1639:
1416:
1915:
68:
1466:
1450:
1346:
302:
1366:
1603:
914:
981:
1576:
450:
48:
593:
59:
1385:
1497:
1860:
867:
1830:
1485:
39:
1655:
1896:
429:
1945:
953:
937:
1845:
290:
2512:"After king Nasr ad din had fled to Cairo in 1397 to beg assistance against his cousin, the King of Nubia is depicted with a yellow flag with a white crescent but also with a yellow shield with a white crescent. At the same time the yellow crescented flag waves over all the Mameluk Empire. The flag of the Sultan of Egypt is yellow with three white crescents. From this we may conclude that any autonomy of the Nubian king was over at the time." Hubert de Vries,
1880:
997:
969:
1575:
848:
887:
1216:
of Rome made just a few weeks after the battle, and the
Martino Rota of Venice in the following year, show the Ottoman vessels displaying flags with one or several crescents in various orientations (as do the monumental paintings commissioned later based on these prints). Rota also shows numerous
1300:
magazine, established 1980), some Muslim publications tend to emphasize that the interpretation of the crescent, historically used on the banners of Muslim armies, as a "religious symbol" of Islam was an error made by the "Christians of Europe". The identification of the crescent as an "Islamic
483:
The tapered regions towards the points of intersection of the two arcs are known as the "horns" of the crescent. The classical crescent shape has its horns pointing upward (and is often worn as horns when worn as a crown or diadem, e.g. in depictions of the lunar goddess, or in the headdress of
2556:
L' ultimo Et vero
Ritrato Di la vitoria de L'armata Cristiana de la santissima liga Contre a L'armata TurcheschĂ , 1571. Antonio Lafreri , Lâordine tenuto dallâarmata della santa Lega Christiana contro il Turcho , n'e seguita la felicissima Vittoria li sette d'Ottobre MDLXXI
1602:
2526:
2534:
2530:
1118:
by the
Islamic armies from at least the 13th century, although the scholarly consensus holds that the widespread use of the crescent in Islam develops later, during the 14th to 15th century. The use of such flags is reflected in the 14th-century
1415:
523:, where the word "increscent" refers to a crescent shape with its horns to the left, and "decrescent" refers to one with its horns to the right, while the word "crescent" on its own denotes a crescent shape with horns pointing upward.
1217:
crescent finials, both on ships and on fortresses depicted in the background, as well as some finials with stars or suns radiant, and in some cases a sun radiant combined with a crescent in the star-and-crescent configuration.
1638:
1384:
2609:"There is no more common error than the supposition that the crescent (or rather crescent and star) is an Islamic symbol, and even approved writers on Oriental subjects are apt to fall into it." James Hastings,
1536:), it is called "a crescent decrescent" (or "a decrescent"). A crescent with horns pointing down is called "a crescent reversed". Two crescents with horns pointing away from each other are called "addorsed".
511:). As seen from the northern hemisphere, the waxing Moon tends to appear with its horns pointing towards the left, and conversely the waning Moon with its horns pointing towards the right; the English word
1914:
2207:
On
December 14, 1992, the Army Chief of Chaplains requested that an insignia be created for future Muslim chaplains, and the design (a crescent) was completed January 8, 1993. Emerson, William K.,
1596:
and three crescents argent); no. 120: John Peche (gules, a crescent or, on a chief argent two mullets gules); no. 128: Rauf de
Stopeham (argent, two (of three) crescents and a canton gules).
2588:
30 (1942), p. 70., "many Muslim scholars reject using the crescent moon as a symbol of Islam. The faith of Islam historically had no symbol, and many refuse to accept it.", Fiaz Fazli,
2322:
1528:
since the 13th century. In heraldic terminology, the term "crescent" when used alone refers to a crescent with the horns pointing upward. A crescent with the horns pointing left (
1866:
2703:"Ihsanoglu urges international community to recognize state of Palestine at the United Nations, historic change of OIC logo and name to Organisation of the Islamic Cooperation"
1205:(1486) consistently depicts cities in the Holy Land with crescent finials. Flags with crescents appear to have been used on Ottoman vessels since at least the 16th century.
1345:
1091:, after the fall of Constantinople and her emigration to Italy, made a seal with her coat of arms which included "two lions holding above the crescent a cross or a sword".
825:, the virgin hunter goddess associated with the Moon. Numerous depictions show Artemis-Diana wearing the crescent Moon as part of her headdress. The related symbol of the
1465:
1067:, used arms with "a crescent of gold on a shade of azure, with a blazing star of eight points". Later, King Richard granted the same as the coat of arms of the city of
1449:
2243:
440:(shaded areas). Examples in the top row can be considered crescent shapes, because the lune does not contain the center of the original (right-most) circular disk.
1280:
1365:
886:
1859:
1812:
269:
1547:
Azure, a crescent moon argent pierced by an arrow fesswise Or all between in chief three mullets of six points and in base two mullets of six points argent
1213:
335:
lunar phase, "crescent" or "increscent" refers to the waxing first quarter, while the symbol representing the waning final quarter is called "decrescent".
2215:. Prior to its association with Islam, a crescent badge had already been used in the US military for the rank of commissary sergeant (Emerson 1996:261f).
