1122:
650:
1214:
1110:
2250:
off after both wars, but has increased once again in the last few decades, averaging 500 field staff in the 1980s and over a thousand in the 1990s. Beginning in the 1970s, the ICRC became more systematic in training to develop a more professional staff. The ICRC offers attractive careers for university graduates, especially in
Switzerland, but the workload as an ICRC employee is demanding. 15% of the staff leaves each year and 75% of employees stay less than three years. The ICRC staff is multi-national and averaged about 50% non-Swiss citizens in 2004. The ICRC's international staff are assisted in their work by some 15,000 national employees hired in the countries where the delegations are based.
637:
1241:, in memory of the organization's origins in the Battle of Solferino. An agreement with the Swiss government signed on 19 March 1993, affirmed the already long-standing policy of full independence of the committee from any possible interference by Switzerland. The agreement protects the full sanctity of all ICRC property in Switzerland including its headquarters and archive, grants members and staff legal immunity, exempts the ICRC from all taxes and fees, guarantees the protected and duty-free transfer of goods, services, and money, provides the ICRC with secure communication privileges at the same level as foreign embassies, and simplifies Committee travel in and out of Switzerland.
2218:
9546:
9716:
9650:
7568:
8947:
8489:
715:
8911:
663:
7513:
2232:
2106:
702:
7470:
728:
2389:, according to Fiona Terry, head of ICRC's operational research centre. Terry contends that "this is particularly true of ICRC, whose mandate, reputation, and discretion imbue its presence with a particularly affirming quality." Recognizing this power, the ICRC can pressure weak governments to change their behaviour by threatening to withdraw. As mentioned above, Nelson Mandela acknowledged that the ICRC compelled better treatment of prisoners and had leverage over his South African captors because "avoiding international condemnation was the authorities' main goal."
676:
7549:
424:. In a single day, about 40,000 soldiers on both sides died or were left wounded on the field. Henry Dunant was shocked by the terrible aftermath of the battle, the suffering of the wounded soldiers, and the near-total lack of medical attendance and basic care. He completely abandoned the original intent of his trip and for several days he devoted himself to helping with the treatment and care for the wounded. He succeeded in organizing an overwhelming level of relief assistance by motivating the local population to aid without discrimination. Back in his home in
9355:
9163:
7181:
9701:
611:
7338:
4812:
9531:
7720:
585:
8881:
842:
1871:
8833:
8441:
9271:
7145:
9686:
9187:
7611:
9055:
7446:
7666:
7278:
7775:
5715:
8741:
7580:
9367:
8669:
772:
829:, extended the scope of the Geneva Convention to naval warfare. Shortly before the beginning of the First World War in 1914, 50 years after the foundation of the ICRC and the adoption of the first Geneva Convention, there were already 45 national relief societies throughout the world. The movement had extended itself beyond Europe and North America to Central and South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, El Salvador, Uruguay, Venezuela), Asia (the Republic of China, Japan, Korea,
8778:
2311:, which the ICRC refused to accept as a protective symbol due to its ostensibly religious symbolism in a country marred by ethno-religious conflicts. This meant that although ambulances operated by Red Crescent societies were protected by the Geneva Conventions, those displaying the Star of David were not. In protest over the ICRC's stance, the American Red Cross withdrew its financial support. In 2005, at a meeting of nations party to the Geneva Conventions, the ICRC adopted a new symbol called
439:
9379:
8609:
965:
Geneva
Convention was adopted in 1925 which outlawed the use of suffocating or poisonous gases and biological agents as weapons. Four years later, the original Convention was revised and the second Geneva Convention "relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War" was established. The events of World War I and the respective activities of the ICRC significantly increased the reputation and authority of the Committee among the international community and led to an extension of its competencies.
7004:
1975:
Council and the
Assembly, but does not necessarily come from within the ICRC. There is a strong faction within the Assembly that wants to reach outside the organization to select a President from Swiss government or professional circles (such as banking or medicine). In fact, the four most recent Presidents were all previously officials for the Swiss government. The President's influence and role are not well-defined, and change depending upon the times and each President's personal style.
9635:
8333:
7979:
7011:
689:
9247:
9307:
9079:
9007:
8959:
7398:
2190:
2204:
9091:
8899:
8621:
8207:
7763:
7217:
7085:
6997:
8219:
2324:
2268:
7537:
8717:
9671:
9403:
9235:
9199:
8995:
8537:
8453:
8243:
8171:
7592:
7458:
7241:
7205:
8935:
8561:
8369:
8357:
7883:
9115:
8633:
8345:
9561:
9427:
9019:
8465:
8063:
7955:
7157:
2162:
2120:
8099:
598:
7895:
7253:
1615:
64:
9475:
9043:
8753:
8525:
8393:
8015:
7823:
7708:
7422:
7386:
7350:
9223:
9211:
9139:
9031:
8802:
8693:
8405:
8195:
7811:
7690:
7525:
7434:
7847:
9343:
9283:
8657:
8573:
8501:
8309:
8135:
8039:
8027:
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7787:
7732:
7623:
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7326:
7265:
7229:
7169:
7121:
9439:
9415:
9391:
9067:
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8549:
8297:
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7678:
7193:
7109:
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2176:
1791:
organizations like the
European Union. All payments to the ICRC are voluntary and are received as donations based on two types of appeals issued by the committee: an annual Headquarters Appeal to cover its internal costs and Emergency Appeals for its individual missions. In 2023, Ukraine is the ICRC's biggest humanitarian operation (at 316.5 million Swiss francs), followed by Afghanistan (218 million francs) and Syria (171.7 million francs).
9319:
9295:
8983:
8513:
8267:
8231:
8159:
8111:
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624:
853:, the ICRC found itself confronted with enormous challenges which it could only handle by working closely with the national Red Cross societies. Red Cross nurses from around the world, including the United States and Japan, came to support the medical services of the armed forces of the European countries involved in the war. On 15 October 1914, immediately after the start of the war, the ICRC set up its International Prisoners-of-War (
6939:
377:
9127:
8923:
8003:
7871:
2134:
1004:
9601:
9451:
9259:
9175:
8821:
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8645:
8597:
8429:
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8183:
7919:
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7302:
565:
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7835:
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1158:), accepted the assignment and visited the camps. Louis Haefliger prevented the forceful eviction or blasting of Mauthausen-Gusen by alerting American troops, thereby saving the lives of about 60,000 inmates. His actions were condemned by the ICRC because they were deemed as acting unduly on his own authority and risking the ICRC's neutrality. Only in 1990 was his reputation finally rehabilitated by ICRC President
1027:, of 28 October 1933. The activities of the committee were similar to those during World War I: visiting and monitoring POW camps, organizing relief assistance for civilian populations, and administering the exchange of messages regarding prisoners and missing persons. By the end of the war, 179 delegates had conducted 12,750 visits to POW camps in 41 countries. The Central Information Agency on Prisoners-of-War (
1210:, a new Convention "relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War," was established. Also, the additional protocols of 8 June 1977 were intended to make the conventions apply to internal conflicts such as civil wars. Today, the four conventions and their added protocols contain more than 600 articles, a remarkable expansion when compared to the mere 10 articles in the first 1864 convention.
2282:, but it has weathered some power struggles within the movement. The ICRC has come into conflict with the Federation and certain national societies at various times. The American Red Cross threatened to supplant the ICRC with its creation of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies as "a real international Red Cross" after the First World War. Elements of the
1849:. In the delegations, the international staff are assisted by some 15,000 national employees, bringing the total staff under the authority of the ICRC to roughly 18,000. Delegations also often work closely with the National Red Cross Societies of the countries where they are based, and thus can call on the volunteers of the National Red Cross to assist in some of the ICRC's operations.
1955:
Assembly meetings and for facilitating communication between the
Assembly and the Directorate. The Assembly Council normally includes the President, two Vice Presidents and two elected members. While one of the Vice Presidents is elected for a four-year term, the other is appointed permanently, his tenure ending by retirement from the vice presidency or from the committee. Currently
1747:
2007, almost half of ICRC staff was non-Swiss. The ICRC has special privileges and legal immunities in many countries, based on national law in these countries, based on agreements between the ICRC and the respective governments, or, in some cases, based on international jurisprudence (such as the right of ICRC delegates not to bear witness in front of international tribunals).
1206:. The 1929 Geneva convention "relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War" may have been the second Geneva Convention from a historical point of view (because it was actually formulated in Geneva), but after 1949 it came to be called the third Convention because it came later chronologically than the Hague Convention. Reacting to the experience of World War II, the
1804:
fewer donations in 2022 had put serious financial pressures on the world's leading international NGO that also supports the fair treatment of POWs during global conflicts. The recent overrepresentation of the
Ukrainian conflict in the international press had reduced the influx of donations to the international Red Cross. In May 2023, with a generous support by the
814:, a leading international pacifist. More significant than the honour of the prize itself, the official congratulation from the International Committee of the Red Cross marked the overdue rehabilitation of Henry Dunant and represented a tribute to his key role in the formation of the Red Cross. Dunant died nine years later in the small Swiss health resort of
3566:
the 39-year-old water and habitat engineer in the head and burned one car, warning two
Afghans accompanying him not to work for foreigners...Asked what action ICRC was taking, Bouvier explained that 'for the time being, the ICRC has decided to temporarily freeze all field trips in Afghanistan, calling all staff to the main delegation's offices.'
1352:, the ICRC's work actually became more dangerous. In the 1990s, more delegates lost their lives than at any point in its history, especially when working in local and internal armed conflicts. These incidents often demonstrated a lack of respect for the rules of the Geneva Conventions and their protection symbols. Among the slain delegates were:
1862:
and
Information Management", and "International Law and Cooperation within the Movement". The members of the Directorate are appointed by the Assembly to serve for four years. The Director-General has assumed more personal responsibility in recent years, much like a CEO, where he was formerly more of a first among equals at the Directorate.
1982:, a reclusive man who rarely made diplomatic appearances, but was quite skilled in personal negotiation and comfortable with the dynamics of the Assembly. Since July 2012, the President has been Peter Maurer, a Swiss citizen who is a former Secretary for Foreign Affairs. He was appointed by the Assembly for a renewable four-year term.
799:. More and more countries signed the Geneva Convention and began to respect it in practice during armed conflicts. In a rather short period of time, the Red Cross gained huge momentum as an internationally respected movement, and the national societies became increasingly popular as a venue for volunteer work.
1795:
Denmark (26), Belgium (25), Ireland (18), Austria (17), Luxembourg (14), Finland (13), Spain (12), Italy (12), and New
Zealand (10). The ICRC budget is becoming increasingly fragile due to its over-reliance on European and North American governments, little private contributions and very little funding from
3581:
1730:
within the territory of
Switzerland for many years. On 19 March 1993, a legal foundation for this special treatment was created by a formal agreement between the Swiss government and the ICRC. This agreement protects the full sanctity of all ICRC property in Switzerland including its headquarters and
893:
with scenes from the POW camps. The pictures showed the prisoners in day-to-day activities such as the distribution of letters from home. The intention of the ICRC was to provide the families of the prisoners with some hope and solace and to alleviate their uncertainties about the fate of their loved
740:
The convention contained ten articles, establishing for the first time legally binding rules guaranteeing neutrality and protection for wounded soldiers, field medical personnel, and specific humanitarian institutions in an armed conflict. Furthermore, the convention defined two specific requirements
1954:
Furthermore, the Assembly elects a five-member Assembly Council that constitutes an especially active core of the Assembly. The Council meets at least ten times per year and has the authority to decide on behalf of the full Assembly in some matters. The council is also responsible for organizing the
1861:
The Directorate is the executive body of the ICRC. It attends to the daily management of the ICRC, whereas the Assembly sets policy. The Directorate consists of a Director-General and five directors in the areas of "Operations", "Human Resources", "Financial Resources and Logistics ", "Communication
1803:
In March 2023, the ICRC had reported a serious decline in contributions and announced cuts of CHF430 million for 2023 and 2024 with a resulting lay-off of 1,800 jobs at the headquarters and in delegations worldwide. The overall budget has almost doubled in ten years from CHF1.18 billion in 2012. But
1794:
In 2021, the top donors (>10 million Swiss Francs) to the ICRC were: the United States (544) followed by Germany (247), Switzerland (156), the United Kingdom (153), the European Commission (129), Sweden (93), Norway (87), Canada (66), Japan (51), the Netherlands (46), France (45), Australia (35),
1510:
with local colleagues on 27 March 2003 when their car was stopped by unknown armed men. He was killed execution-style at point-blank range while his colleagues were allowed to escape. He was 39 years old. The killing prompted the ICRC to temporarily suspend operations across Afghanistan. Thereby the
1201:
On 12 August 1949, further revisions to the existing two Geneva Conventions were adopted. An additional convention "for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea", now called the second Geneva Convention, was brought under the Geneva Convention
1101:
Swiss historian Jean-Claude Favez, who conducted an 8-year review of the Red Cross records, says that even though the Red Cross knew by November 1942 about the Nazi's annihilation plans for the Jews â and even discussed it with U.S. officials â the group did nothing to inform the public, maintaining
1058:
During the war, the ICRC failed to obtain an agreement with Nazi Germany about the treatment of detainees in concentration camps, and it eventually abandoned applying pressure to avoid disrupting its work with POWs. There was no public condemnation of treatment in concentration camps, and a proposed
968:
As early as in 1934, a draft proposal for an additional convention for the protection of the civil population during an armed conflict was adopted by the International Red Cross Conference. Unfortunately, most governments had little interest in implementing this convention, and it was thus prevented
955:
It should be in reality, and not merely in name an International Committee, a Committee on which there will be representatives from all countries, instead of, as at present, a committee consisting of amiable but somewhat ineffective Geneva gentlemen. That which calls itself "international" has grown
877:
were used in this war for the first time in history, the ICRC vigorously protested against this new type of warfare. Even without having a mandate from the Geneva Conventions, the ICRC tried to ameliorate the suffering of civil populations. In territories that were officially designated as "occupied
790:
In the following years, national societies were founded in nearly every country in Europe. The project resonated well with patriotic sentiments that were on the rise in the late-nineteenth-century, and national societies were often encouraged as signifiers of national moral superiority. In 1876, the
3565:
Ricardo Munguia, a Swiss citizen of Salvadorian origin was travelling with Afghan colleagues on an assignment to improve the water supply to the district. He was shot in cold blood on Thursday by a group of unidentified assailants who stopped the vehicles transporting them...the assailants had shot
2249:
As the ICRC has grown and become more directly involved in conflicts, it has seen an increase in professional staff rather than volunteers over the years. The ICRC had only twelve employees in 1914 and 1,900 in the Second World War complemented its 1,800 volunteers. The number of paid staff dropped
1746:
it does not have a policy of open and unrestricted membership for individuals as its new members are selected by the Committee itself (a process called cooptation). However, since the early 1990s, the ICRC employs persons from all over the world to serve in its field mission and at Headquarters. In
1252:
in 1995 but admitted, "We must acknowledge that despite our efforts to help thousands of civilians forcibly expelled from the town and despite the dedication of our colleagues on the spot, the ICRC's impact on the unfolding of the tragedy was extremely limited." It went public once again in 2007 to
1015:
The most reliable primary source on the role of the Red Cross during World War II are the three volumes of the "Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the second world war (September 1, 1939 â June 30, 1947)" written by the International Committee of the Red
964:
In 1923, the Committee adopted a change in its policy regarding the selection of new members. Until then, only citizens from the city of Geneva could serve in the committee. This limitation was expanded to include Swiss citizens. As a direct consequence of World War I, an additional protocol to the
572:
Only one year later, the Swiss government invited the governments of all European countries, as well as the United States, Brazil, and Mexico, to attend an official diplomatic conference. Sixteen countries sent a total of twenty-six delegates to Geneva. On 22 August 1864, the conference adopted the
482:
Eight days later, on 17 February 1863, the five men held the first meeting of the Sub-committee and decided the Sub-committee should declare itself constituted a "Permanent International Committee", which would thus continue to exist as an "International Committee for Relief of Wounded in the event
454:
held a meeting where it was decided to give serious consideration to the suggestions made in Dunant's book and appointed five of its members to form a Sub-committee charged with the preparation of a Memorandum on these matters for submission to the Welfare Congress to be held in Berlin in September
434:
which he published with his own money in 1862. He sent copies of the book to leading political and military figures throughout Europe. In addition to penning a vivid description of his experiences in Solferino in 1859, he explicitly advocated the formation of national voluntary relief organizations
2286:
desired to supplant the Swiss authority of the ICRC after WWII. Over time the Swedish sentiments subsided, and the IFRC grew to work more harmoniously with the ICRC after years of organizational discord. Currently, the IFRC's Movement Cooperation division organizes interaction and cooperation with
2258:
The ICRC operates in over 80 countries with a total number of 18,000 employed people worldwide. The extensive network of ICRC missions and delegations can help to relieve nations affected by conflict and violence. Over the past few years, the ICRC's largest operations have typically been in Yemen,
1570:
Lorena Enebral-Perez. She was a physiotherapy specialist and requested a mission in Afghanistan where she could focus on children with disabilities. On 11 September 2017, while working at the ICRC's physical rehabilitation centre in Mazar-i-Sharif, Lorena was shot by a patient in a wheelchair. She
1529:
Emmerich Pregetter (Austria). He was an ICRC Logistics Specialist who was killed by a swarm of bees on 11 August 2008. Emmerich was participating in a field trip along with the ICRC Water and Habitat team on a convoy which was delivering construction material for reconstruction of a rural surgical
861:
in monetary donations to POWs of all affected countries. Furthermore, due to the intervention of the Agency, about 200,000 prisoners were exchanged between the warring parties, released from captivity and returned to their home country. The organizational card index of the Agency accumulated about
787:
public opinion, combined with an ongoing conflict with Gustave Moynier, led to Dunant's expulsion from his position as a member and secretary. He was charged with fraudulent bankruptcy and a warrant for his arrest was issued. Thus, he was forced to leave Geneva and never returned to his home city.
