826:
888:
29:
693:
451:
3902:
4367:
1056:
516:
4859:
4871:
4380:
4163:
3766:
3595:
4491:
4392:
4194:
3778:
3584:
3617:
3312:
4883:
4206:
4404:
4182:
3790:
3606:
1119:, but they can be far more complicated. Within this category, models can be divided into conceptual and deterministic. Conceptual models link simplified representations of the hydrological processes in an area, whereas deterministic models seek to resolve as much of the physics of a system as possible. These models can be subdivided into single-event models and continuous simulation models.
1100:. The simplest of these models may be linear models, but it is common to deploy non-linear components to represent some general aspects of a catchment's response without going deeply into the real physical processes involved. An example of such an aspect is the well-known behavior that a catchment will respond much more quickly and strongly when it is already wet than when it is dry.
785:
436:- application of hydrological and hydraulic principles to the planning, development, and management of water resources for beneficial human use. It involves assessing water availability, quality, and demand; designing and operating water infrastructure; and implementing strategies for sustainable water management.
866:. It is also affected by the presence of snow, hail, and ice and can relate to dew, mist and fog. Hydrology considers evaporation of various forms: from water surfaces; as transpiration from plant surfaces in natural and agronomic ecosystems. Direct measurement of evaporation can be obtained using Simon's
965:
In hydrology, studies of water quality concern organic and inorganic compounds, and both dissolved and sediment material. In addition, water quality is affected by the interaction of dissolved oxygen with organic material and various chemical transformations that may take place. Measurements of water
816:
One of the important areas of hydrology is the interchange between rivers and aquifers. Groundwater/surface water interactions in streams and aquifers can be complex and the direction of net water flux (into surface water or into the aquifer) may vary spatially along a stream channel and over time at
1036:
can be performed to influence investment decisions in future infrastructure and to determine the yield reliability characteristics of water supply systems. Statistical information is utilized to formulate operating rules for large dams forming part of systems which include agricultural, industrial
683:
The areas of research within hydrology concern the movement of water between its various states, or within a given state, or simply quantifying the amounts in these states in a given region. Parts of hydrology concern developing methods for directly measuring these flows or amounts of water, while
1020:
The aims of
Statistical hydrology is to provide appropriate statistical methods for analyzing and modeling various parts of the hydrological cycle. By analyzing the statistical properties of hydrologic records, such as rainfall or river flow, hydrologists can estimate future hydrologic phenomena.
679:
through different pathways and at different rates. The most vivid image of this is in the evaporation of water from the ocean, which forms clouds. These clouds drift over the land and produce rain. The rainwater flows into lakes, rivers, or aquifers. The water in lakes, rivers, and aquifers then
804:
Hydrology considers quantifying surface water flow and solute transport, although the treatment of flows in large rivers is sometimes considered as a distinct topic of hydraulics or hydrodynamics. Surface water flow can include flow both in recognizable river channels and otherwise. Methods for
600:. By measuring rainfall, runoff, and drainage area, Perrault showed that rainfall was sufficient to account for the flow of the Seine. Mariotte combined velocity and river cross-section measurements to obtain a discharge value, again in the Seine. Halley showed that the evaporation from the
734:. The infiltration capacity, the maximum rate at which the soil can absorb water, depends on several factors. The layer that is already saturated provides a resistance that is proportional to its thickness, while that plus the depth of water above the soil provides the driving force (
577:, in the first century BC, described a philosophical theory of the hydrologic cycle, in which precipitation falling in the mountains infiltrated the Earth's surface and led to streams and springs in the lowlands. With the adoption of a more scientific approach,
712:. Aquifers are also described in terms of hydraulic conductivity, storativity and transmissivity. There are a number of geophysical methods for characterizing aquifers. There are also problems in characterizing the vadose zone (unsaturated zone).
704:) considers quantifying groundwater flow and solute transport. Problems in describing the saturated zone include the characterization of aquifers in terms of flow direction, groundwater pressure and, by inference, groundwater depth (see:
1967:
Robinson, D. A., C. S. Campbell, J. W. Hopmans, B. K. Hornbuckle, S. B. Jones, R. Knight, F. L. Ogden, J. Selker, and O. Wendroth. (2008) "Soil
Moisture Measurement for Ecological and Hydrological Watershed-Scale Observatories: A
839:
In some considerations, hydrology is thought of as starting at the land-atmosphere boundary and so it is important to have adequate knowledge of both precipitation and evaporation. Precipitation can be measured in various ways:
1011:
of the future behavior of hydrologic systems (water flow, water quality). One of the major current concerns in hydrologic research is "Prediction in
Ungauged Basins" (PUB), i.e. in basins where no or only very few data exist.
1071:
Hydrological models are simplified, conceptual representations of a part of the hydrologic cycle. They are primarily used for hydrological prediction and for understanding hydrological processes, within the general field of
652:
Since the 1950s, hydrology has been approached with a more theoretical basis than in the past, facilitated by advances in the physical understanding of hydrological processes and by the advent of computers and especially
1667:
is the study of lakes, rivers and wetlands ecosystems. It covers the biological, chemical, physical, geological, and other attributes of all inland waters (running and standing waters, both fresh and saline, natural or
1141:
Water movement is a significant means by which other materials, such as soil, gravel, boulders or pollutants, are transported from place to place. Initial input to receiving waters may arise from a
641:
Rational analyses began to replace empiricism in the 20th century, while governmental agencies began their own hydrological research programs. Of particular importance were Leroy
Sherman's
1842:
Graf, T.; Simmons, C. T. (February 2009). "Variable-density groundwater flow and solute transport in fractured rock: Applicability of the Tang et al. analytical solution".
911:
sensors may be unavailable or sparse. It also enables observations over large spatial extents. Many of the variables constituting the terrestrial water balance, for example
2514:
680:
either evaporates back to the atmosphere or eventually flows back to the ocean, completing a cycle. Water changes its state of being several times throughout this cycle.
1103:
Models based on process descriptions. These models try to represent the physical processes observed in the real world. Typically, such models contain representations of
935:, are measurable using remote sensing at various spatial-temporal resolutions and accuracies. Sources of remote sensing include land-based sensors, airborne sensors and
903:
satellites. The satellites measure tiny changes in gravitational acceleration, which can then be processed to reveal movement of water due to changes in its total mass.
746:
reduces the porosity and the pore sizes. Surface cover increases capacity by retarding runoff, reducing compaction and other processes. Higher temperatures reduce
2488:
3095:
Eslamian, S, 2014, (ed.) Handbook of
Engineering Hydrology, Vol. 3: Environmental Hydrology and Water Management, Francis and Taylor, CRC Group, 606 Pages, USA.
585:
independently reached an accurate representation of the hydrologic cycle. It was not until the 17th century that hydrologic variables began to be quantified.
3092:
Eslamian, S., 2014, (ed.) Handbook of
Engineering Hydrology, Vol. 2: Modeling, Climate Change and Variability, Francis and Taylor, CRC Group, 646 Pages, USA.