1496:
2772:
1870:
214:
is often shown wearing a crescent moon on his head, symbolising his control over time, as well as his attributes of both creation and destruction.
1701:
2625:
2416:
2407:
1071:, in recognition of the significant involvement of soldiers, sailors, and vessels from Portsmouth in the conquest of Cyprus. This remains
847:
246:
2496:
1808:
symbol for subsistence items. The symbol is used on packaged foodstuffs but not on fresh produce or on items intended for resale.
866:
723:
674:
641:
2763:
1180:
was associated with the Moon in classical mythology. In reference to this, feminine jewelry representing crescents, especially
2728:
2611:
534:
as seen by the viewer appears in a different shape from what is generally termed a crescent in planar geometry: Assuming the
2643:
2584:"Like the Crusaders, the Christians of Europe were misled into a belief that the crescent was the religious symbol of Islam"
2189:
2179:
1895:
698:
550:
2246:. Florence, Italy: Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza (Institute and Museum of the History of Science). Archived from
2378:
1714:
is nicknamed "the
Crescent City", and a crescent (or crescent and star) is used to represent the city in official emblems.
2247:
2140:
1879:
1738:
1654:
917:
2839:
2819:
2635:
1726:
67:
480:
which intersect at two points. In a crescent, the enclosed shape does not include the center of the original disk.
273:
2776:
1288:
2286:
The new Moon at sunset and the old Moon at sunrise, when observed with horns pointing upward, is also known as "
1829:
2403:
1484:
2672:
2823:
1320:
1294:
While some
Islamic organisations since the 1970s have embraced the crescent as their logo or emblem (e.g.
301:
2858:
1272:
476:
with a portion of another disk removed from it, so that what remains is a shape enclosed by two circular
2702:
1532:) is called "a crescent increscent" (or simply "an increscent"), and when the horns are pointing right (
1094:
From its use in the
Sasanian Empire, the crescent also found its way into Islamic iconography after the
2384:
1886:
1816:
1309:
1671:
1305:
as a "common error" to which "even approved writers on
Oriental subjects" are prone as early as 1928.
2863:
2059:
A closing crescent is made by removing the overlapping part of a smaller circle from a larger circle.
1939:
1095:
20:
1616:(16th century). Its reversed crescent was taken up in the 20th-century municipal coats of arms of
546:
and a half-circle, with the major axis of the ellipse coinciding with a diameter of the semicircle.
2538:
2446:
1844:
1805:
1645:
1356:
1158:
1056:
961:
515:
may however refer to the shape regardless of its orientation, except for the technical language of
2569:
1717:
Crescents, often with faces, are found on numerous modern municipal coats of arms in Europe, e.g.
2151:
2079:
1960:
1693:
1121:
913:
830:
652:
409:
2122:
1835:
1689:
1625:
1538:
1296:
2477:
2212:
1559:
Per pale Or and sable, a crescent moon and in chief three mullets of six points counterchanged
2790:
2597:
2493:
2389:
2308:
2127:
1566:
1257:
980:
803:
655:
347:
250:
2269:
2026:
2021:
1964:
1064:
628:
332:
261:
1195:
592:
549:
Unicode encodes a crescent (increscent) at U+263D (âœ) and a decrescent at U+263E (âŸ). The
449:
8:
2474:
The
Crescent on the Temple: The Dome of the Rock as Image of the Ancient Jewish Sanctuary
2421:
2412:
2304:
2087:
1976:
1972:
1681:
1677:
1102:
is said to have hung two crescent-shaped ornaments captured from the Sasanian capital of
989:
417:
401:
218:
2756:
2273:
1629:
2327:
2011:
1794:
1352:
1189:
1134:
900:
814:
788:
535:
473:
413:
405:
1684:
representing the Moon. Use of a standalone crescent in flags is less common than the
412:(described with "the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars" in
369:, the personification of the Moon is shown with a crescent attached to her headdress.
2835:
2815:
2738:
2639:
2631:
2490:
Flags through the ages: A guide to the world of flags, banners, standards and ensigns
2185:
2016:
1685:
1519:
1395:
1391:
1221:
1209:
1177:
1111:
1040:
877:
834:
826:
822:
768:
764:
737:
377:
234:
226:
207:
47:
2868:
2732:
2685:
geteilt von Blau mit gestĂŒrztem goldenem Halbmond und von Gold mit zwei roten Rosen
1980:
1949:
1850:
1697:
1434:
1336:
1323:
is a circle flanked by a left facing and right facing crescent, which represents a
1154:
1060:
1028:
985:
945:
416:) The most well known representation of Mary as the Woman of the Apocalypse is the
222:
154:
116:
2721:
1959:
may also refer to objects with a shape reminiscent of the crescent shape, such as
929:
2878:
2873:
2500:
1968:
1801:
1525:
1426:
1052:
896:
857:
784:
772:
614:
469:
437:
433:
148:
58:
2737:
The origin is the crescent shape of the old city, hugging the East Bank of the
2400:
2113:
2095:
1328:
1302:
1138:
1088:
1048:
1044:
494:
477:
289:
2574:(in Turkish). Vol. 4. Istanbul: TĂŒrkiye Diyanet Vakfı. 1991. p. 298.