1974:
The Assembly also selects, for a term of four years, one individual to act as President of the ICRC. The President is both a member of the Assembly and the leader of the ICRC, and has always been included on the Council since its formation. The President automatically becomes a member of both the
1790:
The 2023 budget of the ICRC amounts to 2.5 billion Swiss francs. Most of that money comes from states, including Switzerland in its capacity as the depositary state of the Geneva Conventions, from national Red Cross societies, the signatory states of the Geneva Conventions, and from international
1165:
In 1944, the ICRC received its second Nobel Peace Prize. As in World War I, it received the only Peace Prize awarded during the main period of war, 1939 to 1945. At the end of the war, the ICRC worked with national Red Cross societies to organize relief assistance to those countries most severely
786:
Also in 1867, Henry Dunant was forced to declare bankruptcy due to business failures in Algeria, partly because he had neglected his business interests during his tireless activities for the International Committee. The controversy surrounding Dunant's business dealings and the resulting negative
1878:
The Assembly (also called the committee) convenes on a regular basis and is responsible for defining aims, guidelines, and strategies and for supervising the financial matters of the committee. The Assembly has a membership of a maximum of twenty-five Swiss citizens. Members must speak the house
960:
The League was established in 1919 with Davison as its chairman. However, "Swiss aloofness or unilateralism was hard to overcome", and the relationship between the ICRC and the League became, and remained, a problem for years to come. The untimely death of Davison in 1922 after an operation will
1840:
and has external offices called Delegations (or in rare cases, "missions") in about eighty countries. Each delegation is under the responsibility of a Head of delegation who is the official representative of the ICRC in the country. Of its 3,000 professional employees, roughly 1,000 work in its
1273:
and the need to keep the memory of it alive, so as to prevent any repetition of it. He paid tribute to all those who had suffered or lost their lives during the war and publicly regretted the past mistakes and shortcomings of the Red Cross with regard to the victims of the concentration camps.
1852:
The organizational structure of the ICRC is not well understood by outsiders. This is partly because of organizational secrecy, but also because the structure itself has been prone to frequent change. The Assembly and Presidency are two long-standing institutions, but the Assembly Council and
1062:
After November 1943, the ICRC achieved permission to send parcels to concentration camp detainees with known names and locations. Because the notices of receipt for these parcels were often signed by other inmates, the ICRC managed to register the identities of about 105,000 detainees in the
486:
Among other activities, the Committee organized an international conference in Geneva in October (26â29) 1863 to develop possible measures to improve medical services on the battlefield. The conference was attended by 36 individuals: eighteen official delegates from national governments, six
1641:
Under the Geneva Convention, the red cross, red crescent and red crystal emblems provide protection for military medical services and relief workers in armed conflicts and is to be placed on humanitarian and medical vehicles and buildings. The original emblem that has a red cross on a white
1105:
Because the Red Cross was based in Geneva and largely funded by the Swiss government, it was very sensitive to Swiss wartime attitudes and policies. In October 1942, the Swiss government and the Red Cross' board of members vetoed a proposal by several Red Cross board members to condemn the
1658:
The official mission statement says that: "The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an impartial, neutral, and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of war and internal violence and to provide them with
765:
1472:
Fernanda Calado (Spain), Ingeborg Foss (Norway), Nancy Malloy (Canada), Gunnhild Myklebust (Norway), Sheryl Thayer (New Zealand), and Hans Elkerbout (Netherlands). They were shot at point-blank range while sleeping in the early hours of 17 December 1996 in the ICRC field hospital in the
1326:
Auschwitz also represents the greatest failure in the history of the ICRC, aggravated by its lack of decisiveness in taking steps to aid the victims of Nazi persecution. This failure will remain part of the ICRC's memory, as will the courageous acts of individual ICRC delegates at the
1225:, received its third Nobel Peace Prize. Since 1993, non-Swiss individuals have been allowed to serve as Committee delegates abroad, a task which was previously restricted to Swiss citizens. Indeed, since then, the share of staff without Swiss citizenship has increased to about 35%.
1883:
for a period of four years, and there is no limit to the number of terms an individual member can serve. A three-quarters majority vote from all members is required for re-election after the third term, which acts as a motivation for members to remain active and productive.
1059:
1942 appeal on the conduct of hostilities was abandoned. In addition, the ICRC failed to develop a response to reliable information about the extermination camps and the mass killing of European Jews. This is still considered the greatest failure of the ICRC in its history.
6878:
1514:
Vatche Arslanian (Canada). Since 2001, he worked as a logistics coordinator for the ICRC mission in Iraq. He died when he was travelling through Baghdad together with members of the Iraqi Red Crescent. Their car accidentally came into the crossfire of fighting in the
1731:
archive, grants members and staff legal immunity, exempts the ICRC from all taxes and fees, guarantees protected and duty-free transfer of goods, services, and money, provides the ICRC with secure communication privileges at the same level as foreign
882:'s "Laws and Customs of War on Land" of 1907. This convention was also the legal basis for the ICRC's work for prisoners of war. In addition to the work of the International Prisoner-of-War Agency as described above this included inspection visits to
559:
The introduction of a common distinctive protection symbol for medical personnel in the field, namely a white armlet bearing a red cross, honouring the history of neutrality of Switzerland and of its own Swiss organizers by reversing the Swiss flag's
1824:(the Federation, or IFRC). The ICRC and the Federation cooperate with the individual national societies in their international missions, especially with human, material, and financial resources and organizing on-site logistics. According to the 1997
2294:
which further defined the responsibilities of both organizations within the movement. According to the agreement, the Federation is the lead agency of the movement in any emergency situation which does not take place as part of an armed conflict.
1853:
Directorate were created only in the latter part of the twentieth century. Decisions are often made in a collective way, so authority and power relationships are not set in stone. Today, the leading organs are the Directorate and the Assembly.
1828:, the ICRC is the lead Red Cross agency in conflicts while other organizations within the movement take the lead in non-war situations. National societies will be given the lead especially when a conflict is happening within their own country.
435:
to help nurse wounded soldiers in the case of war. In addition, he called for the development of international treaties to guarantee the neutrality and protection of those wounded on the battlefield as well as medics and field hospitals.
9706:
1309:
finally, to establish the historical facts of the case, the ICRC invited Jean-Claude Favez to carry out an independent investigation of its activities on behalf of the victims of Nazi persecution, and gave him unfettered access to the
862:
7 million records from 1914 to 1923, each card representing an individual prisoner or missing person. The card index led to the identification of about 2 million POWs and the ability to contact their families, as part of the
6893:
1630:("Amidst War, Charity"). It has preserved this motto while other Red Cross organizations have adopted others. Due to Geneva's location in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, the ICRC is also known under its initial French name
6524:
857:) Agency, which had about 1,200 mostly volunteer staff members by the end of 1914. By the end of the war, the Agency had transferred about 20 million letters and messages, 1.9 million parcels, and about 18 million
1133:
accepting the ICRC's demand to allow delegates to visit the concentration camps. This agreement was bound by the condition that these delegates would have to stay in the camps until the end of the war. Ten delegates, among them
1492:, formerly Zaire), Julio Delgado (Colombia), Unen Ufoirworth (DR Congo), Aduwe Boboli (DR Congo), and Jean Molokabonge (DR Congo). On 26 April 2001, they were en route with two cars on a relief mission in the northeast of the
1799:
countries. By way of example, in 2021, the United States provided the ICRC over 544 million Swiss Francs, while the Russian Federation provided 1 million, China 710,000, South Africa 225,106 and Brasil made no contribution.
1166:
affected. In 1948, the Committee published a report reviewing its war-era activities from 1 September 1939 to 30 June 1947. Since January 1996, the ICRC archive for this period has been open to academic and public research.
1554:
Laurent Du Pasquier (Switzerland). He was an Administration and Finance Manager in the city of Donetsk in Eastern Ukraine. He was killed by a shell which landed close to the ICRC's office on 2 October 2014. He was 38 years
9640:
6536:
6827:
6397:
6702:
6564:
902:
as its "High Commissioner for Repatriation of the War Prisoners". His legal mandate was later extended to support and care for war refugees and displaced persons when his office became that of the League of Nations
1650:. The Red Crescent was adopted by the Ottoman Empire during the Russo-Turkish war and the Red Crystal by the governments in 2005, as an additional emblem devoid of any national, political or religious connotation.
6673:
6132:
5426:
1337:
1236:
for its assembly sessions and sub-committee meetings, the first observer status given to a private organization. The resolution was jointly proposed by 138 member states and introduced by the Italian ambassador,
9536:
6393:
8674:
8506:
9721:
7554:
6572:
1698:
The ICRC drew up seven fundamental principles in 1965 that were adopted by the entire Red Cross Movement. They are humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, volunteerism, unity, and universality.
8916:
2856:
1938:
While the rest of the Red Cross Movement may be multi-national, the Committee believes that its mono-national nature is an asset because the nationality in question is Swiss. Thanks to permanent Swiss
1020:
989:
in 1932. During the war the ICRC visited 18,000 Bolivian prisoners of war and 2,500 Paraguayan detainees. With the help of the ICRC both countries made improvements to the conditions of the detainees.
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and thus accepting it into the movement. The exact rules for recognition are defined in the statutes of the movement. After recognition by the ICRC, a national society is admitted as a member to the
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1595:
On 12 September 2024, three ICRC staff were killed after shelling hit an aid distribution site in Donetsk region. Another two were wounded. Their names have not yet been disclosed to the public.
6593:
1715:
of 1949, as well as its own Statutes. The ICRC also undertakes tasks that are not specifically mandated by law, such as visiting political prisoners outside of conflict and providing relief in
873:
During the entire war, the ICRC monitored warring parties' compliance with the Geneva Conventions of the 1907 revision and forwarded complaints about violations to the respective country. When
487:
delegates from other non-governmental organizations, seven non-official foreign delegates, and the five members of the committee. The states and kingdoms represented by official delegates were
6645:
1841:
Geneva headquarters and 2,000 expatriates work in the field. About half of the field workers serve as delegates managing ICRC operations, while the other half are specialists such as doctors,
8164:
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who are more willing to expose abuses and apply public pressure to governments. The ICRC reasons that this approach allows it greater access and cooperation from governments in the long run.
2312:
468:
9216:
9084:
6888:
6681:
4785:, President of the ICRC from 1987 to 1999, donated four hours of high-definition audiovisual life story interviews to Legacy. The ICRC audiovisual library houses copies of these interviews.
2351:
and improvement in their treatment. Its findings are not available to the general public but are shared only with the relevant government. This is in contrast to related organizations like
916:
A year before the end of the war, the ICRC received the 1917 Nobel Peace Prize for its outstanding wartime work. It was the only Nobel Peace Prize awarded in the period from 1914 to 1918.
9408:
8446:
8248:
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Terry, F. (2011). The international committee of the red cross in Afghanistan: Reasserting the neutrality of humanitarian action. International Review of the Red Cross, 93(881), 175. doi:
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ones. After the end of the war, the ICRC organized the return of about 420,000 prisoners to their home countries. In 1920, the task of repatriation was handed over to the newly founded
451:
4256:
2315:. Magen David Adom then reworked their symbol by placing the Star of David sign inside the Red Crystal shape, following which it was accepted as a full member of the Movement in 2006.
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1031:) had a staff of 3,000, the card index tracking prisoners contained 45 million cards, and 120 million messages were exchanged by the Agency. One major obstacle was that the
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1634:(CICR). However, the ICRC has three official languages (English, French and Spanish). The official symbol of the ICRC is the Red Cross on white background (the inverse of the
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persecution of civilians by the Nazis. For the rest of the war, the Red Cross took its cues from Switzerland in avoiding acts of opposition or confrontation with the Nazis.
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818:. Only two months earlier his long-standing adversary Gustave Moynier had also died, leaving a mark in the history of the committee as its longest-serving President ever.
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Emmanuel Lukudu, Ghulam Maqsood, Ghulam Rasoul, Ghulam Mortaza, Ahmad Khalid, Najibullah Sahebzada, Sayed Shah-Agha. They were killed on 8 February 2017 in Afghanistan.
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1946:
of 1870â71 showed that even Red Cross actors (in this case National Societies) can be so bound by nationalism that they are unable to sustain neutral humanitarianism.
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4756:
An unrivalled source of international research, analysis and debate on all aspects of humanitarian law, in armed conflict and other situations of collective violence.
1284:
from an ethical point of view, the adoption of the declaration of the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, building on the distinguished work of
400:
systems for casualties and no safe and protected institutions to accommodate and treat those who were wounded on the battlefield. In June 1859, the Swiss businessman
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dating back more than 50 years; having gone over the conclusions of Favez's work, the ICRC acknowledged its past failings and expressed its regrets in this regard.
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pressed for the creation of an international organization to coordinate the work of the different national Red Cross societies. Based on his recommendation, the
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1759:, primarily comprising the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, their two Additional Protocols of 1977 and Additional Protocol III of 2005, the Statutes of the
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764:, became the first independent and neutral delegates to work under the symbol of the Red Cross in an armed conflict. Three years later in 1867, the first
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concerns the protection of civilians in time of war. In addition, there are many more customary international laws that come into effect when necessary.
998:
359:. It is the oldest and most honoured organization within the movement and one of the most widely recognized organizations in the world, having won three
6694:
3023:
The Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the second world war (September 1, 1939 â June 30, 1947) Geneva 1948
1511:
assumption that ICRC's reputation for neutrality and effective work in Afghanistan over the past thirty years would protect its delegates was shattered.
951:. Davison, wanted the League of Red Cross Societies to supersede the ICRC in controlling the Red Cross action in international affairs. He argued that:
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1960:
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from a legal point of view, the work that led to the adoption of the Geneva Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war;
1135:
348:
10685:
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6389:
5969:
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committee adopted the name "International Committee of the Red Cross" (ICRC), which is still its official designation today. Five years later, the
3787:
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1956:
1238:
1151:
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and universal humanitarian principles. The core tasks of the committee, which are derived from the Geneva Conventions and its own statutes are:
577:"for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field". Representatives of 12 states and kingdoms signed the convention:
6601:
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6417:
4797:
4122:
3069:
2027:
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with the intention of discussing difficulties in conducting business in Algeria, at that time occupied by France. When he arrived in the small
125:
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3724:
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1253:
decry "major human rights abuses" by Burma's military government including forced labour, starvation, and murder of men, women, and children.
10557:
10290:
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6802:
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Frédéric Maurice. He died on 19 May 1992 at the age of 39, one day after a Red Cross transport he was escorting was attacked in the former
356:
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11800:
7343:
6346:
5436:
5036:
3432:
500:
94:
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Nadisha Yasassri Ranmuthu (Sri Lanka). He was killed by unknown attackers on 22 July 2003, when his car was fired upon near the city of
11760:
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5999:
5959:
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4844:
4654:
The Imperiled Red Cross and the Palestine Eretz Yisrael Conflict: The Influence of Institutional Concerns on A Humanitarian Operation.
1735:, and simplifies Committee travel in and out of Switzerland. On the other hand, Switzerland does not recognize ICRC-issued passports.
752:
Directly following the establishment of the Geneva Convention, the first national societies were founded in Belgium, Denmark, France,
10845:
9767:
6576:
6023:
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5886:
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1808:, the ICRC is receiving 40 million CHF in additional donations to support its crucial and life-saving activities on all continents.
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5472:
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2217:
1438:
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International humanitarian law is founded upon the Geneva conventions, the first of which was signed in 1864 by 16 countries. The
10709:
8886:
6161:
5881:
4737:
3353:
2702:
2362:
When granted only partial access, the ICRC takes what it can get and keeps discreetly lobbying for greater access. In the era of
8952:
2917:
Dromi, Shai M. (2016). "For good and country: nationalism and the diffusion of humanitarianism in the late nineteenth century".
1039:
refused to cooperate with the Geneva statutes including blatant violations such as the deportation of Jews from Germany and the
11790:
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11087:
7379:
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Forsythe, David P. (1993), "Choices More Ethical Than Legal: The International Committee of the Red Cross and Human Rights",
4293:
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3207:
3181:
2953:
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913:
for stateless refugees and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922, appointed two delegates from the ICRC as his deputies.
757:
1125:
A sick Polish survivor in the Hannover-Ahlem concentration camp receives medicine from a German Red Cross worker, April 1945
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5277:
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1314:
relating to this period; out of concern for transparency, the ICRC also decided to give all other historians access to its
745:
The national society must be recognized by its own national government as a relief society according to the convention, and
536:
3463:
2725:
2105:
1642:
background is the exact reverse of the flag of neutral Switzerland. It was later supplemented by two others which are the
9783:
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6384:
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1139:
1322:
In an official statement made on 27 January 2005, the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, the ICRC stated:
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10224:
9204:
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6807:
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2/2003, German Red Cross and Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict, p. 64â77, ISSN 0937-5414
4345:
3745:
2729:
1179:
421:
4514:
International Organization and the Evolution of World Society. Volume 2: The International Committee of the Red Cross.
1055:, were not party to the 1929 Geneva Conventions and were not legally required to follow the rules of the conventions.
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Angela Bennett: The Geneva Convention. The Hidden Origins of the Red Cross. Sutton Publishing, Gloucestershire 2005,
1739:
1203:
1147:
879:
822:
1902:(1887-1963), was co-opted in 1918, but resigned already in 1922 when she moved to Germany. She was succeeded by the
1545:
Dieudonné Ruhamanyi, Pascal Barholere. They were killed on 20 November 2013 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
9649:
8910:
7567:
6757:
1244:
The ICRC continued its activities throughout the 1990s. It broke its customary media silence when it denounced the
1076:
6449:
3250:
StarmĂŒhler, Johannes (2008). "Louis Haefliger und die Befreiung des Konzentrationslagers Mauthausen" (in German).
2307:
organization, the Israeli equivalent to the Red Cross, was not accepted as part of the Federation, as it used the
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1213:
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The organization of additional conferences to enact these concepts in legally binding international treaties; and
2853:"Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864"
2651:
11780:
11572:
11348:
11133:
9012:
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8398:
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5876:
5482:
5267:
5140:
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4886:
4837:
2507:
2386:
2275:
1756:
1708:
1664:
904:
4722:
HumanitĂ€res Völkerrecht â Informationsschriften. The Journal of International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict.
4004:
1988:
took over the office from Peter Maurer on 1 October 2022, becoming the first woman to serve in this position.
961:
undoubtedly have had an adverse impact on the leagueâs ability to counter what he saw as Swiss intransigence.
886:. A total of 524 camps throughout Europe were visited by 41 delegates from the ICRC until the end of the war.
10733:
8698:
7756:
6010:
5155:
4959:
2352:
2189:
1677:
to supervise the treatment of prisoners of war and make confidential interventions with detaining authorities
1303:
928:
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4818:
UC San Diego, Holocaust Living History Collection: Missing: The Fate of the Nazi Concentration Camp Archives
3326:
956:
rather provincial⊠New blood, new methods, a new and more comprehensive outlook, these things are necessary.
543:. Among the proposals written in the final resolutions of the conference, adopted on 29 October 1863, were:
8976:
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7234:
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Saidi Kayiranga, Ahmed Wazir, Hamid Al-Qadami, John Kaka. They were killed on 20 March 2020 in South Sudan.
