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influenced by these requirements, it was also affected by concepts of the wider strategic situation that Israel was confronted by. Menachem Eine, who headed the Lavi program, concluded that any proposed aircraft would be subject to a substantially greater threat than any envisioned US fighter, and would have to be developed with these threats in mind. Eine observed that the aircraft needed to not only take into consideration the best
643:
665:
859:
309:. The Lavi would have also required a great deal of other competing military requirements and sought investments to be abandoned, thus there were elements of the armed forces that did not support the project and those officers who felt that the F-16 possessed similar performance to the Lavi and was readily available already, making the foreign F-16 cheaper and easier to procure. IAF Major General
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multiple neighbouring adversaries to be high. The Lavi was therefore designed to possess both the flight performance and capabilities to perform as an effective supplement to the IAF's own F-15 fleet in carrying out aerial combat missions. As the Lavi was viewed as being relatively easy to fly, the aircraft was also under consideration as an advanced jet trainer as well.
505:
146:, and considerable export sales for the aircraft had been forecast. The uniqueness of its design was in the combination of a small, aerodynamic, highly maneuverable plane, with sophisticated, software-rich systems, low armed drag due to semi-conformal weapons carriage, and the ability to carry a large payload at high speed and over long distances. As of 2012, two of the
275:. The test pilot, Menachem Shmul, head of IAI's Air Operations section, took off at 13:21 and stayed in the air for 26 minutes, during which he checked the engine and controls. The handling was described as "excellent", with a high degree of stability in crosswind landings. About three months later, a second
300:
minister Moshe Arens, there was considerable dissent over the development. While the U.S. was a key partner in the aircraft's development, there was vocal political opposition to financing the Lavi, which may have been a competitive aircraft in the export market against
American aircraft such as the
393:
When the Lavi project was canceled in 1987, a total of five airframes had been manufactured. Prototypes B-01 and B-02 had been completed, while B-03, B-04, and B-05 were incomplete. Parts from B-01 and B-02 were pulled to complete B-03. The gutted airframe of B-02 was subsequently placed on static
539:
that powered the F-16, was the only aspect of the aircraft that Eine acknowledged to have created a dependency upon the US. While carrying eight 750lb bombs the Lavi possessed a combat radius of 250 nmi; an alternative armament of 2,000 lb bombs enabled a 650 nmi combat radius. Possessing a 1.1:1
350:
argued the resulting unemployment was negligible. Arens was keen to promote potential partnerships and technology exchanges in regards to the Lavi. Perhaps optimistically, IAI had projected export sales of the Lavi to be as many as 407 units to customers including South Africa, Chile, Taiwan, and
345:
Moshe Arens, advocated that the Lavi was a high prestige program, asserting
Israeli technological capabilities and would work to the nation's economic advantage. A failure to proceed with the development could lead to significant job losses and possibly contribute to emigration; the Israeli State
588:
According to Eine, the Lavi's main area of advancement over its contemporaries was the level of integration of avionics and onboard electronics; it was claimed that the Lavi was "more computerised than any other system in the world". A key innovation was the use of a quadruplex-redundant digital
367:
due to the fear that the heavy financial costs would impair other military capabilities, there were also questions about the financial soundness of the project and that Lavi technologies may be shared with South Africa, which had a history of close military cooperation with Israel. The financial
239:
engine plant already had an established relationship with the company and planned to co-produce the engine, thus enabling some of the manufacturing to be carried out domestically in Israel. Some elements of the engine had to be manufactured in the US due to some of the design aspects having been
206:
In addition to the primary intention to perform air-to-ground missions, the IAF sought to configure the Lavi to perform various other roles, as Israel perceived the likelihood of a potential sustained conflict under which there would be a need to fight for aerial supremacy against the efforts of
379:
On 30 August 1987, Israel's cabinet conducted a decisive vote on whether to continue the development of the Lavi; this development was influenced by considerable lobbying by the U.S., who made several compensatory proposals in exchange for the cancellation. The vote was highly politicised, the
417:
While the Lavi project had been terminated without any production aircraft being produced, the development represented an important opportunity to demonstrate and advance the capabilities of Israel's aerospace industry. Many of the aircraft's subsystems, avionics, and components went on to be
384:
ordered its members to vote against the project. The
Cabinet rejected the continuation at a margin of 12–11, with one cabinet member abstaining. Following the outcome of the vote, Lavi supporter Moshe Arens offered his resignation, refusing to be associated with the decision to terminate the
