International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

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categorically states that the Red Cross personnel accused of involvement were proven not to have been present; that a white helicopter was probably used in a military operation, but the helicopter was not a Red Cross helicopter, and must have been painted by one of several military organizations operating in the region at the time. Perhaps the Red Cross logo itself was also used, although no hard evidence was found for this; that this was part of the military operation to free the hostages, but was clearly intended to achieve surprise by deceiving the local people into thinking that a Red Cross helicopter was landing; and that the Red Cross should have responded more quickly and thoroughly to investigate the allegations than it did.

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Law and Cooperation within the Movement". The members of the Directorate are appointed by the Assembly to serve for four years. The Assembly, consisting of all of the members of the committee, convenes on a regular basis and is responsible for defining aims, guidelines, and strategies and for supervising the financial matters of the committee. The president of the Assembly is also the president of the committee as a whole. Furthermore, the Assembly elects a five-member Assembly Council which has the authority to decide on behalf of the full Assembly in some matters. The council is also responsible for organizing the Assembly meetings and for facilitating communication between the Assembly and the Directorate.

1414: 738: 526:, which he published using his own money in 1862. He sent copies of the book to leading political and military figures throughout Europe, and people he thought could help him make a change. His book included vivid descriptions of his experiences in Solferino in 1859, and he explicitly advocated the formation of national voluntary relief organizations to help nurse wounded soldiers in the case of war, inspired by Christian teaching regarding social responsibility and his experience after the battlefield of Solferino. He called for the development of an international treaty to guarantee the protection of medics and field hospitals for soldiers wounded on the battlefield. 112: 1018: 7802: 7972: 7906: 5824: 2276: 1122: 7203: 6745: 816: 2426: 7167: 764: 441: 5769: 1946:, from 2 to 9 October 1965, delegates "proclaimed" seven fundamental principles which are shared by all components of the Movement, and they were added to the official statutes of the Movement in 1986. The durability and universal acceptance is a result of the process through which they came into being in the form they have. Rather than an effort to arrive at agreement, it was an attempt to discover what successful operations and organisational units, over the past 100 years, had in common. As a result, the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent were not revealed, but 803: 1511:

Swiss government signed on 19 March 1993 affirmed the already long-standing policy of full independence of the committee from any interference by Switzerland. The agreement protects the full sanctity of all ICRC property in Switzerland including its headquarters and archive, grants members and staff legal immunity, exempts the ICRC from all taxes and fees, guarantees the protected and duty-free transfer of goods, services, and money, provides the ICRC with secure communication privileges at the same level as foreign embassies, and simplifies Committee travel in and out of Switzerland.

5726: 128: 829: 777: 5805: 32: 7611: 7419: 5437: 1754:, Japan, Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Turkey; and refugee flows in Greece and Turkey. The first large-scale disaster mission of the League came after the 1923 earthquake in Japan which killed about 200,000 people and left countless more wounded and without shelter. Due to the League's coordination, the Red Cross society of Japan received goods from its sister societies reaching a total worth of about $ 100 million. Another important new field initiated by the League was the creation of youth Red Cross organizations within the national societies. 7957: 5594: 533:, a Geneva lawyer and president of the Geneva Society for Public Welfare, received a copy of Dunant's book and introduced it for discussion at a meeting of that society. As a result of this initial discussion, the society established an investigatory commission to examine the feasibility of Dunant's suggestions and eventually to organize an international conference about their possible implementation. The members of this committee, which has subsequently been referred to as the "Committee of the Five", aside from Dunant and Moynier were physician 399: 7787: 5976: 686: 1766: 7137: 7089: 6697: 2322: 501:. In a single day, about 40,000 soldiers on both sides died or were left wounded on the field. Dunant was shocked by the terrible aftermath of the battle, the suffering of the wounded soldiers, and the near-total lack of medical attendance and basic care. He completely abandoned the original intent of his trip and for several days he devoted himself to helping with the treatment and care for the wounded. He took point in organizing an overwhelming level of relief assistance with the local villagers to aid without discrimination. 7527: 5401: 7942: 7443: 5867: 7311: 5702: 5922: 5534: 6031: 8901: 712: 6997: 5836: 7623: 1923: 6925: 1201:

use of suffocating or poisonous gases and biological agents as weapons. Four years later, the original Convention was revised and the second Geneva Convention "relative to the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea" was established. The events of World War I and the respective activities of the ICRC significantly increased the reputation and authority of the Committee among the international community and led to an extension of its competencies.

646: 895:, partly because he had neglected his business interests during his tireless activities for the International Committee. The controversy surrounding Dunant's business dealings and the resulting negative public opinion, combined with an ongoing conflict with Gustave Moynier, led to Dunant's expulsion from his position as a member and secretary. He was charged with fraudulent bankruptcy and a warrant for his arrest was issued. Thus, he was forced to leave Geneva and never returned to his home city. 7034: 505: 7635: 6865: 5260: 2556: 7891: 6589: 6235: 5267: 790: 7503: 2584: 7563: 7335: 7263: 7215: 5654: 7347: 7155: 6877: 6463: 6019: 5473: 5341: 5253: 6475: 1915: 1807: 2677: 2495: 1827:

renamed to the "League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies" to reflect the growing number of national societies operating under the Red Crescent symbol. Three years later, the seven basic principles of the movement as adopted in 1965 were incorporated into its statutes. The name of the League was changed again in 1991 to its current official designation the "International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies". In 1997, the ICRC and the IFRC signed the

5793: 6973: 1059: 7927: 7659: 7491: 7455: 7251: 6793: 6709: 6499: 6427: 5848: 5714: 5497: 5461: 7191: 6817: 6625: 6613: 6139: 9364: 7371: 6889: 6601: 7817: 7683: 7275: 6721: 6319: 6211: 5413: 6355: 1033:, the ICRC found itself confronted with enormous challenges that it could handle only by working closely with the national Red Cross societies. Red Cross nurses from around the world, including the United States and Japan, came to support the medical services of the armed forces of the European countries involved in the war. On 15 August 1914, immediately after the start of the war, the ICRC set up its International Prisoners-of-War Agency (IPWA) to trace 699: 6151: 96: 5509: 2084: 7731: 7299: 7009: 6781: 6649: 6271: 6079: 5964: 5678: 5642: 5606: 7479: 7467: 7395: 7287: 7058: 6949: 6661: 6451: 6067: 5946: 5781: 5690: 6103: 2636: 7599: 7539: 6913: 6829: 6757: 6565: 6391: 6295: 6283: 6199: 6043: 5988: 5879: 5666: 5582: 5521: 5485: 5425: 5377: 7695: 7671: 7647: 7323: 7227: 7101: 6841: 6805: 6553: 6535: 6055: 5934: 5449: 5365: 5353: 7575: 7551: 7239: 6769: 6523: 6487: 6415: 6367: 6247: 5910: 5630: 5546: 7836: 7719: 7587: 7125: 6985: 6937: 6733: 6637: 6223: 6187: 5570: 5389: 725: 1854: 453: 9409: 7383: 7179: 6259: 6127: 618: 7857: 7707: 7515: 7431: 7077: 6961: 6901: 6853: 6685: 6577: 6439: 6175: 6163: 6007: 5750: 5558: 2215:

IFRC organizes and leads relief assistance missions after emergencies such as natural disasters, manmade disasters, epidemics, mass refugee flights, and other emergencies. As per the 1997 Seville Agreement, the IFRC is the Lead Agency of the Movement in any emergency situation which does not take place as part of an armed conflict. The IFRC cooperates with the national societies of those countries affected – each called the

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IFRC (including its president), and five individuals who are elected by the International Conference. The Standing Commission convenes every six months on average. Moreover, a convention of the Council of Delegates of the Movement takes place every two years in the course of the conferences of the General Assembly of the International Federation. The Council of Delegates plans and coordinates joint activities for the Movement.

9426: 7876: 7407: 6091: 5891: 7046: 7021: 6673: 6511: 6343: 6331: 5738: 5618: 7113: 6115: 6379: 1354: 1224: 7359: 6403: 6307: 2536:, in recognition of "the pioneering work of Swiss citizens in establishing internationally recognized standards for the protection of wounded combatants and military medical facilities". In 1906, to put an end to the argument of the Ottoman Empire that the flag took its roots from Christianity, it was decided officially to promote the idea that the Red Cross flag had been formed by reversing the federal colours of 2314: 1710: 9392: 2698:(MDA), or Red Star of David, but it is not recognized by the Geneva Conventions as a protected symbol. The Red Star of David is not recognized as a protected symbol outside Israel; instead the MDA uses the Red Crystal emblem during international operations in order to ensure protection. Depending on the circumstances, it may place the Red Star of David inside the Red Crystal, or use the Red Crystal alone. 1680:, and was seriously affected by numerous aerial attacks on medical facilities and ambulances. The ICRC said in November that civilians have "overwhelmingly borne the brunt" civilians the fighting in the Palestinian enclave and Israel so far. Israeli forces have killed over 25,000 people, including civilians, Israeli nationals, and Hamas members in a devastating bombing campaign and ground offensive. 1299: 1464: 1484:, a new Convention "relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War", was established. Also, the additional protocols of 8 June 1977 were intended to make the conventions apply to internal conflicts such as civil wars. Today, the four conventions and their added protocols contain more than 600 articles, while there were only 10 articles in the first 1864 convention. 1786:, constantly emphasizing the ICRC's neutrality. In 1928, the "International Council" was founded to coordinate cooperation between the ICRC and the League, a task which was later taken over by the "Standing Commission". In the same year, a common statute for the movement was adopted for the first time, defining the respective roles of the ICRC and the League within the movement. 1729:. This move, led by the American Red Cross, expanded the international activities of the Red Cross movement beyond the strict mission of the ICRC to include relief assistance in response to emergency situations which were not caused by war (such as man-made or natural disasters). The ARC already had great disaster relief mission experience extending back to its foundation. 1142:'s "Laws and Customs of War on Land" of 1907. This convention was also the legal basis for the ICRC's work for prisoners of war. In addition to the work of the International Prisoner-of-War Agency as described above, this included inspection visits to POW camps. A total of 524 camps throughout Europe were visited by 41 delegates from the ICRC through the end of the war. 1480:. The 1929 Geneva convention "relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War" may have been the second Geneva Convention from a historical point of view (because it was actually formulated in Geneva), but after 1949 it came to be called the third Convention because it came later chronologically than the Hague Convention. Reacting to the experience of World War II, the 2575:. The symbol was officially adopted in 1929, and so far 33 states in the Muslim world have recognized it. In common with the official promotion of the red cross symbol as a colour-reversal of the Swiss flag (rather than a religious symbol), the red crescent is similarly presented as being derived from a colour-reversal of the flag of the Ottoman Empire. 3250:

the 39-year-old water and habitat engineer in the head and burned one car, warning two Afghans accompanying him not to work for foreigners ... Asked what action ICRC was taking, Bouvier explained that for the time being, the ICRC has decided to temporarily freeze all field trips in Afghanistan, calling all staff to the main delegation's offices.

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Cross Laws" granting full independence as required by the International Movement. The duties and responsibilities of a national society as defined by International Humanitarian Law and the statutes of the Movement include humanitarian aid in armed conflicts and emergency crises such as natural disasters through activities such as

1518:, the ICRC's work became more dangerous. In the 1990s, more delegates died than at any point in its history, especially when working in local and internal armed conflicts. These incidents often demonstrated a lack of respect for the rules of the Geneva Conventions and their protection symbols. Among the slain delegates were: 2471:, the IFRC in particular called for humanitarian access across Gaza and West Bank, the release of hostages, the protection of civilians, hospitals and humanitarian workers from indiscriminate attack and compliance with international humanitarian law to ensure its continued activities in the occupied Palestinian territories. 1758: 2338:. Within the Movement, the ICRC is responsible for legally recognizing a relief society as an official national Red Cross or Red Crescent society. The exact rules for recognition are defined in the statutes of the Movement. Article 4 of these statutes contains the "Conditions for recognition of National Societies": 2150:

name does not refer to its membership but to the worldwide scope of its activities as defined by the Geneva Conventions. The ICRC has special privileges and legal immunities in many countries, based on national law in these countries or through agreements between the committee and respective national governments.

907:. More and more countries signed the Geneva Convention and began to respect it in practice during armed conflicts. In a rather short period of time, the Red Cross gained huge momentum as an internationally respected movement, and the national societies became increasingly popular as a venue for volunteer work. 2284:

constitution. The executive body of the IFRC is a secretariat, led by a secretary general. The secretariat is supported by five divisions including "Programme Services", "Humanitarian values and humanitarian diplomacy", "National Society and Knowledge Development" and "Governance and Management Services".