1339:
1388:
Connected Waters
Initiative, University of New South Wales – Investigating and raising awareness of groundwater and water resource issues in Australia
966:
quality may involve either in-situ methods, in which analyses take place on-site, often automatically, and laboratory-based analyses and may include
2548:
3089:
Eslamian, S., 2014, (ed.) Handbook of
Engineering Hydrology, Vol. 1: Fundamentals and Applications, Francis and Taylor, CRC Group, 636 Pages, USA.
3828:
1603:
1254:
535:
were one of the first to employ hydrology in their engineering and agriculture, inventing a form of water management known as basin irrigation.
3508:
480:
2210:
1674:
are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful. Hydrology studies the availability of those resources, but usually not their uses.
4244:
1371:
83: 'study of') is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth and other planets, including the
564:
119:. Using various analytical methods and scientific techniques, they collect and analyze data to help solve water related problems such as
1084:
systems, using mathematical and statistical concepts to link a certain input (for instance rainfall) to the model output (for instance
4107:
2358:
4112:
1204:
4186:
3653:
2518:
1885:
Vereecken, H.; Kemna, A.; Münch, H. M.; Tillmann, A.; Verweerd, A. (2006). "Aquifer
Characterization by Geophysical Methods".
684:
others concern modeling these processes either for scientific knowledge or for making a prediction in practical applications.
3127:
1989:
1927:
1793:
1161:
have been developed, facilitated by the availability of high-speed computers. The most common pollutant classes analyzed are
4735:
813:), and tracer techniques. Other topics include chemical transport as part of surface water, sediment transport and erosion.
1598:
1331:
1191:
873:
Detailed studies of evaporation involve boundary layer considerations as well as momentum, heat flux, and energy budgets.
4408:
3821:
1530:
1474:
4919:
2760:
1285:
3043:
3013:
2898:
1697:
4442:
4210:
4173:
4117:
3207:
3188:
3169:
3150:
3108:
3073:
2167:
1952:
1902:
1783:
1561:
1461:
1325:
502:
473:
4237:
4122:
2306:
1220:
1124:
825:
4138:
3794:
3678:
3263:
2099:"Global Fully Distributed Parameter Regionalization Based on Observed Streamflow From 4,229 Headwater Catchments"
1294:
1245:
2492:
4924:
4914:
4167:
3814:
2626:
967:
654:
233:
is the study of the transfer of water and energy between land and water body surfaces and the lower atmosphere.
68:
1731:
4102:
3483:
1313:
2440:
1360:
2876:
2600:
1123:
Recent research in hydrological modeling tries to have a more global approach to the understanding of the
1025:
of such events. Other quantities of interest include the average flow in a river, in a year or by season.
1021:
When making assessments of how often relatively rare events will occur, analyses are made in terms of the
856:
for rainy area identification, rain rate estimation, land-cover/land-use, and soil moisture, for example.
4929:
4513:
4384:
4230:
4036:
3646:
3418:
2414:
1661:
is the more general study of the atmosphere and of weather, including precipitation as snow and rainfall.
1628:
1537:
936:
589:
433:
51:
2540:
2262:
2236:
887:
726:
Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil. Some of the water is absorbed, and the rest
36:. Understanding the cycling of water into, through, and out of catchments is a key element of hydrology.
4697:
3958:
3891:
2855:
2652:
1319:
1270:
1264:
1136:
862:
is an important part of the water cycle. It is partly affected by humidity, which can be measured by a
773:
700:
Ground water is water beneath Earth's surface, often pumped for drinking water. Groundwater hydrology (
20:
2931:
2570:
2054:"A simple, regionally parameterized model for predicting nonpoint source areas in the northeastern US"
2052:
Archibald, J.A.; Buchanan, B.P.; Fuka, D.R.; Georgakakos, C.B.; Lyon, S.W.; Walter, M.T. (July 2014).
4480:
4056:
3948:
3673:
3455:
2466:
769:
463:
306:
128:
112:
2836:
2730:
2384:
1636:(Water Evaluation And Planning) software to model catchment hydrology from climate and land use data
817:
any particular location, depending on the relationship between stream stage and groundwater levels.
4031:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3440:
3369:
3230:
3036:"Integrated Water Resource Management in Australia: Case studies – Murray-Darling Basin initiative"
2808:
2786:
2280:
2206:
1495:
1391:
1258:
1142:
1033:
940:
721:
467:
459:
2987:
2332:
3943:
3866:
3770:
1593:
1150:
615:
299:
242:
147:
1523:
1515:
1470:
1454:
1436:
1419:
4000:
3639:
3609:
3551:
3493:
1705:
1566:
1170:
540:
484:
180:
44:
3518:
2700:
2678:
1979:
4776:
4435:
3965:
3837:
3782:
3696:
3460:
2957:
2196:
Jajarmizadeh et al. (2012), Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, 5(5), p.249-261.
2006:
1097:
1050:
810:
104:
28:
3533:
2904:[Hydrological Commission] (in Russian). Russian Geographical Society. Archived from
257:
includes the chemistry of water in rivers and lakes, both of pollutants and natural solutes.
3953:
3938:
3933:
3556:
3389:
2354:
2110:
2065:
2018:
1851:
1608:
1481:
1423:
1227:
1127:
to make better predictions and to face the major challenges in water resources management.
996:
982:
743:
346:
176:
3616:
692:
227:
is the adaptation of information technology to hydrology and water resources applications.
172:
are not included because water is only one of many important aspects within those fields.
8:
4837:
4801:
4771:
4518:
4470:
4264:
4026:
3851:
3691:
3561:
3301:
3256:
1639:
1089:
1081:
1073:
389:
2114:
2069:
2022:
1855:
4909:
4791:
4730:
4682:
4608:
4569:
4500:
4475:
4465:
4356:
4253:
4198:
4081:
3741:
3311:
2173:
2094:
2034:
1867:
1158:
1112:
924:
863:
275:
192:
116:
3231:
Decision tree to choose an uncertainty method for hydrological and hydraulic modelling
1757:
16:
Science of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets
4887:
4781:
4391:
4351:
4295:
4193:
4041:
3777:
3583:
3568:
3351:
3291:
3203:
3184:
3165:
3146:
3123:
3104:
3069:
2177:
2163:
2128:
2038:
1985:
1948:
1923:
1898:
1871:
1789:
1519:
1511:
1466:
1450:
1432:
1415:
1116:
1093:
990:
900:
793:
765:
658:
601:
578:
520:
328:
236:
214:
108:
1404:
4875:
4796:
4766:
4692:
4677:
4587:
4428:
4396:
4286:
4086:
4076:
4071:
4061:
4046:
3488:
3286:
2155:
2118:
2073:
2026:
1890:
1859:
1822:
1551:
1336:
Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI)
739:
646:
619:
608:
556:
552:
368:
230:
224:
143:
124:
120:
907:
Remote sensing of hydrologic processes can provide information on locations where
251:
management covers water storage, in the form of reservoirs, and floods protection.