512:
The IAI Lavi was a single-seat, single-engine multirole fighter aircraft, principally designed to conduct high-speed penetration and first-pass bombing missions while maintaining a high level of manoeuvrability and survivability. The Lavi was almost 1,300 kg lighter in empty weight than its
283:
probe and several new avionic systems. Both B-01 and B-02 were tandem two-seaters, with the rear cockpit occupied by test equipment. By August 1987, the month in which the Lavi was canceled, a total of 82 sorties had reportedly been flown between the two completed prototypes, during which a
190:
In
February 1980, a milestone towards the development of the Lavi occurred when the Israeli government granted its authorisation for the IAF to present its list of technical specifications and requirements which sought the IAF's envisioned future fighter aircraft. While the Lavi was heavily
362:
Prior to and following the cancellation, IAI employees organised numerous demonstrations and public appeals to rally support for the Lavi; public opinion was roughly evenly divided on the subject of the Lavi. In the US, there was considerable opposition to the Lavi program from
516:
It was envisioned that the Lavi's lifecycle costs would be considerably beneath those of the F-16, efforts were also made to achieve a lower procurement cost as well. Like the F-16, the Lavi was an aerodynamically unstable aircraft, employing a quadruplex-redundant digital
227:
system which allowed the aircraft to take advantage of this particular wing design while eliminating this shortcoming. The Lavi was one of the first aircraft to feature this type of configuration, which has since become more commonplace amongst fighter aircraft.
223:(AOA). The canard generated additional lift and positive control when at high AOAs. While this configuration afforded excellent maneuverability, it also exhibited natural instability during flight. To compensate, the Lavi was fitted with a sophisticated digital
139:, the main political figure behind the Lavi project, stating in 2013 that if the project had not been cancelled the IAF "would be operating the world's most advanced fighter, upgraded over the years to incorporate operational experience and newer technology."
385:
aircraft. Shortly afterwards, Israel approved the purchase of 90 F-16Cs from the United States, which acted as an effective replacement to the Lavi. It was reported that China and South Africa were interested in continuing with the development of the Lavi.
486:
major Zhang
Weigang in a 2012 interview. There have been no public statements or formal claims along those lines; by 2000, however, advanced technology transfer to China of any origin had become anathema to the US, which forced Israel to cancel a sale of
351:
Argentina; there were reports of significant South
African interest and involvement during the early development of the Lavi. In later development, however, Israel had given the U.S. explicit guarantees that the Lavi would not be made available to export.
170:
that Israel's combat aircraft should fall into 'two-tiers' – a small number of high performance aircraft and a larger bulk with less sophistication and complexity. In the mid-1970s, the plane that was to become the Lavi was meant to be a multirole
552:
The Lavi employed a mainly traditional airframe, the majority of development focus being upon the avionics and systems to provide the aircraft's performance edge instead. In order to meet the low structural weight requirements imposed, the use of
398:; the remaining units, B-01, B-04 and B-05, were all ultimately scrapped. Two years after the project's cancelation, IAI completed the third Lavi prototype (B-03), which made its first flight on 25 September 1989. B-03 proceeded to serve as a
218:
situated forward of the wing. The delta wing arrangement was relatively low-weight, provided space for considerable fuel capacity, a smooth low-altitude fight attitude, and high levels of directional stability while flown at high
458:, an advanced trainer aircraft that it was in the process of procuring at the time, would receive the name Lavi in Israeli service; a total of 30 M-346s are to be operated by the service from 2014.
428:
Despite the Lavi's cancellation, the investment in its development had significant results. The technological knowledge accumulated during the development contributed to the achievement of Israel's
623:
multi-mode radar for the Lavi, which was equipped with a programmable signal processor and was capable of various air-to-air and air-to-ground modes, including high-resolution mapping,
183:; however continuous revisions of the proposed aircraft led to the incorporation of more advanced technologies and ideas to produce an ambitious aircraft in the class of the American
120:
due to competition with
American jets on the export market. By 1984 Israel, with a population of 4 million, had amongst the world's highest military expenditure as a proportion of
474:
had benefited from technical information from the Lavi project, citing
Russian engineers who claim to have heard this from Chinese colleagues. In 2007, the J-10's designer,
116:(IAI), during the 1980s. The decision to develop the Lavi was controversial, both with the Israeli public, due to the enormous associated costs, and particularly with the
268:
The development program was planned to involve a total of five prototypes of the Lavi being completed, three of which were to have used a two-seat cockpit configuration.