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Ricardo Munguia, a Swiss citizen of Salvadorian origin was travelling with Afghan colleagues on an assignment to improve the water supply to the district. He was shot in cold blood on Thursday by a group of unidentified assailants who stopped the vehicles transporting them ... the assailants had shot

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The highest decision-making body of the IFRC is its General Assembly, which convenes every two years with delegates from all of the national societies. Among other tasks, the General Assembly elects the secretary general. Between the convening of General Assemblies, the Governing Board is the leading

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in the most common sense of the term, nor is it an international organization. As it limits its members (a process called cooptation) to Swiss nationals only, it does not have a policy of open and unrestricted membership for individuals like other legally defined NGOs. The word "international" in its

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from 1960 to 1970 was marked by a huge jump in the number of recognized national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies. By the end of the 1960s, there were more than 100 societies around the world. On 10 December 1963, the Federation and the ICRC received the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1983, the League was

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for its assembly sessions and sub-committee meetings, the first observer status given to a private organization. The resolution was jointly proposed by 138 member states and introduced by the Italian ambassador, in memory of the organization's origins in the Battle of Solferino. An agreement with the

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in 1944. The choice of the inexperienced Rossel for this mission has been interpreted as indicative of his organization's indifference to the "Jewish problem", while his report has been described as "emblematic of the failure of the ICRC" to advocate for Jews during the Holocaust. Rossel's report was

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with scenes from the POW camps. The pictures showed the prisoners in day-to-day activities such as the distribution of letters from home. The intention of the ICRC was to provide the families of the prisoners with some hope and solace and to alleviate their uncertainties about the fate of their loved

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of Iran was established in 1922 and admitted to the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement in 1923. The symbol was introduced at Geneva in 1864, as a counter example to the crescent and cross used by two of Iran's rivals, the Ottoman and the Russian empires. Although that claim is inconsistent with the

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Once a National Society has been recognized by the ICRC as a component of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (the Movement), it is in principle admitted to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in accordance with the terms defined in the Constitution

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The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies coordinates cooperation between national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies throughout the world and supports the foundation of new national societies in countries where no official society exists. On the international stage, the

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The formation of the League, as an additional international Red Cross organization alongside the ICRC, was not without controversy for a number of reasons. The ICRC had, to some extent, valid concerns about a possible rivalry between the two organizations. The foundation of the League was seen as an

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On 12 August 1949, further revisions to the existing two Geneva Conventions were adopted. An additional convention "for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea", now called the second Geneva Convention, was brought under the Geneva Convention

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to concentration camp detainees with known names and locations. Because the notices of receipt for these parcels were often signed by other inmates, the ICRC managed to register the identities of about 105,000 detainees in the concentration camps and delivered about 1.1 million parcels, primarily to

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in monetary donations to POWs of all affected countries. Furthermore, due to the intervention of the Agency, about 200,000 prisoners were exchanged between the warring parties, released from captivity and returned to their home country. The organizational card index of the Agency accumulated about 7

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In the following years, national societies were founded in nearly every country in Europe. The project resonated well with patriotic sentiments that were on the rise in the late-nineteenth-century, and national societies were often encouraged as signifiers of national moral superiority. In 1876, the

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From 26 to 29 October 1863, the international conference organized by the committee was held in Geneva to develop possible measures to improve medical services on the battlefield. The conference was attended by 36 individuals: eighteen official delegates from national governments, six delegates from

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The leading organs of the ICRC are the Directorate and the Assembly. The Directorate is the executive body of the committee. It consists of a general director and five directors in the areas of "Operations", "Human Resources", "Resources and Operational Support", "Communication", and "International

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or from associated partners of the Entente. The original statutes of the League from May 1919 contained further regulations which gave the five founding societies a privileged status and, due to the efforts of Henry Davison, the right to permanently exclude the national Red Cross societies from the

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The ICRC, working closely with their Red Crescent partners, has a neutral, independent and exclusively humanitarian mandate during such escalations of violence in the Middle East and urged all parties to protect the lives of civilians, to reduce their suffering and protect their dignity. During the

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victims. Their support extends to the national and international armed forces, civilians and the armed opposition. They regularly visit detainees under the custody of the Afghan government and the international armed forces, but have also occasionally had access since 2009 to people detained by the

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Despite formal independence regarding its organizational structure and work, each national society is still bound by the laws of its home country. In many countries, national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies enjoy exceptional privileges due to agreements with their governments or specific "Red

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The International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, which occurs once every four years, is the highest institutional body of the Movement. It gathers delegations from all of the national societies as well as from the ICRC, the IFRC and the signatory states to the Geneva Conventions. In

1976:

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, born of a desire to bring assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield, endeavours, in its international and national capacity, to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found. Its purpose is to protect

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from 1917 to 1922 marked the first time the movement was involved in an internal conflict, although still without an explicit mandate from the Geneva Conventions. The League, with support from more than 25 national societies, organized assistance missions and the distribution of food and other aid

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epidemic in Poland. Only five years after its foundation, the League had already issued 47 donation appeals for missions in 34 countries, an impressive indication of the need for this type of Red Cross work. The total sum raised by these appeals reached 685 million Swiss francs, which were used to

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As early as in 1934, a draft proposal for an additional convention for the protection of the civil population in occupied territories during an armed conflict was adopted by the International Red Cross Conference. Unfortunately, most governments had little interest in implementing this convention,

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adopted a change in its policy regarding the selection of new members. Until then, only citizens from the city of Geneva could serve in the committee. This limitation was expanded to include all Swiss citizens. As a direct consequence of World War I, a treaty was adopted in 1925 which outlawed the

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for stateless refugees and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922, appointed two delegates from the ICRC as his deputies. A year before the end of the war, the ICRC received the 1917 Nobel Peace Prize for its outstanding wartime work. It was the only Nobel Peace Prize awarded in the period from

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The main parts of the budget of the IFRC are funded by contributions from the national societies which are members of the IFRC and through revenues from its investments. The exact amount of contributions from each member society is established by the Finance Commission and approved by the General

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The 2023 budget of the ICRC amounts to 2.5 billion Swiss francs. Most of that money comes from states, including Switzerland in its capacity as the depositary state of the Geneva Conventions, from national Red Cross societies, the signatory states of the Geneva Conventions, and from international

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acts as the supreme body and supervises implementation of and compliance with the resolutions of the conference. In addition, the Standing Commission coordinates the cooperation between the ICRC and the IFRC. It consists of two representatives from the ICRC (including its president), two from the

2008:

The Movement is independent. The National Societies, while auxiliaries in the humanitarian services of their governments and subject to the laws of their respective countries, must always maintain their autonomy so that they may be able at all times to act in accordance with the principles of the

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In 1944, the ICRC received its second Nobel Peace Prize. As in World War I, it received the only Peace Prize awarded during the main period of war, 1939 to 1945. At the end of the war, the ICRC worked with national Red Cross societies to organize relief assistance to those countries most severely

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Israeli authorities required Palestinian ambulances to undergo thorough searches when passing through checkpoints, saying the policy was driven by Palestinian organizations using ambulances to transport terrorists and armaments. The Israeli Ministry of Health said that: "The Red Crescent closely

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Hardly had the first blows been struck when cries of anguish from all lands began to be heard in Switzerland. Thousands who were without news of fathers, husbands, and sons in the battlefields, stretched despairing arms into the void. By hundreds, by thousands, by tens of thousands, letters and

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The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is the largest humanitarian network in the world. It comprises the ICRC, 192 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and their International Federation, each operating as neutral and independent organizations and all bound by the same

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The Red Cross, Red Crescent and Red Crystal emblems are officially recognized by the movement. De jure, the Red Lion and Sun emblem is also an official emblem, though it has fallen to disuse. Various other countries have also lobbied for alternative symbols, which have been rejected because of

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Ricardo Munguia (El Salvador). He was working as a water engineer in Afghanistan and travelling with local colleagues on 27 March 2003 when their car was stopped by unknown armed men. He was shot, while his colleagues were allowed to escape. His killing prompted the ICRC to temporarily suspend

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The IFRC has its headquarters in Geneva. It also runs five zone offices (Africa, Americas, Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East-North Africa), 14 permanent regional offices and has about 350 delegates in more than 60 delegations around the world. The legal basis for the work of the IFRC is its

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were used in this war for the first time in history, the ICRC mounted a vigorous protest against their use. Even without having a mandate from the Geneva Conventions, the ICRC tried to ameliorate the suffering of civil populations. In territories that were officially designated as "occupied

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Following the broadcast of the documentary, the Red Cross announced publicly that it would appoint an individual outside the organization to investigate the allegations made in the film and any responsibility on its part. Piotr Obuchowicz was appointed to investigate the matter. The report

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body of the IFRC. It has the authority to make decisions for the IFRC in a number of areas. The Governing Board consists of the president and the vice presidents of the IFRC, the chairpersons of the Finance and Youth Commissions, and twenty elected representatives from national societies.

1742:, namely Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey, and in addition to that the national Red Cross society of Russia. These rules were contrary to the Red Cross principles of universality and equality among all national societies, a situation which furthered the concerns of the ICRC. 2153:

According to its statutes, it consists of 15 to 25 Swiss-citizen members, which it coopts for a period of four years. There is no limit to the number of terms an individual member can have although a three-quarters majority of all members is required for re-election after the third term.

1592:. They have provided basic first aid training and aid kits to both the Afghan security forces and Taliban members because, according to an ICRC spokesperson, "ICRC's constitution stipulates that all parties harmed by warfare will be treated as fairly as possible". In August 2021, when 2857:: " acceptance of everything he had seen... and everything he had been told... was total and complacent. The report which he prepared for his superiors in the Red Cross was exactly what the Germans had hoped for... a totally uncritical, even approving affirmation of their propaganda." 1054:, came the first inquiries for missing relatives; then these inquiries themselves became a storm. The letters arrived in sackfuls. Nothing had been prepared for dealing with such an inundation of misery. The Red Cross had no space, no organization, no system, and above all no helpers. 2615:(MDA), Israel's national emergency medical, disaster, ambulance, and blood bank service, as a full member of the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement, a new emblem (officially the Third Protocol Emblem, but more commonly known as the Red Crystal) was adopted by an amendment of the 1628:

warned on 26 February 2022 that neighborhoods of major cities were becoming the frontline with significant consequences for their populations, including children, the sick, and elderly. The ICRC urgently called on all parties to the conflict not to forget their obligations under

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The Crystal can be found on official buildings and occasionally in the field. This symbolises equality and has no political, religious, or geographical connotations, thus allowing any country not comfortable with the symbolism of the original two flags to join the movement.

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as its "High Commissioner for Repatriation of the War Prisoners". His legal mandate was later extended to support and care for war refugees and displaced persons when his office became that of the League of Nations "High Commissioner for Refugees". Nansen, who invented the

1596:-led forces retreated from Afghanistan, the ICRC decided to remain in the country to continue its mission to assist and protect victims of conflict. Since June 2021, ICRC-supported facilities have treated more than 40,000 people wounded during armed confrontations there. 1733:

attempt to undermine the leadership position of the ICRC within the movement and to gradually transfer most of its tasks and competencies to a multilateral institution. In addition to that, all founding members of the League were national societies from countries of the

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Assembly. Any additional funding, especially for unforeseen expenses for relief assistance missions, is raised by "appeals" published by the IFRC and comes for voluntary donations by national societies, governments, other organizations, corporations, and individuals.

2725:, used for decades as the reason for excluding the Magen David Adom—the Shield (or Star) of David." In protest, the American Red Cross withheld millions in administrative funding to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies since May 2000. 2141:

and has offices in over 100 countries. It has more than 22,000 staff members worldwide, about 1,400 of them working in its Geneva headquarters, 3,250 expatriate staff serving as general delegates and technical specialists, and about 17,000 locally recruited staff.