4816:
4618:
4592:
4539:
4290:
4005:
3926:
3856:
3736:
3450:
3445:
3384:
3374:
3323:
3138:
2859:
2840:
1671:
1618:
1108:
867:
797:
642:
582:
427:
411:
88:
3901:
2147:
4863:
4811:
4745:
4707:
4702:
4654:
4534:
4277:
4148:
4143:
3598:
3249:
2159:
2078:
2053:
1894:
1488:
1154:
1104:
1085:
882:
735:
631:
548:
544:
382:
353:
281:
248:
155:
92:
2331:. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology. 25 January 2012.
2093:
Beck, Hylke E.; Pan, Ming; Lin, Peirong; Seibert, Jan; Dijk, Albert I. J. M.;
4903:
4842:
4623:
4559:
4508:
4366:
4332:
4327:
4010:
3871:
3662:
3523:
3503:
2132:
2030:
1277:
1249:
1022:
960:
944:
920:
916:
912:
759:
597:
593:
555:
shows that the Chinese built irrigation and flood control works. The ancient
532:
404:
396:
332:
292:
285:
254:
245:
is the study of hydrologic processes that operate at or near Earth's surface.
159:
100:
2752:
1709:
1282:
University of Oklahoma Center for Natural Hazards and Disasters Research, US
4725:
4649:
4582:
4577:
4544:
4304:
4299:
4273:
4066:
3995:
3886:
3746:
3731:
3587:
3467:
3433:
3035:
2905:
1827:
1810:
1652:
1623:
1055:
806:
705:
701:
531:
Hydrology has been subject to investigation and engineering for millennia.
524:
410:
Assessing the impacts of natural and anthropogenic environmental change on
364:
204:
198:
165:
151:
139:
3136:
604:
was sufficient to account for the outflow of rivers flowing into the sea.
4806:
4672:
4628:
4613:
4282:
4268:
3751:
3726:
3528:
3498:
3423:
3413:
3379:
3341:
3296:
3236:
3009:
2123:
2098:
1978:
Wood, Paul J.; Hannah, David M.; Sadler, Jonathan P. (28 February 2008).
1863:
1658:
1588:
1571:
1556:
1234:
1146:
1038:
1008:
859:
841:
731:
727:
670:
627:
536:
515:
208:
169:
135:
84:
3806:
201:
is the study of interactions between organisms and the hydrologic cycle.
4786:
4761:
4740:
4717:
4644:
4549:
4337:
4317:
4312:
3716:
3711:
2302:
1577:
849:
833:
789:
709:
675:
The central theme of hydrology is that water circulates throughout the
635:
630:. The 19th century saw development in groundwater hydrology, including
623:
611:
339:
218:
4858:
4490:
3620:
1348:
German Hydrological Society (DHG: Deutsche Hydrologische Gesellschaft)
4832:
4687:
4554:
4346:
4222:
4051:
3921:
3881:
3394:
2154:, Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 381–405,
1664:
1166:
1060:
1029:
896:
853:
848:
for cloud properties, rain rate estimation, hail and snow detection;
747:
574:
560:
418:
317:
74:
57:
33:
2622:
649:, and C.V. Theis' aquifer test/equation describing well hydraulics.
4308:
1582:
1365:
Russian Geographical Society (Moscow Center) – Hydrology Commission
1174:
1162:
268:
2759:. International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. 1 December 2008.
4664:
4451:
4322:
3990:
3985:
3916:
3861:
3706:
3701:
3183:(3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson-Prentice Hall.
2491:. NOAA Office of Program Planning and Integration. Archived from
1613:
1506:
Journal of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences
1240:
1064:
776:. Other methods include solute sampling and geophysical methods.
400:
321:
3631:
3145:(2nd ed.). Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.
2436:
2051:
421:
transport risk and establishing environmental policy guidelines.
2872:
2406:
1918:
Wilson, L. Gray; Everett, Lorne G.; Cullen, Stephen J. (1994).
1655:
is the more general study of water in the oceans and estuaries.
1289:
1239:
Institute of Hydrology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg,
1076:. Two major types of hydrological models can be distinguished:
892:
568:
375:
805:
measuring flow once the water has reached a river include the
3405:
3346:
3331:
3272:
3202:(5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education.
2930:. The International Association for Environmental Hydrology.
2596:
1394:
Initiative, Department of Environment and Heritage, Australia
1298:
948:
845:
676:
313:
76:
2852:
2648:
2232:
539:
towns were protected from flooding with high earthen walls.
175:
Hydrological research can inform environmental engineering,
3224:
2753:"International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS)"
1884:
1633:
928:
830:
784:
360:
4420:
3099:
Anderson, Malcolm G.; McDonnell, Jeffrey J., eds. (2005).
2574:
3336:
3141:; Raffensperger, Jeffrey P.; D'Odorico, Paolo P. (2014).
2833:
2726:
2462:
2380:
1920:
Handbook of Vadose Zone Characterization & Monitoring
1406:
International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology
932:
217:
is the study of how terrestrial water dissolves minerals
3241:
2625:. The Geological Society of America. 10 September 2011.
2276:
2258:
1352:
1345:
Statistics in Hydrology Working Group (subgroup of IAHS)
973:
852:
for routine accurate measurements of rain and snowfall;
844:
for precipitation characteristics at a fine time scale;
424:
Estimating the water resource potential of river basins.
95:
sustainability. A practitioner of hydrology is called a
3227:– Portal to international hydrology and water resources
2979:
2812:
1981:
Hydroecology and Ecohydrology: Past, Present and Future
1376:
1304:
2927:
2704:
2674:
2517:. University of Oklahoma. 17 June 2008. Archived from
2328:
1382:
1007:
Observations of hydrologic processes are used to make
195:
is the study of the chemical characteristics of water.
142:), and marine hydrology. Domains of hydrology include
3197:
1368:
International Association for Environmental Hydrology
3040:
Australian Government, Department of the Environment
2783:"International Association of Hydrological Sciences"
2782:
2541:"National Hydrology Research Centre (Saskatoon, SK)"
2004:
588:
Pioneers of the modern science of hydrology include
559:
used hydrology to build complex irrigation works in
2809:"International Commission on Statistical Hydrology"
1917:
134:Hydrology subdivides into surface water hydrology,
2953:
2571:"National Institute of Hydrology (Roorkee), India"
2515:"Center for Natural Hazard and Disasters Research"
1811:"Edmond Halley, F.S.R., Hydrologist Extraordinary"
1377:Society of Hydrologists and Meteorologists – Nepal
1340:International Association of Hydrological Sciences
1185:
764:Soil moisture can be measured in various ways; by
3098:
2233:"International Water Management Institute (IWMI)"
2092:
891:Estimates of changes in water storage around the
742:; this force diminishes as the soil becomes wet.
239:is the study of the isotopic signatures of water.
4901:
1977:
1815:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
1769:Pillar of Sand: Can the Irrigation Miracle Last?
