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And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS. This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.
250:'s appearance. Herod sends the Magi to Bethlehem, telling them to notify him when they find the child. After the Magi find Jesus and present their gifts, having been warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they returned to their country by a different way.
1378:" rather than "Hebrew". (Aramaic, which was closely related to Hebrew, had become a common vernacular of the Jews by this period. Hebrew was in decline, but would continue to be spoken in the region until the beginning of the 3rd century CE.) However,
402:
Pilate seeks to release Jesus, but the Jews object, saying: "If thou release this man, thou art not Caesar's friend: every one that maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar", bringing the power of Caesar to the forefront of the discussion. In
1419:
Only some of the extant early Greek manuscripts of Luke’s Gospel include the reference to the languages in verse 23:38. This variance may be a result of later copyists adding to Luke to harmonize that Gospel with the text of John 19:20. The
1159:
441:
In the New
Testament, the "King of the Jews" title is used only by the gentiles, by the Magi, Pontius Pilate, and Roman soldiers. In contrast, the Jewish leaders prefer the designation "King of Israel" as in
360:
states that the Jews told Pilate: "Do not write King of the Jews" but instead write that Jesus had merely claimed that title, but Pilate wrote it anyway. Pilate's response to the protest is recorded by John:
293:
is used on three occasions. In the first such episode, all four
Gospels state that the title was used for Jesus when he was interviewed by Pilate and that his crucifixion was based on that charge, as in
1394:) is used to mean Aramaic. Other than the word itself, there is no direct evidence in the verse as to whether Hebrew or Aramaic is meant and translations of the verse which render
414:
after the death of Jesus was thus not without risk, for this term could have opened them to prosecution as followers of Jesus, who was accused of possible rebellion against Rome.
584:, occasionally carved directly into the cross and usually just above the head of Jesus. The initialism INRI (as opposed to the full inscription) was in use by the 10th century (
938:(literally "for more/greater insult"), which idiomatically means "to add insult to injury" or "to make matters worse". Its origin is sometimes made clearer by capitalisation
1254:
1707:, chpt. 5: "The same goes for the note in Luke 23, 38 that the inscription on the cross was given in three languages: included by scribe A, deleted by Ca and absent in
1235:
1212:
1144:
1174:
1128:
1281:
433:, the Jewish priests mock Jesus as "King of Israel", saying: "He is the King of Israel; let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe in him."
461:
the distinction between King of the Jews and King of Israel is made consciously, setting apart the two uses of the term by the Jews and the gentiles.
2102:
450:. From Pilate's perspective, it is the term "King" (regardless of Jews or Israel) that is sensitive, for it implies possible rebellion against the
2550:
1330:
2262:
1046:
For since Intra Nobis Regnum deI , all things are in
Ourself, and all Spiritual Experience is a more of less complete Revelation of Him .
2541:
2079:
1112:) receives a value of 3343 whose digits seem to correspond to a suggested date for the crucifixion of Jesus, (33, April, 3rd day).
573:, most crucifixes and many depictions of the crucifixion of Jesus include a plaque or parchment placed above his head, called a
235:) ask him: "Where is he that is born King of the Jews?" Herod asks the "chief priests and teachers of the law", who tell him in
2478:
2008:
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1968:
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In the New
Testament, Pilate writes "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews" as a sign to be affixed to the cross of Jesus.
898:
And a superscription also was written over Him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
345:, Jesus responds to Pilate, "you have said so" when asked if Jesus is the King of the Jews and says nothing further. In
2396:
2274:
2020:
2488:
2438:
2415:
2230:
2112:
2091:
1941:
1920:
194:
353:, he states: "My kingdom is not of this world". However, Jesus does not directly deny being the King of the Jews.
755:
740:
2642:
2652:
2534:
750:
745:
653:, "The King of Glory"), not implying that this was really what was written but reflecting the tradition that
1197:
342:
1398:
as
Aramaic are reliant on assumptions made outside of the text to justify it, rather than the text itself.