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in 1914, 50 years after the foundation of the ICRC and the adoption of the first Geneva Convention, there were already 45 national relief societies throughout the world. The movement had extended itself beyond Europe and North America to Central and South America

926:. More significant than the honor of the prize itself, this prize marked the overdue rehabilitation of Jean-Henri Dunant and represented a tribute to his key role in the formation of the Red Cross. Dunant died nine years later in the small Swiss health resort of 2659:

replaced the Red Lion and Sun with the Red Crescent in 1980, consistent with two existing Red Cross and Red Crescent symbols. Although the Red Lion and Sun has now fallen into disuse, Iran has in the past reserved the right to take it up again at any time; the

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refused any cooperation with the Red Cross, these goods were delivered solely to Ethiopia. During the war, an estimated 29 people died while being under explicit protection of the Red Cross symbol, most of them due to attacks by the Italian Army. During the

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One defense to these allegations is that the Red Cross was trying to preserve its reputation as a neutral and impartial organization by not interfering with what was viewed as a German internal matter. The Red Cross also considered its primary focus to be

1802:

from 1936 to 1939 the League once again joined forces with the ICRC with the support of 41 national societies. In 1939 on the brink of the Second World War, the League relocated its headquarters from Paris to Geneva to take advantage of Swiss neutrality.

1987:

It makes no discrimination as to nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions. It endeavours to relieve the suffering of individuals, being guided solely by their needs, and to give priority to the most urgent cases of distress.

1547:(Canada). He worked as a logistics coordinator for the ICRC mission in Iraq. He was killed while travelling through Baghdad together with members of the Iraqi Red Crescent. On 8 April 2003 their car accidentally came into a cross-fire of fighting. 2591:

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was concerned with the possibility that the two previous symbols (Red Cross and Red Crescent) were conveying religious meanings which would not be compatible with, for example, a majority

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The convention contained ten articles, establishing for the first time legally binding rules guaranteeing neutrality and protection for wounded soldiers, field medical personnel, and specific humanitarian institutions in an armed conflict.

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Until the middle of the nineteenth century, there were no organized or well-established army nursing systems for casualties, nor safe or protected institutions, to accommodate and treat those who were wounded on the battlefield. A devout

2694:, arguing that since Christian and Muslim emblems were recognized, the corresponding Jewish emblem should be as well, despite the Red Cross and Red Crescent symbols being used outside of a religious context. This emblem has been used by 7962: 1275:, and administering the exchange of messages regarding prisoners and missing persons. By the end of the war, 179 delegates had conducted 12,750 visits to POW camps in 41 countries. The Central Information Agency on Prisoners-of-War ( 4004:"Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem (Protocol III), 8 December 2005 Article 1 – Respect for and scope of application of this Protocol" 2091:

The official mission of the ICRC as an impartial, neutral, and independent organization is to stand for the protection of the life and dignity of victims of international and internal armed conflicts. According to the revised

4928: 2223:(PNS). Among the 187 national societies admitted to the General Assembly of the International Federation as full members or observers, about 25–30 regularly work as PNS in other countries. The most active of those are the 2457:(EMS) providers. The ICRC and the International Federation cooperate with the national societies in their international missions, especially with human, material, and financial resources and organizing on-site logistics. 1683:

In late November, the team of the ICRC started a multi-day operation to facilitate the release and transfer of hostages held in Gaza and of Palestinian prisoners to the West Bank. In early December, US Secretary of State

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allowing ICRC delegates to visit the concentration camps. This agreement was bound by the condition that these delegates would have to stay in the camps until the end of the war. Ten delegates, among them Louis Haefliger

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of 2022, the ICRC is entrusted the role of "co-convener" with the national Red Cross or Crescent society in situations of international and non-international armed conflicts, internal strife and their direct results.

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Be duly recognized by the legal government of its country on the basis of the Geneva Conventions and of the national legislation as a voluntary aid society, auxiliary to the public authorities in the humanitarian

1641: 1720:

In 1919, representatives from the national Red Cross societies of Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and the US came together in Paris to found the "League of Red Cross Societies" (IFRC). The original idea came from

1266:

The Geneva Conventions in their 1929 revision formed the legal basis of the work of the ICRC during World War II. The activities of the committee were similar to those during World War I: visiting and monitoring

2760:

in general. While the organization has organized philanthropic relief projects (both domestic and international), as a sectarian religious body it is ineligible for recognition from the International Committee.

7792: 1182:

ones. After the end of the war, between 1920 and 1922, the ICRC organized the return of about 500,000 prisoners to their home countries. In 1920, the task of repatriation was handed over to the newly founded

6930: 6762: 1321:, and the ICRC eventually abandoned applying pressure, saying later it did so in order to avoid disrupting its work with POWs. The ICRC was also unable to obtain a response to reliable information about the 7977: 5810: 2333:

National Red Cross and Red Crescent societies exist in nearly every country in the world. Within their home country, they take on the duties and responsibilities of a national relief society as defined by

1953:

That makes it even more important to note that the definition that appears for each principle is an integral part of the Principle in question and not an interpretation that can vary with time and place.

7172: 2355:

Be the only National Red Cross and-or Red Crescent Society of the said State and be directed by a central body which shall alone be competent to represent it in its dealings with other components of the

2186:

for its individual missions. In 2023, Ukraine is the ICRC's biggest humanitarian operation (at 316.5 million Swiss francs), followed by Afghanistan (218 million francs) and Syria (171.7 million francs).

1114:

million records from 1914 to 1923. The card index led to the identification of about 2 million POWs and the ability to contact their families. The complete index is on loan today from the ICRC to the

5872: 7196: 1562:. Idris, wearing a Red Crescent uniform, detonated a 22-pound (10 kilogram) bomb made up of TNT packed into pipes, in the center of Jerusalem outside a shoe store on the busy main shopping street 4671:

Compte rendu de la Conférence internationale réunie à Genève les 26, 27, 28 et 29 octobre 1863 pour étudier les moyens de pourvoir à l'insuffisance du service sanitaire dans les armées en campagne

1998:

In order to continue to enjoy the confidence of all, the Movement may not take sides in hostilities or engage at any time in controversies of a political, racial, religious or ideological nature.

3590: 4676:

Report of the International Conference meeting in Geneva on 26, 27, 28 and 29 October 1863 to study the means of providing for the insufficiency of the medical service in the Armies in the field

9198: 8930: 6420: 6072: 3721: 1835:. More than 40 national societies have worked with more than 22,000 volunteers to bring relief to the countless victims left without food and shelter and endangered by the risk of epidemics. 9190: 5082:

An assessment of the capacity of the Red Cross National Societies to address the psychological and social needs of survivors of disasters and complex emergencies in Central and South America

1661:) until April 2002. At that time, the IDF claimed that Red Crescent ambulances were being used to carry terrorists. The Red Crescent personnel involved in this violation were interrogated." 7472: 7340: 7664: 6702: 6504: 6240: 2449:

Depending on their respective human, technical, financial, and organizational resources, many national societies take on additional humanitarian tasks within their home countries such as

2350:

Be constituted on the territory of an independent State where the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field is in force.

558:

non-governmental organizations, seven non-official foreign delegates, and the five members of the International Committee. The states and kingdoms represented by official delegates were:

8227: 5951: 1875: 3837:

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a global humanitarian network of 80 million people that helps those facing disaster, conflict and health and social problems.

9202: 8923: 7932: 7376: 6468: 2547:, requiring that "all hospital ships shall make themselves known by hoisting, together with their national flag, the white flag with a red cross provided by the Geneva Convention". 1688:

insisted that the Red Cross delegation must have access to the remaining hostages. The ICRC is not a negotiating power but the ICRC chief had direct talks with senior Hamas leader

1455:

affected. In 1948, the Committee published a report reviewing its war-era activities from 1 September 1939 to 30 June 1947. The ICRC opened its archives from World War II in 1996.

8285: 8275: 6036: 5841: 5296: 2885: 2806: 2480: 2196: 1488: 192: 117: 101: 3706: 7496: 7316: 7094: 6024: 5478: 5406: 2039:

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, in which all Societies have equal status and share equal responsibilities and duties in helping each other, is worldwide.

3681: 9444: 7256: 6822: 6156: 6048: 9215: 6990: 6726: 6228: 1279:) had a staff of 3,000, the card index tracking prisoners contained 45 million cards, and 120 million messages were exchanged by the Agency. One major obstacle was that the 887:

In 1867, the first International Conference of National Aid Societies for the Nursing of the War Wounded was convened. Also in 1867, Jean-Henri Dunant was forced to declare

4991: 6630: 6570: 6132: 930:. Only two months earlier his long-standing adversary Gustave Moynier had also died, leaving a mark in the history of the committee as its longest-serving president ever. 3954: 2377:

Be so organized as to be able to fulfill the tasks defined in its own statutes, including the preparation in peace time for its statutory tasks in case of armed conflict.

7881: 6558: 6204: 2029:

There can be only one Red Cross or one Red Crescent Society in any one country. It must be open to all. It must carry on its humanitarian work throughout its territory.

1934:

Altogether, there are about 80 million people worldwide who serve with the ICRC, the International Federation, and the National Societies, the majority with the latter.

9483: 7580: 6714: 6642: 6252: 5575: 1668:

that has resulted in the deaths of thousands of civilians. The ICRC has called the violence "abhorrent" and implored both sides to reduce the suffering of civilians.

9493: 6798: 6690: 6264: 5232: 3777: 8751: 3792: 1157: 3441: 7352: 6810: 5853: 4451: 1793:

between Ethiopia and Italy from 1935 to 1936, the League contributed aid supplies worth about 1.7 million Swiss francs. Because the Italian fascist regime under

2977: 9398: 9114: 8746: 7688: 7063: 7014: 6750: 5993: 2525:, and several other places. In order to avoid this confusion the protected symbol is sometimes referred to as the "Greek Red Cross"; that term is also used in 2529:

law to describe the Red Cross. The red cross of the Saint George cross extends to the edge of the flag, whereas the red cross on the Red Cross flag does not.

1410:) accepted the assignment and visited the camps. Louis Haefliger prevented the forceful eviction or blasting of Mauthausen-Gusen by alerting American troops. 9279: 7841: 6432: 6288: 2060: 2053: 3103: 1977:

life and health and to ensure respect for the human being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace amongst all peoples.

423:, members, and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human 7400: 7026: 674:

to attend an official diplomatic conference. Sixteen countries sent a total of 26 delegates to Geneva. On 22 August 1864, the conference adopted the first

9415: 2260:

to support the national societies with disaster preparedness through the education of voluntary members and the provision of equipment and relief supplies

5755: 3849: 2243:. Another major mission of the IFRC which has gained attention in recent years is its commitment to work towards a codified, worldwide ban on the use of 4296: 3423: 2291:

The symbol of the IFRC is the combination of the Red Cross (left) and Red Crescent (right) on a white background surrounded by a red rectangular frame.

8592: 8124: 7292: 5034: 4270: 9503: 5927: 5829: 1831:

which further defined the responsibilities of both organizations within the movement. In 2004, the IFRC began its largest mission to date after the

1050:

telegrams poured into the little House of the Red Cross in Geneva, the only international rallying point that still remained. Isolated, like stormy

549:

general of great renown. Eight days later, the five men decided to rename the committee to the "International Committee for Relief to the Wounded".

8881: 7616: 899:

committee adopted the name "International Committee of the Red Cross" (ICRC), which is still its official designation today. Five years later, the

1115: 678:"for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field". Representatives of 12 states and kingdoms signed the convention: 3879: 2165:(CICR). The official symbol of the ICRC is the Red Cross on white background with the words "COMITE INTERNATIONAL GENEVE" circling the cross. 1558:

was transported to Jerusalem, Israel, by a Red Crescent ambulance, whose driver was part of the plot, and killed herself while committing the

9039: 8150: 5225: 4388: 3987: 8876: 8607: 8602: 8280: 5316: 2816: 663: 9528: 8622: 8222: 5599: 2851:: "In contrast to those of the Danish delegates, Rossel's report was phrased in positive terms, falling in line with German propaganda." 2781:

in 1999. It alleged the involvement of the Red Cross with the British and Indonesian military in a massacre in the Southern Highlands of

641:

The introduction of a common distinctive protection symbol for medical personnel in the field, namely a white armlet bearing a red cross.

611: 4414: 3574: 3510: 3202: 2648:

Red Crescent's history, that history also suggests that the Red Lion and Sun, like the Red Crescent, may have been conceived during the

2178:. All payments to the ICRC are voluntary and are received as donations based on two types of appeals issued by the committee: an annual 9523: 9154: 8433: 8030: 7947: 7448: 2343:

In order to be recognized in terms of Article 5, paragraph 2 b) as a National Society, the Society shall meet the following conditions:

8915: 4359: 845:

Directly following the establishment of the Geneva Convention, the first national societies were founded in Belgium, Denmark, France,

8617: 4217: 3941:

Statutes and Fundamental Principles, with the goal of assisting and protecting victims of humanitarian crises in an impartial manner.