2233:
Neugebauer, Otto; Van Hoesen, H. B. (1987). Greek Horoscopes. pp. 1, 159, 163.
2852:
2627:
Walking in Two Worlds: The Relational Self in Theory, Practice, and Community
2542:
2132:
2108:
1475:
1422:
1406:
1375:
1313:
1275:
appears to have resulted in a gradual association of the crescent shape with
1265:
1233:
1225:
1165:
1126:
1115:
621:
599:
2687:("per fess azure a crescent reversed or and of the second two roses gules")
2155:
1722:
1268:
of Egypt, red with three white crescents, each accompanied by a white star.
1015:
The crescent remained in use as an emblem in the Sasanian Empire, used as a
489:
2006:
1925:
1742:
1251:
1078:
1001:
941:
921:
892:
807:
760:. The crescent and star also appears on pre-Islamic coins of South Arabia.
685:
539:
428:
1944:
1758:
1613:
952:
455:
An astronomically correct crescent shape (shaded area), complemented by a
38:
2750:
2513:
2031:
1984:
1820:
1750:
1711:
1705:
1617:
1582:
1456:
1229:
936:
741:
542:, the crescent Moon will actually appear as the figure bounded by a half-
389:
365:
328:
308:
192:
2050:
On an open crescent the tips are polar opposites on the orb of the moon.
380:
is preserved in the Moon (as symbolised by a crescent) representing the
1906:
1774:
1506:
1083:
1072:
1068:
957:
806:, was depicted with a crescent upon her head, often referred to as her
381:
313:
2260:
Maunder, A. S. D. (1934). "The origin of the symbols of the planets".
195:(as it appears in the northern hemisphere) in the first quarter (the "
2700:
In 2011 replaced with a logo showing a crescent engulfing the globe.
1993:
1921:
1746:
1734:
1542:(1605) has 48 coats of arms with one or more crescents, for example:
1324:
1284:
1237:
1201:
1103:
838:
613:
The crescent shape is used to represent the Moon, and the Moon deity
393:
359:
339:
242:
2811:
2593:
2323:
Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs
2287:
1778:
1244:
1036:
1020:
1005:
810:, and a major identifying feature of hers in ancient works of art.
745:
688:
hieroglyph representing the "moon with its lower half obscured (N9
520:
397:
1405:) shows a variety of naval flags with crescents attributed to the
2349:
1762:
1718:
1621:
1150:
1009:
996:
853:
818:
780:
757:
753:
749:
618:
596:
543:
457:
351:
238:
2356:
to the Sumerians), the crescent of Sin (Nanna), and the star of
2339:
Tombs and Moon Temple of Hureidah, Gertrude Caton Thompson, p.76
1593:
1168:
standing or sitting on a crescent develops in the 15th century.
526:
The shape of the lit side of a spherical body (most notably the
354:. The astrological use of the symbol is attested in early Greek
2361:
2357:
2145:
1790:
1770:
1766:
1754:
1730:
1609:
1503:
1371:
1181:
1032:
1024:
968:
873:
799:
776:
516:
373:
355:
343:
257:
230:
196:
188:
184:
1997:(the French form of the word) for the crescent-shaped pastry.
1232:(1757â1774) and its use became well-established during Sultan
708:
664:"moon" (with increscent and decrescent variants); variant N12
659:
172:
134:
2492:, (2000) section 'the Muslim crescent', cited by Ivan Sache,
1988:
1786:
1782:
1332:
1276:
1261:
1185:
1146:
1130:
1107:
338:
The crescent symbol was long used as a symbol of the Moon in
265:
211:
2537:). GrĂŒnenberg's pilgrimage took place still during the late
2290:" in English, in an expression loaned from Hawaiian culture.
1114:. The crescent appears to have been adopted as an emblem on
1933:
1142:
1099:
973:
527:
324:
200:
166:
128:
2309:
http://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~bprince/hr/foxdavies/index.htm
1648:(Holland and Brabant), around 1440, shows three crescents.
2364:
to the Sumerians)". Irving L. Finkel, Markham J. Geller,
2353:
2181:
Symbols in Arts, Religion and Culture: The Soul of Nature
1502:
A circle with an upward facing crescent representing the
1016:
779:(the planet Venus), often combined into a triad with the
531:
392:), and (Artemis-Diana being a virgin goddess) especially
385:
2209:
Encyclopedia of United States Army Insignia and Uniforms
1581:
Three examples of coats of arms with crescents from the
1063:
who ruled Cyprus until overthrown by the crusading King
2808:
Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary
2773:"iROCKET Learning Module: Glomerular Pathology, Case I"
530:) that appears to be less than half illuminated by the
323:
The crescent symbol is primarily used to represent the
2426:
2305:
https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft
1688:
combination. Crescents without stars are found in the
736:
The crescent was well used in the iconography of the
169:
160:
131:
122:
2673:
An Ordinary of Siebmacher's Wappenbuch (ellipsis.cx)
175:
163:
137:
125:
1039:in general) and was widely used (often alongside a
157:
119:
2783:
1291:of 1877/8, and it was officially adopted in 1929.