546:
2138:
526:
states that this was written in three languages – Aramaic-Hebrew, Latin, and Greek – and was put on the
398:
by the
Judeans to press charges against Jesus is a key element of the final decision to crucify him. In
380:
2621:
2616:
1421:
1181:
443:
430:
418:
384:
270:
243:
122:
101:
Both uses of the title lead to dramatic results in the New
Testament accounts. In the account of the
2527:
1166:
821:
688:
661:
388:
447:
404:
399:
346:
2662:
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601:
375:
Jesus as the King of Jews by putting a purple robe (that signifies royal status) on him, place a
313:
30:
2384:
425:
and has been nailed to the cross, the soldiers look up on him on the cross, mock him, offer him
2457:
2191:
368:
2426:
2342:
2241:
2170:
1979:
2363:
2319:
2296:
2285:
2220:
2159:
2058:
2034:
1931:
1891:
914:
574:
470:
362:
262:
1265:
349:, he hints that the king accusation did not originate with Pilate but with "others" and, in
2657:
2647:
2601:
597:
570:
134:
17:
8:
1312:
1204:
608:
558:
2611:
2596:
2519:
1076:
interpreting INRI as "Iron Nails Ran In". The same meaning is given by a character in
1011:
887:
411:
190:
114:
2431:
Tendenzen Europäischer
Linguistik: Akten des 31. Linguistischen Kolloquiums, Bern 1996
429:
and say: "If thou art the King of the Jews, save thyself." In the parallel account in
2505:
2484:
2463:
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2411:
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1995:
1985:
1964:
1947:
1937:
1916:
1897:
1737:
1408:
317:
Acronyms for "Jesus of
Nazareth, King of the Jews" written in three languages (as in
258:
247:
220:
106:
102:
892:
And set up over His head His accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS
2054:
2030:
1425:
1027:
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920:
605:
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372:
286:
130:
126:
55:
51:
47:
2172:
The Nets of
Modernism: Henry James, Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and Sigmund Freud
1088:
translations preserve "INRI" and make a new misinterpretation, such as the French
2566:
2499:
1708:
1320:
1291:
1068:
998:
672:
376:
322:
228:
167:
118:
35:
895:
And the superscription of His accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
2576:
2480:
The Journey From Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible
2140:
How to Distinguish the Saints in Art by Their Costumes, Symbols, and Attributes
1335:
1242:
617:
550:
458:
182:
171:
147:
2287:
Storia degli scavi di Roma e notizie intorno le collezioni romane di antichità
476:
162:), which in English translates to "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews", and
2636:
2448:
2211:
1999:
1059:
578:
295:
224:
174:(ΙΝΒΙ = Ιησούς Ναζωραίος Βασιλεύς Ιουδαίων)—during the crucifixion of Jesus.
159:
133:, the title "King of the Jews" leads to charges against Jesus that result in
110:
63:
39:
2427:"Language Games in Translation: Etymological Reinterpretation of Hierograms"
1951:
929:
denotes any insulting or mocking word or phrase; it is usually found in the
269:). When Herod realizes he has been outwitted by the Magi he gives orders to
2365:
Exploring the Texture of Texts: A Guide to Socio-Rhetorical Interpretations
1424:(NIV) translation and 43 of the 63 translations of Luke 23:38 assembled by
1039:
1023:
956:
664:
uses INRI, since abbreviation in Romanian is exactly the same as in Latin (
451:
341:
to accuse Jesus are central to the discussion between Jesus and Pilate. In
274:
266:
254:
186:
2320:"'Weighing the point': A Few Points on the Writing of Finitude in Ulysses"
1218:
A Latin crucifix with a stylized INRI plaque attached, in cornfields near
1165:
Jesus with a royal purple robe mocked and beaten as the King of the Jews,
518:), which in English translates to "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews" (
2586:
2267:
The Challenge of Bible Translation: Communicating God's Word to the World
2124:
1383:
1371:
1241:
INRI plaque attached to Crucifix and Calvary statue on the north side of
1135:
1073:
1063:
1019:
952:
232:
214:
210:
75:
2389:
Jesus' Last Week, Jerusalem Studies in the Synoptic Gospels — Volume One
1893:
Metamorphosis: The Transfiguration in Byzantine Theology and Iconography
407:, the Jews then cry out: "Crucify him! ... We have no king but Caesar."