3682:"Israel and the Occupied Territories: Hospitals risk turning into morgues without electricity; hostages must be released immediately" 3360: 1422: 1247:

has been the subject of significant controversy and criticism. As early as May 1944, the ICRC was criticized for its indifference to

315: 8673: 8658: 8270: 8232: 5290: 5218: 2073: 1197: 1109:

By the end of the war, the Agency had transferred about 20 million letters and messages, 1.9 million parcels, and about 18 million

174: 4683: 4328: 1525:(Canada) and five others. They were shot at point-blank range while sleeping on 17 December 1996 in an ICRC field hospital in the 1287:

refused to cooperate with the Geneva statutes, including blatant violations such as the deportation of Jews from Germany, and the

1251:

suffering and death—criticism that intensified after the end of the war, when the full extent of the Holocaust became undeniable.

9488: 9329: 9088: 7142: 4484: 4245: 2397:

Respect the Fundamental Principles of the Movement and be guided in its work by the principles of international humanitarian law.

1218: 7208: 4647:

Dromi, Shai M. (2016). "For good and country: nationalism and the diffusion of humanitarianism in the late nineteenth century".

1025:. International Prisoners-of-War Agency. Researches department. German section. Express messages and communications to families. 9498: 8597: 5635: 2770: 1310:

and Japan, were not party to the 1929 Geneva Conventions and were not legally required to follow the rules of the conventions.

1166: 3394: 2406:

Today, there are 192 National Societies recognized within the Movement and which are members of the International Federation.

9518: 9336: 8768: 7532: 5140: 5070: 5051: 4999: 4980: 4961: 4873: 4637: 4543: 3850:

The Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: Ethics and Tools for Humanitarian Action

2881: 2392:

Adhere to the present Statutes, share in the fellowship which unites the components of the Movement and co-operate with them.

1580: 1170: 854: 2963: 8698: 8463: 8178: 7568: 4160: 2821: 607: 3563:

World Health Organization Fifty-sixth World Health Assembly A56/INF.DOC./6 Provisional agenda item 19 16 May 2003 14. The

1745:

The first relief assistance mission organized by the League was an aid mission for the victims of a famine and subsequent

142:

Light green: Red Crescent Society that is not part of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

9380: 8723: 8173: 5204: 3820: 3738: 3493: 2966:[Resolutions and votes of the Geneva International Conference, 26–29 October 1863] (in Spanish). 29 October 1863. 2105:

The core tasks of the committee, which are derived from the Geneva Conventions and its own statutes, are the following:

9178: 8693: 8392: 8055: 7460: 7002: 4740: 4522: 3656: 3445: 3409: 1477: 1139: 945: 880:

soldiers. It was the first Red Crescent society of its kind and one of the most important charity organizations in the

498: 5100:

International Organization and the Evolution of World Society. Volume 2: The International Committee of the Red Cross.

4992:"Romain Rolland et la Croix-Rouge: Romain Rolland, Collaborateur de l'Agence internationale des prisonniers de guerre" 4461: 3671:

World Health Organization Fifty-sixth World Health Assembly A56/INF.DOC./6 Provisional agenda item 19 16 May 2003 #35.

2417:, the South Sudan Red Cross Society (12 November 2013) and, the last, the Tuvalu Red Cross Society (on 1 March 2016). 2387:

Recruit its voluntary members and its staff without consideration of race, sex, class, religion or political opinions.

8637: 8376: 7807: 5731: 5107: 5089: 4921: 4913: 4858: 4844: 4831: 4803: 4789: 4733: 4716: 4702: 4582: 4561: 3623: 2649: 2564: 1901: 861:, became the first independent and neutral delegates to work under the symbol of the Red Cross in an armed conflict. 75: 53: 2145:

According to Swiss law, the ICRC is defined as a private association. Contrary to popular belief, the ICRC is not a

1883: 46: 9219: 7905: 7166: 5823: 4810:

Humanitäres Völkerrecht – Informationsschriften. The Journal of International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict.

2461: 2367:

Have an autonomous status which allows it to operate in conformity with the Fundamental Principles of the Movement.

1673: 1624:, the fighting moved to more populated areas in East, North, and South Ukraine. The head of the ICRC delegation in 1347: 1145: 140:

Maroon: Red Cross Society that is not part of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

1413: 9056: 8784: 8587: 8366: 8188: 5502: 5466: 2161:

Due to Geneva's location in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, the ICRC usually acts under its French name

1494: 2978:"Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864" 1633:

to ensure the protection of the civilian population and infrastructure, and respect the dignity of refugees and

1223: 8668: 8453: 8326: 8183: 8072: 8023: 7268: 6978: 6744: 6654: 4306: 2335: 1879: 1630: 1091: 4274: 8341: 8145: 6954: 6012: 2146: 621:"Committee of the Five": Gustave Moynier, Guillaume-Henri Dufour, Henry Dunant, Louis Appia, Théodore Maunoir 242: 7202: 2219:(ONS) – as well as the national societies of other countries willing to offer assistance – called 9011: 8861: 8789: 8480: 8361: 7232: 7220: 6606: 6336: 6324: 5490: 4953: 4363: 4301: 3567:

said: "There have been several proven cases of misuse of Palestinian ambulances to transport ammunition or

2703: 1832: 9160: 4808:

Forsythe, David P. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and International Humanitarian Law." In:

1750:

bring emergency supplies to the victims of famines in Russia, Germany, and Albania; earthquakes in Chile,

662:

Only a year later, the Swiss government invited the governments of all European countries, as well as the

625:

Among the proposals written in the final resolutions of the conference, adopted on 29 October 1863, were:

9513: 9289: 9148: 8947: 8703: 8663: 8321: 8193: 7604: 7328: 7280: 7068: 6786: 6492: 6084: 5659: 5346: 4812:

2/2003, German Red Cross and Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict, p. 64–77.

2811: 1790: 1621: 1609: 4246:"The Red Crystal: An additional emblem for use by the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement" 2604:

region, where the majority did not associate with these symbols. Therefore, in 1992, the then-president

9354: 8945: 8866: 8428: 8402: 8371: 7867: 7827: 7736: 7712: 7700: 7082: 6918: 6906: 6456: 6408: 6348: 5969: 5858: 5774: 5695: 5611: 5514: 5430: 4073: 3564: 3313:"Israeli government rejects charity's report that claims occupation has damaged health of Palestinians" 3264:"Israeli government rejects charity's report that claims occupation has damaged health of Palestinians" 3228: 1377: 1083: 1017: 795: 587: 20: 5114:

The Sound of Silence: The History of the International Committee of the Red Cross as Past and Present.

4627: 1302:

War 1939–45. Geneva, Central Prisoners of war Agency, Electoral building/Palace of the General Council

9508: 9209: 9142: 8835: 8804: 8627: 8351: 8247: 8168: 8016: 7676: 7118: 6846: 6834: 4392: 3537: 2518: 2460:

The Russian Red Cross supports the organisation Myvmeste, which supports the Russian Army with their

2454: 1822:

In 1952, the 1928 common statute of the movement was revised for the first time. Also, the period of

1779: 1665: 1653: 1407: 1386: 1335: 1121: 915: 653:(Denmark) in 1864; jointly erected in 1989 by the national Red Cross societies of Denmark and Germany 5210: 3927: 3883: 3011: 2774: 2275: 952:, extended the scope of the Geneva Convention to naval warfare. Shortly before the beginning of the 872:

organization was founded in the Ottoman Empire in 1868, partly in response to the experience of the

834: 9194: 8971: 8708: 8683: 8306: 7724: 7592: 7436: 6312: 6144: 5998: 5815: 5798: 5725: 5551: 4192: 2790: 2656: 2644: 2372:

Use the name and emblem of the Red Cross or Red Crescent in conformity with the Geneva Conventions.

1864: 1481: 1292: 962: 846: 40: 2964:"Resoluciones y votos de la Conferencia Internacional de Ginebra, 26-29 de octubre de 1863 – CICR" 2257:

to provide relief assistance in emergency situations of large magnitude, such as natural disasters

9084: 9001: 8814: 8067: 7520: 7184: 6966: 6858: 6594: 6444: 6360: 6180: 5719: 3988:“The IFRC calls for safe and unhindered access across the Gaza Strip and the release of hostages” 3395:""Complicating "female suicide bombers": violence, agency and gender in the rhetoric of shahida"" 2506: 1868: 1676:(PRCS) provided hospitals in the Gaza strip with support through large humanitarian convoys from 1566:. The explosion she caused killed her and Pinhas Tokatli (81), and injured more than 100 others. 1095: 876:(1853–1856), in which disease overshadowed battle as the main cause of death and suffering among 509: 328: 5125: 4895: 4817: 9033: 8794: 8316: 7484: 6666: 6096: 5593: 4709:

History of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Volume II: From Sarajevo to Hiroshima.

2443: 2425: 2410: 2119: 1133:

of the 1907 revision and forwarded complaints about violations to the respective country. When

858: 542: 440: 246: 224: 57: 4554:

History of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Volume I: From Solferino to Tsushima.

3648: 3613: 3511:"Armed conflict in Ukraine: A statement by Florence Gillette, head of ICRC delegation in Kyiv" 9005: 8799: 8756: 8678: 8541: 8301: 8108: 7544: 7388: 7160: 7136: 6882: 6870: 6516: 5804: 5370: 5028: 3572: 3206: 3053: 1722: 1713: 1372: 974: 671: 649:

Memorial commemorating the first use of the Red Cross symbol in an armed conflict during the

522: 461: 111: 9098: 8470: 8237: 7911: 7610: 7556: 7039: 6894: 6618: 6216: 5760: 5442: 4721: 3905: 3467: 3236: 2729: 2522: 1927: 1559: 869: 769: 756: 704: 579: 571: 563: 445: 8336: 2247:

and to bring medical, psychological, and social support for people injured by land mines.

2190: 537:, who had significant experience working as a field surgeon; Appia's friend and colleague 8: 9295: 8977: 8809: 8418: 8102: 7822: 7652: 7526: 7304: 7244: 6942: 6774: 6582: 6354: 6300: 5981: 5901: 5786: 5683: 5647: 5623: 5418: 5400: 2786: 2741: 2733: 2533: 2240: 1503: 1394: 1318: 1272: 927: 919: 808: 494: 9110: 5151: 1099: 944:

In 1906, the 1864 Geneva Convention was revised for the first time. One year later, the

650: 538: 219: 9237: 8995: 8983: 8311: 8119: 7640: 7508: 7106: 6972: 6540: 6276: 6192: 6060: 5975: 5884: 5707: 5587: 5563: 5454: 5382: 5358: 5016: 4762: 4669: 4603: 4367: 4336: 3337: 3312: 3288: 3263: 2882:"Annual Report 2019 – International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies" 2782: 2718: 2661: 2616: 2605: 2409:

The most recent National Societies to have been recognized within the Movement are the

2224: 1811: 1726: 1322: 1130: 937: 900: 821: 675: 591: 575: 567: 546: 4826:

Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva in association with Paul Haupt Publishers, Bern, 1993.

3756: 1765: 9244: 9166: 9027: 8886: 8713: 8561: 8506: 8265: 7982: 7628: 7412: 7364: 7130: 6738: 6528: 6396: 6384: 6150: 6108: 6030: 5743: 5671: 5539: 5526: 5136: 5121: 5103: 5085: 5066: 5047: 5020: 4976: 4957: 4945: 4917: 4909: 4891: 4869: 4854: 4840: 4827: 4813: 4799: 4785: 4766: 4729: 4712: 4698: 4633: 4578: 4557: 4539: 4518: 3652: 3641: 3619: 3342: 3293: 2848: 2793:

of May 1996, when Western and Indonesian activists were held hostage by separatists.

2721:, wrote: "The international committee's feared proliferation of symbols is a pitiful 2514: 2430: 2236: 2228: 2093: 1828: 1799: 1778:

goods for civil populations affected by hunger and disease. The ICRC worked with the

1774: 1393:

On 12 March 1945, ICRC president Jacob Burckhardt received a message from SS General

1260: 1183: 911: 599: 481:

in June 1859 with the intention of discussing difficulties in conducting business in

474: 398: 372: 4003: 3793:"Blinken emphasizes to Red Cross chief that access must be granted to Gaza hostages" 2321: 8718: 8516: 8050: 8039: 7088: 7051: 6996: 6696: 6480: 6372: 6168: 6120: 5939: 5915: 5394: 5008: 4752: 4656: 4456: 4051: 3375: 3332: 3324: 3283: 3275: 3129: 2695: 2680: 2612: 2468: 2414: 2326: 2232: 1815: 1794: 1658: 1634: 1544: 1468: 1399: 1330: 1284: 1256: 1134: 1118:

in Geneva. The right to access the index is still strictly restricted to the ICRC.