1283:appears to have been used as a replacement of the
199:moon"), or by extension a symbol representing the
2654:
2652:
2562:
2224:Alchemy and Symbols, By M. E. Glidewell, Epsilon.
1871:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
1811:Since 1993, the crescent has also been in use as
1553:Azure, an increscent and a decrescent addorsed Or
1184:, became popular in the early modern period. The
505:"to grow", technically denoting the waxing moon (
2850:
2630:. Zeig Tucker & Theisen Publishers. p. 148.
2624:Gilligan, Stephen G., and Simon, Dvorah (2004).
1250:(decree) from 1793 states that the ships in the
631:representing the Moon also had a crescent shape
2832:The Origins of Portsmouth and the First Charter
1702:flag of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1565:In English heraldry, the crescent is used as a
2649:
2348:"the three celestial emblems, the sun disk of
2184:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 338.
497:from the present participle of the Latin verb
2689:Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz
2463:(1959), p. 50, cited after Berger (2012:164).
2203:
2201:
1242:
1110:. The crescent also became the symbol of the
609:BC, showing the Moon god as a crescent symbol
2086: 'crescent-shaped ornaments'; from
2177:
1991:roughly forming a crescent shape), and the
1129:. Examples include the flags attributed to
713:, with a variant with a crescent shape N10
506:
499:
2330:, Oxford, 1957 (1st edition 1927), p. 486.
2198:
1228:symbol started during the reign of Sultan
1171:
1672:Star and crescent § Contemporary use
1660:Inverted crescent on Polish coat of arms.
247:veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
1943:
1374:lancers, early 16th century (etching by
1164:The Roman Catholic fashion of depicting
995:
979:
967:
951:
935:
912:
591:
427:
2366:Sumerian Gods and Their Representations
2259:
1308:The crescent was used on a flag of the
2851:
2764:rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
2303:(1909), p. 289. Online texts at
794:
408:, by the association of Mary with the
295:Sun and Moon with faces (1493 woodcut)
2829:
2432:
1271:The association of the crescent with
1192:" also wears a crescent on her head.
1019:regal or astrological symbol. In the
551:Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs
268:, and the crescent was introduced as
264:, it has also become associated with
960:, derived from the Medieval arms of
817:, the crescent became the symbol of
553:block provides variants with faces:
2707:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
2612:EncyclopĂŠdia of Religion and Ethics
1665:
1592:): No. 118: Willem FitzLel (sable
1075:'s coat of arms up to the present.
903:. Note the crescent above the arch.
837:and was also used as the emblem of
13:
2450:, Vol. XII, page 292, Athens, 1930
2178:Chwalkowski, Farrin (2016-12-14).
1983:(the fertile area of land between
1339:bears peculiar resemblance to it.
1023:it came to be associated with the
327:, not necessarily in a particular
312:of Sun and Moon in a 16th-century
14:
2890:
2094: 'crescent shape'; from
1431:A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs
2615:, Volumes 11-12 (1928), p. 145.
2545:) of control over the Holy Land.
1913:
1894:
1878:
1858:
1843:
1828:
1653:
1637:
1601:
1574:
1524:The crescent has been used as a
1495:
1483:
1464:
1448:
1414:
1383:
1364:
1344:
885:
865:
846:
744:in the 8th century BC as far as
587:
468:The crescent shape is a type of
448:
300:
288:
274:United States military chaplains
153:
115:
66:
57:
46:
37:
2744:
2694:
2678:
2665:
2618:
2603:
2578:
2548:
2519:
2514:Muslim Nubia (hubert-herald.nl)
2506:
2482:
2466:
2453:
2438:
2394:
2371:
2342:
2333:
2314:
2293:
1676:The crescent remains in use as
1555:(von Stoternheim, p. 146);
1421:A naval battle painting of the
1212:(1571), including the print by
617:from an early time, visible in
2280:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2171:
2072:
2053:
2044:
1934:Other things called "crescent"
1561:(von Bodenstein, p. 182).
1264:in 1805, introduced the first
908:
1:
2800:
2768:crescentic glomerulonephritis
2660:A complete guide to heraldry
2459:Oleg Grabar, "Umayyad Dome,"
1975:(crescent shaped scar of the
1586:
1438:
1399:
603:
472:, the latter consisting of a
372:Its ancient association with
2646:. Retrieved 03 January 2022.
2301:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
2037:
1490:Symbol of the Triple Goddess
920:of Madonna on the crescent (
709:
660:
564:FIRST QUARTER MOON WITH FACE
279:
233:. It was also the emblem of
7:
2729:"History of the NOPD Badge"
2658:Arthur Charles Fox-Davies,
2299:Arthur Charles Fox-Davies,
2000:
1920:Coat of arms of the 1st-54
1704:(1981) and the flag of the
1513:
1472:Portrait of a Lady as Diana
1055:by the later 13th century.