1493:
1489:
1262:
6297:
4720:
David P. Forsythe: "The International Committee of the Red Cross and International Humanitarian Law." In:
3848:
2203:
1935:
has been about 15%. The first non-Genevans were admitted in 1923, and one Jew has served in the Assembly.
1910:
11810:
10617:
9348:
9072:
9024:
8812:
8530:
8236:
7828:
7403:
7090:
6669:
5517:
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5135:
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1299:
on a political level, the ICRC's relationship with Switzerland was redesigned to ensure its independence;
4778:
3514:
2331:
ceremony in 1963 when the prize was jointly awarded to the ICRC and the Federation. From left to right:
1931:
In recent decades, several women have attained the Vice Presidency, and the female proportion after the
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9898:
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9571:
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9456:
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3784:
3544:
2161:
2119:
2063:
775:
Memorial commemorating the first use of the Red Cross symbol in an armed conflict during the Battle of
694:
516:
4735:
International Committee of the Red Cross: "Discover the ICRC", ICRC, Geneva, 2007, 2nd edition, 53 pp.
4711:
The Sound of Silence: The History of the International Committee of the Red Cross as Past and Present.
3478:
2879:
2811:
1277:
In 2002, an ICRC official outlined some of the lessons the organization has learned from the failure:
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1942:, conflicting parties can be sure that no one from "the enemy" will be setting policy in Geneva. The
1774:
asks for the protection and care for the wounded, sick and shipwrecked of armed conflict at sea. The
1302:
with a view to keeping memories alive, the ICRC accepted, in 1955, to take over the direction of the
1155:
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807:
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3127:
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1207:
753:
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8338:
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8104:
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4881:
4656:" 344 pages. Kegan Paul International. @ The Graduate Institute of International Studies Geneva.
2531:
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2446:
2095:
1985:
1899:
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1688:
748:
The national government of the respective country must be a state party to the Geneva Convention.
443:
182:
4125:(in German). Zurich, Switzerland: SRG, German Swiss Broadcasting Corporation. 25 November 2021.
4097:"Mirjana Spoljaric Egger assumes the presidency of the International Committee of the Red Cross"
2133:
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10974:
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10807:
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9802:
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6358:
6185:
5608:
5130:
4542:
History of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Volume II: From Sarajevo to Hiroshima.
4071:"The International Committee of the Red Cross elects Mirjana Spoljaric Egger as next president"
3021:
2482:
1997:
1879:
language of French, but many also speak English and German as well. These Assembly members are
1870:
1681:
863:
761:
472:
206:
4528:
History of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Volume I: From Solferino to Tsushima.
2995:
2751:
779:(Denmark) in 1864; jointly erected in 1989 by the national Red Cross societies of Denmark and
11805:
11186:
11142:
10889:
10521:
10133:
9874:
9288:
9132:
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8880:
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5613:
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5492:
5355:
5115:
4922:
4405:
3263:
3114:
2458:
2422:
2356:
2021:
2015:
1600:
1285:
920:
430:
385:
31:
2259:
Syria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Iraq and more recently, Ethiopia.
11631:
11004:
9990:
9910:
9822:
9655:
9354:
9300:
8783:
8638:
8362:
7960:
7504:
7186:
6837:
6622:
6490:
6462:
6433:
6247:
5284:
5051:
2147:
1485:. Their murderers have never been caught and there was no apparent motive for the killings.
668:
655:
603:
508:
496:
488:
17:
6665:
6421:
6332:
5150:
4285:
4279:
3599:"Ukraine: 3 ICRC staff killed after shelling hits aid distribution site in Donetsk region"
1763:, and the resolutions of the International Conferences of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.
1386:
Alain Bieri, André Tieche, Charles Chatora. They were killed on 18 March 1978 in Zimbabwe.
845:
French postcard celebrating the role of Red Cross nurses during the First World War, 1915.
463:, who had significant experience working as a field surgeon; Appia's friend and colleague
8:
9810:
9566:
9396:
9270:
9048:
8988:
8686:
8518:
8326:
8098:
8044:
7725:
7645:
7530:
7427:
7391:
7367:
7162:
7144:
6613:
6507:
6259:
6112:
5623:
5232:
4916:
4811:
1943:
1816:
The ICRC is responsible for legally recognizing a relief society as an official national
1727:
1635:
1229:
1187:
1130:
1063:
concentration camps and delivered about 1.1 million parcels, primarily to the camps
1044:
815:
811:
707:
417:
10701:
10649:
10344:
10082:
2497:
1917:
1413:
Juanito Patong, Walter Berweger. They were killed on 19 January 1990 in the Philippines.
821:
In 1906, the 1864 Geneva Convention was revised for the first time. One year later, the
464:
11357:
11148:
11034:
10956:
10282:
10208:
10125:
10020:
9854:
9846:
9384:
9252:
8850:
8716:
8284:
8020:
7936:
7804:
7719:
7628:
7451:
7331:
7307:
7198:
7126:
7102:
6372:
6285:
6223:
6205:
6193:
6167:
6053:
6038:
6028:
5782:
5125:
4933:
4782:
4326:
4322:
3804:
Council of the European Union â Schengen Visa Working Party â Table of travel documents
3693:
3658:
3397:
3094:
3061:
2525:
2488:
2470:
2382:
2279:
2083:
2077:
1979:
1732:
1712:
1266:
1159:
924:
792:
720:
574:
524:
504:
492:
4734:
3350:
3291:
Quakers in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Dilemmas of NGO Humanitarian Activism
2698:
1966:
In 2019, Christine Beerli retired and Gilles Carbonnier was appointed vice-president.
1371:
Georges Olivet. He was killed on 13 December 1961 in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
11637:
11592:
11395:
11368:
11159:
10930:
10815:
10633:
10328:
10312:
10274:
10055:
10047:
9926:
9886:
9787:
9752:
9726:
9372:
9156:
9108:
8874:
8482:
8272:
8140:
8128:
7894:
7852:
7774:
7487:
7415:
7283:
7270:
6883:
6503:
6291:
6267:
6263:
6251:
6235:
6227:
5914:
5700:
5527:
5375:
5320:
5079:
4792:
4672:
4657:
4639:
4624:
4610:
4595:
4587:
4573:
4559:
4545:
4531:
4517:
4503:
4502:
Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva in association with Paul Haupt Publishers, Bern 1993,
4489:
4475:
4434:
4428:
4378:
4330:
4289:
3663:
3645:
3294:
3229:
3203:
3177:
3065:
2949:
2885:
2836:
2667:
2410:
2328:
2291:
2283:
1825:
1723:
1502:(El Salvador). He was working as a water engineer in Afghanistan and travelling from
1129:
On 12 March 1945, ICRC President Jacob Burckhardt received a message from SS General
895:
866:
effort of the organization. The complete index is on loan today from the ICRC to the
841:
803:
766:
International Conference of National Aid Societies for the Nursing of the War Wounded
532:
360:
309:
246:
194:
9978:
4070:
2347:
directly and relies on low-key and confidential negotiations to lobby for access to
1574:
Atteyipe Youssouf. He was killed on 4 November 2017 in the Central African Republic.
1561:
Mohammed Al-Hakami, Abdulkarem Ghazi. They were killed on 2 September 2015 in Yemen.
1047:
run by the German government. Moreover, two other main parties to the conflict, the
11049:
10934:
10856:
10641:
10577:
10117:
10074:
10024:
9986:
8832:
8795:
8740:
8440:
8224:
8116:
7912:
7864:
7683:
7659:
7138:
6686:
6511:
6309:
6243:
6239:
6231:
6108:
5797:
5532:
5330:
4864:
4853:
4801:
4318:
4214:
History of the International Committee of the Red Cross: From Sarajevo to Hiroshima
3653:
3637:
3251:
3053:
2926:
2755:
2659:
2559:
2348:
2332:
2304:
1805:
1716:
1660:
1292:, to prevent any more abuses such as those that occurred within the movement after
1245:
1036:
874:
870:
in Geneva. The right to access the index is still strictly restricted to the ICRC.
780:
681:
512:
10478:
9818:
1925:
483:
of War" after its mandate from the Geneva Society for Public Welfare had expired.
11581:
11414:
11030:
10897:
10800:
10625:
10513:
10490:
10470:
10043:
9998:
9606:
9545:
9168:
9054:
8668:
7640:
6470:
6288:(Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden)
6197:
6189:
6177:
5575:
5360:
5335:
5325:
4876:
4753:
4741:
4057:
4011:
3989:
3886:
3810:
3791:
3731:
3585:
3491:
3357:
3333:
2881:
Above the fray : the Red Cross and the making of the humanitarian NGO sector
2787:
2551:
2513:
2344:
2032:
2003:
1939:
1914:
1564:
Alexis Marboua. He was killed on 12 October 2016 in the Central African Republic.
1407:
Catherine Chappuis, Nuno Ferreira. They were killed on 14 October 1987 in Angola.
1233:
978:
909:
899:
520:
456:
302:
297:
laureate. The organization has played an instrumental role in the development of
170:
10266:
5714:
4817:
4788:
3487:"Red Cross officials want civilian hackers to follow rules amid war. Here's why"
3313:
Life Lived in Relief: Humanitarian Predicaments and Palestinian Refugee Politics
1548:
Siradjou Mamadou. He was killed on 8 March 2014 in the Central African Republic.
1463:
Angela Gago-Gallego, Julia Narrea. They were killed on 25 February 1994 in Peru.
878:
territories," the ICRC could assist the civilian population on the basis of the
405:
11019:
10908:
10830:
10763:
10689:
10661:
10657:
10533:
10509:
10437:
10336:
10320:
9970:
9366:
8422:
7665:
6341:
6273:
6173:
5909:
5685:
5659:
5502:
5380:
5370:
5350:
5145:
4607:
The International Committee of the Red Cross and the protection of war victims.
3578:
3455:
2434:
2416:
2404:
2374:
and awaiting trial. After his release, Mandela publicly praised the Red Cross.
2367:
1454:
Sarah Leomy, Suzanne Buser. They were killed on 27 August 1993 in Sierra Leone.
1183:
771:
540:
528:
324:
have given the ICRC a mandate to protect victims of international and internal
10609:
10482:
10415:
3057:
2663:
1770:
covers the protection for the wounded and sick of armed conflict on land. The
1711:
as a controlling authority. The legal mandate of the ICRC stems from the four
1072:
438:
11754:
11668:
11625:
11502:
11284:
11072:
10978:
10893:
10725:
10713:
10677:
10673:
10541:
10352:
10239:
10109:
10059:
9878:
9830:
9634:
9378:
8332:
7978:
6698:
6657:
6213:
5759:
5365:
3649:
3447:
2452:
2428:
2371:
2336:
2308:
2071:
1270:
948:
932:
741:
for recognition of a national relief society by the International Committee:
553:
The utilization of volunteer forces for relief assistance on the battlefield;
341:
140:
127:
4717:
13(4)/2002. Routledge/ Taylor & Francis, p. 186â204, ISSN 0959-2296
2930:
11662:
11557:
11551:
10867:
10826:
10789:
10778:
10741:
10669:
10585:
10448:
10247:
10200:
9906:
9806:
9715:
9700:
9306:
9078:
9006:
8958:
7579:
7397:
6568:
6350:
6315:
5761:
5719:
5654:
5644:
5555:
5456:
5345:
5211:
4911:
4669:
Above the Fray: The Red Cross and the Making of the Humanitarian NGO Sector
3667:
2946:
Above the fray: The Red Cross and the making of the humanitarian NGO sector
2503:
2464:
2440:
2089:
2009:
1888:
1846:
1643:
1478:
1190:
refugees. The ICRC was given responsibility for the areas that are now the
1090:
1086:
1048:
858:
796:
629:
401:
393:
380:
321:
4806:
4700:
The Role of the ICRC in the Development of International Humanitarian Law.
4465:
The International Committee of the Red Cross- A Neutral Humanitarian Actor
3641:
3625:
2323:
1008:
985:- a desert region between the two countries. The dispute escalated into a
459:, lawyer and chairman of the Geneva Society for Public Welfare; physician
11534:
11316:
11104:
11015:
10982:
10601:
10565:
10529:
10090:
9162:
9090:
8898:
8777:
8620:
8608:
8218:
8206:
7762:
7610:
7216:
7084:
6597:
5315:
5160:
2519:
2398:
1921:
1907:
1674:
to organize nursing and care for those who are wounded on the battlefield
1647:
1289:
1269:, sought to show that the organization was fully aware of the gravity of
1261:
By taking part in the 1995 ceremony to commemorate the liberation of the
850:
590:
460:
455:
1863. The members of this Sub-committee, aside from Dunant himself, were
371:
317:
294:
218:
6515:
6201:
4746:
4500:
Humanity for all: the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
3255:
2267:
1738:
Contrary to popular belief, the ICRC is not a sovereign entity like the
1248:
in 1994. It struggled to prevent the crimes that happened in and around
10993:
10878:
10767:
9918:
9670:
9402:
9234:
9198:
8994:
8934:
8560:
8536:
8452:
8368:
8356:
8242:
8170:
7882:
7591:
7457:
7240:
7204:
6847:
6067:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
5385:
2652:"Norms and War: The International Red Cross and the Geneva Conventions"
2378:
1842:
1626:
The original motto of the International Committee of the Red Cross was
1249:
1186:
to take part in a $ 32 million emergency relief programme working with
1068:
982:
476:
313:
298:
286:
6294:(Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden)
4281:
International Public Health: Diseases, Programs, Systems, and Policies
2855:. Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC.
1425:
Rais Khan, Mostu Khan. They were killed on 9 July 1991 in Afghanistan.
1221:
In celebration of its centennial in 1963, the ICRC, together with the
11333:
10721:
10212:
9560:
9426:
9114:
9018:
8632:
8464:
8344:
8062:
7954:
7180:
7156:
6984:
6520:
5340:
5310:
5289:
4706:
4(3)/1999. Brill Academic Publishers, p. 503â527, ISSN 1382-340X
3626:"The deadly effects of violence against medical workers in war zones"
3515:"17 December 1996 : Six ICRC delegates assassinated in Chechnya"
1892:
1880:
1614:
1507:
1191:
1114:
1040:
986:
826:
413:
63:
6107:
1887:
In the early years, every Committee member was Genevan, Protestant,
1671:
to monitor compliance of warring parties with the Geneva Conventions
1618:
The emblem of the International Committee of the Red Cross (French:
1019:
The legal basis of the work of the ICRC during World War II was the
776:
376:
9530:
9474:
9222:
9210:
9138:
9042:
9030:
8801:
8752:
8692:
8524:
8404:
8392:
8194:
8014:
7822:
7810:
7707:
7689:
7524:
7433:
7421:
7385:
7349:
7252:
6832:
6690:
6609:
6556:
4822:
3459:
1932:
1742:. The ICRC limits its membership to Swiss nationals only, and also
1638:) with the words "COMITE INTERNATIONAL GENEVE" circling the cross.
1503:
1474:
1442:
1349:
1003:
890:
883:
564:
337:
329:
4584:
Dunant's dream: War, Switzerland and the history of the Red Cross.
4556:
Handbook of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
3143:"Dialogue with the past: the ICRC and the Nazi death camps - ICRC"
1680:
to help with the search for missing persons in an armed conflict (
1359:
Matthaeus Vischer. He was killed on 20 December 1943 in Indonesia.
104:
Protecting victims of conflicts and providing them with assistance
10841:
9438:
9414:
9390:
9342:
9282:
9066:
8970:
8844:
8656:
8584:
8572:
8548:
8500:
8308:
8296:
8278:
8134:
8038:
8026:
7942:
7906:
7846:
7798:
7786:
7731:
7677:
7622:
7536:
7409:
7325:
7277:
7264:
7228:
7192:
7168:
7120:
7108:
7096:
6581:
6209:
1903:
1874:
Marguerite Frick-Cramer, the first ever female member of the ICRC
1726:
that has enjoyed various degrees of special privileges and legal
1580:
Saifura Hussaini. She was killed on 16 September 2019 in Nigeria.
1523:
1428:
Anthony Arulanthu. He was killed on 24 October 1991 in Sri Lanka.
1315:
1082:
756:, Prussia, Spain, and WĂŒrttemberg. Also in 1864, Louis Appia and
616:
547:
The foundation of national relief societies for wounded soldiers;
397:
333:
11607:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
7041:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
4472:
The Humanitarians. The International Committee of the Red Cross.
1822:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1603:
campaign to highlight risks to humanitarian healthcare workers.
1592:
Diomede Nzobambona. He was killed on 23 August 2021 in Cameroon.
1431:
Wim Van-Boxelaere. He was killed on 14 December 1991 in Somalia.
1416:
Mohammad Zamany. He was killed on 16 August 1990 in Afghanistan.
353:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
10386:
9685:
9579:
9462:
9330:
9318:
9294:
9186:
9150:
8982:
8868:
8856:
8789:
8728:
8680:
8512:
8476:
8380:
8266:
8230:
8158:
8110:
7990:
7966:
7930:
7858:
7653:
7445:
7373:
7361:
7313:
7289:
7132:
6787:
6782:
6486:
5979:
5954:
5940:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
5831:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
5056:
4729:
Towards a comprehensive Solution to the Question of the Emblem.
3772:
The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross
1896:
1837:
1542:
Abdul Bashir-Khan. He was killed on 29 May 2013 in Afghanistan.
1482:
1451:
Kurt Lustenberger. He was killed on 14 January 1993 in Somalia.
1410:
Pernette Zehnder. She was killed on 18 October 1987 in Lebanon.
1362:
Johann Jovanovits. He was killed on 4 February 1946 in Germany.
1293:
1195:
1032:
969:
from entering into force before the beginning of World War II.
936:
425:
290:
112:
1469:
Rodrigues Cambiote. He was killed on 13 August 1994 in Angola.
1460:
Antoine Munderere. He was killed on 13 October 1993 in Rwanda.
1389:
Christine Rieben. She was killed on 17 January 1980 in Uganda.
1380:
Jacob Sturzenegger. He was killed on 12 March 1975 in Vietnam.
9600:
9450:
9258:
9174:
9126:
9102:
8922:
8820:
8704:
8644:
8596:
8428:
8320:
8182:
8146:
8122:
8050:
8002:
7918:
7870:
7750:
7512:
7493:
7301:
6822:
6532:
6279:
5955:
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
5272:
5237:
5170:
2492:
1796:
1533:
Kristofer Scott. He was killed on 25 January 2011 in Liberia.
1530:
health clinic in the area of Jebel Marra, West Darfur, Sudan.