425:
radar, which had originally been developed for use on the Lavi is one such example; it has since been exported and equipped upon a wide range of operational aircraft.
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608:
self-protection systems. These are claimed to have been capable of rapid threat identification and automated response, incorporating a suite of active and passive
142:
The Lavi performed successfully in flight-tests, with its flight handling described as "excellent" by test pilots. The Lavi was planned to be the mainstay of the
2335:
2138:
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the technological talents of around 5,000 Israeli scientists and engineers who had been employed on this one project; many, for example, were reemployed on the
248:, as being an important program to modernise Israeli industry overall and to increase its technical ability, helping the nation progress towards becoming a
2365:
135:
The
Israeli cabinet's late-stage cancellation of the program, by a 12–11 vote, continued to arouse controversy and bitterness in Israel for decades, with
1728:
963:
1304:
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thrust-to-weight ratio while equipped with a combat payload, the airframe of the Lavi was designed to be capable of routinely withstanding up to 9
2294:
376:, publicly stated that Israel could not realistically afford the "luxury of producing fighter-aircraft" and would harm overall economic growth.
2304:
1739:“Killing the Lavi: Tracing the unintended consequences of the fateful 1987 cancellation of Israel’s largest single weapons development program”
1347:
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and IAI. If it had been brought into service, the Lavi may have become the first operational aircraft to employ fully digital flight controls.
1476:
2098:
124:, at approximately 18.9%, which was considered unsustainable. These issues contributed to the ultimate cancellation of the aircraft, by the
214:
configuration, of which the company was already familiar with through its work on the earlier Kfir, which was paired with large, steerable
2131:
1454:
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was shaped in a manner that resulted in it naturally directing air into the engine intake and to avoid inlet blanking while flown at a
279:
prototype took to the air; it featured improvements and additional features over the first, with a belly-mounted fuel tank, a special
240:
classified as secret. The development of the Lavi was viewed by some figures in
Israeli military and government circles, most notably
2350:
418:
developed and made commercially available, fueling defense export sales and proving to be a lucrative business in its own right. The
1437:
1217:
187:. The IAF was estimated to have a requirement for 300 aircraft, 60 of which were expected to be combat-capable two-seat trainers.
2345:
944:
1527:
Vassilios Sitaras, The unknown history of the IAI Lavi, PTISI (FLIGHT) magazine special history issue N.5, fall 2004, (in Greek)
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and as a flying testbed for various internal IAI development projects; the aircraft saw later use as a ground testbed as well.
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was employed in elements such as the wing and its substructure, as well as the fin and the skin. The forward
455:
109:
2340:
2224:
1394:
Clarke, Duncan L. (Summer 1994). "The Arrow Missile: The United States, Israel and Strategic Cooperation".
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system in order to provide stability and control; this was one of the aircraft's more innovative features.
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2267:
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engine, capable of generating 20,260 lb of thrust and enabling the aircraft to attain a maximum speed of
1550:
1479:[Exclusive Interview with J-10 General Designer Song Wencong] (in Chinese). 2007. Archived from
1764:
1301:
342:
113:
59:
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armaments that would be potentially faced in combat, but the best American equipment as well, as both
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525:
373:
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992:
Clarke, Duncan L.; Cohen, Alan S. (Winter 1986). "The United States, Israel and the Lavi Fighter".
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systems. Both podded and internal countermeasures were to be used. Elta also developed the
215:
1498:
8:
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381:
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Conceptually, the Lavi had its origins in the idea espoused by IAF commander and
117:
101:
2193:
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902:
609:
369:
329:
172:
1706:
1694:
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1284:
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478:(宋文骢), denied any connection with the Lavi, pointing to similarities with the
2319:
1320:
Kaplan, Kenneth (26 September 1989). "Test Flight For Third Lavi Prototype".
850:
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1970:
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30:
1980:
1937:
1902:
1285:"Has Israel's U.S.-Funded Lavi Jet Been Reborn as China's J-10 Warplane?"