856:with horns, statuette from
783:. It was inherited both in
684:). In addition, there is a
577:LAST QUARTER MOON WITH FACE
331:. When used to represent a
10:
2895:
2385:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1937:
1887:Nationalist Movement Party
1669:
1517:
1314:Liberty (or Moultrie) Flag
1310:American Revolutionary War
813:In the iconography of the
715:
690:
666:
633:
582:
100:crescent art in roundabout
18:
2244:"Bianchini's planisphere"
2114:Dictionary.com Unabridged
1940:Crescent (disambiguation)
1743:Michelfeld (Angelbachtal)
1690:South Carolina state flag
1644:This coat of arms of the
1549:(von Hagen, p. 176);
1455:Madonna on the crescent,
1390:The painting of the 1571
1351:Triple crescent badge of
1220:The official adoption of
1096:Muslim conquest of Persia
21:Crescent (disambiguation)
2447:Great Greek Encyclopedia
2383:Roman Sarcophagi in the
2104:See e.g. the following:
2102: 'growing, waxing'.
2066:
1965:a type of solitaire game
1905:logo is painted on many
1806:US Department of Defense
1800:The crescent printed on
1301:symbol" is mentioned by
1087:of the Byzantine Empire
1057:Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus
962:Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus
423:
384:(as juxtaposed with the
249:, it is associated with
241:, and hence represented
2413:13213 (Selene, Luna 21)
2152:Oxford University Press
1765:(from the 16th-century
1694:All India Muslim League
1569:denoting a second son.
1279:in the 20th century. A
1240:(1789â1807) periods. A
1236:(1774â1789) and Sultan
1172:Early modern and modern
1122:Libro del Conoscimiento
1081:, daughter of the last
410:Woman of the Apocalypse
404:, the crescent entered
16:Symbol of a lunar phase
2834:. City of Portsmouth.
2422:13181 (Selene, Luna 4)
1952:
1836:Flag of South Carolina
1539:Siebmachers Wappenbuch
1297:Crescent International
1260:, who became Pasha of
1243:
1059:, the claimant to the
1012:
993:
977:
965:
949:
933:
829:was the emblem of the
610:
507:
500:
461:shape (unshaded area).
441:
342:, and by extension of
191:used to represent the
2830:Quail, Sarah (1994).
2779:on December 12, 2012.
2148:UK English Dictionary
2128:CollinsDictionary.com
1961:houses forming an arc
1947:
1670:Further information:
1518:Further information:
1459:church (17th century)
1208:Prints depicting the
999:
983:
971:
955:
939:
916:
624:as early as 2300 BC.
595:
431:
362:. In the 2nd-century
256:From its use as roof
251:Mary, mother of Jesus
2554:Agostino Barberigo,
2027:Astrological symbols
2022:Astronomical symbols
1979:of the kidney), the
1924:Battalion "TetuĂĄn" (
1608:Coat of arms of the
1065:Richard I of England
984:Coat of Arms of the
972:Flag of the town of
740:and was used by the
484:Persian kings, etc.
82:waxing crescent moon
19:For other uses, see
2571:Ä°slĂąm Ansiklopedisi
2274:1934Obs....57..238M
1973:glomerular crescent
1682:astronomical symbol
1678:astrological symbol
1312:and was called the
1287:as early as in the
1051:. It was used as a
990:Mecia de Viladestes
795:Classical antiquity
771:, representing the
767:also arises in the
763:The combination of
418:Virgin of Guadalupe
402:Christian symbolism
348:corresponding metal
225:, and hence as the
219:astrological symbol
2859:Phases of the Moon
2762:. It is a sign of
2671:Sara L. Uckelman,
2596:, September 2009,
2499:2016-03-22 at the
2368:, Styx, 1997, p71.
2328:Griffith Institute
2012:Lune (mathematics)
1953:
1353:Henry II of France
1319:The symbol of the
1273:the Ottoman Empire
1214:Agostino Barberigo
1200:Pilgrimage to the
1013:
994:
978:
966:
950:
934:
815:Hellenistic period
629:Egyptian logograph
611:
442:
406:Marian iconography
217:It is used as the
2806:Bell, Robert E.,
2791:"Renal Pathology"
2739:Mississippi River
2691:, vol. V, p. 243.
2644:978-1-932462-11-1
2444:Tipaldos, G. E.,
2435:, pp. 14â18.
2191:978-1-4438-5728-4
2017:Star and crescent
1819:chaplains in the
1696:(1906-1947), the
1686:star and crescent
1520:Star and crescent
1396:Tommaso Dolabella
1392:Battle of Lepanto
1289:Russo-Turkish War
1222:star and crescent
1210:Battle of Lepanto
1196:Conrad GrĂŒnenberg
1157:in 1339) and the
1112:Umayyad Caliphate
956:The City Flag of
878:Roman sarcophagus
835:Kingdom of Pontus
827:star and crescent
769:ancient Near East
765:star and crescent
738:ancient Near East
731:
730:
727:
726:
706:
705:
702:
701:
682:
681:
678:
677:
649:
648:
645:
644:
388:representing the
227:alchemical symbol
208:Hindu Iconography
2886:
2864:Heraldic charges
2845:
2824:Internet Archive
2795:
2794:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2775:. Archived from
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2731:. Archived from
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2698:
2692:
2682:
2676:
2669:
2663:
2656:
2647:
2622:
2616:
2607:
2601:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2566:
2560:
2552:
2546:
2523:
2517:
2510:
2504:
2503:, 11 March 2001
2486:
2480:
2472:Pamela Berger,
2470:
2464:
2457:
2451:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2398:
2392:
2375:
2369:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2326:. 3rd Ed., pub.