1519:
1052:
944:
940:
642:
416:
on the evening of 24 June, he witnessed the aftermath of the
409:
3880:âCanton Geneva promises CHF40 million to troubled Red Crossâ
3039:"On the history of the international protection of refugees"
2335:
of Norway, ICRC President Leopold Boissier, League Chairman
1659:
assistance." It also conducts and coordinates international
1434:
JĂłn Karlsson. He was killed on 22 April 1992 in Afghanistan.
1419:
Yar Faqir. He was killed on 1 September 1990 in Afghanistan.
1368:
Charles Huber. He was killed on 19 November 1946 in Germany.
9619:
9246:
8764:
8416:
8254:
8086:
8074:
7834:
7634:
7481:
5925:
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
5920:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
5446:
4951:
4621:
The Geneva Convention: The Hidden Origins of the Red Cross.
4005:
The members of the International Committee of the Red Cross
3398:"Dialogue with the past: the ICRC and the Nazi death camps"
1457:
Michel Kuhn. He was killed on 28 August 1993 in Tajikistan.
1448:
Solomon Jarboe. He was killed on 26 August 1992 in Liberia.
1175:
1025:
Convention relating to the International Status of Refugees
830:
10594:
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
4798:
Works by or about International Committee of the Red Cross
3854:. Geneva, Switzerland: ICRC. June 2022. pp. 536â538.
1422:
Peter Altwegg. He was killed on 6 October 1990 in Somalia.
1401:
Michel Zufferey. He was killed on 5 January 1985 in Sudan.
1398:
Alain Jossi. He was killed on 28 October 1984 in Ethiopia.
1392:
JĂŒrg Baumann. He was killed on 21 September 1980 in Sudan.
1374:
Robert Carlsson. He was killed on 30 July 1968 in Nigeria.
825:, adopted at the Second International Peace Conference in
3823:"Legal bases : Extract from ICRC Annual Report 2009"
1466:
Kiew Sambath. He was killed on 11 April 1994 in Cambodia.
1404:
Marc Blaser. He was killed on 16 December 1985 in Angola.
1365:
Otto Anderegg. He was killed on 16 May 1946 in Indonesia.
854:
325:
6170:(Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway)
4570:
Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross.
4278:
Merson, M. H.; Black, R. E.; Mills, A. J., eds. (2006),
3774:, (Cambridge, NY:Cambridge University Press, 2005), 161.
1694:
to act as a neutral intermediary between warring parties
1536:
Khalil Dale. He was killed on 29 April 2012 in Pakistan.
1383:
Louis Gaulis. He was killed on 29 March 1978 in Lebanon.
1377:
Dragan Hercog. He was killed on 30 July 1968 in Nigeria.
981:, Bolivia and Paraguay were disputing possession of the
9507:
4375:
Condemned to Repeat? The Paradox of Humanitarian Action
3456:"Rules of engagement issued to hacktivists after chaos"
1811:
1496:
when they came under fatal fire from unknown attackers.
1356:
Richard Heider. He was killed on 9 June 1942 in Greece.
898:, which appointed the Norwegian diplomat and scientist
264:
9782:
4767:
3889:
Swissinfo Foreign Affairs. Accessed 27 September 2023.
2392:
1577:
Hanna Lahoud. He was killed on 21 April 2018 in Yemen.
1558:
Hamadoun Daou. He was killed on 30 March 2015 in Mali.
1539:
Hussein Saleh. He was killed on 20 June 2012 in Yemen.
1306:
where records from concentration camps are maintained;
1174:
In December 1948 the ICRC was invited, along with the
889:
Between 1916 and 1918, the ICRC published a number of
372:
Solferino, Henry Dunant and the foundation of the ICRC
5965:
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
2948:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 119.
2790:
by Henry Dunant, ICRC publication 1986, complete text
1707:
The ICRC is the only institution explicitly named in
1551:
Michael Greub. He was killed on 4 June 2014 in Libya.
1395:
André Redard. He was killed on 12 May 1982 in Angola.
27:
Humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland
10920:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
5821:
Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
4731:
Revised third edition. ICRC (ref. 0778), Geneva 2005
4253:"MDA symbol on ambulances in Yesha still unresolved"
2884:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 34.
2274:
By virtue of its age and its special position under
2262:
1102:
silence even in the face of pleas by Jewish groups.
396:, there were no organized and well-established army
4284:(2nd ed.), Boston: Jones and Barlett, p.
3351:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6252024.stm
999:
Theresienstadt concentration camp and the Red Cross
4939:International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission
4633:
3901:"Red Cross faces Covid-related job cuts in Geneva"
3243:
923:, who had been Chairman of the War Council of the
11766:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
10968:International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
6986:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
5995:Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
4789:Works by International Committee of the Red Cross
4594:(Hardcover edition); HarperCollins, London 1999,
4177:, (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1984).
4123:"Erstmals ĂŒbernimmt eine Frau das IKRK-PrĂ€sidium"
3485:Starks, Tim; DiMolfetta, David (5 October 2023).
2298:
1978:From 2000 to 2012, the President of the ICRC was
1761:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
349:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
11752:
5882:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture
5696:United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic
4377:, London: Cornell University Press, p. 45,
4277:
3512:
3484:
1785:
1778:concerns the treatment of prisoners of war. The
931:was founded on 15 May 1919, by the societies of
11796:Human rights organisations based in Switzerland
7024:
6062:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
5862:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
4768:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
4609:ICRC & Macmillan (ref. 0503), Geneva 2003,
4073:. Geneva, Switzerland: ICRC. 25 November 2021.
3624:Webster, Paul Christopher (20 September 2011).
1836:The ICRC is headquartered in the Swiss city of
1586:. She was killed on 16 October 2019 in Nigeria.
868:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum
550:Neutrality and protection for wounded soldiers;
11532:
11314:
11102:
2318:
312:of 1949 and its Additional Protocols of 1977 (
11518:
11300:
11088:
10558:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
10291:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
9768:
6970:
6093:
5745:
4838:
4693:The emblem of the Red Cross: a brief history.
4638:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
4099:. Geneva, Switzerland: ICRC. 1 October 2022.
1913:(1850-1934). The third female member was the
1755:The ICRC's operations are generally based on
1338:set of rules for civilian hackers to abide by
1016:Cross itself. The report can be read online.
810:opted to give it jointly to Henry Dunant and
235:15,448 (average number of ICRC staff in 2016)
52:
5691:Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks
4463:Forsythe, David P. and B. Rieffer-Flanagan.
4175:The International Committee of the Red Cross
4060:. 19 October 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
3579:https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1816383111000026
3315:. University of California Press. p. 6.
2744:
2658:, Cornell University Press, pp. 69â88,
2528:(1932-2024), diplomat, president of the ICRC
2500:(1806-1869), surgeon, co-founder of the ICRC
2425:(1891- 1974), diplomat, historian and writer
1920:(1886-1970) in 1925, followed by the nurses
328:. Such victims include war wounded persons,
46:
6000:UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT)
4347:Speech before the British Red Cross, London
3425:"Commemorating the liberation of Auschwitz"
2972:, Carroll & Graf, New York, 1998, p.259
2656:National Interests in International Society
2619:"Annual Report 2016, Key facts and figures"
2587:"Annual Report 2016, Key facts and figures"
2516:(1826-1910), jurist, co-founder of the ICRC
2303:From its inception in 1930 until 2006, the
1169:
501:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
30:"ICRC" redirects here. For other uses, see
11786:Nobel laureates with multiple Nobel awards
11525:
11511:
11307:
11293:
11095:
11081:
9775:
9761:
6977:
6963:
6100:
6086:
5867:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
5752:
5738:
5248:Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation
4845:
4831:
4810:
4554:International Committee of the Red Cross:
4516:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston 1984,
3898:
3746:"International Committee of the Red Cross"
3249:
3095:"The ICRC in World War Two: The Holocaust"
2845:
2479:(1955), physician and senior civil servant
2461:(1874-1960), jurist, president of the ICRC
2370:serving sentences, but not to those under
2366:, it was granted access to prisoners like
2290:In 1997, the ICRC and the IFRC signed the
1029:Zentralauskunftsstelle fĂŒr Kriegsgefangene
404:travelled to Italy to meet French emperor
11771:United Nations General Assembly observers
10846:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
5935:UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
5887:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
4623:Sutton Publishing, Gloucestershire 2005,
3657:
3228:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3202:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3176:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2871:
2649:
1336:On 4 October 2023 the committee issued a
1331:
1256:
1089:, delegate of the ICRC, visiting POWs in
11776:Organizations awarded Nobel Peace Prizes
11601:International Committee of the Red Cross
11377:International Committee of the Red Cross
11168:International Committee of the Red Cross
10361:International Committee of the Red Cross
10193:International Committee of the Red Cross
10150:Nansen International Office for Refugees
9956:International Committee of the Red Cross
7035:International Committee of the Red Cross
4807:International Committee of the Red Cross
4308:
3698:International Committee of the Red Cross
3395:
3293:The American University in Cairo Press.
3030:
2322:
2266:
1869:
1613:
1488:Rita Fox (Switzerland), VĂ©ronique Saro (
1212:
1120:
1108:
1081:
1002:
840:
770:
563:
437:
375:
279:International Committee of the Red Cross
40:International Committee of the Red Cross
10710:International Campaign to Ban Landmines
5970:Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)
5960:Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
5945:International Labour Organization (ILO)
4426:
4397:
4343:
3623:
3310:
3140:
2985:, Cambridge University Press, 2005 p.36
2752:"Nobel Laureates Facts â Organizations"
2534:(1971), diplomat, president of the ICRC
2473:(1944), diplomat, president of the ICRC
2407:(1978), author, lecturer and himalayist
14:
11753:
7059:
5985:UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)
4698:Jean-Philippe Lavoyer, Louis Maresca:
4433:, London: Little, Brown, p. 396,
3396:Buignion, François (5 November 2002).
3036:
2556:Comité International de la Croix-Rouge
1991:The Presidents of the ICRC have been:
1632:Comité international de la Croix-Rouge
1620:Comité international de la Croix-Rouge
48:Comité international de la Croix-Rouge
11506:
11288:
11076:
9756:
9506:
7058:
7023:
6958:
6081:
5930:Organisation of American States (OAS)
5733:
4826:
4747:International Review of the Red Cross
4544:Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva 1984,
4530:Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva 1985,
4512:Willemin, Georges and Roger Heacock:
4372:
4077:from the original on 11 December 2023
3525:from the original on 21 December 2016
3404:from the original on 6 September 2007
3376:from the original on 4 September 2012
3345:"Red Cross Condemns Burman 'Abuses'"
3223:
3197:
3171:
3141:Bugnion, François (5 November 2002).
3101:from the original on 22 December 2023
3046:International Review of the Red Cross
2943:
2916:
2877:
2859:from the original on 15 February 2020
2808:International Review of the Red Cross
2762:from the original on 15 November 2015
2278:, the ICRC is the lead agency in the
2253:
6282:(Belgium, Italy, Netherlands, Spain)
5892:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
5816:Committee on the Rights of the Child
5278:The State of the Humanitarian System
4852:
4259:from the original on 8 November 2011
4173:Georges Willemin and Roger Heacock,
4129:from the original on 18 January 2022
3911:from the original on 30 October 2020
3849:"ICRC Annual Report 2021, Volume II"
3674:from the original on 29 January 2022
3596:
3466:from the original on 15 October 2023
3453:
3327:Srebrenica â remembering the missing
3153:from the original on 24 October 2017
2898:from the original on 29 October 2020
2680:from the original on 1 February 2024
2564:Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja
2491:(1964), Commissioner-General of the
1812:Responsibilities within the movement
1663:and works to promote and strengthen
708:Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
537:United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
469:Geneva Hygiene and Health Commission
428:, he decided to write a book titled
54:Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja
9659:(pending recognition and admission)
9508:Non-members and affiliate societies
6385:Mannerheim League for Child Welfare
5798:Truth and reconciliation commission
4103:from the original on 1 October 2023
2726:"National Society Directory - IFRC"
2631:from the original on 14 August 2020
2599:from the original on 14 August 2020
2393:People who have worked for the ICRC
1949:
1343:
1113:The Red Cross during liberation of
795:was founded through the efforts of
308:State parties (signatories) to the
293:, Switzerland, and is a three-time
24:
11801:1863 establishments in Switzerland
10946:Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
10812:International Atomic Energy Agency
10225:American Friends Service Committee
6164:(Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany)
5583:The State of the World's Cash 2020
5508:Central African Republic Civil War
4323:10.1111/j.1747-7093.1993.tb00147.x
3513:François Budnion (30 April 1997).
3037:Jaeger, Gilbert (September 2001).
2705:from the original on 29 April 2010
1609:
422:Second Italian War of Independence
62:
25:
11822:
11761:Organizations established in 1863
10427:International Labour Organization
7574:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
5452:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
5191:Koyamada International Foundation
4761:
4558:13th edition, ICRC, Geneva 1994,
4354:from the original on 20 July 2006
3861:from the original on 23 June 2024
3752:from the original on 19 July 2006
3555:from the original on 8 March 2016
3075:from the original on 20 June 2022
3002:from the original on 5 March 2016
2801:"The foundation of the Red Cross"
2506:(1956), historian, specialist in
2263:Relationships within the movement
1891:, and male. The first woman, the
1818:Red Cross or Red Crescent society
1740:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
452:Geneva Society for Public Welfare
9714:
9699:
9684:
9669:
9648:
9633:
9618:
9599:
9578:
9559:
9544:
9529:
9473:
9461:
9449:
9437:
9425:
9413:
9401:
9389:
9377:
9365:
9353:
9341:
9329:
9317:
9305:
9293:
9281:
9269:
9257:
9245:
9233:
9221:
9209:
9197:
9185:
9173:
9161:
9149:
9137:
9125:
9113:
9101:
9089:
9077:
9065:
9053:
9041:
9029:
9017:
9005:
8993:
8981:
8969:
8957:
8945:
8933:
8921:
8917:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
8909:
8897:
8879:
8867:
8855:
8843:
8831:
8819:
8800:
8788:
8776:
8763:
8751:
8739:
8727:
8715:
8703:
8691:
8679:
8667:
8655:
8643:
8631:
8619:
8607:
8595:
8583:
8571:
8559:
8547:
8535:
8523:
8511:
8499:
8487:
8475:
8463:
8451:
8439:
8427:
8415:
8403:
8391:
8379:
8367:
8355:
8343:
8331:
8319:
8307:
8295:
8277:
8265:
8253:
8241:
8229:
8217:
8205:
8193:
8181:
8169:
8157:
8145:
8133:
8121:
8109:
8097:
8085:
8073:
8061:
8049:
8037:
8025:
8013:
8001:
7989:
7977:
7965:
7953:
7941:
7929:
7917:
7905:
7893:
7881:
7869:
7857:
7845:
7833:
7821:
7809:
7797:
7785:
7773:
7761:
7749:
7730:
7718:
7706:
7688:
7676:
7664:
7652:
7633:
7621:
7609:
7590:
7578:
7566:
7547:
7535:
7523:
7511:
7492:
7480:
7468:
7456:
7444:
7432:
7420:
7408:
7396:
7384:
7372:
7360:
7348:
7336:
7324:
7312:
7300:
7288:
7276:
7263:
7251:
7239:
7227:
7215:
7203:
7191:
7179:
7167:
7155:
7143:
7131:
7119:
7107:
7095:
7083:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6937:
5713:
4344:Mandela, Nelson (10 July 2003),
4311:Ethics and International Affairs
3899:RTS/SRF/sb (16 September 2020).
3704:from the original on 7 July 2014
3435:from the original on 9 July 2012
2732:from the original on 8 July 2006
2230:
2216:
2202:
2188:
2174:
2160:
2146:
2132:
2118:
2104:
1969:
726:
713:
700:
687:
674:
661:
648:
635:
622:
609:
596:
583:
10626:Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)
9839:Institut de Droit International
8495:Micronesia, Federated States of
6318:(Austria, Finland, Netherlands)
5990:UN Development Programme (UNDP)
5950:World Health Organization (WHO)
5599:Attacks on humanitarian workers
5003:Inter-Agency Standing Committee
4671:(Univ. of Chicago Press, 2020)
4636:The Red Cross and the Holocaust
4451:
4420:
4398:Mandela, Nelson (16 May 2000),
4391:
4366:
4337:
4302:
4271:
4245:
4232:
4219:
4206:
4193:
4180:
4167:
4154:
4141:
4115:
4089:
4063:
4044:
4031:
4018:
3996:
3975:
3962:
3949:
3936:
3923:
3892:
3873:
3841:
3815:
3797:
3777:
3764:
3738:
3716:
3686:
3617:
3590:
3571:
3537:
3506:
3417:
3389:
3362:
3339:
3319:
3304:
3283:
3226:The Red Cross and the Holocaust
3217:
3200:The Red Cross and the Holocaust
3191:
3174:The Red Cross and the Holocaust
3165:
3134:
3087:
3014:
2988:
2975:
2962:
2937:
2910:
2829:
1831:
1768:First Geneva Convention of 1949
1702:
1217:The ICRC Headquarters in Geneva
1202:umbrella as a successor to the
992:
568:The Red Cross in action in 1864
6479:International Rescue Committee
5877:European Court of Human Rights
5614:Health Care In Danger Campaign
5513:Western African Ebola outbreak
5141:International Rescue Committee
4998:Humanitarian-Development Nexus
4887:International humanitarian law
4572:Westview Press, Boulder 1997,
4474:(2nd ed. Cambridge UP, 2005),
3545:"Swiss ICRC delegate murdered"
3370:"ICRC in WW II: the Holocaust"
2793:
2774:
2718:
2691:
2643:
2611:
2579:
2545:
2508:International Humanitarian Law
2299:Acceptance of Magen David Adom
2276:international humanitarian law
1856:
1757:international humanitarian law
1750:
1709:international humanitarian law
1691:and care for civil populations
1665:international humanitarian law
905:High Commissioner for Refugees
836:
833:), and Africa (South Africa).
13:
1:
11791:Organisations based in Geneva
10365:League of Red Cross Societies
9891:Paul Estournelles de Constant
5561:Sexual exploitation and abuse
4960:History of the United Nations
4695:ICRC (ref. 0316), Geneva 1977
2572:
2431:(1965), journalist and writer
1786:Funding and financial matters
1304:International Tracing Service
1265:, the President of the ICRC,
1223:League of Red Cross Societies
929:League of Red Cross Societies
225:1462.0 m for field operations
5826:International Criminal Court
5676:2015 European migrant crisis
5604:Aid Worker Security Database
5478:Great Indian Famine of 1870s
5295:Global Humanitarian Overview
4773:Rules of war (in a nutshell)
4586:HarperCollins, London 1998,
4401:Interview on Larry King Live
3454:Tidy, Joe (4 October 2023).