1698:"What is hydrology and what do hydrologists do?"
1198:
820:
567:which allowed construction of large reservoirs,
472:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
2009:(6 October 2009). "Remote sensing: hydrology".
342:schemes and managing agricultural productivity.
2954:"International Association of Hydrogeologists"
4436:
4238:
3822:
3647:
3257:
207:is the study of the presence and movement of
3198:Viessman, Warren Jr.; Gary L. Lewis (2003).
2980:"Society of Hydrologists and Meteorologists"
2357:. University of Freiburg. 23 February 2010.
2207:"International Hydrological Programme (IHP)"
2152:Statistical Analysis of Hydrologic Variables
2148:"Analysis of Water Quality Random Variables"
2103:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
1947:(Reprint. ed.). New Delhi: Laxmi Publ.
1781:
1585:– hydrology and hydraulics modeling software
1372:International Association of Hydrogeologists
738:). Dry soil can allow rapid infiltration by
1841:
1604:Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient
1214:
634:, the Dupuit-Thiem well formula, and Hagen-
4443:
4429:
4245:
4231:
3829:
3815:
3654:
3640:
3264:
3250:
2984:Society of Hydrologists and Meteorologists
1574:– a software tool for hydrologic modellers
1210:UN-IHE Delft Institute for Water Education
995:Quality control of data – see for example
607:Advances in the 18th century included the
3836:
2259:"IHE Delft Institute for Water Education"
2122:
2077:
1826:
1785:The Basics of Geomorphology: Key Concepts
1782:Gregory, Kenneth J.; Lewin, John (2014).
1351:Italian Hydrological Society (SII-IHS) –
708:). Measurements here can be made using a
503:Learn how and when to remove this message
3159:
3117:
2649:"Welcome to AGU's Hydrology (H) Section"
1878:
1205:International Water Management Institute
1054:
1015:
886:
824:
783:
691:
514:
27:
2547:. Environment Canada. 25 October 2007.
1080:Models based on data. These models are
99:. Hydrologists are scientists studying
4902:
4252:
3178:
3058:
2701:"American Water Resources Association"
2417:from the original on 18 September 2011
2381:"Water Resources of the United States"
2279:. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
2145:
2058:Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
1808:
1758:"Egypt's Nile Valley Basin Irrigation"
1755:
1732:"What is water resources engineering?"
1692:
1690:
1688:
1261:– Office of Hydrologic Development, US
1233:eawag – aquatic research, ETH Zürich,
696:Building a map of groundwater contours
563:, also known for the invention of the
4424:
4226:
3810:
3635:
3245:
3101:Encyclopedia of hydrological sciences
2934:from the original on 17 February 2013
2681:from the original on 9 September 2013
2309:from the original on 13 February 2013
1942:
1911:
1887:Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences
1310:American Institute of Hydrology (AIH)
974:Integrating measurement and modelling
779:
4403:
4181:
3789:
3605:
3066:Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems
3046:from the original on 5 February 2014
2763:from the original on 20 January 2013
2489:"NOAA Economics and Social Sciences"
1936:
1599:International Hydrological Programme
1398:
1332:American Water Resources Association
1305:National and international societies
1276:NOAA Economics and Social Sciences,
1192:International Hydrological Programme
444:
4882:
4205:
3122:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3010:"Connected Waters Initiative (CWI)"
2834:Deutsche Hydrologische Gesellschaft
2675:"National Ground Water Association"
2303:"Cranfield Water Science Institute"
2265:from the original on 14 March 2013.
1821:. Royal Society Publishing: 47–57.
1685:
1531:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
1383:Basin- and catchment-wide overviews
221:and this effect on water chemistry.
13:
3310:
3120:Introduction to physical hydrology
3082:
2990:from the original on 13 March 2016
2873:"The British Hydrological Society"
2733:from the original on 15 March 2013
2551:from the original on 12 March 2013
2407:"Office of Hydrologic Development"
2239:from the original on 10 March 2013
1736:University of California Riverside
1286:National Hydrology Research Centre
1059:Plan view of water flow through a
1028:These estimates are important for
14:
4941:
3661:
3218:
3016:from the original on 9 April 2013
3012:. University of New South Wales.
2960:from the original on 20 June 2014
2879:from the original on 2 March 2013
2629:from the original on 5 April 2013
2603:from the original on 26 June 2019
2597:"American Institute of Hydrology"
2443:from the original on 8 March 2013
2387:from the original on 8 March 2013
2335:from the original on 25 June 2015
2283:from the original on 7 March 2013
1562:Environmental engineering science
1462:Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
1326:National Ground Water Association
1267:Hydrologic Engineering Center, US
1157:. Since the 1960s rather complex
876:
571:and canals which still function.
523:, bringing water from the wetter
4881:
4870:
4869:
4857:
4489:
4402:
4390:
4379:
4378:
4365:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4162:
4161:
3900:
3788:
3776:
3765:
3764:
3615:
3604:
3594:
3593:
3582:
3160:Maidment, David R., ed. (1993).
2853:Nordic Association for Hydrology
2789:from the original on 11 May 2010
2703:. 2 January 2012. Archived from
2469:from the original on 10 May 2013
2213:from the original on 2 June 2013
2146:Loftis, Jim C. (30 April 2019),
1422:(electronic) 0885-6087 (paper),
1357:Nordic Association for Hydrology
1221:Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
1180:
1088:). Commonly used techniques are
954:
753:
449:
4139:Human impact on the environment
3028:
3002:
2972:
2946:
2920:
2891:
2865:
2846:
2827:
2801:
2775:
2745:
2719:
2693:
2667:
2655:from the original on 2 May 2013
2641:
2615:
2589:
2563:
2533:
2507:
2481:
2455:
2437:"Hydrologic Engineering Center"
2429:
2399:
2373:
2361:from the original on 2 May 2013
2347:
2321:
2295:
2269:
2251:
2225:
2199:
2190:
2139:
2086:
2045:
1998:
1971:
1961:
1295:National Institute of Hydrology
1246:United States Geological Survey
1186:Intergovernmental organizations
715:
261:
4047:Public transport encouragement
3181:Hydrologic analysis and design
3143:Elements of physical hydrology
2651:. American Geophysical Union.
2465:. Hydrologic Research Center.
2439:. US Army Corps of Engineers.
2011:Progress in Physical Geography
1835:
1802:
1775:
1749:
1724:
1502:Hydrological Sciences Journal
1125:behavior of hydrologic systems
1032:and economists so that proper
687:
655:geographic information systems
1:
3484:Extraterrestrial liquid water
2573:. NIH Roorkee. Archived from
2545:Environmental Science Centres
1678:
1316:(GSA) – Hydrogeology Division
1314:Geological Society of America
1199:International research bodies
1067:hydrological modelling system
1002:
821:Precipitation and evaporation
645:, the infiltration theory of
345:Part of the hazard module in
3118:Hendriks, Martin R. (2010).