2318:
2312:
2297:
2291:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2154:. Archived from
2136:
2118:
2076:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2048:
1981:Fertile Crescent
1950:Fertile Crescent
1917:
1898:
1882:
1873:around the world
1862:
1851:Flag of Maldives
1847:
1832:
1698:flag of Maldives
1666:Contemporary use
1657:
1641:
1630:canton of ZĂŒrich
1605:
1591:
1588:
1578:
1499:
1487:
1468:
1452:
1443:
1440:
1435:Laureys a Castro
1418:
1404:
1401:
1387:
1368:
1357:ChĂąteau d'Ăcouen
1348:
1337:biohazard symbol
1254:have that flag.
1248:
1159:Mamluks of Egypt
1155:Angelino Dulcert
1061:Byzantine Empire
1029:Byzantine Empire
986:Mamluks of Egypt
946:Angelino Dulcert
889:
869:
860:-era Mesopotamia
850:
720:
719:
716:
712:
695:
694:
691:
671:
670:
667:
663:
638:
637:
634:
608:
605:
578:
575:
572:
570:
565:
562:
559:
557:
510:
503:
452:
382:female principle
333:waxing or waning
304:
292:
182:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
152:
144:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
94:closing crescent
70:
61:
50:
41:
31:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2849:
2848:
2842:
2803:
2798:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2771:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2683:
2679:
2670:
2666:
2662:(1909), p. 289.
2657:
2650:
2623:
2619:
2608:
2604:
2583:
2579:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2549:
2524:
2520:
2511:
2507:
2501:Wayback Machine
2487:
2483:
2471:
2467:
2458:
2454:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2399:
2395:
2376:
2372:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2320:A.H. Gardiner,
2319:
2315:
2298:
2294:
2285:
2281:
2262:The Observatory
2253:
2251:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2176:
2172:
2161:
2159:
2139:
2121:
2107:
2103:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2003:
1969:Crescent Nebula
1942:
1936:
1929:
1918:
1909:
1899:
1890:
1883:
1874:
1863:
1854:
1848:
1839:
1833:
1802:military ration
1769:coat of arms);
1674:
1668:
1661:
1658:
1649:
1642:
1633:
1606:
1597:
1589:
1579:
1526:heraldic charge
1522:
1516:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1488:
1479:
1469:
1460:
1453:
1444:
1441:
1427:Ottoman Algiers
1419:
1410:
1402:
1388:
1379:
1369:
1360:
1349:
1335:archetype. The
1174:
1153:(documented by
1053:heraldic charge
932:, 15th century)
911:
904:
901:pre-Islamic era
897:Sasanian Empire
890:
881:
870:
861:
851:
833:dynasty in the
797:
606:
590:
585:
576:
573:
568:
567:
563:
560:
555:
554:
466:
465:
464:
463:
462:
453:
438:planar geometry
426:
321:
320:
319:
318:
317:
305:
297:
296:
293:
282:
262:Ottoman mosques
156:
147:
146:
118:
114:
107:
106:
105:
104:
103:
73:
72:
71:
63:
62:
53:
52:
51:
43:
42:
33:
32:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2892:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2847:
2846:
2840:
2827:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2782:
2755:
2743:
2735:on 2013-07-24.
2720:
2709:. 28 June 2011
2693:
2677:
2664:
2648:
2617:
2602:
2586:Islamic Review
2577:
2561:
2547:
2533:), Jerusalem (
2525:so for Jaffa (
2518:
2505:
2481:
2465:
2461:Ars orientalis
2452:
2437:
2425:
2401:British Museum
2393:
2370:
2341:
2332:
2313:
2292:
2279:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2197:
2190:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2137:
2119:
2117:(Online). n.d.