2810:. March 1963. Archived from
2377:The presence of respectable
1494:Democratic Republic of Congo
1490:Democratic Republic of Congo
1263:Auschwitz concentration camp
972:
907:". Nansen, who invented the
7:
7025:International Organisations
6716:International organisations
5980:UN Children's Fund (UNICEF)
5136:International Medical Corps
5008:Humanitarian Cluster System
4684:
4652:Dominique-D. Junod : "
4634:Favez, Jean-Claude (1999).
4216:, (Geneva:ICRC, 1984), 147.
4151:(Paris:Ellipses, 1999), 38.
3224:Favez, Jean-Claude (1999).
3198:Favez, Jean-Claude (1999).
3172:Favez, Jean-Claude (1999).
2996:"The Chaco war (1932-1935)"
2343:The ICRC prefers to engage
2319:International relationships
1865:
1599:In 2011, ICRC launched the
1096:(Benoit Junod, Switzerland)
623:
392:Up until the middle of the
363:(in 1917, 1944, and 1963).
10:
11827:
11039:Center for Civil Liberties
9899:International Peace Bureau
9725:(autonomous branch of the
9610:(autonomous branch of the
9570:(autonomous branch of the
9193:Taiwan (Republic of China)
5975:UN Population Fund (UNFPA)
5681:Detention Centres in Libya
5566:Core Humanitarian Standard
5243:Network for Refugee Voices
5217:Global Refugee-Led Network
4704:International Negotiation.
4186:"Le CICR manqué de bras,"
3785:The Fundamental Principles
3597:ICRC (12 September 2024).
3325:MĂ©gevand-Roggo, BĂ©atrice.
2650:Finnemore, Martha (1996),
2522:(1914-2002), Doctor of Law
1653:
1232:decided to grant the ICRC
996:
695:Kingdom of the Netherlands
517:Kingdom of the Netherlands
366:
221:1576.7 million (2016)
29:
11678:
11647:
11616:
11591:
11567:
11542:
11430:
11405:
11386:
11367:
11343:
11324:
11212:
11196:
11177:
11158:
11128:
11112:
10751:
10500:
10257:
10034:
9794:
9517:
9513:
9502:
7071:
7067:
7054:
7030:
7019:
6992:
6944:European Union portal
6932:
6856:
6715:
6325:
6298:Solidarités international
6148:
6141:
6119:
6047:
6008:
5900:
5854:
5836:UN Human Rights Committee
5806:
5793:Human rights institutions
5775:
5709:
5668:
5650:International development
5637:
5619:Kunduz hospital airstrike
5591:
5546:
5465:
5394:
5303:
5260:
5225:
5199:
5166:Norwegian Refugee Council
5108:
5070:
5029:
5020:
4983:World Humanitarian Summit
4973:
4949:
4902:
4895:
4860:
4715:Diplomacy and Statecraft.
3356:22 September 2007 at the
3332:30 September 2007 at the
3058:10.1017/S1560775500119285
2664:10.7591/9781501707384-004
1963:are the Vice Presidents.
1911:Pauline ChaponniĂšre-Chaix
1023:revision, as well as the
1021:Geneva Conventions (1929)
808:Norwegian Nobel Committee
806:was awarded in 1901, the
479:general of great renown.
442:Original document of the
287:humanitarian organization
259:
239:
229:
212:
200:
188:
176:
166:
156:
119:
108:
100:
90:
72:
61:
44:
10734:MĂ©decins Sans FrontiĂšres
7476:Central African Republic
6364:Estonian Refugee Council
6048:ICRC â organization with
5872:African Court of Justice
5523:South Sudanese Civil War
5498:2011 East Africa drought
5156:MĂ©decins Sans FrontiĂšres
5121:Catholic Relief Services
4456:
4427:Mandela, Nelson (1994),
4051:ICRC names new president
3429:ICRC: Official Statement
3289:Gallagher, Nancy (2007)
2781:IRC, Memory of Solferino
2538:
2485:(1966), Director General
2244:
2237:Mirjana Spoljaric Egger,
1924:(1886-1984) in 1930 and
1780:Fourth Geneva Convention
1772:Second Geneva Convention
1228:On 16 October 1990, the
1208:Fourth Geneva Convention
1170:Rest of the 20th century
450:On 9 February 1863, the
347:The ICRC is part of the
223:203.7 m for headquarters
45:
11358:Johannes Vilhelm Jensen
10221:Friends Service Council
6304:SOS Children's Villages
5841:UN Human Rights Council
5788:Human rights commission
5629:Dolo hospital airstrike
5473:Chinese Famine of 1870s
4965:1951 Refugee Convention
4882:Humanitarian principles
4162:La question humanitaire
4149:La question humanitaire
3988:12 October 2007 at the
3809:14 January 2012 at the
3790:21 October 2006 at the
3551:. IRIN. 28 March 2003.
3311:Feldman, Ilana (2018).
2944:Dromi, Shai M. (2020).
2931:10.1002/2059-7932.12003
2919:The Sociological Review
2878:Dromi, Shai M. (2020).
2532:Mirjana Spoljaric Egger
2510:, president of the ICRC
2447:Marguerite Frick-Cramer
2401:(1818-1898), co-founder
2353:Doctors Without Borders
2096:Mirjana Spoljaric Egger
2059:Eric Martin (physician)
1986:Mirjana Spoljaric Egger
1900:Renée-Marguerite Cramer
1776:Third Geneva Convention
1204:1907 Hague Convention X
1007:Red Cross message from
444:first Geneva Convention
420:, an engagement in the
183:Mirjana Spoljaric Egger
78:; 161 years ago
11684:Nobel Prize recipients
11649:Physiology or Medicine
11436:Nobel Prize recipients
11421:Herbert Spencer Gasser
11407:Physiology or Medicine
11398:(United States/Poland)
11218:Nobel Prize recipients
11198:Physiology or Medicine
10618:UN Peacekeeping Forces
10467: (declined award)
10376:Martin Luther King Jr.
7344:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6306:(Austria, Netherlands)
5609:World Humanitarian Day
5483:Ethiopian famine 1980s
5261:Analysis and reporting
5131:Danish Refugee Council
5109:International agencies
4486:A Memory of Solferino.
4002:ICRC. 1 January 2006.
3783:ICRC. 1 January 1995.
3271:Cite journal requires
3122:Cite journal requires
2563:
2555:
2467:(1904-1961), physician
2449:(1887-1963), historian
2364:apartheid South Africa
2340:
2271:
1875:
1722:The ICRC is a private
1623:
1332:Rules for cyberwarfare
1329:
1296:rose to power in 1933;
1257:The Holocaust memorial
1218:
1126:
1118:
1098:
1012:
958:
864:Restoring Family Links
846:
783:
734:Kingdom of WĂŒrttemberg
569:
473:Guillaume-Henri Dufour
447:
389:
67:
53:
47:
11781:Swiss Nobel laureates
11187:Charles Glover Barkla
11143:Karl Adolph Gjellerup
10890:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
10570:Alfonso GarcĂa Robles
10550:Adolfo PĂ©rez Esquivel
10522:Amnesty International
10134:Carlos Saavedra Lamas
8953:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
8887:Saint Kitts and Nevis
6614:War Child Netherlands
6606:Stichting Vluchteling
6156:Action Against Hunger
6126:Humanitarian partners
6019:Amnesty International
5571:Sphere (organization)
5493:2010 Haiti earthquake
5356:Rachel Kiddell-Monroe
5116:Action Against Hunger
5090:The Federation (IFRC)
4923:A Memory of Solferino
4740:29 April 2010 at the
4582:Moorehead, Caroline.
4404:, CNN, archived from
4373:Terry, Fiona (2002),
4010:8 August 2010 at the
3981:ICRC. 27 April 2007.
3642:10.1503/cmaj.109-3964
3097:. 15 September 2017.
2968:Moorehead, Caroline,
2423:Carl Jacob Burckhardt
2419:(1903-1963), diplomat
2357:Amnesty International
2326:
2270:
2022:Carl Jacob Burckhardt
1928:(1902-2000) in 1938.
1873:
1617:
1601:Health Care In Danger
1324:
1216:
1124:
1112:
1085:
1006:
997:Further information:
953:
921:Henry Pomeroy Davison
919:After the war ended,
849:With the outbreak of
844:
774:
567:
441:
431:A Memory of Solferino
386:A Memory of Solferino
379:
76:17 February 1863
66:
32:ICRC (disambiguation)
11632:Maria Goeppert Mayer
11005:World Food Programme
9361:United Arab Emirates
6610:Tearfund Netherlands
6483:Malteser Hilfsdienst
6463:Diakonie Deutschland
6434:Relief International
6312:(Italy, Netherlands)
6050:special status based
5285:The New Humanitarian
4752:23 June 2024 at the
4568:Hutchinson, John F.
4430:Long Walk to Freedom
4056:23 June 2024 at the
3885:23 June 2024 at the
3584:23 June 2024 at the
2981:Forsythe, David P.,
2786:5 March 2016 at the
2443:(1828-1910), founder
2437:senior civil servant
758:Charles van de Velde
669:Grand Duchy of Hesse
604:Grand Duchy of Baden
509:Grand Duchy of Hesse
497:Second French Empire
489:Grand Duchy of Baden
141:46.22778°N 6.13722°E
10686:Pugwash Conferences
9277:Trinidad and Tobago
7151:Antigua and Barbuda
6662:Farmacéuticos Mundi
6410:Federation Handicap
6113:European Commission
5846:UN Security Council
5624:Airstrikes on Yemen
4917:Battle of Solferino
4602:(Paperback edition)
4488:ICRC, Geneva 1986,
4470:Forsythe, David P.
4408:on 28 February 2007
4190:, 20 July 2002, 15.
3730:22 May 2014 at the
3431:. 27 January 2005.
3256:10.25365/THESIS.447
2998:. 25 January 2005.
2699:"Discover the ICRC"
2413:(1965-2022), writer
2209:Jakob Kellenberger,
2195:Cornelio Sommaruga,
1944:Franco-Prussian War
1230:UN General Assembly
1148:Theresienstadt Camp
1131:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
1045:concentration camps
987:full-scale conflict
760:, a captain of the
591:Swiss Confederation
418:Battle of Solferino
137: /
41:
11811:Medical neutrality
11663:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
11149:Henrik Pontoppidan
10957:Juan Manuel Santos
10283:George C. Marshall
10126:Carl von Ossietzky
10021:Austen Chamberlain
9887:A. M. F. Beernaert
9855:Theodore Roosevelt
9847:Bertha von Suttner
9523:
7726:Dominican Republic
7077:
7061:National Societies
6373:Fida International
6286:Plan International
6168:CARE International
6054:Geneva Conventions
6039:Human Rights First
6029:Human Rights Watch
5783:Human rights group
5395:Donors and funding
5100:Protective Emblems
5095:National Societies
5072:Red Cross Movement
4934:Geneva Conventions
4929:Red Cross Movement
4903:1850s, Creation of
4809:on Nobelprize.org
4783:Cornelio Sommaruga
4727:François Bugnion:
4691:François Bugnion:
4605:François Bugnion:
3770:David P Forsythe,
3748:. 3 October 2013.
2526:Cornelio Sommaruga
2489:Philippe Lazzarini
2471:Jakob Kellenberger
2455:(1960), politician
2341:
2280:Red Cross Movement
2272:
2254:The ICRC worldwide
2084:Jakob Kellenberger
2078:Cornelio Sommaruga
1980:Jakob Kellenberger
1876:
1713:Geneva Conventions
1628:Inter Arma Caritas
1624:
1348:At the end of the
1267:Cornelio Sommaruga
1219:
1160:Cornelio Sommaruga
1127:
1119:
1099:
1013:
925:American Red Cross
847:
823:Hague Convention X
793:American Red Cross
784:
721:Kingdom of Prussia
630:Kingdom of Denmark
617:Kingdom of Belgium
570:
525:Kingdom of Prussia
505:Kingdom of Hanover
493:Kingdom of Bavaria
448:
390:
361:Nobel Peace Prizes
357:National Societies
303:humanitarian norms
251:(1917, 1944, 1963)
68:
39:
11748:
11747:
11638:J. Hans D. Jensen
11500:
11499:
11396:Isidor Isaac Rabi
11282:
11281:
11070:
11069:
10931:Kailash Satyarthi
10816:Mohamed ElBaradei
10634:Mikhail Gorbachev
10329:Philip Noel-Baker
10313:Lester B. Pearson
10275:Albert Schweitzer
10056:Ferdinand Buisson
10048:Gustav Stresemann
9927:Henri La Fontaine
9788:Nobel Peace Prize
9750:
9749:
9746:
9745:
9742:
9741:
9737:
9736:
9727:Italian Red Cross
9498:
9497:
9494:
9493:
9489:
9488:
7781:Equatorial Guinea
7050:
7049:
6952:
6951:
6884:Protezione Civile
6711:
6710:
6504:Concern Worldwide
6438:Secours Islamique
6402:Institut Bioforce
6292:Save the Children
6276:(Germany, Sweden)
6075:
6074:
5915:Council of Europe
5727:
5726:
5701:Aid effectiveness
5592:Aid worker safety
5528:Rohingya genocide
5466:Major emergencies
5376:Michael Bloomberg
5321:Christos Christou
5256:
5255:
5181:Save the Children
5151:MĂ©decins du Monde
5080:Seville Agreement
5016:
5015:
4870:in conflict zones
4793:Project Gutenberg
4645:978-0-521-41587-3
4526:Pierre Boissier:
4467:(Routledge, 2007)
4440:978-0-316-54585-3
4384:978-0-8014-3960-5
4295:978-0-7637-2967-7
4240:The Humanitarians
4227:The Humanitarians
4201:The Humanitarians
4147:Philippe Ryfman,
4039:The Humanitarians
4026:The Humanitarians
3957:The Humanitarians
3944:The Humanitarians
3931:The Humanitarians
3636:(13): E981âE982.
3235:978-0-521-41587-3
3209:978-0-521-41587-3
3183:978-0-521-41587-3
2983:The Humanitarians
2955:978-0-226-68038-5
2673:978-1-5017-0738-4
2483:Pierre KrĂ€henbĂŒhl
2411:Laurence Boissier
2379:aid organizations
2329:Nobel Peace Prize
2292:Seville Agreement
2284:Swedish Red Cross
2111:Guillaume Dufour,
1826:Seville Agreement
1724:Swiss association
1717:natural disasters
1571:was 38 years old.
1043:conducted in the
896:League of Nations
804:Nobel Peace Prize
575:Geneva Convention
533:Kingdom of Saxony
351:, along with the
310:Geneva Convention
275:
274:
247:Nobel Peace Prize
207:Pierre KrĂ€henbĂŒhl
195:Gilles Carbonnier
146:46.22778; 6.13722
95:International NGO
16:(Redirected from
11818:
11686:
11527:
11520:
11513:
11504:
11503:
11438:
11309:
11302:
11295:
11286:
11285:
11220:
11097:
11090:
11083:
11074:
11073:
11063:
11052:
11050:Narges Mohammadi
11041:
11022:
11007:
10996:
10985:
10970:
10959:
10948:
10937:
10935:Malala Yousafzai
10922:
10911:
10900:
10881:
10870:
10859:
10857:Martti Ahtisaari
10848:
10833:
10818:
10803:
10792:
10781:
10770:
10744:
10736:
10728:
10716:
10704:
10702:José Ramos-Horta
10692:
10680:
10664:
10652:
10650:Rigoberta MenchĂș
10644:
10642:Aung San Suu Kyi
10636:
10628:
10620:
10612:
10604:
10596:
10588:
10580:
10572:
10560:
10552:
10544:
10536:
10524:
10516:
10514:Mairead Corrigan
10493:
10485:
10473:
10458:
10457:
10451:
10440:
10429:
10418:
10407:
10406:
10398:
10397:
10389:
10378:
10367:
10355:
10347:
10345:Dag Hammarskjöld
10339:
10331:
10323:
10315:
10307:
10306:
10300:
10299:
10293:
10285:
10277:
10269:
10250:
10242:
10234:
10233:
10227:
10215:
10203:
10195:
10187:
10186:
10180:
10179:
10173:
10172:
10166:
10165:
10159:
10158:
10152:
10144:
10136:
10128:
10120:
10118:Arthur Henderson
10112:
10104:
10103:
10097:
10085:
10083:Nathan Söderblom
10077:
10075:Frank B. Kellogg
10069:
10068:
10062:
10050:
10027:
10015:
10014:
10008:
10007:
10001:
9993:
9987:Hjalmar Branting
9981:
9973:
9965:
9964:
9958:
9950:
9949:
9943:
9942:
9936:
9935:
9929:
9921:
9913:
9901:
9893:
9881:
9869:
9857:
9849:
9841:
9833:
9825:
9813:
9777:
9770:
9763:
9754:
9753:
9730:
9719:
9718:
9711:
9704:
9703:
9696:
9689:
9688:
9681:
9674:
9673:
9660:
9653:
9652:
9645:
9638:
9637:
9630:
9623:
9622:
9615:
9604:
9603:
9590:
9583:
9582:
9575:
9564:
9563:
9556:
9549:
9548:
9541:
9534:
9533:
9520:
9519:
9515:
9514:
9504:
9503:
9478:
9477:
9466:
9465:
9454:
9453:
9442:
9441:
9430:
9429:
9418:
9417:
9406:
9405:
9394:
9393:
9382:
9381:
9370:
9369:
9358:
9357:
9346:
9345:
9334:
9333:
9322:
9321:
9310:
9309:
9298:
9297:
9286:
9285:
9274:
9273:
9262:
9261:
9250:
9249:
9238:
9237:
9226:
9225:
9214:
9213:
9202:
9201:
9190:
9189:
9178:
9177:
9166:
9165:
9154:
9153:
9142:
9141:
9130:
9129:
9118:
9117:
9106:
9105:
9094:
9093:
9082:
9081:
9070:
9069:
9058:
9057:
9046:
9045:
9034:
9033:
9022:
9021:
9010:
9009:
8998:
8997:
8986:
8985:
8974:
8973:
8962:
8961:
8950:
8949:
8938:
8937:
8926:
8925:
8914:
8913:
8902:
8901:
8884:
8883:
8872:
8871:
8860:
8859:
8848:
8847:
8839:Republika Srpska
8836:
8835:
8824:
8823:
8816:
8805:
8804:
8793:
8792:
8781:
8780:
8768:
8767:
8756:
8755:
8747:Papua New Guinea
8744:
8743:
8732:
8731:
8720:
8719:
8708:
8707:
8696:
8695:
8684:
8683:
8672:
8671:
8660:
8659:
8648:
8647:
8636:
8635:
8624:
8623:
8612:
8611:
8600:
8599:
8588:
8587:
8576:
8575:
8564:
8563:
8552:
8551:
8540:
8539:
8528:
8527:
8516:
8515:
8504:
8503:
8492:
8491:
8480:
8479:
8468:
8467:
8456:
8455:
8447:Marshall Islands
8444:
8443:
8432:
8431:
8420:
8419:
8408:
8407:
8396:
8395:
8384:
8383:
8372:
8371:
8360:
8359:
8348:
8347:
8336:
8335:
8324:
8323:
8312:
8311:
8300:
8299:
8282:
8281:
8270:
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8222:
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8210:
8209:
8198:
8197:
8186:
8185:
8174:
8173:
8162:
8161:
8150:
8149:
8138:
8137:
8126:
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8114:
8113:
8102:
8101:
8090:
8089:
8078:
8077:
8066:
8065:
8054:
8053:
8042:
8041:
8030:
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8018:
8017:
8006:
8005:
7994:
7993:
7982:
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7970:
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7957:
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7909:
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7897:
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7885:
7874:
7873:
7862:
7861:
7850:
7849:
7838:
7837:
7826:
7825:
7814:
7813:
7802:
7801:
7790:
7789:
7778:
7777:
7766:
7765:
7754:
7753:
7746:
7735:
7734:
7723:
7722:
7711:
7710:
7693:
7692:
7681:
7680:
7669:
7668:
7657:
7656:
7649:
7638:
7637:
7626:
7625:
7614:
7613:
7606:
7595:
7594:
7583:
7582:
7571:
7570:
7563:
7552:
7551:
7540:
7539:
7528:
7527:
7516:
7515:
7508:
7497:
7496:
7485:
7484:
7473:
7472:
7461:
7460:
7449:
7448:
7437:
7436:
7425:
7424:
7413:
7412:
7401:
7400:
7389:
7388:
7377:
7376:
7365:
7364:
7353:
7352:
7341:
7340:
7329:
7328:
7317:
7316:
7305:
7304:
7293:
7292:
7281:
7280:
7268:
7267:
7256:
7255:
7244:
7243:
7232:
7231:
7220:
7219:
7208:
7207:
7196:
7195:
7184:
7183:
7172:
7171:
7160:
7159:
7148:
7147:
7136:
7135:
7124:
7123:
7112:
7111:
7100:
7099:
7088:
7087:
7074:
7073:
7069:
7068:
7056:
7055:
7021:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7000:
6999:
6998:
6979:
6972:
6965:
6956:
6955:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6894:Expertise France
6310:Terre des hommes
6146:
6145:
6129:
6111:partners of the
6102:
6095:
6088:
6079:
6078:
5754:
5747:
5740:
5731:
5730:
5720:World portal
5718:
5717:
5669:Related articles
5538:Yemeni Civil War
5533:Syrian civil war
5331:Martin Griffiths
5027:
5026:
4900:
4899:
4865:Humanitarian aid
4854:Humanitarian aid
4847:
4840:
4833:
4824:
4823:
4814:
4802:Internet Archive
4649:
4619:Angela Bennett:
4445:
4443:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4370:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4249:
4243:
4236:
4230:
4223:
4217:
4210:
4204:
4197:
4191:
4184:
4178:
4171:
4165:
4158:
4152:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4067:
4061:
4048:
4042:
4035:
4029:
4022:
4016:
4000:
3994:
3979:
3973:
3966:
3960:
3953:
3947:
3940:
3934:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3905:SWI swissinfo.ch
3896:
3890:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3853:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3825:. Archived from
3819:
3813:
3801:
3795:
3781:
3775:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3742:
3736:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3700:. 28 July 2014.