2862:. Retrieved 2 September 2013
2843:. Retrieved 2 September 2013
2463:"Hydrologic Research Center"
1943:Reddy, P. Jaya Rami (2007).
1439:, IWA Publishing (formerly
1361:British Hydrological Society
1130:
638:'s capillary flow equation.
7:
4514:Geological history of Earth
4450:
4037:Natural resource management
3237:Experimental Hydrology Wiki
3179:McCuen, Richard H. (2005).
2005:Tang, Q.; Gao, H.; Lu, H.;
1629:Water distribution on Earth
1544:
1538:Journal of Hydrometeorology
1447:Journal of Hydroinformatics
1353:Società Idrologica Italiana
1044:
899:Rivers, measured by NASA's
750:, increasing infiltration.
434:Water resources engineering
385:and urban drainage systems.
186:
10:
4946:
4487:
3068:, 3rd ed. Academic Press.
2355:"Professur für Hydrologie"
2160:10.1061/9780784415177.ch10
2079:10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.06.003
1895:10.1002/0470848944.hsa154b
1647:Other water-related fields
1320:American Geophysical Union
1271:Hydrologic Research Center
1265:US Army Corps of Engineers
1226:Centre for Water Science,
1137:Hydrologic transport model
1134:
1048:
958:
880:
757:
719:
668:
440:
392:on sanitary sewer systems.
335:, Flood Frequency Analysis
312:Mitigating and predicting
300:agricultural water balance
121:environmental preservation
67:
64: 'water' and
50:
21:Hydrology (disambiguation)
18:
4920:Environmental engineering
4851:
4825:
4754:
4716:
4663:
4637:
4601:
4568:
4528:Composition and structure
4527:
4499:
4481:Index of geology articles
4458:
4374:
4363:
4260:
4157:
4131:
4095:
4019:
3949:Environmental engineering
3909:
3898:
3844:
3760:
3687:
3669:
3577:
3544:
3476:
3403:
3362:
3322:
3308:
3279:
3271:
3200:Introduction to hydrology
3164:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
3042:. Australian Government.
2413:. NOAA. 28 October 2011.
1984:. John Wiley & Sons.
1889:. John Wiley & Sons.
1322:(AGU) – Hydrology Section
1248:– Water Resources of the
987:Scaling in time and space
945:thermal and near-infrared
770:time domain reflectometer
664:
388:Analyzing the impacts of
307:riparian-zone restoration
113:environmental engineering
4032:Environmental technology
3981:Environmental toxicology
3976:Environmental statistics
3971:Environmental humanities
2901:Гидрологическая комиссия
2900:
2839:7 September 2013 at the
2411:National Weather Service
2383:. USGS. 4 October 2011.
2329:"Eawag aquatic research"
2305:. Cranfield University.
2031:10.1177/0309133309346650
1844:Water Resources Research
1496:Water Resources Research
1259:National Weather Service
1215:National research bodies
968:microbiological analysis
722:Infiltration (hydrology)
458:This section includes a
3944:Environmental economics
3867:Environmental chemistry
3137:Hornberger, George M.;
2811:. STAHY. Archived from
2623:"Hydrogeology Division"
1945:A Textbook of Hydrology
1809:Biswat, Asit K (1970).
1756:Postel, Sandra (1999).
1594:Hydrology (agriculture)
487:more precise citations.
4001:Sustainability science
3494:Planetary oceanography
3316:
3233:(archived 1 June 2013)
3103:. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
1828:10.1098/rsnr.1970.0004
1706:U.S. Geological Survey
1567:Geological Engineering
1412:Hydrological Processes
1171:total dissolved solids
1068:
904:
836:
801:
697:
528:
519:The Roman aqueduct at
37:
4925:Environmental science
4915:Hydraulic engineering
4777:Environmental geology
3966:Environmental studies
3838:Environmental science
3697:Environmental science
3314:
3162:Handbook of hydrology
2097:(16 September 2020).
1424:John Wiley & Sons
1098:system identification
1058:
1051:Hydrological modeling
1016:Statistical hydrology
890:
828:
787:
695:
518:
105:environmental science
32:Rain over a Scottish
31:
4736:Planetary geophysics
3954:Environmental health
3939:Environmental design
3934:Ecological economics
3557:Ocean stratification
3390:Doubly labeled water
3064:Wetzel, R.G. (2001)
2858:24 June 2013 at the
2577:on 19 September 2000
2124:10.1029/2019JD031485
1864:10.1029/2008WR007278
1712:on 19 September 2015
1609:Outline of hydrology
1482:Journal of Hydrology
1392:Murray Darling Basin
1228:Cranfield University
997:Double mass analysis
983:Parameter estimation
616:Bernoulli's equation
347:catastrophe modeling
19:For other uses, see
4838:Petroleum geologist
4802:Forensic geophysics
4772:Engineering geology
4519:Timeline of geology
4471:Glossary of geology
4265:Atmospheric science
4123:Environment by year
4113:Research institutes
4027:Energy conservation
3852:Atmospheric science
3692:Atmospheric science
3562:Lake stratification
3545:Physical parameters
3139:Wiberg, Patricia L.
2209:. IHP. 6 May 2013.
2115:2020JGRD..12531485B
2070:2014JHyRS...1...74A
2023:2009PrPG...33..490T
1856:2009WRR....45.2425G
1640:Catchment hydrology
1159:mathematical models
1074:scientific modeling
390:antecedent moisture
369:hydroelectric power
4930:Physical geography
4864:Geology portal
4792:Geologic modelling
4731:Geophysical survey
4683:Geodetic astronomy
4609:Structural geology
4570:Historical geology
4501:History of geology
4476:History of geology
4466:Outline of geology
4357:Quaternary science
4254:Physical geography
4199:Environment portal
4082:Water purification
3742:Physical geography
3509:List of Candidates
3370:Deuterium-depleted
3317:
2007:Lettenmaier, D. P.
