sussex
1743:Hwicce
1738:Mercia
1666:
1658:
1600:
1581:.780)"
1575:act. c
1530:S 1167
1480:S 1187
1424:Bede,
1348:Bede,
1164:
1083:Built
1080:d.1056
982:Uhtred
917:Oshere
848:Notes
845:Dates
791:Uhtred
763:Whitby
740:Oshere
713:eccles
673:, the
664:Mercia
584:Angles
508:Hwicce
499:hywych
463:hynaws
451:hywych
415:Mater
399:Hwicce
388:wicker
374:wicker
319:hwicce
305:Hwicce
245:Sussex
220:Mercia
193:Hwicce
170:Mercia
18:Hwicci
2137:Gaini
2042:Kent:
1891:Gywre
1826:Essex
1770:Deira
1728:Essex
1664:S2CID
1577:.670–
1534:S1167
1484:S1187
1119:Notes
900:Osric
868:Kings
842:Name
834:comes
736:Osric
707:from
641:Cutha
563:Roman
533:Wyche
475:hywiw
457:hydda
439:gwych
353:quake
241:Essex
237:hides
2010:Tota
1975:Haka
1928:Beda
1886:Elge
1831:Kent
1733:Kent
1656:ISSN
1627:link
1516:See
1410:S 51
1162:ISBN
1076:Odda
1007:780s
783:Offa
777:and
719:and
694:Eafe
688:and
645:Bede
629:Bath
627:and
535:and
298:Name
276:Bath
229:The
120:780s
1648:doi
1592:doi
1414:S51
1087:at
1047:804
1045:fl.
855:628
832:or
826:dux
820:An
761:of
539:in
515:in
445:hy-
396:to
243:or
110:577
2418::
1662:.
1654:.
1644:42
1642:.
1638:.
1623:}}
1619:{{
1584:.
1365:,
1292:,
1274:.
1249:^
1113:c.
1054:.
1028:c.
911:.
862:.
836:.
828:,
789:,
773:,
681:.
647:,
623:,
531:,
527:,
519:,
355:,
290:,
286:,
247:.
226:.
75:,
1698:e
1691:t
1684:v
1670:.
1650::
1629:)
1598:.
1594::
1579:c
1565:.
1469:.
1095:.
1038:?
611:(
310:i
195:(
20:)
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