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3661:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3594:
3588:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3549:www.irinnews.org
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3366:
3360:
3343:
3337:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3308:
3302:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3259:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3074:
3052:(843): 727â737.
3043:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2992:
2986:
2979:
2973:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2849:
2843:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2805:
2797:
2791:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2756:Nobel Foundation
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2566:
2549:
2498:Théodore Maunoir
2349:prisoners of war
2305:Magen David Adom
2234:
2220:
2206:
2192:
2178:
2167:Carl Burckhardt,
2164:
2150:
2136:
2125:Gustave Moynier,
2122:
2108:
2067:
2041:Leopold Boissier
2036:
1961:Christine Beerli
1950:Assembly Council
1918:Suzanne FerriĂšre
1845:, engineers, or
1806:Canton of Geneva
1745:
1744:unlike most NGOs
1522:in the south of
1344:Staff fatalities
1246:Rwandan genocide
1097:
1037:German Red Cross
880:Hague Convention
875:chemical weapons
732:
730:
729:
719:
717:
716:
706:
704:
703:
693:
691:
690:
682:Kingdom of Italy
680:
678:
677:
667:
665:
664:
654:
652:
651:
643:Kingdom of Spain
641:
639:
638:
628:
626:
625:
615:
613:
612:
602:
600:
599:
589:
587:
586:
513:Kingdom of Italy
465:Théodore Maunoir
271:
268:
266:
252:
202:Director-General
152:
151:
149:
148:
147:
142:
138:
135:
134:
133:
130:
86:
84:
79:
56:
50:
42:
38:
21:
11826:
11825:
11821:
11820:
11819:
11817:
11816:
11815:
11751:
11750:
11749:
11744:
11682:
11674:
11665:(Great Britain)
11659:(Great Britain)
11643:
11634:(United States)
11628:(United States)
11612:
11587:
11582:Giorgos Seferis
11563:
11538:
11531:
11501:
11496:
11434:
11426:
11423:(United States)
11417:(United States)
11415:Joseph Erlanger
11401:
11382:
11363:
11339:
11320:
11313:
11283:
11278:
11216:
11208:
11192:
11189:(Great Britain)
11173:
11154:
11124:
11108:
11101:
11071:
11066:
11061:to be announced
11055:
11044:
11031:Ales Bialiatski
11025:
11010:
10999:
10988:
10973:
10962:
10951:
10940:
10925:
10914:
10903:
10898:Tawakkol Karman
10884:
10873:
10862:
10851:
10836:
10821:
10806:
10801:Wangari Maathai
10795:
10784:
10773:
10758:
10747:
10739:
10731:
10719:
10707:
10695:
10683:
10667:
10655:
10647:
10639:
10631:
10623:
10615:
10607:
10599:
10591:
10583:
10575:
10563:
10555:
10547:
10539:
10527:
10519:
10507:
10496:
10491:Andrei Sakharov
10488:
10476:
10471:Henry Kissinger
10461:
10455:
10454:
10443:
10432:
10421:
10410:
10402:
10401:
10393:
10392:
10381:
10370:
10358:
10350:
10342:
10334:
10326:
10318:
10310:
10304:
10303:
10297:
10296:
10288:
10280:
10272:
10264:
10253:
10245:
10237:
10231:
10230:
10218:
10206:
10198:
10190:
10184:
10183:
10177:
10176:
10170:
10169:
10163:
10162:
10156:
10155:
10147:
10139:
10131:
10123:
10115:
10107:
10101:
10100:
10095:Nicholas Butler
10088:
10080:
10072:
10066:
10065:
10053:
10044:Aristide Briand
10041:
10030:
10018:
10012:
10011:
10005:
10004:
9999:Fridtjof Nansen
9996:
9991:Christian Lange
9984:
9976:
9968:
9962:
9961:
9953:
9947:
9946:
9940:
9939:
9933:
9932:
9924:
9916:
9904:
9896:
9884:
9872:
9860:
9852:
9844:
9836:
9828:
9816:
9801:
9790:
9781:
9751:
9738:
9733:
9731:
9724:
9713:
9712:
9709:
9698:
9697:
9695:(former member)
9694:
9683:
9682:
9679:
9668:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9647:
9646:
9643:
9632:
9631:
9628:
9617:
9616:
9609:
9598:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9577:
9576:
9569:
9558:
9557:
9554:
9543:
9542:
9539:
9528:
9509:
9490:
9485:
9483:
9472:
9471:
9460:
9459:
9448:
9447:
9436:
9435:
9424:
9423:
9412:
9411:
9400:
9399:
9388:
9387:
9376:
9375:
9364:
9363:
9352:
9351:
9340:
9339:
9328:
9327:
9316:
9315:
9304:
9303:
9292:
9291:
9280:
9279:
9268:
9267:
9256:
9255:
9244:
9243:
9232:
9231:
9220:
9219:
9208:
9207:
9196:
9195:
9184:
9183:
9172:
9171:
9160:
9159:
9148:
9147:
9136:
9135:
9124:
9123:
9112:
9111:
9100:
9099:
9088:
9087:
9076:
9075:
9064:
9063:
9061:Solomon Islands
9052:
9051:
9040:
9039:
9028:
9027:
9016:
9015:
9004:
9003:
8992:
8991:
8980:
8979:
8968:
8967:
8956:
8955:
8944:
8943:
8932:
8931:
8920:
8919:
8908:
8907:
8896:
8891:
8889:
8878:
8877:
8866:
8865:
8854:
8853:
8842:
8841:
8830:
8829:
8818:
8817:
8810:
8799:
8798:
8787:
8786:
8775:
8774:
8762:
8761:
8750:
8749:
8738:
8737:
8726:
8725:
8714:
8713:
8702:
8701:
8690:
8689:
8678:
8677:
8675:North Macedonia
8666:
8665:
8654:
8653:
8642:
8641:
8630:
8629:
8618:
8617:
8606:
8605:
8594:
8593:
8582:
8581:
8570:
8569:
8558:
8557:
8546:
8545:
8534:
8533:
8522:
8521:
8510:
8509:
8498:
8497:
8486:
8485:
8474:
8473:
8462:
8461:
8450:
8449:
8438:
8437:
8426:
8425:
8414:
8413:
8402:
8401:
8390:
8389:
8378:
8377:
8366:
8365:
8354:
8353:
8342:
8341:
8330:
8329:
8318:
8317:
8306:
8305:
8294:
8289:
8287:
8276:
8275:
8264:
8263:
8252:
8251:
8240:
8239:
8228:
8227:
8216:
8215:
8204:
8203:
8192:
8191:
8180:
8179:
8168:
8167:
8156:
8155:
8144:
8143:
8132:
8131:
8120:
8119:
8108:
8107:
8096:
8095:
8084:
8083:
8072:
8071:
8060:
8059:
8048:
8047:
8036:
8035:
8024:
8023:
8012:
8011:
8000:
7999:
7988:
7987:
7976:
7975:
7964:
7963:
7952:
7951:
7940:
7939:
7928:
7927:
7916:
7915:
7904:
7903:
7892:
7891:
7880:
7879:
7868:
7867:
7856:
7855:
7844:
7843:
7832:
7831:
7820:
7819:
7808:
7807:
7796:
7795:
7784:
7783:
7772:
7771:
7760:
7759:
7748:
7747:
7740:
7729:
7728:
7717:
7716:
7705:
7700:
7698:
7687:
7686:
7675:
7674:
7663:
7662:
7651:
7650:
7643:
7632:
7631:
7620:
7619:
7608:
7607:
7600:
7589:
7588:
7577:
7576:
7565:
7564:
7557:
7546:
7545:
7534:
7533:
7522:
7521:
7510:
7509:
7502:
7491:
7490:
7479:
7478:
7467:
7466:
7455:
7454:
7443:
7442:
7431:
7430:
7419:
7418:
7407:
7406:
7395:
7394:
7383:
7382:
7371:
7370:
7359:
7358:
7347:
7346:
7335:
7334:
7323:
7322:
7311:
7310:
7299:
7298:
7287:
7286:
7275:
7274:
7262:
7261:
7250:
7249:
7238:
7237:
7226:
7225:
7214:
7213:
7202:
7201:
7190:
7189:
7178:
7177:
7166:
7165:
7154:
7153:
7142:
7141:
7130:
7129:
7118:
7117:
7106:
7105:
7094:
7093:
7082:
7063:
7046:
7026:
7015:
7010:
7008:
7003:
7001:
6996:
6994:
6988:
6983:
6953:
6948:
6938:
6936:
6928:
6852:
6707:
6650:Ayuda en AcciĂłn
6321:
6300:(France, Spain)
6158:(France, Spain)
6137:
6123:
6115:
6106:
6076:
6071:
6051:
6049:
6043:
6004:
5902:
5896:
5855:Regional bodies
5850:
5808:
5802:
5771:
5758:
5728:
5723:
5712:
5705:
5664:
5633:
5587:
5576:Sphere Handbook
5548:
5542:
5461:
5390:
5361:MacKenzie Scott
5336:Jemilah Mahmood
5326:Winnie Byanyima
5299:
5252:
5221:
5195:
5104:
5066:
5022:
5012:
4976:reform attempts
4975:
4969:
4945:
4904:
4891:
4877:Humanitarianism
4856:
4851:
4764:
4759:
4754:Wayback Machine
4742:Wayback Machine
4709:Neville Wylie:
4687:
4682:
4667:Dromi, Shai M.
4646:
4484:Dunant, Henry.
4459:
4454:
4449:
4448:
4441:
4425:
4421:
4411:
4409:
4396:
4392:
4385:
4371:
4367:
4357:
4355:
4342:
4338:
4307:
4303:
4296:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4237:
4233:
4224:
4220:
4211:
4207:
4198:
4194:
4185:
4181:
4172:
4168:
4159:
4155:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4104:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4080:
4078:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4058:Wayback Machine
4049:
4045:
4036:
4032:
4023:
4019:
4012:Wayback Machine
4001:
3997:
3990:Wayback Machine
3980:
3976:
3967:
3963:
3954:
3950:
3941:
3937:
3928:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3897:
3893:
3887:Wayback Machine
3878:
3874:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3811:Wayback Machine
3802:
3798:
3792:Wayback Machine
3782:
3778:
3769:
3765:
3755:
3753:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3732:Wayback Machine
3721:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3595:
3591:
3586:Wayback Machine
3576:
3572:
3558:
3556:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3492:Washington Post
3483:
3479:
3469:
3467:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3407:
3405:
3394:
3390:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3358:Wayback Machine
3344:
3340:
3334:Wayback Machine
3324:
3320:
3309:
3305:
3288:
3284:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3139:
3135:
3123:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3104:
3102:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2980:
2976:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2942:
2938:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2892:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2817:on 3 March 2023
2814:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2788:Wayback Machine
2779:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2708:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2683:
2681:
2674:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2514:Gustave Moynier
2395:
2321:
2301:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2100:
2061:
2030:
2004:Gustave Moynier
1972:
1952:
1868:
1859:
1834:
1814:
1788:
1753:
1743:
1705:
1682:tracing service
1656:
1612:
1610:Characteristics
1606:
1500:Ricardo Munguia
1346:
1334:
1259:
1234:observer status
1172:
1140:Mauthausen Camp
1136:Louis Haefliger
1095:
1094:
1011:, Poland, 1940.
1001:
995:
979:Interwar period
975:
910:Nansen passport
900:Fridtjof Nansen
839:
802:When the first
738:
727:
725:
714:
712:
701:
699:
688:
686:
675:
673:
662:
660:
649:
647:
636:
634:
621:
610:
608:
597:
595:
584:
582:
521:Austrian Empire
457:Gustave Moynier
374:
369:
355:(IFRC) and 191
326:armed conflicts
263:
255:
250:
249:
232:
224:
222:
215:
203:
191:
179:
171:Humanitarianism
159:
145:
143:
139:
136:
131:
128:
126:
124:
123:
82:
80:
77:
57:
51:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11824:
11814:
11813:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11778:
11773:
11768:
11763:
11746:
11745:
11743:
11742:
11737:
11732:
11727:
11722:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11679:
11676:
11675:
11673:
11672:
11666:
11660:
11653:
11651:
11645:
11644:
11642:
11641:
11635:
11629:
11622:
11620:
11614:
11613:
11611:
11610:
11604:
11597:
11595:
11589:
11588:
11586:
11585:
11578:
11576:
11565:
11564:
11562:
11561:
11555:
11548:
11546:
11540:
11539:
11530:
11529:
11522:
11515:
11507:
11498:
11497:
11495:
11494:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11431:
11428:
11427:
11425:
11424:
11418:
11411:
11409:
11403:
11402:
11400:
11399:
11392:
11390:
11384:
11383:
11381:
11380:
11373:
11371:
11365:
11364:
11362:
11361:
11354:
11352:
11341:
11340:
11338:
11337:
11330:
11328:
11322:
11321:
11312:
11311:
11304:
11297:
11289:
11280:
11279:
11277:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11241:
11236:
11231:
11226:
11221:
11213:
11210:
11209:
11207:
11206:
11202:
11200:
11194:
11193:
11191:
11190:
11183:
11181:
11175:
11174:
11172:
11171:
11164:
11162:
11156:
11155:
11153:
11152:
11146:
11139:
11137:
11126:
11125:
11123:
11122:
11118:
11116:
11110:
11109:
11100:
11099:
11092:
11085:
11077:
11068:
11067:
11065:
11064:
11053:
11042:
11023:
11020:Dmitry Muratov
11008:
10997:
10986:
10971:
10960:
10949:
10938:
10923:
10912:
10909:European Union
10901:
10882:
10871:
10860:
10849:
10834:
10831:Muhammad Yunus
10819:
10804:
10793:
10782:
10771:
10764:United Nations
10755:
10753:
10749:
10748:
10746:
10745:
10737:
10729:
10717:
10705:
10693:
10690:Joseph Rotblat
10681:
10665:
10662:F. W. de Klerk
10658:Nelson Mandela
10653:
10645:
10637:
10629:
10621:
10613:
10605:
10597:
10589:
10581:
10573:
10561:
10553:
10545:
10537:
10534:Menachem Begin
10525:
10517:
10510:Betty Williams
10504:
10502:
10498:
10497:
10495:
10494:
10486:
10474:
10459:
10452:
10441:
10438:Norman Borlaug
10430:
10419:
10408:
10399:
10390:
10379:
10368:
10356:
10348:
10340:
10337:Albert Luthuli
10332:
10324:
10316:
10308:
10301:
10294:
10286:
10278:
10270:
10261:
10259:
10255:
10254:
10252:
10251:
10243:
10235:
10228:
10216:
10204:
10196:
10188:
10181:
10174:
10167:
10160:
10153:
10145:
10137:
10129:
10121:
10113:
10105:
10098:
10086:
10078:
10070:
10063:
10051:
10038:
10036:
10032:
10031:
10029:
10028:
10016:
10009:
10002:
9994:
9982:
9979:LĂ©on Bourgeois
9974:
9971:Woodrow Wilson
9966:
9959:
9951:
9944:
9937:
9930:
9922:
9914:
9902:
9894:
9882:
9875:Klas Arnoldson
9870:
9863:Ernesto Moneta
9858:
9850:
9842:
9834:
9826:
9814:
9811:Frédéric Passy
9798:
9796:
9792:
9791:
9780:
9779:
9772:
9765:
9757:
9748:
9747:
9744:
9743:
9740:
9739:
9735:
9734:
9666:
9664:
9641:Ossetia, South
9596:
9594:
9526:
9524:
9518:
9511:
9510:
9500:
9499:
9496:
9495:
9492:
9491:
9487:
9486:
9373:United Kingdom
8894:
8892:
8292:
8290:
7703:
7701:
7672:Czech Republic
7080:
7078:
7072:
7065:
7064:
7052:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7038:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7017:
7016:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6982:
6981:
6974:
6967:
6959:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6695:LĂ€karmissionen
6684:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6620:
6579:
6518:
6501:
6467:Die Johanniter
6452:
6426:Ćuvre d'Orient
6387:
6370:
6361:
6344:
6339:
6329:
6327:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6313:
6307:
6301:
6295:
6289:
6283:
6277:
6274:Islamic Relief
6271:
6217:
6186:Czech Republic
6174:Caritas Europa
6171:
6165:
6159:
6152:
6150:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6105:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6082:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6064:
6058:
6056:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6015:
6013:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5910:European Union
5906:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5812:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5772:
5760:International
5757:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5734:
5725:
5724:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5686:Crisis mapping
5683:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5660:Neocolonialism
5657:
5652:
5647:
5641:
5639:
5638:Related fields
5635:
5634:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5552:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5503:Typhoon Haiyan
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5389:
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5383:
5381:Warren Buffett
5378:
5373:
5371:Jamshedji Tata
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5351:James Orbinski
5348:
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5304:Notable people
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5173:
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4762:External links
4760:
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3349:29 June 2007.