1429:Hydrology Research
1113:evapotranspiration
1094:transfer functions
1069:
939:which can capture
925:evapotranspiration
905:
864:sling psychrometer
837:
802:
780:Surface water flow
698:
543:were built by the
529:
460:list of references
276:Evapotranspiration
193:Chemical hydrology
117:physical geography
38:
4897:
4896:
4782:Planetary geology
4698:Planetary geodesy
4418:
4417:
4352:Landscape ecology
4296:Coastal geography
4220:
4219:
4042:Pollution control
3804:
3803:
3629:
3628:
3569:Ocean temperature
3129:978-0-19-929684-2
2908:on 26 August 2013
1991:978-0-470-01018-1
1929:978-0-87371-610-9
1795:978-1-4739-0895-6
1767:. Excerpted from
1399:Research journals
1063:simulated by the
991:Data assimilation
937:satellite sensors
766:capacitance probe
659:GIS and hydrology
657:(GIS). (See also
602:Mediterranean Sea
579:Leonardo da Vinci
533:Ancient Egyptians
527:to the settlement
521:Caesarea Maritima
513:
512:
505:
399:changes, such as
329:flood forecasting
243:Surface hydrology
237:Isotope hydrology
215:Hydrogeochemistry
148:surface hydrology
125:natural disasters
4937:
4885:
4884:
4873:
4872:
4862:
4861:
4797:Forensic geology
4767:Economic geology
4693:Gravity of Earth
4588:Paleoclimatology
4493:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4422:
4421:
4406:
4405:
4394:
4382:
4381:
4369:
4287:Paleoclimatology
4247:
4240:
4233:
4224:
4223:
4208:
4207:
4196:
4184:
4183:
4165:
4164:
4087:Waste management
4077:Urban metabolism
4072:Sewage treatment
4062:Renewable energy
3904:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3792:
3791:
3780:
3768:
3767:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3633:
3632:
3619:
3608:
3607:
3597:
3596:
3586:
3489:Asteroidal water
3477:Extraterrestrial
3266:
3259:
3252:
3243:
3242:
3213:
3194:
3175:
3156:
3133:
3114:
3076:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2869:
2863:
2850:
2844:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2707:on 24 March 2018
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2126:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1765:waterhistory.com
1762:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1708:. Archived from
1694:
1552:Aqueous solution
1457:, IWA Publishing
1441:Nordic Hydrology
790:flood hydrograph
740:capillary action
647:Robert E. Horton
620:Daniel Bernoulli
575:Marcus Vitruvius
525:Carmel mountains
508:
501:
497:
494:
488:
483:this section by
474:inline citations
453:
452:
445:
298:Determining the
291:Determining the
231:Hydrometeorology
225:Hydroinformatics
158:management, and
144:hydrometeorology
129:water management
80:
71:
61:
54:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4856:
4847:
4821:
4817:Mineral physics
4750:
4712:
4659:
4633:
4619:Plate tectonics
4597:
4593:Palaeogeography
4564:
4540:Crystallography
4523:
4495:
4494:
4485:
4454:
4449:
4419:
4414:
4370:
4361:
4291:Palaeogeography
4256:
4251:
4221:
4216:
4153:
4127:
4091:
4015:
4006:Systems ecology
3905:
3896:
3857:Biogeochemistry
3840:
3835:
3805:
3800:
3756:
3737:Paleogeoscience
3683:
3665:
3660:
3630:
3625:
3573:
3540:
3472:
3399:
3358:
3318:
3306:
3275:
3270:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3191:
3172:
3153:
3130:
3111:
3085:
3083:Further reading
3080:
3079:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2860:Wayback Machine
2851:
2847:
2841:Wayback Machine
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2495:on 25 July 2011
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2261:. UNIESCO-IHE.
2257:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2182:
2180:
2170:
2144:
2140:
2091:
2087:
2050:
2046:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1883:
1879:
1840:
1836:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1780:
1776:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1681:
1672:Water resources
1644:
1619:Socio-hydrology
1547:
1401:
1385:
1307:
1217:
1201:
1188:
1183:
1145:discharge or a
1139:
1133:
1109:subsurface flow
1053:
1047:
1018:
1005:
979:Budget analyses
976:
963:
957:
951:, for example.
885:
879:
868:evaporation pan
823:
798:Shawsheen River
782:
762:
756:
724:
718:
690:
673:
667:
643:unit hydrograph
590:Pierre Perrault
583:Bernard Palissy
509:
498:
492:
489:
478:
464:related reading
454:
450:
443:
428:Water resources
412:water resources
274:Calculation of
267:Calculation of
264:
189:
89:water resources
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4943:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4879:
4867:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4812:Mining geology
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4746:Tectonophysics
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4708:Geopositioning
4705:
4703:Remote sensing
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4655:Marine geology
4652:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4535:Cosmochemistry
4531:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4505:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4425:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4400:
4388:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4302:
4293:
4280:
4278:Phytogeography
4271:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4250:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4227:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4202:
4190:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4149:Technogaianism
4146:
4144:Sustainability
4141:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3910:Related fields
3907:
3906:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3834:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3811:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3786:
3774:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3636:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3612:
3601:
3590:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3552:Stratification
3548:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3220:
3219:External links
3217:
3215:
3214:
3208:
3195:
3189:
3176:
3170:
3157:
3151:
3134:
3128:
3115:
3109:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3057:
3027:
3001:
2971:
2945:
2919:
2890:
2864:
2845:
2826:
2815:on 6 June 2013
2800:
2774:
2744:
2718:
2692:
2666:
2640:
2614:
2588:
2562:
2532:
2521:on 24 May 2013
2506:
2480:
2454:
2428:
2398:
2372:
2346:
2320:
2294:
2268:
2250:
2224:
2198:
2189:
2168:
2138:
2085:
2044:
2017:(4): 490–509.
1997:
1990:
1970:
1960:
1953:
1935:
1928:
1910:
1903:
1877:
1834:
1801:
1794:
1774:
1771:. W.W. Norton.
1748:
1723:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1499:
1492:
1489:Water Research
1485:
1478:
1458:
1444:
1426:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1155:surface runoff
1135:Main article:
1132:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1105:surface runoff
1101:
1049:Main article:
1046:
1043:
1017:
1014:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
993:
988:
985:
980:
975:
972:
959:Main article:
956:
953:
883:Remote sensing
881:Main article:
878:
877:Remote sensing
875:
822:
819:
781:
778:
758:Main article:
755:
752:
736:hydraulic head
720:Main article:
717:
714:
689:
686:
669:Main article:
666:
663:
511:
510:
468:external links
457:
455:
448:
442:
439:
438:
437:
431:
425:
422:
415:
408:
397:geomorphologic
393:
386:
379:
372:
357:
354:drinking water
350:
343:
336:
325:
310:
303:
296:
289:
282:surface runoff
278:
272:
263:
260:
259:
258:
252:
249:Drainage basin
246:
240:
234:
228:
222:
212:
202:
196:
188:
185:
156:drainage-basin
93:drainage basin
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4942:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4890:
4889:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4844:
4843:Volcanologist
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4678:Earth's orbit
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:Geomorphology
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:Dynamic Earth
4600:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4560:Sedimentology
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4509:Geochronology
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4446:
4441:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4411:
4410:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4368:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4333:Geostatistics
4331:
4329:
4328:Geomorphology
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4248:
4243:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4213:
4212:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4011:Urban ecology
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3797:
3796:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3663:Earth science
3657:
3652:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3602:
3600:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:Hycean planet
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:Water droplet
3313:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3211:
3209:0-673-99337-X
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3190:0-13-142424-6
3186:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3171:0-07-039732-5
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3152:9781421413730
3148:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3110:0-471-49103-9
3106:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3075:
3074:0-12-744760-1
3071:
3067:
3061:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3015:
3011:
3005:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2907:
2903:
2894:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2282:
2278:
2277:"CEH Website"
2272:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2193:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2169:9780784415177
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2095:Wood, Eric F.