1062:

Group picture of the volunteers – mostly women – in front of the Musée Rath in 1914

782: 667: 603: 583: 4095: 4028: 2889: 2543:

The 1899 convention signed at the Hague extended the use of the Red Cross flag to

9368: 9323: 9283: 9136: 8989: 8761: 8546: 8521: 8511: 8062: 7862: 7801: 7424: 7310: 6924: 5896: 4616: 4595: 4533: 4512: 4125: 3757:"Israel Gaza: Hostages shot by IDF put out 'SOS' sign written with leftover food" 3578: 3428: 2854: 2714: 2687: 2664:

continue to recognize it as an official emblem, and that status was confirmed by

2510: 2019:

It is a voluntary relief movement not prompted in any manner by desire for gain.

1507: 1381: 1361: 1192: 1187: 1103: 1034: 559: 530: 412: 256: 214: 127: 9102: 9072: 8900: 3591:"Palestinian Misuse of Medical Services and Ambulances for Terrorist Activities" 3328: 3279: 1138:

territories", the ICRC could assist the civilian population on the basis of the

9106: 9050: 9046: 9023: 8871: 8845: 8688: 8566: 8556: 8536: 8331: 7622: 6678: 5921: 5168: 4575:

The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Protection of War Victims.

3568: 2709: 2572: 2568: 2450: 2175: 1922: 1823: 1739: 1734: 1689: 1685: 1552: 1428: 1403: 1368: 1232: 1228: 1129:

During the entire war, the ICRC monitored warring parties' compliance with the

1079: 940:'s Red Cross flag with which in 1905 he prevented an attack by the Russian army 877: 865: 645: 595: 482: 9017: 5012: 1608:, where the organization has been active since 2014, working closely with the 1443:(1904–1961), a physician from Geneva was one of the first foreigners to visit 1343: 504: 9477: 9459: 9446: 9066: 9062: 8551: 7890: 7634: 6588: 6234: 4905: 2691: 2544: 2526: 1326: 1288: 1244: 1075: 635:

The utilization of volunteer forces for relief assistance on the battlefield;

9262: 4938: 4660: 4029:"The Red Cross – an emblem of the world's largest humanitarian organization" 1757: 1371:

was sent to Berlin as a delegate of the International Red Cross; he visited

1071: 1022: 9305: 9225: 9132: 8905: 8840: 8830: 8741: 8642: 8531: 8397: 8097: 7971: 7956: 7562: 7334: 7262: 7214: 5835: 5653: 5063:

Globalisation, Multilateralism, Europe: Towards a Better Global Governance?

4629:

Above the fray: The Red Cross and the making of the humanitarian NGO sector

3542: 3346: 3297: 2671: 2665: 2620: 2601: 2555: 1783: 1530: 1522: 1440: 1357: 1314: 1307: 1206: 1205:

and it was thus prevented from entering into force before the beginning of

1067: 1042: 1006: 904: 730: 478: 456: 420: 209: 8960: 4884:

The Role of the ICRC in the Development of International Humanitarian Law.

2583: 1914: 1806: 9172: 9124: 9094: 9078: 8501: 8346: 7418: 7346: 7154: 7033: 6876: 6864: 6474: 6462: 6018: 5866: 5472: 5340: 4971:

Sending, Ole Jacob; Pouliot, Vincent; Neumann, Iver B. (20 August 2015).

4757: 2537: 2112:

to organize nursing and care for those who are wounded on the battlefield

1604:

Among the ten largest ICRC deployments worldwide has been the mission in

1380:. He erroneously stated that Jews were not deported from Theresienstadt. 1110: 1087: 1058: 1030: 982: 953: 873: 850: 691: 534: 229: 9363: 9337:

Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture

4839:. 13th edition, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, 1994. 4824:

Humanity for All: The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

4607: 2676: 2494: 9128: 9118: 8571: 7926: 7658: 7490: 7454: 7250: 7190: 6816: 6792: 6708: 6624: 6612: 6498: 6426: 6138: 5847: 5713: 5496: 5460: 5179:

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)

4389:"Red Cross/Magen David Adom Issue Simmers, Even As U.S. Releases Funds" 3882:. Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. Archived from 2191:

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)

2045: 1563: 1555: 1448: 1339: 1037:

and to re-establish communications with their respective families. The

888: 1918:

Entry to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum in Geneva

1487:

In celebration of its centennial in 1963, the ICRC, together with the

1090:

to the Agency. Most of the staff were women, some of whom – like

9273: 8526: 8496: 8475: 7816: 7682: 7370: 7274: 6888: 6720: 6600: 6318: 6210: 5436: 5412: 5240: 4299:[Second period (1301-1327) Establishment and consolidation]. 3975: 2563:

The Red Crescent emblem was first used by ICRC volunteers during the

2244: 2083: 1612:. At first, the ICRC was active primarily in the disputed regions of 1584: 1551:

On 27 January 2002, Palestinian Red Crescent volunteer paramedic and

1444: 1418: 1236: 1038: 990: 958: 949: 490: 470: 424: 4782:

Humanitarian Politics: The International Committee of the Red Cross.

4726:

With the Armies of the Tsar: A Nurse at the Russian Front 1914–1918.

2635: 2109:

to monitor compliance of warring parties with the Geneva Conventions

1853: 1818:, ICRC president Leopold Boissier, League Chairman John A. MacAulay. 452: 104:, the symbols from which the movement derives its name, Geneva, 2005 9301: 8008: 7786: 7730: 7478: 7466: 7394: 7298: 7286: 7057: 7008: 6948: 6780: 6660: 6648: 6450: 6270: 6078: 6066: 5963: 5945: 5780: 5689: 5677: 5641: 5605: 5508: 3048: 2753: 2749: 2737: 2722: 2611:

On 8 December 2005, in response to growing pressure to accommodate

2597: 2593: 2540:, although no written evidence of this origin had ever been found. 1526: 1515: 1432: 1384:

recorded his experiences in 1979, producing a documentary entitled

1329:, et al. After November 1943, the ICRC achieved permission to send 1268: 1178: 1162: 1066:

However, by the end of the year, the Agency already had some 1,200

1002: 933: 923: 638:

The organization of additional conferences to enact these concepts;

617: 95: 9432: 4052:"International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies" 2118:

to help with the search for missing persons in an armed conflict (

2067: 1958:

Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

657: 9184: 7694: 7670: 7646: 7598: 7538: 7322: 7226: 7100: 6912: 6840: 6828: 6804: 6756: 6564: 6552: 6534: 6390: 6294: 6282: 6198: 6162: 6102: 6054: 6042: 5987: 5933: 5878: 5792: 5665: 5581: 5533: 5520: 5484: 5448: 5424: 5376: 5364: 5352: 5120:. 13(4)/2002. Routledge/ Taylor & Francis, pp. 186–204, 4902:

Dunant's Dream: War, Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross

4837:

Handbook of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

3156: 2757: 2434: 2206: 1617: 1605: 1589: 1583:

areas and has set up six physical rehabilitation centers to help

1436: 1353: 986: 892: 881: 717: 629:

The foundation of national relief societies for wounded soldiers;

5297:

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

5188: 4796:

The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross.

3376:"Shurat HaDin head protests to Red Cross head over Red Crescent" 2807:

Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

2502:

The Red Cross emblem was officially approved in Geneva in 1863.

2481:

Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

2313: 2197:

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

1709: 1696:

in November, demanding direct access to the remaining hostages.

1620:, assisting persons injured by armed confrontations there. When 1313:

During the war, the ICRC was unable to obtain an agreement with

193:

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

137:

Blue: The Red Star of David (The Red Crystal outside of Israel)

9317: 8242: 7941: 7835: 7718: 7586: 7574: 7550: 7442: 7406: 7238: 7124: 7112: 7045: 6984: 6936: 6768: 6732: 6636: 6522: 6486: 6414: 6366: 6246: 6222: 6186: 6114: 5909: 5701: 5629: 5617: 5569: 5545: 5388: 4598:(1975). "Bleaching the Black Lie: The Case of Theresienstadt". 4589:

Towards a comprehensive Solution to the Question of the Emblem.

4161:"The red cross and red crescent emblems - Special issue - ICRC" 3643:

Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad

3442:"Afghanistan: first ICRC visit to detainees in Taliban custody" 2826: 2745: 2655:

Due to the emblem's association with the Iranian monarchy, the

2266:

to support the national societies with youth-related activities

2138: 1943: 1746: 1640:

In response to events in the conflict, the organisation issued

1613: 1534: 1435:

who saved the lives of about 11,000 to 15,000 Jewish people in

1280: 1051: 1045:

described the situation at the Geneva headquarters of the ICRC:

517: 486: 269: 5156:. Translated by Eden, Paul; Cedar, Paul. New York: T. Seltzer. 3739:"Gaza: Death toll surpasses 25,000, Rafah and Khan Younis hit" 2250:

The tasks of the IFRC can therefore be summarized as follows:

9374: 8458: 8423: 8356: 7856: 7706: 7514: 7430: 7382: 7358: 7178: 7076: 6960: 6900: 6852: 6684: 6576: 6438: 6402: 6378: 6306: 6258: 6174: 6126: 6006: 5768: 5749: 5557: 3410:""Coerced and glorified: Female palestinian suicide bombers"" 3173: 3171: 1950:

through a deliberate and participative process of discovery.

1693: 1677: 1298: 998: 994: 966: 743: 4218:"III. THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND THEIR ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS" 3538:"Red Cross lays down hacktivism law as Ukraine war rages on" 9311: 8632: 8137: 7875: 7502: 7020: 6672: 6510: 6342: 6330: 6090: 5890: 5737: 3955:"Tuvalu Red Cross Society becomes 192th member of the IFRC" 3857: 3853: 3203:"Un Vivant Qui Passe. Auschwitz 1943 - Theresienstadt 1944" 3144: 3084: 2382:

Extend its activities to the entire territory of the State.

1751: 1625: 1593: 1463: 1248: 978: 970: 5189:

International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent

4890:. 4(3)/1999. Brill Academic Publishers, pp. 503–527. 4514:

The Geneva Convention. The Hidden Origins of the Red Cross

3168: 3130:"Review of Karny, Miroslav, ed., Terezinska pametni kniha" 2904: 2087:

The emblem of the International Committee of the Red Cross

948:, adopted at the Second International Peace Conference in 4934: 3183: 2532:

The Red Cross flag is the colour-switched version of the

2128:

to arbitrate between warring parties in an armed conflict

9263:

Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation

4851:

Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross.

3930:. International Committee of the Red Cross. 28 July 2014 3722:"ICRC calls on parties to Gaza war to protect civilians" 2672:

Unrecognized emblems; Red Star of David and Red Swastika

2608:

decided that a third, more neutral symbol was required.

2403:

and Rules of Procedure of the International Federation.

1810:

Peace Nobel Prize ceremony in 1963. From left to right:

849:, Italy, Prussia, Spain, and Württemberg. Also in 1864, 389: 7763: 5183: 5178: 5173: 3821:"The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement" 3468:"Red Cross in Afghanistan gives Taliban first aid help" 3362:

The Smarter Bomb; Women and Children as Suicide Bombers

3074: 3072: 2980:. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC 2325:

An Israeli stamp commemorating the 25th anniversary of

1186:, which appointed the Norwegian diplomat and scientist 311: 8961:

Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation

5193: 4866:

The politics of power: Freeport in Suharto's Indonesia

4432: 4140: 3029: 2874: 1942:

At the 20th International Conference in Neue Hofburg,

1716:, Founding father of the League of Red Cross societies 1177:

Between 1916 and 1918, the ICRC published a number of

1161:

Red Cross nurses serving bread and coffee to American

9352: 9280:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

9057:

United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia

5184:

Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent

4970: 4950:

The Jews of Bohemia and Moravia: Facing the Holocaust

2922: 2817:

List of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

2125:

to organize protection and care for civil populations

2061:

Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent

2054:

Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent

541:, from the Geneva Hygiene and Health Commission; and 4591:

Revised 4th edition. ICRC (ref. 0778), Geneva, 2006.