2080:Middle English
2070:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2052:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1938:Main article:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1900:
1893:
1891:
1885:Symbol of the
1884:
1877:
1875:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1827:
1813:chaplain badge
1700:(1965), the
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1646:Divorde family
1643:
1636:
1634:
1607:
1600:
1598:
1580:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1445:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1407:Ottoman Empire
1389:
1382:
1380:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1350:
1343:
1321:Triple Goddess
1303:James Hastings
1173:
1170:
1116:military flags
1089:Loukas Notaras
1045:Crusader seals
910:
907:
906:
905:
891:
884:
882:
871:
864:
862:
852:
845:
796:
793:
729:
728:
725:
724:
704:
703:
700:
699:
680:
679:
676:
675:
647:
646:
643:
642:
622:cylinder seals
589:
586:
584:
581:
495:etymologically
454:
447:
446:
445:
444:
443:
425:
422:
390:male principle
374:Ishtar/Astarte
306:
299:
298:
294:
287:
286:
285:
284:
283:
281:
278:
270:chaplain badge
102:
101:
95:
89:
83:
76:
75:
74:
65:
64:
56:
55:
54:
45:
44:
36:
35:
34:
28:
27:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2891:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2843:
2841:0-901559-92-X
2837:
2833:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2820:0-87436-581-3
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2792:
2786:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2766:(also called
2765:
2759:
2752:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2674:
2668:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2636:1-932462-11-2
2633:
2629:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2543:Burji dynasty
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2515:
2509:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:Znamierowski
2485:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2462:
2456:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2404:1923,0401.199
2402:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2289:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2250:on 2009-10-30
2249:
2245:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2158:on 2021-10-22
2157:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2133:HarperCollins
2130:
2129:
2124:
2120:
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2115:
2110:
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2105:
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2097:
2093:
2089:
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2075:
2071:
2056:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1804:boxes is the
1803:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1707:
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1679:
1673:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1612:bailiwick of
1611:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1584:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1554:
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1535:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1508:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1476:Pompeo Batoni
1473:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:Barbary state
1417:
1412:
1408:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1376:Daniel Hopfer
1373:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
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1311:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1266:national flag
1263:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1235:
1234:Abdul Hamid I
1231:
1227:
1226:Ottoman state
1223:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1188:card of the "
1187:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:Catalan Atlas
1124:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
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1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
991:
987:
982:
975:
970:
963:
959:
954:
947:
943:
938:
931:
930:René of Anjou
927:
923:
919:
915:
902:
898:
894:
888:
883:
880:(3rd century)
879:
875:
868:
863:
859:
855:
849:
844:
843:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
792:
791:iconography.
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
722:
721:
718:
717:
714:
711:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
687:
673:
672:
669:
668:
665:
662:
657:
654:
640:
639:
636:
635:
632:
630:
625:
623:
620:
616:
601:
600:cylinder seal
598:
594:
588:Early history
580:
552:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
509:
508:luna crescens
504:
502:
496:
492:
491:
485:
481:
479:
475:
474:circular disk
471:
460:
459:
451:
439:
435:
430:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
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379:
375:
370:
368:
367:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
315:
311:
310:
303:
291:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
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252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
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209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
180:
150:
142:
112:
99:
96:
93:
90:
88:open crescent
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
69:
60:
49:
40:
22:
2831:
2807:
2785:
2777:the original
2767:
2758:
2746:
2733:the original
2723:
2711:. Retrieved
2706:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2667:
2659:
2626:
2620:
2610:
2605:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2570:
2564:
2559:, Rome, 1571
2555:
2550:
2521:
2508:
2489:
2484:
2473:
2468:
2460:
2455:
2445:
2440:
2428:
2417:
2408:
2396:
2382:
2373:
2365:
2344:
2335:
2321:
2316:
2300:
2295:
2282:
2265:
2261:
2252:. Retrieved
2248:the original
2238:
2229:
2220:
2208:
2180:
2173:
2160:. Retrieved
2156:the original
2144:
2126:
2112:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2074:
2055:
2046:
2007:Barkhan dune
1992:
1956:
1954:
1926:Spanish Army
1902:
1810:
1799:
1716:
1710:
1675:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1471:
1430:
1318:
1307:
1295:
1293:
1281:Red Crescent
1270:
1258:Muhammad Ali
1256:
1252:Ottoman navy
1241:
1219:
1207:
1199:
1194:
1176:The goddess
1175:
1163:
1120:
1093:
1082:
1079:Anna Notaras
1077:
1014:
944:as shown in
942:Golden Horde
940:Flag of the
925:
922:Rohan Master
893:Taq-e Bostan
812:
804:moon goddess
798:
762:
735:
732:
707:
686:19th-dynasty
683:
650:
626:
612:
548:
540:great circle
525:
512:
498:
488:
486:
482:
467:
456:
432:Examples of
371:
364:Bianchini's
363:
337:
322:
307:
255:
216:
205:
110:
108:
98:Lower right:
97:
91:
85:
79:
2751:MIL STD 129
2388:, 1978, p.
2377:Bell, s.v.
2268:: 238â247.
2032:Lunar phase
1985:Mesopotamia
1907:Boeing 787s
1821:US military
1751:Switzerland
1727:Dettighofen
1712:New Orleans
1706:Arab League
1618:Niederglatt
1590: 1270
1583:Dering Roll
1457:Bad Waldsee
1442: 1681
1403: 1632
1230:Mustafa III
1017:Zoroastrian
948:'s 1339 map
909:Middle Ages
895:, from the
831:Mithradates
789:Hellenistic
742:Phoenicians
607: 2400
493:is derived
396:and female
366:planisphere
358:containing
329:lunar phase
309:Hierosgamos
272:for Muslim
193:lunar phase
92:Lower left:
2853:Categories
2801:References
2753:, FM 55-17
2713:25 January
2592:magazine,
2529:), Raman (
2433:Quail 1994
2254:2010-03-19
2162:2022-09-02
2141:"crescent"
2123:"crescent"
2109:"crescent"
2088:Old French
1903:Dreamliner
1775:Katzenthal
1723:Bönnigheim
1567:difference
1507:Horned God
1084:megas doux
1073:Portsmouth
1069:Portsmouth
992:map (1413)
958:Portsmouth
781:solar disk
752:in modern
538:lies on a
536:terminator
414:Revelation
360:horoscopes
316:manuscript
314:alchemical
86:Top right:
2211:(1996),
2092:creissant
2084:cressaunt
2078:from
2038:Footnotes
1994:croissant
1977:glomeruli
1955:The term
1922:Regulares
1889:of Turkey
1759:DĂ€ttlikon
1747:Waldbronn
1735:Jesenwang
1285:Red Cross
1238:Selim III
1202:Holy Land
1104:Ctesiphon
918:Miniature
839:Byzantium
785:Sassanian
615:Nanna/Sin
574:🌜
561:🌛
517:blazoning
487:The word
394:virginity
340:astrology
280:Symbolism
276:in 1993.