2089:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1964:
1956:
1954:9788170080992
1950:
1946:
1939:
1931:
1925:
1922:. CRC Press.
1921:
1914:
1906:
1904:0-471-49103-9
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1850:(2): W02425.
1849:
1845:
1838:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1278:United States
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1250:United States
1247:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1181:Organizations
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1034:risk analysis
1031:
1026:
1024:
1023:return period
1013:
1010:
998:
994:
992:
989:
986:
984:
981:
978:
977:
971:
969:
962:
961:Water quality
955:Water quality
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:precipitation
918:
917:soil moisture
914:
913:surface water
910:
902:
898:
894:
889:
884:
874:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
835:
832:
827:
818:
814:
812:
808:
800:at Wilmington
799:
795:
791:
786:
777:
775:
771:
767:
761:
760:Soil moisture
754:Soil moisture
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
723:
713:
711:
707:
703:
694:
685:
681:
678:
672:
662:
660:
656:
650:
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
610:
605:
603:
599:
598:Edmund Halley
595:
594:Edme Mariotte
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
526:
522:
517:
507:
504:
496:
486:
482:
476:
475:
469:
465:
461:
456:
447:
446:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
416:
413:
409:
406:
405:sedimentation
402:
398:
394:
391:
387:
384:
380:
377:
373:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:
351:
348:
344:
341:
337:
334:
333:flood warning
330:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
308:
304:
301:
297:
294:
293:water balance
290:
287:
286:precipitation
283:
279:
277:
273:
270:
266:
265:
256:
255:Water quality
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
216:
213:
210:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
184:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
161:
160:water quality
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
78:
70:
66:
63:
60:
53:
49:
46:
45:Ancient Greek
42:
35:
30:
26:
22:
4886:
4874:
4855:
4755:Applications
4726:Geomagnetism
4650:Hydrogeology
4583:Paleontology
4578:Stratigraphy
4545:Geochemistry
4407:
4395:
4383:
4342:
4305:Soil science
4300:Oceanography
4274:Biogeography
4209:
4197:
4185:
4166:
4067:Road ecology
4020:Applications
3996:Radioecology
3959:epidemiology
3892:Soil science
3887:Oceanography
3876:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3747:Soil science
3732:Oceanography
3721:
3434:Hydrobiology
3428:
3419:Distribution
3225:Hydrology.nl
3199:
3180:
3161:
3142:
3119:
3100:
3065:
3060:
3048:. Retrieved
3039:
3030:
3018:. Retrieved
3004:
2992:. Retrieved
2983:
2974:
2962:. Retrieved
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2906:the original
2893:
2881:. Retrieved
2867:
2848:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2813:the original
2803:
2791:. Retrieved
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2757:Associations
2756:
2747:
2735:. Retrieved
2721:
2709:. Retrieved
2705:the original
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2669:
2657:. Retrieved
2643:
2631:. Retrieved
2617:
2607:25 September
2605:. Retrieved
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2575:the original
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2544:
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2519:the original
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2493:the original
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2431:
2419:. Retrieved
2410:
2401:
2389:. Retrieved
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2271:
2253:
2241:. Retrieved
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2201:
2192:
2181:, retrieved
2151:
2141:
2106:
2102:
2088:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1980:
1973:
1963:
1944:
1938:
1919:
1913:
1886:
1880:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1784:
1777:
1768:
1764:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1735:
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:the original
1701:
1653:Oceanography
1624:Soil science
1536:
1529:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1460:
1446:
1440:
1428:
1411:
1405:
1143:point source
1140:
1122:
1117:channel flow
1070:
1027:
1019:
1006:
964:
947:data or use
908:
906:
872:
858:
838:
815:
807:stream gauge
803:
763:
730:down to the
725:
716:Infiltration
706:aquifer test
702:hydrogeology
699:
682:
674:
651:
640:
606:
587:
573:
537:Mesopotamian
530:
499:
490:
479:Please help
471:
365:water supply
295:of a region.
280:Calculating
262:Applications
205:Hydrogeology
199:Ecohydrology
174:
166:Oceanography
164:
152:hydrogeology
140:hydrogeology
133:
96:
75:
72:
65:
58:
55:
48:
40:
39:
25:
4826:Occupations
4807:Meteoritics
4673:Cartography
4629:Volcanology
4614:Geodynamics
4283:Climatology
4269:Meteorology
4211:WikiProject
4057:Remediation
3872:Geosciences
3845:Main fields
3752:Volcanology
3727:Meteorology
3499:Ocean world
3424:Hydrosphere
3352:superheated
1659:Meteorology
1589:Hydrography
1572:Green Kenue
1557:Climatology
1477:Publication
1235:Switzerland
1151:area source
1147:line source
1039:residential
1009:predictions
860:Evaporation
842:disdrometer
829:A standard
774:tensiometer
732:water table
688:Groundwater
671:Water cycle
632:Darcy's law
628:Henri Pitot
485:introducing
430:management.
419:contaminant
395:Predicting
371:generation.
209:groundwater
170:meteorology
138:hydrology (
136:groundwater
97:hydrologist
85:water cycle
4904:Categories
4787:Geobiology
4762:Biogeology
4741:Seismology
4718:Geophysics
4645:Glaciology
4550:Mineralogy
4338:Glaciology
4318:Geobiology
4313:Edaphology
4174:scientists
3717:Glaciology
3712:Geophysics
3621:Wiktionary
3456:management
3302:Properties
2928:"Hydroweb"
2899:"{title}"
1679:References
1668:man-made).
1578:Hydraulics
1167:pesticides
1153:, such as
1090:regression
1003:Prediction
850:rain gauge
834:rain gauge
744:Compaction
728:percolates
710:piezometer
636:Poiseuille
624:Pitot tube
622:, and the
612:piezometer
493:April 2012
417:Assessing
381:Designing
374:Designing
359:Designing
352:Providing
340:irrigation
338:Designing
327:Real-time
305:Designing
219:weathering
43:(from
4910:Hydrology
4833:Geologist
4688:Geomatics
4555:Petrology
4459:Overviews
4347:Limnology
4343:Hydrology
4052:Recycling
3922:Chemistry
3882:Limnology
3877:Hydrology
3722:Hydrology
3534:Enceladus
3515:Specific
3451:Resources
3446:Pollution
3429:Hydrology
3395:Hydronium
3385:Tritiated
3375:Semiheavy
3280:Overviews
2178:182417172
2133:2169-897X
2064:: 74–91.
2039:140643598
1872:133884299
1741:18 August
1716:7 October
1665:Limnology
1524:2150-3435
1518:(Print),
1516:0262-6667
1471:0733-9496
1455:1464-7141
1437:0029-1277
1420:1099-1085
1163:nutrients
1131:Transport
1082:black box
1061:catchment
1041:demands.
1030:engineers
941:microwave
915:storage,
897:Euphrates
854:satellite
811:discharge
748:viscosity
609:Bernoulli
565:Valve Pit
561:Sri Lanka
557:Sinhalese
541:Aqueducts
318:landslide
309:projects.