830:
590:
532:
518:
479:
347:
241:
136:
129:
1634:
The Sword and the Olive: A Critical History of the Israeli Defense Force
2064:
2035:
1919:
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1407:
1011:
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argued in favour of canceling the Lavi and acquiring 75 F-16s instead.
211:
296:
While the Lavi had attracted the steadfast support of IAF veteran and
2059:
1965:
1960:
1942:
1932:
1924:
1887:
1826:
1458:
892:
617:
488:
467:
419:
147:
2241:
1996:
1800:
1512:
1348:"Lockheed Martin will offer Elta radar for Israeli air force F-16."
753:
664:
558:
528:
433:
180:
573:
231:
The adoption of certain components, such as an engine produced by
2052:
2023:
2016:
541:
432:
of a satellite into space in 1988. It resulted in a new level in
368:
burden of developing the Lavi were such that the Governor of the
358:
Shimon Peres seated in the cockpit of a mock-up Lavi, August 1985
1438:"Israeli Defense Ministry Received the Last 'LAVI' Jet Trainer."
2105:
578:
1683:
Assorted footage of IAI Lavi prototypes during various flights
2077:
2006:
945:
In Israel, lingering bitterness over a failed fighter project
483:
409:
A preserved IAI Lavi being displayed during a celebration of
405:
297:
196:
150:
have been preserved, and have been placed on public display.
2084:
429:
203:
were being supplied with modern American fighter aircraft.
1695:
Video of Lavi development activities and its first flight
504:
271:
On 31 December 1986, the first prototype took off on its
121:
1589:
Israeli Foreign Policy: South Africa and Central America
1619:
Start-up Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle
318:"The Lavi is better for security than holding onto the
1651:. Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 2000.
1513:"The Phalcon Sale to China: The Lessons For Israel".
1363:"Multimode Airborne Fire Control Radar - EL/M-2032."
1218:"Israelis Decide Not to Construct Lavi Jet Fighter".
840:
872:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
1604:Middle East Contemporary Survey: Volume XI – 1987
756:, 91.5 kN (20,600 lbf) with afterburner
593:flight control system, which was co-developed by
2317:
1455:"Chinese J-10 'benefited from the Lavi project'"
513:contemporary F-16 block 30 (7,030 vs 8,300 kg).
1707:Summarisation of the Lavi's development history
1530:
1176:
1174:
771:1,965 km/h (1,221 mph, 1,061 kn)
291:
2336:Cancelled military aircraft projects of Israel
1155:
1153:
2132:
1765:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
783:3,700 km (2,300 mi, 2,000 nmi)
535:1.85. The engine, which was derived from the
1171:
955:
953:
612:, such as power-managed noise and deception
1258:
1150:
1067:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
991:
482:developed in the 1960s. This was echoed by
394:display at the Israeli Air Force museum at
235:, were viewed as foregone conclusions; the
2139:
2125:
1772:
1758:
1735:by Ruud Deurenberg, Jewish Virtual Library
1250:"The Lavi, a Dream Aborted in Mid-flight."
1074:
1018:
679:Pratt & Whitney PW1120 turbojet engine
577:Closeup view of the Lavi's supersonic air
175:to replace aging IAF aircraft such as the
1722:, USAF, Federation of American Scientists
1234:"The Israeli fighter jet that never was."
1183:
950:
801:303.2 kg/m (62.1 lb/sq ft)
454:In July 2013, the IAF announced that the
1574:The Defence Industrial Base and the West
1422:"Israel's Lavi reborn as renamed M-346."
1289:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
1159:Rabinovich and Shaked 1989, pp. 464–467.
1062:
1046:
961:"Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) Lavi."
931:
929:
674:
663:
659:
572:
503:
470:alleged that China's development of the
440:boom of the 1990s by releasing into the
404:
353:
259:
2366:Israel–United States military relations
1726:"Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) Lavi"
1120:Rabinovich and Shaked 1989, pp. 465–66.
388:
110:fourth-generation multirole jet fighter
2318:
1452:
1393:
1319:
2148:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
2120:
1753:
926:
888:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
132:phase of development in August 1987.
2273:2015 Moncks Corner mid-air collision
1602:Rabinovich, Itamar and Haim Shaked.
1564:"IAI Lavi: custom-built for Israel."