243:virginity
80:Top left:
2812:ABC-CLIO
2594:Srinagar
2590:Crescent
2497:Archived
2476:(2012),
2288:wet moon
2100:crÄscÄns
2001:See also
1957:crescent
1779:Mortcerf
1739:KarstÀdt
1692:(1861),
1534:sinister
1514:Heraldry
1245:buyruldu
1125:and the
1037:Outremer
1021:Crusades
1006:Drogheda
872:Bust of
858:Seleucid
746:Carthage
653:Gardiner
619:Akkadian
602:, dated
597:Sumerian
521:heraldry
519:used in
513:crescent
501:crescere
490:crescent
398:chastity
346:(as the
223:the Moon
203:itself.
111:crescent
30:Crescent
2869:Artemis
2535:35v-36r
2531:31v-32r
2478:p. 164f
2350:Shamash
2270:Bibcode
2213:p. 269f
1869:of the
1763:Neerach
1719:Germany
1622:Neerach
1594:crusily
1478:(1760s)
1429:titled
1224:as the
1198:in his
1182:diadems
1166:Madonna
1151:Dongola
1135:Tlemcen
1106:in the
1010:Ireland
899:of the
854:Astarte
819:Artemis
758:Algeria
754:Tunisia
750:Numidia
583:History
569:U+1F31C
556:U+1F31B
544:ellipse
458:gibbous
352:alchemy
239:Artemis
183:) is a
113:shape (
2879:Selene
2874:Inanna
2838:
2818:
2814:1991,
2675:(2014)
2642:
2634:
2539:Mamluk
2379:Selene
2362:Inanna
2358:Ishtar
2188:
2146:Lexico
1867:emblem
1853:(1965)
1838:(1861)
1817:Muslim
1791:Sweden
1771:France
1767:Neuamt
1755:Boswil
1731:Dogern
1626:Stadel
1614:ZĂŒrich
1610:Neuamt
1530:dexter
1504:Wiccan
1372:Mamluk
1329:mother
1325:maiden
1190:Popess
1033:Levant
1031:, the
1025:Orient
874:Selene
802:, the
800:Selene
777:Ishtar
571:
558:
356:papyri
344:Silver
258:finial
231:silver
197:sickle
189:emblem
185:symbol
2598:p. 42
2541:era (
2098:
2096:Latin
2090:
2082:
2067:Notes
1989:Egypt
1795:Trosa
1787:Qormi
1783:Malta
1333:crone
1277:Islam
1262:Egypt
1186:tarot
1178:Diana
1147:Nubia
1139:Tunis
1131:Gabes
1108:Kaaba
1049:coins
1043:) in
1027:(the
1000:Town
976:today
926:Hours
876:on a
823:Diana
808:horns
434:lunes
424:Shape
400:. In
378:Diana
350:) in
266:Islam
245:. In
235:Diana
212:Shiva
151:also
2836:ISBN
2816:ISBN
2715:2016
2640:ISBN
2632:ISBN
2494:FOTW
2418:LIMC
2409:LIMC
2186:ISBN
1987:and
1948:The
1901:The
1865:The
1815:for
1680:and
1624:and
1331:and
1145:,
1143:Buda
1141:and
1100:Umar
1047:and
1041:star
1035:and
1002:arms
974:Azak
787:and
775:and
773:Moon
756:and
748:and
661:ıÍê„áž„
627:The
566:and
528:Moon
478:arcs
470:lune
376:and
325:Moon
229:for
221:for
201:Moon
2770:).
2527:29r
2354:Utu
2307:or
1749:;
1474:by
1433:by
1425:of
1394:by
1004:of
988:in
928:of
733:).
710:psáž
656:N11
532:Sun
436:in
386:Sun
260:in
206:In
187:or
2855::
2822:.
2810:,
2705:.
2651:^
2638:,
2415:;
2406:;
2390:35
2381:;
2266:57
2264:.
2200:^
2150:.
2143:.
2131:.
2125:.
2111:.
1971:,
1967:,
1963:,
1823:.
1797:.
1793::
1789:;
1785::
1781:;
1777:,
1773::
1761:,
1757:,
1753::
1745:,
1741:,
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1733:,
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1708:.
1632:).
1620:,
1587:c.
1439:c.
1437:,
1400:c.
1327:,
1316:.
1161:.
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1133:,
1098:.
1008:,
924:,
841:.
658:,
604:c.
579:.
420:.
253:.
210:,
173:Én
149:UK
145:,
135:Én
109:A
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176:t
170:z
167:É
164:r
161:k
158:Ë
155:/
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138:t
132:s
129:É
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123:k
120:Ë
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