41:Hydrology
34:catchment
4385:Category
4309:Pedology
4168:Category
4132:See also
4118:Glossary
4108:Journals
3771:Category
3599:Category
3044:Archived
3014:Archived
2988:Archived
2958:Archived
2932:Archived
2877:Archived
2856:Archived
2837:Archived
2787:Archived
2761:Archived
2731:Archived
2727:"CUAHSI"
2679:Archived
2653:Archived
2627:Archived
2601:Archived
2581:1 August
2549:Archived
2467:Archived
2441:Archived
2415:Archived
2385:Archived
2359:Archived
2333:Archived
2307:Archived
2281:Archived
2263:Archived
2237:Archived
2235:. IWMI.
2211:Archived
1968:Review."
1788:. SAGE.
1583:HydroCAD
1545:See also
1526:(Online)
1175:sediment
1045:Modeling
796:for the
792:showing
551:, while
269:rainfall
187:Branches
181:planning
4888:Geology
4876:Geology
4665:Geodesy
4452:Geology
4409:Commons
4323:Geology
4187:Commons
4103:Degrees
3991:Physics
3986:Geodesy
3917:Biology
3862:Ecology
3795:Commons
3707:Geology
3702:Geodesy
3674:Outline
3610:Commons
3287:Outline
3050:19 June
3020:8 March
2994:12 June
2964:19 June
2938:8 March
2912:8 March
2883:8 March
2819:8 March
2793:8 March
2767:8 March
2737:8 March
2711:8 March
2685:8 March
2659:8 March
2633:8 March
2555:8 March
2525:8 March
2499:8 March
2473:8 March
2447:8 March
2421:8 March
2391:8 March
2365:8 March
2339:8 March
2313:8 March
2287:8 March
2243:8 March
2111:Bibcode
2066:Bibcode
2019:Bibcode
1852:Bibcode
1702:USA.gov
1614:Potamal
1241:Germany
1065:SHETRAN
909:in situ
569:anicuts
553:history
481:improve
441:History
401:erosion
376:bridges
322:Drought
4397:Portal
3783:Portal
3614:
3603:
3592:
3588:Portal
3581:
3519:Europa
3468:Supply
3461:policy
3441:Origin
3332:Liquid
3324:States
3206:
3187:
3168:
3149:
3126:
3107:
3072:
2217:8 June
2183:19 May
2176:
2166:
2131:
2109:(17).
2037:
1988:
1951:
1926:
1901:
1870:
1792:
1522:
1514:
1509:(IAHS)
1469:
1453:
1435:
1418:
1342:(IAHS)
1328:(NGWA)
1290:Canada
1207:(IWMI)
1115:, and
1096:, and
1086:runoff
927:, and
893:Tigris
809:(see:
665:Themes
549:Romans
545:Greeks
383:sewers
179:, and
177:policy
127:, and
115:, and
91:, and
77:-logía
69:-λογία
4638:Water
4096:Lists
3927:green
3679:Index
3414:Cycle
3406:Earth
3380:Heavy
3363:Forms
3347:Steam
3342:Vapor
3297:Model
3273:Water
2174:S2CID
2035:S2CID
1868:S2CID
1761:(PDF)
1299:India
1194:(IHP)
949:lidar
901:GRACE
846:radar
794:stage
677:Earth
626:, by
618:, by
466:, or
324:risk.
314:flood
109:civil
101:earth
59:húdōr
47:
3529:Moon
3524:Mars
3292:Data
3204:ISBN
3185:ISBN
3166:ISBN
3147:ISBN
3124:ISBN
3105:ISBN
3070:ISBN
3052:2014
3022:2013
2996:2017
2966:2014
2940:2013
2914:2013
2885:2013
2821:2013
2795:2013
2769:2013
2739:2013
2713:2013
2687:2013
2661:2013
2635:2013
2609:2019
2583:2015
2557:2013
2527:2013
2501:2013
2475:2013
2449:2013
2423:2013
2393:2013
2367:2013
2341:2013
2315:2013
2289:2013
2245:2013
2219:2013
2185:2023
2164:ISBN
2129:ISSN
1986:ISBN
1949:ISBN
1924:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1743:2024
1718:2015
1634:WEAP
1520:ISSN
1512:ISSN
1475:ASCE
1467:ISSN
1451:ISSN
1433:ISSN
1416:ISSN
1273:, US
1255:NOAA
1230:, UK
1223:– UK
1173:and
1037:and
931:and
929:snow
895:and
831:NOAA
614:and
596:and
581:and
547:and
363:for
361:dams
320:and
284:and
168:and
52:ὕδωρ
3404:On
3337:Ice
2156:doi
2119:doi
2107:125
2074:doi
2027:doi
1891:doi
1860:doi
1823:doi
1257:'s
1149:or
933:ice
772:or
403:or
367:or
111:or
103:or
4906::
4345:/
4311:/
4307:/
4298:/
4289:/
4285:/
4276:/
4267:/
3038:.
2986:.
2982:.
2956:.
2875:.
2785:.
2755:.
2729:.
2677:.
2599:.
2543:.
2409:.
2172:,
2162:,
2150:,
2127:.
2117:.
2105:.
2101:.
2072:.
2060:.
2056:.
2033:.
2025:.
2015:33
2013:.
1897:.
1866:.
1858:.
1848:45
1846:.
1819:25
1817:.
1813:.
1763:.
1734:.
1704:.
1700:.
1687:^
1504:-
1473:,
1465:,
1449:,
1431:,
1414:,
1297:,
1288:,
1177:.
1169:,
1165:,
1111:,
1107:,
1092:,
970:.
943:,
923:,
919:,
870:.
788:A
768:,
661:)
592:,
470:,
462:,
331:,
316:,
183:.
162:.
154:,
150:,
146:,
131:.
123:,
107:,
87:,
4444:e
4437:t
4430:v
4246:e
4239:t
4232:v
3830:e
3823:t
3816:v
3655:e
3648:t
3641:v
3265:e
3258:t
3251:v
3212:.
3193:.
3174:.
3155:.
3132:.
3113:.
3054:.
3024:.
2998:.
2968:.
2942:.
2916:.
2887:.
2823:.
2797:.
2771:.
2741:.
2715:.
2689:.
2663:.
2637:.
2611:.
2585:.
2559:.
2529:.
2503:.
2477:.
2451:.
2425:.
2395:.
2369:.
2343:.
2317:.
2291:.
2247:.
2221:.
2158::
2135:.
2121::
2113::
2082:.
2076::
2068::
2062:1
2041:.
2029::
2021::
1994:.
1957:.
1932:.
1907:.
1893::
1874:.
1862::
1854::
1831:.
1825::
1798:.
1745:.
1720:.
1443:)
506:)
500:(
495:)
491:(
477:.
414:.
407:.
378:.
356:.
349:.
302:.
288:.
271:.
211:.
81:)
73:(
62:)
56:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