706:14.57 m (47 ft 10 in)
1516:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
1384:Senor and Singer 2009, pp. 181–183.
1282:
1147:Rabinovich and Shaked 1989, p. 486.
712:8.78 m (28 ft 10 in)
466:In 2008, aviation publishing house
105:
13:
1559:, 29 January 1991. pp. 22–25.
718:4.78 m (15 ft 8 in)
14:
2382:
1781:Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI)
1664:
1477:"完全原创--专访歼10总设计师宋文骢院士[图]"
1402:(3). Middle East Institute: 477.
795:254 m/s (50,000 ft/min)
524:The Lavi was powered by a single
461:
210:Early on, IAI decided to adopt a
2351:Science and technology in Israel
1716:"The United States and the LAVI"
1701:
1689:
1677:
1302:Israel Aircraft Industries: Lavi
1106:"Books: Who shot down the Lavi?"
857:
843:
641:
264:Head-on view of a Lavi prototype
29:
1542:
1521:
1505:
1487:
1469:
1446:
1430:
1414:
1387:
1378:
1375:, Retrieved: 24 September 2016.
1356:
1341:
1334:"IAI Fills Gaps Left by Lavi".
1328:
1313:
1295:
1276:
1267:
1242:
1226:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1162:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1098:
973:, Retrieved: 23 September 2016.
742:19,277 kg (42,499 lb)
724:33 m (360 sq ft)
508:Forward fuselage of an IAI Lavi
491:airborne early warning planes.
2346:1980s Israeli fighter aircraft
1569:, 30 July 1983. pp. 236-.
1518:, Retrieved 27 September 2007.
985:
976:
938:
789:15,240 m (50,000 ft)
736:9,991 kg (22,026 lb)
730:7,031 kg (15,501 lb)
284:significant proportion of the
153:
108:, "lion") is a single-engined
1:
2371:Fourth-generation jet fighter
1621:. Hachette Book Group, 2009.
1617:Senor, Dan and Singer, Saul.
915:
456:Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master
16:Israeli prototype jet fighter
2361:Aircraft first flown in 1986
2225:New Fighter Aircraft Project
920:
634:
604:held responsibility for the
436:systems, and contributed to
292:Controversy and cancellation
7:
2356:Single-engined jet aircraft
2268:1996 Turkish F-16 shootdown
2220:Lightweight Fighter program
2156:Experimental and prototypes
2150:family and related aircraft
1198:Haglund 1989, pp. 208, 212.
836:
568:
547:
499:
10:
2387:
1649:Combat Aircraft since 1945
1536:Fleming 1983, pp. 236-237.
1283:Gee, John (1 April 2007).
1207:Haglund 1989, pp. 214–213.
750:Pratt & Whitney PW1120
526:Pratt & Whitney PW1120
343:Minister without Portfolio
255:
158:
114:Israel Aircraft Industries
60:Israel Aircraft Industries
2251:
2233:
2215:Enhanced Tactical Fighter
2207:
2176:
2155:
2073:
1989:
1951:
1878:
1847:
1819:
1788:
1700:
1688:
1676:
1671:
1591:. South End Press, 1987.
1129:Van Creveld 2008, p. 271.
982:Van Creveld 2008, p. 274.
494:
86:
81:
73:
65:
53:
45:
40:
28:
23:
2258:Accidents and incidents
1606:. Westview Press, 1989.
1495:"少将驳斥"战机抄袭论"：歼-10源自于歼-9"
1168:Haglund 1989, pp. 205–6.
935:Wilson 2000, p. 78.
537:Pratt & Whitney F100
341:Proponents, such as the
112:developed in Israel, by
1820:Other military aircraft
1731:12 January 2017 at the
1636:. PublicAffairs, 2008.
1453:Hewson, Robert (2008).
1180:Hunter 1987, pp. 44–45.
966:12 January 2017 at the
691:General characteristics
668:IAI Lavi on display in
400:technology demonstrator
69:Canceled in August 1987
1929:Super Heron (Heron HF)
1497:. 2012. Archived from
971:Jewish Virtual Library
680:
672:
585:
509:
449:anti-ballistic missile
414:
359:
324:
265:
2189:KAI T-50 Golden Eagle
2184:AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo
1783:aircraft and missiles
1632:Van Creveld, Martin.