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3336:. 5 July 2005.
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2435:Patricia Danzi
2432:
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2417:Friedrich Born
2414:
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2405:Orianne Aymard
2402:
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2381:can make weak
2368:Nelson Mandela
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2094:2022âpresent:
2092:
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2080:
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2055:
2053:Marcel Naville
2049:
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2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
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1915:music educator
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1171:
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812:Frédéric Passy
768:was convened.
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11626:Eugene Wigner
11624:
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11609:(Switzerland)
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11017:
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10723:
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10714:Jody Williams
10711:
10706:
10703:
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10678:Yasser Arafat
10675:
10674:Yitzhak Rabin
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10479:SeĂĄn MacBride
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10353:Linus Pauling
10349:
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10260:
10256:
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10240:John Boyd Orr
10236:
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10197:
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10110:Norman Angell
10106:
10099:
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10092:
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10084:
10079:
10076:
10071:
10064:
10061:
10060:Ludwig Quidde
10057:
10052:
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10045:
10040:
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10037:
10033:
10026:
10025:Charles Dawes
10022:
10017:
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10003:
10000:
9995:
9992:
9988:
9983:
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9975:
9972:
9967:
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9923:
9920:
9915:
9912:
9908:
9903:
9900:
9895:
9892:
9888:
9883:
9880:
9879:Fredrik Bajer
9876:
9871:
9868:
9867:Louis Renault
9864:
9859:
9856:
9851:
9848:
9843:
9840:
9835:
9832:
9831:Randal Cremer
9827:
9824:
9823:Charles Gobat
9820:
9819:Ălie Ducommun
9815:
9812:
9808:
9804:
9800:
9799:
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9793:
9789:
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9773:
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9613:
9608:
9602:
9595:
9592:
9587:
9581:
9573:
9568:
9562:
9553:
9552:Cyprus, North
9547:
9538:
9532:
9525:
9522:
9521:
9516:
9512:
9505:
9501:
9484:
9482:
9476:
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9452:
9446:
9440:
9434:
9428:
9422:
9416:
9410:
9404:
9398:
9392:
9386:
9385:United States
9380:
9374:
9368:
9362:
9356:
9350:
9344:
9338:
9332:
9326:
9320:
9314:
9308:
9302:
9296:
9290:
9284:
9278:
9272:
9266:
9260:
9254:
9248:
9242:
9236:
9230:
9224:
9218:
9212:
9206:
9200:
9194:
9188:
9182:
9176:
9170:
9164:
9158:
9152:
9146:
9140:
9134:
9128:
9122:
9116:
9110:
9104:
9098:
9092:
9086:
9080:
9074:
9068:
9062:
9056:
9050:
9044:
9038:
9032:
9026:
9020:
9014:
9008:
9002:
8996:
8990:
8984:
8978:
8972:
8966:
8960:
8954:
8948:
8942:
8936:
8930:
8924:
8918:
8912:
8906:
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8893:
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8882:
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8858:
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8834:
8828:
8822:
8814:
8809:
8803:
8797:
8791:
8785:
8779:
8772:
8766:
8760:
8754:
8748:
8742:
8736:
8730:
8724:
8718:
8712:
8706:
8700:
8694:
8688:
8682:
8676:
8670:
8664:
8658:
8652:
8646:
8640:
8634:
8628:
8622:
8616:
8610:
8604:
8598:
8592:
8586:
8580:
8574:
8568:
8562:
8556:
8550:
8544:
8538:
8532:
8526:
8520:
8514:
8508:
8502:
8496:
8490:
8484:
8478:
8472:
8466:
8460:
8454:
8448:
8442:
8436:
8430:
8424:
8418:
8412:
8406:
8400:
8394:
8388:
8382:
8376:
8370:
8364:
8358:
8352:
8346:
8340:
8339:Liechtenstein
8334:
8328:
8322:
8316:
8310:
8304:
8298:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8280:
8274:
8268:
8262:
8256:
8250:
8244:
8238:
8232:
8226:
8220:
8214:
8208:
8202:
8196:
8190:
8184:
8178:
8172:
8166:
8160:
8154:
8148:
8142:
8136:
8130:
8124:
8118:
8112:
8106:
8100:
8094:
8088:
8082:
8076:
8070:
8064:
8058:
8052:
8046:
8040:
8034:
8028:
8022:
8016:
8010:
8004:
7998:
7992:
7986:
7985:Guinea-Bissau
7980:
7974:
7968:
7962:
7956:
7950:
7944:
7938:
7932:
7926:
7920:
7914:
7908:
7902:
7896:
7890:
7884:
7878:
7872:
7866:
7860:
7854:
7848:
7842:
7836:
7830:
7824:
7818:
7812:
7806:
7800:
7794:
7788:
7782:
7776:
7770:
7764:
7758:
7752:
7744:
7739:
7733:
7727:
7721:
7715:
7709:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7691:
7685:
7679:
7673:
7667:
7661:
7655:
7647:
7642:
7636:
7630:
7624:
7618:
7617:CĂŽte d'Ivoire
7612:
7604:
7599:
7593:
7587:
7581:
7575:
7569:
7561:
7556:
7550:
7544:
7538:
7532:
7526:
7520:
7514:
7506:
7501:
7495:
7489:
7483:
7477:
7471:
7465:
7459:
7453:
7447:
7441:
7435:
7429:
7423:
7417:
7411:
7405:
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7393:
7387:
7381:
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7339:
7333:
7327:
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6957:
6945:
6935:
6934:
6931:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6909:Hungary Helps
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
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6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6714:
6704:
6700:
6699:PMU Interlife
6696:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6671:
6670:Medicus Mundi
6667:
6663:
6659:
6658:Entreculturas
6655:
6651:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
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6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6377:FinnChurchAid
6374:
6371:
6369:
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6362:
6360:
6356:
6352:
6348:
6345:
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6340:
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6218:
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6211:
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6187:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6172:
6169:
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6163:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6149:International
6147:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6110:
6103:
6098:
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6080:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6034:Emergency NGO
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6012:
6007:
6001:
5998:
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5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5901:Multi-lateral
5899:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
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5859:
5857:
5853:
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5842:
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5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
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5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5807:International
5805:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5765:organisations
5763:
5755:
5750:
5748:
5743:
5741:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5708:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
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5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
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5627:
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5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5584:
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5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
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5509:
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5504:
5501:
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5496:
5494:
5491:
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5481:
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5399:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5366:Melinda Gates
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
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5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
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5230:
5228:
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5198:
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5174:
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5162:
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5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
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5142:
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5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5101:
5098:
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5093:
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5078:
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5063:
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5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5023:organizations
5019:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4988:Grand Bargain
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4948:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:the Red Cross
4901:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4836:
4834:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4678:
4677:9780226680248
4674:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4662:0-7103-0519-2
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4630:
4629:0-7509-4147-2
4626:
4622:
4618:
4616:
4615:0-333-74771-2
4612:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4600:0-00-638883-3
4597:
4593:
4592:0-00-255141-1
4589:
4585:
4581:
4579:
4578:0-8133-3367-9
4575:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4564:2-88145-074-1
4561:
4557:
4553:
4551:
4550:2-88044-009-2
4547:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4536:2-88044-012-2
4533:
4529:
4525:
4523:
4522:90-247-3064-3
4519:
4515:
4511:
4509:
4508:3-258-04719-7
4505:
4501:
4497:
4495:
4494:2-88145-006-7
4491:
4487:
4483:
4481:
4480:0-521-61281-0
4477:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4442:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4423:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4305:
4297:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4274:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4241:
4235:
4228:
4222:
4215:
4209:
4202:
4196:
4189:
4183:
4176:
4170:
4163:
4157:
4150:
4144:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4047:
4040:
4034:
4027:
4021:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3978:
3971:
3970:La Protection
3965:
3958:
3952:
3945:
3939:
3932:
3926:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3876:
3857:
3850:
3844:
3829:on 9 May 2012
3828:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3780:
3773:
3767:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3735:. 7 May 2006.
3734:
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3699:
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3392:
3375:
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3365:
3359:
3355:
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3348:
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3331:
3328:
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3314:
3307:
3300:
3299:977-416-105-X
3296:
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3257:
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3237:
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3137:
3129:
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3071:
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3063:
3059:
3055:
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3017:
3001:
2997:
2991:
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2928:
2924:
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2913:
2897:
2893:
2891:9780226680248
2887:
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2882:
2874:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2841:0-7509-4147-2
2838:
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2796:
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2777:
2761:
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2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2453:Alfonso Gomez
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2429:Pierre Cormon
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2372:interrogation
2369:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2338:
2337:John MacAulay
2334:
2330:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2309:Star of David
2306:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2233:
2228:
2223:Peter Maurer,
2219:
2214:
2205:
2200:
2191:
2186:
2177:
2172:
2163:
2158:
2149:
2144:
2139:Gustave Ador,
2135:
2130:
2121:
2116:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2072:Alexandre Hay
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2047:Samuel Gonard
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1970:The President
1967:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1957:Olivier Vodoz
1947:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1926:Renée Bordier
1923:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1897:legal scholar
1894:
1890:
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1317:
1313:
1312:ICRC archives
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1271:The Holocaust
1268:
1264:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1239:Vieri Traxler
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
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1177:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:Victor Maurer
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1077:Sachsenhausen
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1005:
1000:
990:
988:
984:
980:
970:
966:
962:
957:
952:
950:
949:United States
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:Great Britain
930:
926:
922:
917:
914:
912:
911:
906:
901:
897:
892:
887:
885:
881:
876:
871:
869:
865:
860:
856:
852:
843:
834:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
788:
782:
778:
773:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
747:
744:
743:
742:
735:
724:
722:
711:
709:
698:
696:
685:
683:
672:
670:
659:
657:
656:French Empire
646:
644:
633:
631:
620:
618:
607:
605:
594:
592:
581:
580:
578:
576:
566:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
545:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
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498:
494:
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478:
474:
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466:
462:
458:
453:
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436:
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388:
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382:
378:
364:
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350:
345:
343:
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335:
331:
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296:
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155:
150:
122:
118:
115:, Switzerland
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
75:
71:
65:
60:
55:
49:
43:
37:
33:
19:
11806:Henry Dunant
11714:
11600:
11558:Giulio Natta
11552:Karl Ziegler
11466:
11376:
11248:
11167:
11060:
11037: /
11033: /
11018: /
10981: /
10933: /
10896: /
10892: /
10868:Barack Obama
10844: /
10829: /
10827:Grameen Bank
10814: /
10790:Shirin Ebadi
10779:Jimmy Carter
10766: /
10752:2001âpresent
10742:Kim Dae-jung
10724: /
10712: /
10700: /
10688: /
10676: /
10672: /
10670:Shimon Peres
10660: /
10586:Desmond Tutu
10568: /
10532: /
10512: /
10481: /
10469: /
10463:
10449:Willy Brandt
10363: /
10360:
10321:Georges Pire
10267:LĂ©on Jouhaux
10248:Ralph Bunche
10223: /
10211: /
10201:Cordell Hull
10192:
10142:Robert Cecil
10093: /
10058: /
10046: /
10023: /
9989: /
9955:
9911:Alfred Fried
9909: /
9907:Tobias Asser
9889: /
9877: /
9865: /
9821: /
9809: /
9807:Henry Dunant
9722:Vatican City
9710:(non-member)
9707:Transnistria
9680:(non-member)
9667:
9644:(non-member)
9629:(non-member)
9597:
9589:(non-member)
9555:(non-member)
9527:
9313:Turkmenistan
9085:South Africa
9013:Sierra Leone
8965:Saudi Arabia
8895:
8773:(suspended)
8293:
8225:Korea, South
8213:Korea, North
7704:
7586:Cook Islands
7404:Burkina Faso
7273:(suspended)
7081:
7034:
6722:
6569:Un Ponte Per
6495:Sign of Hope
6351:DanChurchAid
6316:World Vision
6124:
6109:Humanitarian
6061:
5809:institutions
5769:institutions
5762:human rights
5711:
5655:Peacekeeping
5645:Human Rights
5556:CHS Alliance
5549:power, abuse
5488:2004 tsunami
5457:Yield Giving
5346:Peter Maurer
5207:NEAR Network
5186:World Vision
5084:
5021:Humanitarian
4993:Localisation
4974:21st-century
4921:
4912:Henry Dunant
4728:
4721:
4714:
4710:
4703:
4699:
4692:
4668:
4653:
4635:
4620:
4606:
4583:
4569:
4555:
4541:
4527:
4513:
4499:
4498:Haug, Hans.
4485:
4471:
4464:
4452:Bibliography
4429:
4422:
4410:, retrieved
4406:the original
4400:
4393:
4374:
4368:
4356:, retrieved
4346:
4339:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4280:
4273:
4261:. Retrieved
4247:
4239:
4234:
4226:
4221:
4213:
4208:
4200:
4195:
4187:
4182:
4174:
4169:
4161:
4156:
4148:
4143:
4131:. Retrieved
4117:
4105:. Retrieved
4091:
4079:. Retrieved
4065:
4046:
4038:
4033:
4025:
4020:
4003:
3998:
3982:
3977:
3969:
3964:
3956:
3951:
3943:
3938:
3930:
3925:
3913:. Retrieved
3904:
3894:
3875:
3863:. Retrieved
3843:
3831:. Retrieved
3827:the original
3817:
3799:
3779:
3771:
3766:
3754:. Retrieved
3740:
3725:The Mission.
3723:
3718:
3706:. Retrieved
3697:
3688:
3676:. Retrieved
3633:
3629:
3619:
3609:12 September
3607:. Retrieved
3603:www.icrc.org
3602:
3592:
3573:
3564:
3557:. Retrieved
3548:
3539:
3527:. Retrieved
3519:www.icrc.org
3518:
3508:
3496:. Retrieved
3490:
3480:
3468:. Retrieved
3449:
3437:. Retrieved
3428:
3419:
3406:. Retrieved
3391:
3378:. Retrieved
3364:
3346:
3341:
3321:
3312:
3306:
3290:
3285:
3264:cite journal
3245:
3225:
3219:
3199:
3193:
3173:
3167:
3155:. Retrieved
3147:www.icrc.org
3146:
3136:
3115:cite journal
3103:. Retrieved
3089:
3077:. Retrieved
3049:
3045:
3032:
3022:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
2990:
2982:
2977:
2969:
2964:
2945:
2939:
2925:(2): 79â97.