3978:(in Russian; "Help for military families"), Myvmeste 3801: 3069: 2744:, East, and Southeast Asia as a symbol to represent 2046:

International Conference and the Standing Commission

868:

government ratified this treaty on 5 July 1865. The

3612:Gleis, Joshua L.; Berti, Benedetta (10 July 2012). 1458: 8125:International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission 4198:(Report). International Committee of the Red Cross 3640: 3407: 2944: 2932: 2505:The Red Cross flag is not to be confused with the 2294: 2270: 1773:A joint mission of the ICRC and the League in the 918:opted to give it jointly to Jean-Henri Dunant and 9484:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 9377:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 9232:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 5242:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 5195:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 4916:(Hardcover edition); HarperCollins, London 1999, 409:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 89:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 9494:International organisations based in Switzerland 9475: 8882:United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic 4784:Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1978. 4577:ICRC & Macmillan (ref. 0503), Geneva, 2003. 2168: 2132: 1102: – served in high positions as pioneers of 477:, traveled to Italy to meet then-French emperor 19:"Red Cross" redirects here. For other uses, see 5280: 5174:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 4360:"Regarding "An Outrageous Exclusion of Israel"" 4049: 2992: 2201: 2137:The ICRC is headquartered in the Swiss city of 2068:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 1417:Telegram by ICRC delegate Fritz Bilfinger from 1116:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum 658:Geneva Convention, national societies, and ICRC 632:Neutrality and protection for wounded soldiers; 5033:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 4305:(in Persian). 14 December 2004. Archived from 3798:(December 9, 2023). Retrieved 9 December 2023. 2115:to supervise the treatment of prisoners of war 1579:In the 2000s, the ICRC has been active in the 9040:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 8931: 8024: 5226: 4738: 4568:The emblem of the Red Cross: a brief history. 4271:"History of the Iranian Red Crescent Society" 3880:"Role and Mandate of the Standing Commission" 3162: 3150: 2764: 2464:through their "Everything for victory" fund. 2254:to promote humanitarian principles and values 1467:Budapest 1945. Repatriation of 2,000 Italian 1235:visit. Most of the children were murdered at 8877:Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks 5169:The International RCRC Movement – Who we are 5130: 4798:Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2005. 4190: 3392: 3205:. Fritz Bauer Institut. 2005. Archived from 2910: 1306:Two other main parties to the conflict, the 1173:, upon their arrival in Paris, July 4, 1917. 377:(1917 ICRC, 1944 ICRC, 1963 ICRC & IFRC) 120:in use: Red Cross, Red Crescent, Red Crystal 5131:Young, John; Hoyland, Greg (14 July 2016). 5102:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston, 1984. 5044:Christianity: History, Belief, and Practice 4944: 4682:(in French). Geneva: Jules-Guillaume Fick. 3177: 2317:An ambulance owned by the Mexican Red Cross 1882:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1664:In October 2023, the ICRC responded to the 1599: 612:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 552: 9155:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 8938: 8924: 8434:Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation 8031: 8017: 5233: 5219: 4973:Diplomacy and the Making of World Politics 4621:. South African Jewish Historical Society. 4594: 4485:"West Papua in the grip of militia terror" 4452:"ICRC steps up probe into Irian Jaya case" 4407: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4167:. International Committee of the Red Cross 3827:. International Committee of the Red Cross 3611: 3189: 2668:in 2005 even as it added the Red Crystal. 1622:Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February 2022 397: 94: 4989: 4853:Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1997. 4756: 4743:[The Illusion of the Objective]. 4158: 3494:"Why the ICRC will remain in Afghanistan" 3336: 3287: 3090: 2474: 1937: 1902:Learn how and when to remove this message 1537:. Their murderers have never been caught. 1277:Agence centrale des prisonniers de guerre 76:Learn how and when to remove this message 9504:Organizations awarded Nobel Peace Prizes 5291:International Committee of the Red Cross 4882:Lavoyer, Jean-Philippe; Maresca, Louis. 4739:Farré, Sébastien; Schubert, Yan (2009). 4531: 4146: 4123: 3778:INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS 3686:International Committee of the Red Cross 3615:Hezbollah and Hamas: A Comparative Study 3515:International Committee of the Red Cross 3444:. ICRC. 15 December 2009. Archived from 2675: 2634: 2582: 2554: 2493: 2424: 2320: 2312: 2274: 2205: 2082: 2074:International Committee of the Red Cross 1930:staff conducting activities for children 1921: 1913: 1805: 1764: 1756: 1708: 1647: 1493: 1491:, received its third Nobel Peace Prize. 1462: 1412: 1352: 1297: 1222: 1198:International Committee of the Red Cross 1156: 1144: 1120: 1057: 1016: 932: 644: 616: 503: 451: 439: 175:International Committee of the Red Cross 39:This article includes a list of general 9330:Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative 9089:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity 5079: 4614: 4510: 4179: 4119: 4117: 4021: 2950: 2650:1877–1878 war between Russia and Turkey 2308: 1642:rule of engagement for civilian hackers 1376:noted for its uncritical acceptance of 1325:and the mass killing of European Jews, 1219:Theresienstadt Ghetto and the Red Cross 9476: 5315: 5041: 4711:Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva, 1984. 4667: 4556:Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva, 1985. 4517:. Gloucestershire: The History Press. 4482: 4159:Sommaruga, Cornelio (2 October 1997). 3638: 3424:"Woman suicide bomber shakes Israelis" 3416: 2938: 2926: 2163:Comité international de la Croix-Rouge 520:, he decided to write a book entitled 9318:Camfed, Campaign for Female Education 9261: 8959: 8919: 8012: 7762: 5314: 5279: 5214: 5149: 5133:Christianity: A Complete Introduction 5000:International Review of the Red Cross 4863: 4646: 4625: 4438: 4357: 3998: 3996: 3952: 3928:"Cooperating with National Societies" 3807: 3707:-Israel and the Occupied Territories- 3535: 3492:Cipolla, Christine (20 August 2021). 3401: 3386: 3127: 3078: 3035: 2623:, fulfilling Sommaruga's suggestion. 2303: 2263:to support local health care projects 1106:in an organisation dominated by men. 485:, which at that time was occupied by 9381: 9199:Malaria Research and Training Centre 8948:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award 8464:The State of the Humanitarian System 8038: 5153:Romain Rolland; the man and his work 5060: 4333:American Friends of Magen David Adom 4193:Red Cross, Red Crescent, Red Crystal 4114: 3368: 3310: 3261: 3104:"Understanding the Hague Convention" 2998: 2832: 2822:World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day 1880:adding citations to reliable sources 1847: 1317:about the treatment of detainees in 809:Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves 608:United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway 493:on the evening of 24 June after the 25: 9179:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 7915:(pending recognition and admission) 7764:Non-members and affiliate societies 5205:Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland 5098:Willemin, Georges; Heacock, Roger. 4777:, Cambridge University Press, 1999. 4632:. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. 4297:"دوره دوم(1301ـ1327) تأسيس و تثبيت" 3583: 3422:Inigo Gilmore (January 28, 2002). 3380:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 3041: 2923:Sending, Pouliot & Neumann 2015 2630: 2100: 1672:violent conflict, the ICRC and the 1271:, organizing relief assistance for 903:was founded through the efforts of 16:International humanitarian movement 13: 9529:1863 establishments in Switzerland 8769:The State of the World's Cash 2020 8694:Central African Republic Civil War 4689:from the original on 24 July 2021. 4483:McLeod, Alastair (29 April 2000). 3993: 3408:Anna-Claire Bowers (Summer 2011). 3132:. Humanities & Social Sciences 489:. He arrived in the small town of 102:Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems 45:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 9540: 9524:Organizations established in 1863 9191:Manhiça Centre of Health Research 8638:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 8377:Koyamada International Foundation 5830:Congo, Democratic Republic of the 5162: 4487:. Asia Pacific Solidarity Network 4358:Healy, Bernadine (4 April 2000). 3647:. Yale University Press. p. 2235:, and the Red Cross societies of 1431:(1903–1963), an ICRC delegate in 1360:, delegate of the ICRC, visiting 1086:for 1915, he donated half of the 9424: 9407: 9390: 9362: 9220:National Transplant Organization 8899: 7970: 7955: 7940: 7925: 7904: 7889: 7874: 7855: 7834: 7815: 7800: 7785: 7729: 7717: 7705: 7693: 7681: 7669: 7657: 7645: 7633: 7621: 7609: 7597: 7585: 7573: 7561: 7549: 7537: 7525: 7513: 7501: 7489: 7477: 7465: 7453: 7441: 7429: 7417: 7405: 7393: 7381: 7369: 7357: 7345: 7333: 7321: 7309: 7297: 7285: 7273: 7261: 7249: 7237: 7225: 7213: 7201: 7189: 7177: 7173:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7165: 7153: 7135: 7123: 7111: 7099: 7087: 7075: 7056: 7044: 7032: 7019: 7007: 6995: 6983: 6971: 6959: 6947: 6935: 6923: 6911: 6899: 6887: 6875: 6863: 6851: 6839: 6827: 6815: 6803: 6791: 6779: 6767: 6755: 6743: 6731: 6719: 6707: 6695: 6683: 6671: 6659: 6647: 6635: 6623: 6611: 6599: 6587: 6575: 6563: 6551: 6533: 6521: 6509: 6497: 6485: 6473: 6461: 6449: 6437: 6425: 6413: 6401: 6389: 6377: 6365: 6353: 6341: 6329: 6317: 6305: 6293: 6281: 6269: 6257: 6245: 6233: 6221: 6209: 6197: 6185: 6173: 6161: 6149: 6137: 6125: 6113: 6101: 6089: 6077: 6065: 6053: 6041: 6029: 6017: 6005: 5986: 5974: 5962: 5944: 5932: 5920: 5908: 5889: 5877: 5865: 5846: 5834: 5822: 5803: 5791: 5779: 5767: 5748: 5736: 5724: 5712: 5700: 5688: 5676: 5664: 5652: 5640: 5628: 5616: 5604: 5592: 5580: 5568: 5556: 5544: 5532: 5519: 5507: 5495: 5483: 5471: 5459: 5447: 5435: 5423: 5411: 5399: 5387: 5375: 5363: 5351: 5339: 5265: 5258: 5251: 4050:António Martins (5 March 1999). 3990:ifrc.org. Retrieved 30 Nov 2023. 3536:Jones, Connor (4 October 2023). 2773:and the indigenous rights group 2701:In her March 2000 letter to the 2690:requested the addition of a red 2462:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 2221:Participating National Societies 2182:to cover its internal costs and 1852: 1725:, who was then president of the 1674:Palestinian Red Crescent Society 1459:After World War II; 20th century 827: 814: 801: 788: 775: 762: 749: 736: 723: 710: 697: 684: 126: 110: 30: 9203:Kintampo Health Research Centre 8785:Attacks on humanitarian workers 8189:Inter-Agency Standing Committee 6751:Micronesia, Federated States of 4775:The Red Cross and the Holocaust 4728:Stein and Day, New York, 1975. 