1273:Haglund 1989, p. 215.
1264:Haglund 1989, p. 213.
1138:Haglund 1989, p. 206.
1095:Fleming 1983, p. 237.
1043:Fleming 1983, p. 263.
1004:Middle East Institute
898:AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo
878:CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder
678:
667:
660:Specifications (Lavi)
576:
507:
411:Israel's independence
408:
357:
316:
263:
185:General Dynamics F-16
1865:Galaxy / G200 / G250
1567:Flight International
1557:Flight International
1552:Vision of the Future
1501:on 21 February 2013.
1425:Flight International
1351:Flight International
1216:Friedman, Thomas L.
629:look-down/shoot-down
389:Aftermath and legacy
2341:Delta-wing aircraft
2300:Operational history
2104:Joint venture with
2097:Joint venture with
2090:Joint venture with
2083:Joint venture with
2076:Under license from
1953:Loitering munitions
1576:. Routledge, 1989.
1511:Adelman, Jonathan.
1436:Dombe, Ami Rojkes.
1396:Middle East Journal
1368:17 May 2017 at the
1307:1 July 2007 at the
1255:, 5 September 2012.
1189:Hunter 1987, p. 45.
1071:Hunter 1987, p. 44.
1059:Farley 1991, p. 22.
995:Middle East Journal
740:Max takeoff weight:
555:composite materials
382:Israeli Labor Party
288:had been explored.
233:Pratt & Whitney
177:Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
165:Minister of Defence
41:General information
35:Lavi B-02 prototype
1741:by John W. Golan,
1572:Haglund, David G.
1562:Fleming, Charles.
1483:on 8 January 2007.
1353:, 28 January 1998.
959:Deurenberg, Ruud.
908:Saab JAS 39 Gripen
681:
673:
606:electronic warfare
586:
510:
438:Israel's high-tech
415:
360:
266:
126:Israeli government
2313:
2312:
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1647:Wilson, Stewart.
1239:, 30 August 2015.
1232:Druckman, Yaron.
1223:, 31 August 1987.
947:15 Oct. 2013, UPI
654:Israeli Air Force
625:terrain avoidance
336:
281:midair refuelling
144:Israeli Air Force
94:
93:
49:Multirole fighter
2378:
2262:Belgian UFO wave
2234:Notable aircraft
2141:
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2019:
1933:Eitan (Heron TP)
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1789:Fighter aircraft
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396:Hatzerim Airbase
337:
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250:developed nation
221:angles of attack
107:
90:31 December 1986
33:
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1966:Harop (Harpy 2)
1947:
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1733:Wayback Machine
1720:James DeLoughry
1702:
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1465:on 26 May 2008.
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1111:, 3 March 2016.
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631:functionality.
610:countermeasures
600:IAI subsidiary
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286:flight envelope
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118:U.S. government
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1665:External links
1663:
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1600:
1587:Hunter, Jane.
1585:
1570:
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1549:Farley, John.
1546:
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1520:
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1443:, 8 June 2016.
1441:Israel Defense
1429:
1427:, 2 July 2013.
1413:
1386:
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1340:
1338:, 4 July 1990.
1336:Jerusalem Post
1327:
1322:Jerusalem Post
1312:
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1248:Arens, Moshe.
1241:
1225:
1221:New York Times
1209:
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1109:Jerusalem Post
1104:Arens, Moshe.
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903:Mitsubishi F-2
900:
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793:Rate of climb:
790:
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775:Maximum speed:
772:
769:Maximum speed:
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583:splitter plate
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462:China question
460:
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370:Bank of Israel
330:Prime Minister
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173:fighter-bomber
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1657:1-875671-50-1
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1642:0-7867-2546-X
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1420:Egozi, Arie.