2922:
2918:
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2880:
2873:
2861:. Retrieved
2847:
2831:
2819:. Retrieved
2812:the original
2807:
2795:
2776:
2764:. Retrieved
2746:
2734:. Retrieved
2720:
2707:. Retrieved
2693:
2682:, retrieved
2655:
2645:
2633:. Retrieved
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2581:
2547:
2504:Peter Maurer
2465:Marcel Junod
2441:Henry Dunant
2385:appear more
2376:
2361:
2342:
2302:
2289:
2273:
2257:
2248:
2090:Peter Maurer
2028:Paul Ruegger
2010:Gustave Ador
1998:Henri Dufour
1990:
1984:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1953:
1937:
1930:
1886:
1877:
1860:
1851:
1847:interpreters
1835:
1832:Organization
1815:
1802:
1793:
1789:
1765:
1754:
1737:
1721:
1706:
1703:Legal status
1697:
1687:to organize
1657:
1644:Red Crescent
1640:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1605:
1598:
1479:Nowije Atagi
1347:
1335:
1325:
1321:
1276:
1260:
1243:
1227:
1220:
1200:
1173:
1164:
1128:
1104:
1100:
1091:Nazi Germany
1087:Marcel Junod
1061:
1057:
1049:Soviet Union
1041:mass murders
1035:-controlled
1028:
1018:
1014:
993:World War II
976:
967:
963:
959:
954:
918:
915:
908:
888:
872:
859:Swiss francs
848:
820:
801:
797:Clara Barton
789:
785:
751:
739:
588:
571:
485:
481:
449:
429:
406:Napoléon III
402:Henry Dunant
394:19th century
391:
384:
383:, author of
381:Henry Dunant
346:
340:, and other
307:
299:rules of war
282:
278:
276:
109:Headquarters
36:
11671:(Australia)
11657:John Eccles
11535:Nobel Prize
11317:Nobel Prize
11105:Nobel Prize
11016:Maria Ressa
10983:Nadia Murad
10698:Carlos Belo
10610:Ăscar Arias
10602:Elie Wiesel
10578:Lech WaĆÄsa
10566:Alva Myrdal
10530:Anwar Sadat
10483:Eisaku SatĆ
10416:René Cassin
10209:Emily Balch
10091:Jane Addams
9540:(no-member)
9241:Timor-Leste
9169:Switzerland
9097:South Sudan
8905:Saint Lucia
8811: [
8784:Philippines
8627:New Zealand
8615:Netherlands
7769:El Salvador
7741: [
7644: [
7601: [
7558: [
7503: [
7223:The Bahamas
7091:Afghanistan
6598:Mercy Corps
6256:Netherlands
6210:Netherlands
5316:Jan Egeland
5200:Consortiums
5161:Mercy Corps
5030:UN agencies
4107:11 December
4081:11 December
3915:10 December
3529:4 September
3157:13 November
3105:13 November
2520:Jean Pictet
2477:Daniel Koch
2399:Louis Appia
2313:Red Crystal
2197:(1932-2024)
2183:(1919-1991)
2169:(1891-1974)
2155:(1874-1960)
2141:(1845-1928)
2127:(1826-1910)
2113:(1787-1875)
2088:2012â2022:
2082:2000â2012:
2076:1987â1999:
2070:1976â1987:
2062: [
2057:1973â1976:
2051:1969â1973:
2045:1964â1969:
2039:1955â1964:
2031: [
2026:1948â1955:
2020:1945â1948:
2014:1928â1944:
2008:1910â1928:
2002:1864â1910:
1996:1863â1864:
1922:Lucie Odier
1908:suffragette
1857:Directorate
1843:agronomists
1751:Legal basis
1648:Red Crystal
1584:Hauwa Liman
1439:Yugoslavian
1290:Jean Pictet
1188:Palestinian
1156:Dachau Camp
1144:Paul Dunant
1073:RavensbrĂŒck
851:World War I
837:World War I
467:, from the
461:Louis Appia
318:Protocol II
295:Nobel Prize
144: /
120:Coordinates
11755:Categories
11569:Literature
11345:Literature
11130:Literature
10994:Abiy Ahmed
10879:Liu Xiaobo
10768:Kofi Annan
10465:LĂȘ Äức Thá»
9919:Elihu Root
9677:Somaliland
9409:Uzbekistan
9205:Tajikistan
9001:Seychelles
8941:San Marino
8567:Mozambique
8543:Montenegro
8459:Mauritania
8375:Madagascar
8363:Luxembourg
8249:Kyrgyzstan
8177:Kazakhstan
7598:Costa Rica
7464:Cape Verde
7247:Bangladesh
7211:Azerbaijan
6848:World Bank
6798:UN-HABITAT
6768:UNDP MPTFO
6455:arche noVa
6248:Luxembourg
6206:Luxembourg
5547:Standards,
5386:Bill Gates
4238:Forsythe,
4225:Forsythe,
4199:Forsythe,
4133:17 January
4037:Forsythe,
4024:Forsythe,
3972:, 1138â41.
3955:Forsythe,
3942:Forsythe,
3929:Forsythe,
3678:29 January
3498:15 October
3470:15 October
3439:19 October
3408:19 October
2902:4 February
2766:13 October
2684:1 February
2573:References
2387:legitimate
2287:the ICRC.
2153:Max Huber,
1940:neutrality
1728:immunities
1689:protection
1646:, and the
1636:Swiss flag
1250:Srebrenica
1069:Buchenwald
983:Gran Chaco
947:, and the
762:Dutch Army
477:Swiss Army
314:Protocol I
129:46°13âČ40âłN
83:1863-02-17
11640:(Germany)
11554:(Germany)
11544:Chemistry
11537:laureates
11360:(Denmark)
11336:(Germany)
11334:Otto Hahn
11326:Chemistry
11319:laureates
11151:(Denmark)
11145:(Denmark)
11114:Chemistry
11107:laureates
10722:John Hume
10501:1976â2000
10258:1951â1975
10213:John Mott
10035:1926â1950
9795:1901â1925
9784:Laureates
9567:Hong Kong
9433:Venezuela
9121:Sri Lanka
9025:Singapore
8723:Palestine
8639:Nicaragua
8471:Mauritius
8351:Lithuania
8069:Indonesia
7961:Guatemala
7187:Australia
7163:Argentina
6828:UNSECOORD
6549:Emergency
6521:ActionAid
6368:MTĂ Mondo
5427:ECHO (EU)
5417:FCDO (UK)
5341:Hugo Slim
5311:Degan Ali
5290:ReliefWeb
4331:145620765
4263:6 October
3968:Bugnion,
3650:0820-3946
3380:28 August
3347:BBC News.
3066:145129127
2459:Max Huber
2333:King Olav
2016:Max Huber
1893:historian
1733:embassies
1508:Tirin Kot
1286:Max Huber
1192:West Bank
1182:, by the
1115:Eindhoven
973:Chaco War
891:postcards
884:POW camps
827:The Hague
754:Oldenburg
414:Solferino
338:civilians
330:prisoners
289:based in
178:President
162:Worldwide
73:Formation
11584:(Greece)
11035:Memorial
9537:Abkhazia
9481:Zimbabwe
9445:Viet Nam
9229:Thailand
9217:Tanzania
9145:Suriname
9049:Slovenia
9037:Slovakia
8808:Portugal
8759:Paraguay
8699:Pakistan
8531:Mongolia
8411:Maldives
8399:Malaysia
8201:Kiribati
8021:Honduras
7829:Ethiopia
7817:Eswatini
7714:Dominica
7696:Djibouti
7531:Colombia
7440:Cameroon
7428:Cambodia
7392:Bulgaria
7356:Botswana
7259:Barbados
6857:Agencies
6833:UN Women
6691:Diakonia
6678:Mundubat
6557:INTERSOS
6516:TrĂłcaire
6446:Triangle
6326:National
5518:Iraq War
4750:Archived
4738:Archived
4685:Articles
4352:archived
4257:Archived
4160:Ryfman,
4127:Archived
4101:Archived
4075:Archived
4054:Archived
4008:Archived
3986:Archived
3946:, 203-6.
3909:Archived
3883:Archived
3856:Archived
3807:Archived
3788:Archived
3750:Archived
3728:Archived
3708:17 April
3702:Archived
3694:"Emblem"
3672:Archived
3668:21859874
3582:Archived
3553:Archived
3523:Archived
3521:. ICRC.
3464:Archived
3460:BBC News
3433:Archived
3402:Archived
3374:Archived
3354:Archived
3330:Archived
3151:Archived
3099:Archived
3070:Archived
3006:17 April
3000:Archived
2896:Archived
2857:Archived
2784:Archived
2760:Archived
2736:17 April
2730:Archived
2703:Archived
2701:. 2007.
2678:archived
2635:26 April
2626:Archived
2603:26 April
2594:Archived
2239:(1972- )
2225:(1956- )
2211:(1944- )
1933:Cold War
1881:co-opted
1866:Assembly
1504:Kandahar
1477:city of
1443:Sarajevo
1441:city of
1350:Cold War
1316:archives
1117:in 1944.
560:colours.
412:town of
334:refugees
240:Award(s)
214:Budget
132:6°8âČ14âłE
11618:Physics
11560:(Italy)
11388:Physics
11179:Physics
10842:Al Gore
9786:of the
9421:Vanuatu
9397:Uruguay
9349:Ukraine
9289:Tunisia
9073:Somalia
8977:Senegal
8851:Romania
8663:Nigeria
8591:Namibia
8579:Myanmar
8555:Morocco
8507:Moldova
8315:Liberia
8303:Lesotho
8285:Lebanon
8141:Jamaica
8105:Ireland
8045:Iceland
8033:Hungary
7949:Grenada
7913:Germany
7901:Georgia
7853:Finland
7805:Estonia
7793:Eritrea
7738:Ecuador
7684:Denmark
7629:Croatia
7543:Comoros
7416:Burundi
7332:Bolivia
7284:Belgium
7271:Belarus
7235:Bahrain
7199:Austria
7175:Armenia
7127:Andorra
7115:Algeria
7103:Albania
6778:UNESCAP
6641:AKF PRT
6582:Cordaid
6577:WeWorld
6244:Germany
6236:Finland
6232:Denmark
6228:Belgium
6224:Austria
6202:Ireland
6198:Germany
6190:Denmark
6182:Belgium
6178:Austria
6133:DG ECHO
4896:History
4800:at the
4775:- vidéo
4664:, 1995.
4412:17 July
4358:17 July
3659:3176880
3559:8 March
3079:20 June
3026:. 1948.
2863:11 June
2821:3 March
2560:Spanish
2383:regimes
1654:Mission
1524:Baghdad
1475:Chechen
977:In the
781:Germany
410:Italian
398:nursing
367:History
285:) is a
260:Website
231:Staff
101:Purpose
81: (
10740:2000:
10732:1999:
10720:1998:
10708:1997:
10696:1996:
10684:1995:
10668:1994:
10656:1993:
10648:1992:
10640:1991:
10632:1990:
10624:1989:
10616:1988:
10608:1987:
10600:1986:
10592:1985:
10584:1984:
10576:1983:
10564:1982:
10556:1981:
10548:1980:
10540:1979:
10528:1978:
10520:1977:
10508:1976:
10489:1975:
10477:1974:
10462:1973:
10387:UNICEF
10359:1963:
10351:1962:
10343:1961:
10335:1960:
10327:1959:
10319:1958:
10311:1957:
10289:1954:
10281:1953:
10273:1952:
10265:1951:
10246:1950:
10238:1949:
10219:1947:
10207:1946:
10199:1945:
10191:1944:
10148:1938:
10140:1937:
10132:1936:
10124:1935:
10116:1934:
10108:1933:
10089:1931:
10081:1930:
10073:1929:
10054:1927:
10042:1926:
10019:1925:
9997:1922:
9985:1921:
9977:1920:
9969:1919:
9954:1917:
9925:1913:
9917:1912:
9905:1911:
9897:1910:
9885:1909:
9873:1908:
9861:1907:
9853:1906:
9845:1905:
9837:1904:
9829:1903:
9817:1902:
9720:
9705:
9692:Taiwan
9690:
9675:
9654:
9639:
9624:
9605:
9586:Kosovo
9584:
9565:
9550:
9535:
9479:
9469:Zambia
9467:
9455:
9443:
9431:
9419:
9407:
9395:
9383:
9371:
9359:
9347:
9337:Uganda
9335:
9325:Tuvalu
9323:
9311:
9301:Turkey
9299:
9287:
9275:
9263:
9251:
9239:
9227:
9215:
9203:
9191:
9179:
9167:
9157:Sweden
9155:
9143:
9131:
9119:
9107:
9095:
9083:
9071:
9059:
9047:
9035:
9023:
9011:
8999:
8989:Serbia
8987:
8975:
8963:
8951:
8939:
8927:
8915:
8903:
8885:
8875:Rwanda
8873:
8863:Russia
8861:
8849:
8837:
8825:
8806:
8796:Poland
8794:
8782:
8769:
8757:
8745:
8735:Panama
8733:
8721:
8709:
8697:
8687:Norway
8685:
8673:
8661:
8649:
8637:
8625:
8613:
8601:
8589:
8577:
8565:
8553:
8541:
8529:
8519:Monaco
8517:
8505:
8493:
8483:Mexico
8481:
8469:
8457:
8445:
8433:
8421:
8409:
8397:
8387:Malawi
8385:
8373:
8361:
8349:
8337:
8325:
8313:
8301:
8283:
8273:Latvia
8271:
8259:
8247:
8237:Kuwait
8235:
8223:
8211:
8199:
8187:
8175:
8165:Jordan
8163:
8151:
8139:
8127:
8117:Israel
8115:
8103:
8091:
8079:
8067:
8055:
8043:
8031:
8019:
8007:
7997:Guyana
7995:
7983:
7973:Guinea
7971:
7959:
7947:
7937:Greece
7935:
7923:
7911:
7899:
7889:Gambia
7887:
7875:
7865:France
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7839:
7827:
7815:
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7639:
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7368:Brazil
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7318:
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7294:
7282:
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7139:Angola
7137:
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7101:
7089:
7043:(IFRC)
7037:(ICRC)
6889:Enabel
6879:DGSCGC
6788:UNICEF
6783:UNESCO
6487:Medair
6347:DACAAR
6268:Sweden
6260:Norway
6240:France
6194:France
6009:Major
5903:bodies
5442:France
5437:Turkey
5432:Canada
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4675:
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3722:ICRC.
3666:
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3648:
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3297:
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3232:
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3180:
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2709:12 May
2670:
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1838:Geneva
1661:relief
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1294:Hitler
1196:Israel
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816:Heiden
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426:Geneva
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291:Geneva
113:Geneva
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11593:Peace
11533:1963
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11315:1944
11249:1917
11160:Peace
11103:1917
9607:Macau
9457:Yemen
9265:Tonga
9181:Syria
9133:Sudan
9109:Spain
8929:Samoa
8827:Qatar
8815:]
8711:Palau
8651:Niger
8603:Nepal
8435:Malta
8327:Libya
8189:Kenya
8153:Japan
8129:Italy
8057:India
8009:Haiti
7925:Ghana
7877:Gabon
7757:Egypt
7745:]
7648:]
7605:]
7562:]
7555:Congo
7519:China
7507:]
7500:Chile
7308:Benin
6869:DGPCE
6864:AECID
6823:UNRWA
6818:UNOPS
6813:UNODC
6808:UNMAS
6803:UNHCR
6793:UNFPA
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6703:SWEDO
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6541:COOPI
6533:Cesvi
6525:AISPO
6418:iMMAP
6394:ALIMA
6390:ACTED
6280:Oxfam
6264:Spain
6252:Italy
6214:Spain
5776:Types
5412:Japan
5407:USAID
5273:ALNAP
5238:Adeso
5171:Oxfam
5037:UNHCR
4950:Post
4457:Books
4327:S2CID
4242:, 37.
4229:, 52.
3859:(PDF)
3852:(PDF)
3756:8 May
3301:p. 51
3214:p. 6.
3073:(PDF)
3062:S2CID
3042:(PDF)
2815:(PDF)
2804:(PDF)
2629:(PDF)
2622:(PDF)
2597:(PDF)
2590:(PDF)
2539:Notes
2493:UNRWA
2245:Staff
2066:]
2035:]
1904:nurse
1889:white
1797:BRICS
1520:Hilla
1515:city.
1481:near
1327:time.
1053:Japan
945:Italy
941:Japan
267:.icrc
167:Field
11740:1968
11735:1967
11730:1966
11725:1965
11720:1964
11710:1962
11705:1961
11700:1960
11695:1959
11690:1958
11573:1963
11492:1949
11487:1948
11482:1947
11477:1946
11472:1945
11462:1943
11457:1942
11452:1941
11447:1940
11442:1939
11349:1944
11274:1922
11269:1921
11264:1920
11259:1919
11254:1918
11244:1916
11239:1915
11234:1914
11229:1913
11224:1912
11205:None
11134:1917
11121:None
11057:2024
11046:2023
11027:2022
11012:2021
11001:2020
10990:2019
10975:2018
10964:2017
10953:2016
10942:2015
10927:2014
10916:2013
10905:2012
10886:2011
10875:2010
10864:2009
10853:2008
10838:2007
10823:2006
10808:2005
10797:2004
10786:2003
10775:2002
10760:2001
10456:1972
10445:1971
10434:1970
10423:1969
10412:1968
10404:1967
10395:1966
10383:1965
10372:1964
10305:1956
10298:1955
10232:1948
10185:1943
10178:1942
10171:1941
10164:1940
10157:1939
10102:1932
10067:1928
10013:1924
10006:1923
9963:1918
9948:1916
9941:1915
9934:1914
9803:1901
9656:SADR
9626:Oman
9612:RCSC
9572:RCSC
9253:Togo
8771:Peru
8423:Mali
8261:Laos
8093:Iraq
8081:Iran
7841:Fiji
7641:Cuba
7488:Chad
6904:GSCP
6874:DEMA
6763:UNDP
6758:PAHO
6748:OCHA
6728:IFRC
6723:ICRC
6674:MPDL
6646:ACPP
6594:INSO
6565:LVIA
6553:FADV
6537:CISP
6529:AVSI
6508:GOAL
6475:HELP
6414:GRET
6398:AVSF
6220:ICRC
6162:ADRA
6142:NGOs
6024:FIDH
6011:NGOs
5767:and
5447:OECD
5402:CERF
5233:BRAC
5212:CALP
5126:CARE
5085:ICRC
5042:OCHA
4952:WWII
4781:Dr.
4713:In:
4702:In:
4673:ISBN
4658:ISBN
4640:ISBN
4625:ISBN
4611:ISBN
4596:ISBN
4588:ISBN
4574:ISBN
4560:ISBN
4546:ISBN
4532:ISBN
4518:ISBN
4504:ISBN
4490:ISBN
4476:ISBN
4435:ISBN
4414:2006
4379:ISBN
4360:2006
4290:ISBN
4265:2011
4135:2022
4109:2023
4083:2023
3917:2020
3867:2023
3835:2012
3758:2006
3710:2016
3680:2022
3664:PMID
3646:ISSN
3630:CMAJ
3611:2024
3561:2016
3531:2018
3500:2023
3472:2023
3441:2007
3410:2007
3382:2012
3295:ISBN
3277:help
3230:ISBN
3204:ISBN
3178:ISBN
3159:2023
3128:help
3107:2023
3081:2022
3008:2016
2950:ISBN
2904:2020
2886:ISBN
2865:2017
2837:ISBN
2823:2023
2768:2009
2738:2016
2715:p.6.
2711:2009
2686:2024
2668:ISBN
2637:2018
2605:2018
2355:and
2327:The
1959:and
1906:and
1895:and
1555:old.
1288:and
1194:and
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1178:and
1176:IFRC
1051:and
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1009:ĆĂłdĆș
831:Siam
475:, a
322:2005
283:ICRC
277:The
269:.org
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6924:THW
6919:MSB
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6899:GIZ
6843:WHO
6838:WFP
6743:IOM
6738:ILO
6733:FAO
6687:COS
6682:SIA
6666:MDM
6636:PAH
6631:NRC
6627:NPA
6623:NCA
6618:ZOA
6602:REK
6586:DAI
6573:VIS
6561:JRS
6512:SHA
6499:VSF
6471:GAC
6459:ASB
6450:TSF
6442:SPF
6430:PUI
6422:MDM
6406:CDE
6381:FRC
6359:DRC
6355:DPA
6342:PIN
6337:VSF
6333:MDM
6052:on
5268:ODI
5062:WHO
5052:WFP
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4319:doi
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