4570:ICRC (ref. 0316), Geneva, 1977. 4476: 4444: 4381: 4351: 4321: 4289: 4263: 4238: 4225:Organization of American States 4210: 4152: 4096:"History of the emblems | ICRC" 4088: 4066: 4043: 3981: 3969: 3946: 3920: 3898: 3872: 3842: 3813: 3786: 3771: 3749: 3731: 3715: 3700: 3674: 3665: 3632: 3605: 3557: 3529: 3503: 3486: 3460: 3434: 3353: 3304: 3255: 3221: 3195: 3121: 3096: 2839: 2732:was formed in China during the 2550: 2453:services or acting as civilian 2420: 1843: 1569: 1476:umbrella as a successor to the 1259:whose countries had signed the 1212: 316:United Nations General Assembly 9489:Humanitarian aid organizations 9240:for the Advancement of Science 8800:Health Care In Danger Campaign 8699:Western African Ebola outbreak 8327:International Rescue Committee 8184:Humanitarian-Development Nexus 8073:International humanitarian law 5046:. The Rosen Publishing Group. 4990:Schazmann, Paul-Emile (1955). 4975:. Cambridge University Press. 4868:. University of Hawaii Press. 4618:South African Jewish Year Book 3976:"Помощь семьям военнослужащих" 3311:Dyer, Owen (6 December 2003). 3262:Dyer, Owen (6 December 2003). 3229:"Swiss ICRC delegate murdered" 3004: 2970: 2956: 2916: 2777:released a documentary called 2769:The Australian TV network the 2578: 2336:International Humanitarian Law 1833:tsunami disaster in South Asia 1761:A stamp from the Faroe Islands 1631:international humanitarian law 1574: 1541:operations across Afghanistan. 1012: 415:movement with approximately 16 1: 9499:Organisations based in Geneva 8950:for International Cooperation 8747:Sexual exploitation and abuse 8146:History of the United Nations 5084:(Thesis). Waterloo, Ontario. 4939:Institute of European History 4935:EGO - European History Online 4503: 2411:Maldives Red Crescent Society 2295:Funding and financial matters 2271:Legal status and organization 2169:Funding and financial matters 2147:non-governmental organization 2133:Legal status and organization 2059:between the conferences, the 1838: 1812:Crown Prince Harald of Norway 1782:and later the society of the 1489:League of Red Cross Societies 1125:Red Cross ambulance from 1917 435: 354: 341: 9519:Missing people organizations 8862:2015 European migrant crisis 8790:Aid Worker Security Database 8664:Great Indian Famine of 1870s 8481:Global Humanitarian Overview 5080:Walters, William C. (2004). 4954:University of Nebraska Press 4364:International Herald Tribune 4302:Iranian Red Crescent Society 4074:"The history of the emblems" 4031:. Seiyaku.com. 10 March 1945 3728:. Retrieved 9 December 2023. 3393:Chelsea Rock (Spring 2006). 3012:"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901" 2704:International Herald Tribune 2489: 2486:concerns of territorialism. 2429:The Logistics Centre of the 2279:Van of the Italian Red Cross 2202:Mission and responsibilities 1704: 1074:of Geneva, amongst them the 987:Oriental Republic of Uruguay 891:due to business failures in 7: 9290:Hispanic Society of America 9216:The Transplantation Society 9165:2004: The European Union's 9149:International Space Station 8322:International Medical Corps 8194:Humanitarian Cluster System 5281:International Organisations 5015:(inactive 27 August 2024). 4941:, retrieved: 17 March 2021. 4668:Dunant, Jean-Henri (1863). 3860:. November 2015. p. 15 3571:or to transfer terrorists." 3500:. Retrieved 27 August 2021. 3329:10.1136/bmj.327.7427.1308-a 3280:10.1136/bmj.327.7427.1308-a 3049:"The Story of My Childhood" 2812:First Aid Convention Europe 2800: 2565:armed conflict of 1876–1878 1610:Ukrainian Red Cross Society 1498:ICRC Headquarters in Geneva 1243:The Red Cross' response to 1196:1914 to 1918. In 1923, the 1153:in New York harbour ca 1915 724: 10: 9545: 9312:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance 8867:Detention Centres in Libya 8752:Core Humanitarian Standard 8429:Network for Refugee Voices 8403:Global Refugee-Led Network 7981:(autonomous branch of the 7866:(autonomous branch of the 7826:(autonomous branch of the 7449:Taiwan (Republic of China) 5135:. Hodder & Stoughton. 4930:Red Cross and Red Crescent 4741:"L'illusion de l'objectif" 4538:. Henry Durant Institute. 4535:From Solferino to Tsushima 4126:"Miscellaneous Navy Flags" 3565:Israeli Ministry of Health 2765:Hostage crisis allegations 2478: 2217:Operating National Society 2194: 2078: 2071: 2051: 1216: 1084:Nobel Prize for Literature 1082:. When he was awarded the 991:United States of Venezuela 922:, a leading international 796:Kingdom of the Netherlands 588:Kingdom of the Netherlands 430: 21:Red Cross (disambiguation) 18: 9268: 9257: 9210:World Health Organization 9161:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 9143:Fernando Henrique Cardoso 8966: 8955: 8895: 8854: 8836:International development 8823: 8805:Kunduz hospital airstrike 8777: 8732: 8651: 8580: 8489: 8446: 8411: 8385: 8352:Norwegian Refugee Council 8294: 8256: 8215: 8206: 8169:World Humanitarian Summit 8159: 8135: 8088: 8081: 8046: 7773: 7769: 7758: 5327: 5323: 5310: 5286: 5275: 5248: 5013:10.1017/S1026881200125735 4888:International Negotiation 4532:Boissier, Pierre (1985). 4393:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 4124:McMillan, Joseph (2001). 3163:Farré & Schubert 2009 3151:Farré & Schubert 2009 2509:depicted on the flags of 2455:Emergency Medical Service 1780:Russian Red Cross Society 1657:cooperated with the MDA ( 1387:A Visitor from the Living 916:Norwegian Nobel Committee 914:was awarded in 1901, the 508:Original document of the 444:The Red Cross, after the 384: 365: 348: 335: 322: 305: 297: 287: 279: 262: 252: 238: 202: 155: 147: 125: 109: 93: 9195:Ifakara Health Institute 8709:South Sudanese Civil War 8684:2011 East Africa drought 8342:Médecins Sans Frontières 8307:Catholic Relief Services 5732:Central African Republic 5118:Diplomacy and Statecraft 4615:De Saxe, Morris (1929). 4511:Bennett, Angela (2006). 3953:Kumar, Navinesh (2016). 3783:. Retrieved 24 Nov 2023. 3712:. Retrieved 14 Nov 2023. 3639:Levitt, Matthew (2007). 2911:Young & Hoyland 2016 2867: 2791:Mapenduma hostage crisis 2717:, then president of the 2657:Islamic Republic of Iran 2645:Red Lion and Sun Society 2415:Cyprus Red Cross Society 2329:, issued 11 January 1955 1600:Russo-Ukrainian conflict 1502:On 16 October 1990, the 1482:Fourth Geneva Convention 1334:the concentration camps 1293:Nazi concentration camps 553:International conference 473:, the Swiss businessman 134:Green: The Red Crescent 9085:Government of Guatemala 9012:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 9002:University of Salamanca 8815:Dolo hospital airstrike 8659:Chinese Famine of 1870s 8151:1951 Refugee Convention 8068:Humanitarian principles 4927:Möller, Esther (2020), 4661:10.1002/2059-7932.12003 4649:The Sociological Review 4626:Dromi, Shai M. (2020). 4076:. ICRC. 14 January 2007 3317:British Medical Journal 3268:British Medical Journal 3128:Schur, Herbert (1997). 2686:For over 50 years, the 2413:(9 November 2011), the 2174:organizations like the 1699: 1478:1907 Hague Convention X 1021:War 1914–1918. Geneva, 983:Republic of El Salvador 963:United States of Brazil 510:First Geneva Convention 497:, an engagement in the 329:Mirjana Spoljaric Egger 182:; 105 years ago 164:; 161 years ago 60:more precise citations. 9034:Hans-Dietrich Genscher 8795:World Humanitarian Day 8669:Ethiopian famine 1980s 8447:Analysis and reporting 8317:Danish Refugee Council 8295:International agencies 5600:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5150:Zweig, Stefan (1921). 4864:Leith, Denise (2002). 4695:A Memory of Solferino. 3108:US Department of State 2775:Rettet die Naturvölker 2683: 2640: 2588: 2560: 2499: 2475:History of the emblems 2444:Restoring Family Links 2438: 2330: 2318: 2280: 2211: 2088: 1938:Fundamental principles 1931: 1919: 1819: 1770: 1762: 1717: 1499: 1472: 1425: 1421:three weeks after the 1406:), and Victor Maurer ( 1365: 1303: 1240: 1174: 1154: 1126: 1092:Marguerite van Berchem 1063: 1056: 1026: 941: 835:Kingdom of Württemberg 654: 622: 543:Guillaume-Henri Dufour 513: 465: 449: 225:Guillaume Henri Dufour 9006:University of Coimbra 8757:Sphere (organization) 8679:2010 Haiti earthquake 8542:Rachel Kiddell-Monroe 8302:Action Against Hunger 8276:The Federation (IFRC) 8109:A Memory of Solferino 7209:São Tomé and Príncipe 7143:Saint Kitts and Nevis 5065:. London: Routledge. 5042:Stefon, Matt (2011). 4900:Moorehead, Caroline. 4722:Farmborough, Florence 3724:(02 December, 2023). 3054:World Digital Library 2679: 2638: 2586: 2558: 2497: 2479:Further information: 2428: 2324: 2316: 2278: 2209: 2086: 1925: 1917: 1809: 1768: 1760: 1712: 1666:2023 Israel–Hamas war 1654:2023 Israel–Hamas war 1648:Israel–Hamas conflict 1497: 1466: 1416: 1373:Theresienstadt Ghetto 1356: 1301: 1226: 1217:Further information: 1160: 1148: 1124: 1061: 1047: 1029:With the outbreak of 1020: 1007:Union of South Africa 975:United Mexican States 936: 648: 620: 523:A Memory of Solferino 507: 462:A Memory of Solferino 455: 443: 318:: both ICRC and IFRC) 9460:46.22778°N 6.13722°E 9115:Fatana Ishaq Gailani 9099:Olayinka Koso-Thomas 9047:Frederik W. de Klerk 8471:The New Humanitarian 7617:United Arab Emirates 5061:Telò, Mario (2014). 4849:Hutchinson, John F. 4773:Favez, Jean-Claude. 4758:10.3917/lms.227.0065 4415:"Blood On the Cross" 4277:on 28 September 2007 3577:21 June 2011 at the 3237:The New Humanitarian 2730:Red Swastika Society 2523:Freiburg im Breisgau 2507:Saint George's Cross 2309:Official recognition 1928:Turkish Red Crescent 1876:improve this section 1581:Afghanistan conflict 1560:Jaffa Street bombing 1273:civilian populations 1239:in the fall of 1944. 1078:writer and pacifist 1041:writer and pacifist 870:Turkish Red Crescent 855:Charles van de Velde 770:Grand Duchy of Hesse 705:Grand Duchy of Baden 580:Grand Duchy of Hesse 564:Grand Duchy of Baden 516:Back at his home in 499:Austro-Sardinian War 446:Battle of Gravelotte 162:9 February 1863 9456: / 9296:Amref Health Africa 8978:Enrique V. 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6.13722 9350: 9349: 9346: 9345: 9253: 9252: 9245:Fulbright Program 9167:Erasmus Programme 9028:Mikhail Gorbachev 8946:Laureates of the 8913: 8912: 8887:Aid effectiveness 8778:Aid worker safety 8714:Rohingya genocide 8652:Major emergencies 8562:Michael Bloomberg 8507:Christos Christou 8442: 8441: 8367:Save the Children 8337:Médecins du Monde 8266:Seville Agreement 8202: 8201: 8056:in conflict zones 8006: 8005: 8002: 8001: 7998: 7997: 7993: 7992: 7983:Italian Red Cross 7754: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7745: 7744: 6037:Equatorial Guinea 5306: 5305: 5142:978-1-4736-1577-9 5072:978-1-4094-6449-5 5053:978-1-61530-493-6 4982:978-1-316-36878-7 4963:978-0-8032-0502-4 4875:978-0-8248-2566-9 4639:978-0-2266-8010-1 4545:978-2-88044-012-1 4441:, pp. 305–6. 3688:. 12 October 2023 3038:, pp. 79–97. 