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851:Israel portal
841:
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829:
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809:
807:
806:Thrust/weight
803:
800:
799:Wing loading:
797:
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788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
766:
765:
763:
755:
752:afterburning
751:
747:
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741:
738:
735:
734:Gross weight:
732:
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728:Empty weight:
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431:
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424:
423:pulse doppler
421:
412:
407:
403:
401:
397:
386:
383:
377:
375:
374:Michael Bruno
371:
366:
356:
352:
349:
344:
338:
335:, 18 May 1987
334:
331:
323:
321:
314:
312:
311:Avihu Ben-Nun
308:
304:
299:
289:
287:
282:
278:
274:
273:maiden flight
269:
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128:, during the
127:
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72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2326:IAI aircraft
2285:
2240:
2208:Competitions
1976:Green Dragon
1860:Astra / G100
1810:
1742:
1648:
1633:
1618:
1603:
1588:
1573:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1543:Bibliography
1532:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1499:the original
1489:
1481:the original
1471:
1463:the original
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1399:
1395:
1389:
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1315:
1297:
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1252:
1244:
1237:ynetnews.com
1236:
1228:
1220:
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1194:
1185:
1164:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1108:
1100:
999:
993:
987:
978:
970:
940:
912:
883:Chengdu J-10
871:
870:
823:
815:
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804:
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703:
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690:
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683:
682:
599:
595:Lear Siegler
587:
551:
523:
515:
511:
476:Song Wencong
472:Chengdu J-10
465:
453:
430:first launch
427:
416:
392:
378:
365:the Pentagon
361:
340:
333:Shimon Peres
325:
317:
295:
276:
270:
267:
246:Shimon Peres
237:Beit Shemesh
230:
209:
205:
201:Saudi Arabia
189:
168:Ezer Weizman
162:
141:
134:
97:
95:
87:First flight
77:3 prototypes
74:Number built
55:Manufacturer
18:
2177:Derivatives
831:DEFA cannon
762:Performance
746:Powerplant:
591:fly-by-wire
565:condition.
519:fly-by-wire
480:Chengdu J-9
348:Comptroller
242:Moshe Arens
225:fly-by-wire
154:Development
137:Moshe Arens
130:flight-test
2320:Categories
2280:In fiction
2168:X-62 VISTA
2065:Wind Demon
916:References
722:Wing area:
670:Beer-Sheva
320:Gaza Strip
212:delta wing
148:prototypes
2295:Operators
2060:SkySniper
921:Citations
893:HAL Tejas
710:Wingspan:
684:Data from
635:Operators
618:EL/M-2032
451:program.
420:EL/M-2032
307:F/A-18C/D
2305:Variants
2288:(series)
2242:Netz 107
1990:Missiles
1971:Harpy NG
1915:Bird-Eye
1910:Searcher
1855:Westwind
1729:Archived
1373:IAI Elta
1366:Archived
1305:Archived
1253:Haarterz
964:Archived
837:See also
816:Armament
777:Mach 1.6
754:turbofan
569:Avionics
563:sideslip
559:fuselage
548:Airframe
529:turbofan
500:Overview
434:avionics
328:Israeli
305:and the
181:IAI Kfir
98:IAI Lavi
2053:Arrow 3
2031:Gabriel
2024:Barak 8
2017:Barak 1
2002:Jericho
1981:Rotem L
1961:Harpy 1
1938:Panther
1925:Heron 1
1893:Pioneer
1832:Seascan
1718:by Col
1408:4328717
1012:4327246
716:Height:
704:Length:
621:Doppler
614:jamming
489:Phalcon
442:economy
413:in 2007
303:F-16C/D
256:Testing
216:canards
159:Origins
82:History
2286:Falcon
2264:(1990)
2252:Topics
2163:F-16XL
2106:Boeing
2092:Rafael
2036:JUMPER
2012:Nimrod
1997:Shavit
1920:I-View
1903:Ranger
1898:Hunter
1837:Tzukit
1806:Nammer
1796:Nesher
1744:Tablet
1655:
1640:
1625:
1610:
1595:
1580:
1459:Jane's
1406:
1010:
1006:: 17.
781:Range:
686:Wilson
648:Israel
646:
627:, and
579:intake
495:Design
468:Jane's
193:Soviet
102:Hebrew
66:Status
2078:Fouga
2046:Arrow
2007:LAHAT
1943:Ghost
1888:Scout
1827:Arava
1404:JSTOR
1008:JSTOR
1002:(1).
828:30 mm
824:Guns:
698:Crew:
581:with
484:PLAAF
446:Arrow
298:Likud
197:Egypt
2099:DRDO
2085:RUAG
2041:LORA
1880:UAVs
1870:G280
1811:Lavi
1801:Kfir
1653:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1608:ISBN
1593:ISBN
1578:ISBN
826:1 ×
810:0.94
748:1 ×
602:Elta
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