2849:Livia Rothkirchen 2833:Explanatory notes 2600:country from the 2431:Finnish Red Cross 2229:British Red Cross 2184:Emergency Appeals 2094:Seville Agreement 2043: 2042: 2015:Voluntary Service 1912: 1911: 1904: 1829:Seville Agreement 1775:Russian Civil War 1738:countries of the 1506:granted the ICRC 1291:conducted in the 1261:Geneva Convention 1231:at choreographed 1184:League of Nations 1096:Marguerite Cramer 995:Republic of China 967:Republic of Chile 912:Nobel Peace Prize 676:Geneva Convention 600:Kingdom of Saxony 475:Jean-Henri Dunant 405: 404: 373:Nobel Peace Prize 86: 85: 78: 9536: 9509:Aftermath of war 9471: 9470: 9468: 9467: 9466: 9461: 9457: 9454: 9453: 9452: 9449: 9437: 9429: 9428: 9427: 9420: 9412: 9411: 9410: 9403: 9395: 9394: 9393: 9383: 9367: 9366: 9358: 9259: 9258: 9218:and the Spanish 9111:Rigoberta Menchú 8957: 8956: 8940: 8933: 8926: 8917: 8916: 8906:World portal 8904: 8903: 8855:Related articles 8724:Yemeni Civil War 8719:Syrian civil war 8517:Martin Griffiths 8213: 8212: 8086: 8085: 8051:Humanitarian aid 8040:Humanitarian aid 8033: 8026: 8019: 8010: 8009: 7986: 7975: 7974: 7967: 7960: 7959: 7952: 7945: 7944: 7937: 7930: 7929: 7916: 7909: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7893: 7886: 7879: 7878: 7871: 7860: 7859: 7846: 7839: 7838: 7831: 7820: 7819: 7812: 7805: 7804: 7797: 7790: 7789: 7776: 7775: 7771: 7770: 7760: 7759: 7734: 7733: 7722: 7721: 7710: 7709: 7698: 7697: 7686: 7685: 7674: 7673: 7662: 7661: 7650: 7649: 7638: 7637: 7626: 7625: 7614: 7613: 7602: 7601: 7590: 7589: 7578: 7577: 7566: 7565: 7554: 7553: 7542: 7541: 7530: 7529: 7518: 7517: 7506: 7505: 7494: 7493: 7482: 7481: 7470: 7469: 7458: 7457: 7446: 7445: 7434: 7433: 7422: 7421: 7410: 7409: 7398: 7397: 7386: 7385: 7374: 7373: 7362: 7361: 7350: 7349: 7338: 7337: 7326: 7325: 7314: 7313: 7302: 7301: 7290: 7289: 7278: 7277: 7266: 7265: 7254: 7253: 7242: 7241: 7230: 7229: 7218: 7217: 7206: 7205: 7194: 7193: 7182: 7181: 7170: 7169: 7158: 7157: 7140: 7139: 7128: 7127: 7116: 7115: 7104: 7103: 7095:Republika Srpska 7092: 7091: 7080: 7079: 7072: 7061: 7060: 7049: 7048: 7037: 7036: 7024: 7023: 7012: 7011: 7003:Papua New Guinea 7000: 6999: 6988: 6987: 6976: 6975: 6964: 6963: 6952: 6951: 6940: 6939: 6928: 6927: 6916: 6915: 6904: 6903: 6892: 6891: 6880: 6879: 6868: 6867: 6856: 6855: 6844: 6843: 6832: 6831: 6820: 6819: 6808: 6807: 6796: 6795: 6784: 6783: 6772: 6771: 6760: 6759: 6748: 6747: 6736: 6735: 6724: 6723: 6712: 6711: 6703:Marshall Islands 6700: 6699: 6688: 6687: 6676: 6675: 6664: 6663: 6652: 6651: 6640: 6639: 6628: 6627: 6616: 6615: 6604: 6603: 6592: 6591: 6580: 6579: 6568: 6567: 6556: 6555: 6538: 6537: 6526: 6525: 6514: 6513: 6502: 6501: 6490: 6489: 6478: 6477: 6466: 6465: 6454: 6453: 6442: 6441: 6430: 6429: 6418: 6417: 6406: 6405: 6394: 6393: 6382: 6381: 6370: 6369: 6358: 6357: 6346: 6345: 6334: 6333: 6322: 6321: 6310: 6309: 6298: 6297: 6286: 6285: 6274: 6273: 6262: 6261: 6250: 6249: 6238: 6237: 6226: 6225: 6214: 6213: 6202: 6201: 6190: 6189: 6178: 6177: 6166: 6165: 6154: 6153: 6142: 6141: 6130: 6129: 6118: 6117: 6106: 6105: 6094: 6093: 6082: 6081: 6070: 6069: 6058: 6057: 6046: 6045: 6034: 6033: 6022: 6021: 6010: 6009: 6002: 5991: 5990: 5979: 5978: 5967: 5966: 5949: 5948: 5937: 5936: 5925: 5924: 5913: 5912: 5905: 5894: 5893: 5882: 5881: 5870: 5869: 5862: 5851: 5850: 5839: 5838: 5827: 5826: 5819: 5808: 5807: 5796: 5795: 5784: 5783: 5772: 5771: 5764: 5753: 5752: 5741: 5740: 5729: 5728: 5717: 5716: 5705: 5704: 5693: 5692: 5681: 5680: 5669: 5668: 5657: 5656: 5645: 5644: 5633: 5632: 5621: 5620: 5609: 5608: 5597: 5596: 5585: 5584: 5573: 5572: 5561: 5560: 5549: 5548: 5537: 5536: 5524: 5523: 5512: 5511: 5500: 5499: 5488: 5487: 5476: 5475: 5464: 5463: 5452: 5451: 5440: 5439: 5428: 5427: 5416: 5415: 5404: 5403: 5392: 5391: 5380: 5379: 5368: 5367: 5356: 5355: 5344: 5343: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5312: 5311: 5277: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5256: 5255: 5254: 5235: 5228: 5221: 5212: 5211: 5202:database of the 5157: 5146: 5112:Wylie, Neville. 5095: 5076: 5057: 5038: 5032: 5024: 4996: 4986: 4967: 4908:, London, 1998. 4879: 4770: 4760: 4690: 4688: 4681: 4664: 4643: 4622: 4611: 4549: 4528: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4460:. 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3373: 3369: 3358: 3354: 3309: 3305: 3260: 3256: 3242: 3240: 3239:. 28 March 2003 3227: 3226: 3222: 3212: 3210: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3190:Dawidowicz 1975 3188: 3184: 3176: 3169: 3161: 3157: 3149: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3010: 3009: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2949: 2945: 2937: 2933: 2925:, p. 181; 2921: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2895: 2893: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2855:Lucy Dawidowicz 2844: 2840: 2835: 2803: 2767: 2740:is used in the 2715:Bernadine Healy 2688:State of Israel 2674: 2633: 2581: 2553: 2492: 2483: 2477: 2423: 2311: 2306: 2297: 2273: 2204: 2199: 2193: 2171: 2135: 2120:tracing service 2103: 2081: 2076: 2070: 2056: 2048: 1940: 1908: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1873: 1857: 1846: 1841: 1707: 1702: 1650: 1602: 1577: 1572: 1508:observer status 1461: 1382:Claude Lanzmann 1378:Nazi propaganda 1227:Photo taken by 1221: 1215: 1193:Nansen passport 1188:Fridtjof Nansen 1104:gender equality 1015: 1005:), and Africa ( 1003:Kingdom of Siam 999:Empire of Japan 954:First World War 910:When the first 839: 828: 826: 815: 813: 802: 800: 789: 787: 776: 774: 763: 761: 750: 748: 737: 735: 722: 711: 709: 698: 696: 685: 683: 660: 560:Austrian Empire 555: 531:Gustave Moynier 438: 433: 416: 388: 380: 358: 351: 338: 325: 308: 290: 275: 257:Humanitarianism 234: 215:Gustave Moynier 198: 186: 184: 181: 180:5 May 1919 168: 166: 163: 143: 121: 105: 82: 71: 65: 62: 52:Please help to 51: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9542: 9532: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9439: 9438: 9421: 9419:from Wikiquote 9404: 9375: 9372: 9371: 9348: 9347: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9340: 9333: 9326: 9320: 9314: 9308: 9298: 9292: 9286: 9276: 9269: 9266: 9265: 9255: 9254: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9247: 9241: 9234: 9228: 9222: 9212: 9206: 9193:(Mozambique), 9187: 9181: 9175: 9169: 9163: 9157: 9151: 9145: 9139: 9121: 9107:Fatiha Boudiaf 9091: 9081: 9075: 9069: 9059: 9053: 9051:Nelson Mandela 9043: 9036: 9030: 9024:Jacques Delors 9020: 9014: 9008: 8998: 8992: 8986: 8980: 8974: 8967: 8964: 8963: 8953: 8952: 8943: 8942: 8935: 8928: 8920: 8911: 8910: 8896: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8872:Crisis mapping 8869: 8864: 8858: 8856: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8848: 8846:Neocolonialism 8843: 8838: 8833: 8827: 8825: 8824:Related fields 8821: 8820: 8818: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8781: 8779: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8771: 8766: 8765: 8764: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8738: 8736: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8689:Typhoon Haiyan 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8655: 8653: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8584: 8582: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8567:Warren Buffett 8564: 8559: 8557:Jamshedji Tata 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8537:James Orbinski 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8493: 8491: 8490:Notable people 8487: 8486: 8484: 8483: 8478: 8473: 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5928:Czech Republic 5336: 5334: 5328: 5321: 5320: 5308: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5300: 5294: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5273: 5272: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5238: 5237: 5230: 5223: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5164: 5163:External links 5161: 5159: 5158: 5147: 5141: 5128: 5110: 5096: 5090: 5077: 5071: 5058: 5052: 5039: 4987: 4981: 4968: 4962: 4942: 4925: 4898: 4880: 4874: 4861: 4847: 4834: 4820: 4806: 4792: 4778: 4771: 4736: 4719: 4705: 4691: 4665: 4644: 4638: 4623: 4612: 4592: 4585: 4571: 4564: 4550: 4544: 4529: 4524:978-0752495828 4523: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4475: 4443: 4431: 4406: 4395:. 18 July 2003 4380: 4350: 4320: 4288: 4262: 4237: 4209: 4178: 4151: 4139: 4113: 4102:. 26 June 2024 4087: 4065: 4054:. Crwflags.com 4042: 4020: 3992: 3980: 3968: 3945: 3919: 3897: 3871: 3841: 3812: 3810:, p. 119. 3800: 3785: 3770: 3748: 3730: 3714: 3699: 3673: 3664: 3658:978-0300122589 3657: 3631: 3624: 3604: 3582: 3556: 3528: 3502: 3485: 3459: 3448:on 12 May 2012 3433: 3415: 3400: 3385: 3367: 3352: 3323:(7427): 1308. 3303: 3274:(7427): 1308. 3254: 3220: 3194: 3192:, p. 138. 3182: 3180:, p. 258. 3167: 3155: 3143: 3120: 3095: 3091:Schazmann 1955 3083: 3081:, p. 268. 3068: 3040: 3028: 3016:NobelPrize.org 3003: 2991: 2969: 2955: 2943: 2931: 2915: 2913:, p. 354. 2903: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2852: 2845: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2802: 2799: 2766: 2763: 2710:New York Times 2673: 2670: 2632: 2629: 2580: 2577: 2573:Russian Empire 2569:Ottoman Empire 2552: 2549: 2491: 2488: 2476: 2473: 2451:blood donation 2422: 2419: 2400: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2267: 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Giving 8532:Peter Maurer 8393:NEAR Network 8372:World Vision 8257: 8207:Humanitarian 8179:Localisation 8160:21st-century 8114: 8107: 8098:Henry Dunant 7978:Vatican City 7966:(non-member) 7963:Transnistria 7936:(non-member) 7923: 7900:(non-member) 7885:(non-member) 7853: 7845:(non-member) 7811:(non-member) 7783: 7569:Turkmenistan 7341:South Africa 7269:Sierra Leone 7221:Saudi Arabia 7151: 7029:(suspended) 6549: 6481:Korea, South 6469:Korea, North 5960: 5842:Cook Islands 5660:Burkina Faso 5529:(suspended) 5337: 5241: 5203: 5199: 5194: 5152: 5132: 5117: 5113: 5099: 5081: 5062: 5043: 5029:cite journal 5007:(434): 140. 5004: 4998: 4972: 4949: 4929: 4901: 4887: 4883: 4865: 4850: 4836: 4823: 4822:Haug, Hans. 4809: 4795: 4781: 4774: 4751:(2): 65–83. 4748: 4744: 4725: 4708: 4694: 4675: 4670: 4655:(2): 79–97. 4652: 4648: 4628: 4617: 4599: 4588: 4574: 4567: 4553: 4534: 4513: 4491:27 September 4489:. 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Lincoln: 4419:Engagemedia 4255:15 November 4202:15 November 4171:11 November 3934:15 November 3864:23 November 3831:15 November 3521:27 February 3478:10 December 3452:10 December 2939:Dunant 1863 2927:Stefon 2011 2896:18 December 2785:during the 2734:Warlord era 2728:In 1922, a 2587:Red Crystal 2579:Red Crystal 2538:Switzerland 2467:During the 1966:Definition 1789:During the 1575:Afghanistan 1449:atomic bomb 1344:Ravensbrück 1088:prize money 1031:World War I 1023:Rath Museum 1013:World War I 874:Crimean War 851:Louis Appia 535:Louis Appia 337:Employees 331:(president) 230:Louis Appia 58:introducing 9478:Categories 9448:46°13′40″N 9416:Quotations 9288:2017: The 9153:2002: The 9129:John Glenn 9119:Somaly Mam 8733:Standards, 8572:Bill Gates 7933:Somaliland 7665:Uzbekistan 7461:Tajikistan 7257:Seychelles 7197:San Marino 6823:Mozambique 6799:Montenegro 6715:Mauritania 6631:Madagascar 6619:Luxembourg 6505:Kyrgyzstan 6433:Kazakhstan 5854:Costa Rica 5720:Cape Verde 5503:Bangladesh 5467:Azerbaijan 4600:Salmagundi 4504:References 4439:Leith 2002 4329:"About Us" 4128:. 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