2013:
The Cambridge History of Judaism Vol. IV: The Late Roman-Rabinic Period
1712:
585:
527:
523:
519:
357:
350:
318:
307:
163:
155:
2591:
1151:
1103:
1077:
1035:
948:
648:
636:
612:
537:
487:
303:
299:
236:
79:
242:
The question troubles Herod who considers the title his own, and in
1180:
Jesus, on the cross, is mocked in Calvary as the King of the Jews,
483:
198:
88:
84:
2122:
Crowley, Aleister (March 1909). "The Temple of Solomon the King".
193:". Although the phrase "King of the Jews" is used in most English
177:
The title "King of the Jews" is only used in the New Testament by
2265:. In Scorgie, Glen G.; Strauss, Mark L.; Voth, Steven M. (eds.).
1763:
1375:
1325:
1306:
1227:
960:
947:
The initials INRI have been reinterpreted with other expansions (
491:
426:
422:
178:
2246:. Ironside Expository Commentaries Series. Kregel Publications.
2080:"Hebraisti in Ancient Texts: Does ἑβραϊστί Ever Mean 'Aramaic'?"
1134:
The Magi visit Herod to ask about the newborn King of the Jews,
273:
in Bethlehem and its vicinity who are two years old and under. (
2606:
2344:
Modernist Fiction and Vagueness: Philosophy, Form, and Language
1611:
1493:
1491:
1246:
1223:
1219:
657:
depict the spiritual reality rather than the physical reality.
530:. The Greek version of the initialism reads ΙΝΒΙ, representing
495:
189:
soldiers. In contrast, the Jewish leaders use the designation "
2554:
2387:. In Notley, R. Steven; Turnage, Marc; Becker, Brian (eds.).
1640:
1638:
1150:
Pilate, trying and handing over Jesus, the King of the Jews,
988:
826:
786:
779:
772:
765:
682:
67:
1488:
2433:. Linguistiche Arbeiten. Vol. 381. Walter de Gruyter.
1866:
1539:
1062:, the nominally Catholic, ethnically Jewish protagonist of
704:
654:
74:, both at the beginning of his life and at the end. In the
1635:
1503:
2263:"Translating John's Gospel: Challenges and Opportunities"
992:
197:, it has also been translated "King of the Judeans" (see
2549:
1515:
1459:
1457:
1842:
1674:
1575:
1527:
1830:
1818:
1794:
1782:
1650:
1551:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
973:("by fire, nature renews itself"); other sources have
2036:
The Gospel and Epistles of John: A Concise Commentary
1963:. The Art of the Critic. Vol. 9. Chelsea House.
1718:
1686:
1623:
1599:
1563:
1454:
702:
676:
436:
2385:"Spoken and Literary Languages in the Time of Jesus"
2132:(1). London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent: 160.
2084:
The Language Environment of 1st Century Judea Vol. 2
1854:
1806:
1662:
1442:
1302:
1018:
Later writers have attributed these to Freemasonry,
1587:
1469:
629:. Some representations change the title to "ΙΝΒΚ,"
246:he questions the Magi about the exact time of the
1107:
642:
630:
624:
531:
93:
2634:
2501:The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity
1981:SCM studyguide to the books of the New Testament
1056:literally means "Inside Us the Kingdom of god".
623:, based on the Greek version of the inscription
166:states that this was written in three languages—
2196:. Grand Rapids, Mich: William B. Eerdmans Pub.
545:Devotional enthusiasm greeted the discovery by
27:Title of Jesus referred to in the New Testament
2082:. In Buth, Randall; Notley, R. Steven (eds.).
1331:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
719:
410:The use of the term "King of the Jews" by the
394:The continued reliance on the use of the term
125:. Towards the end of the accounts of all four
2535:
2408:The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew
2060:Introduction to the New Testament Christology
1913:The Incarnate God: The Feasts of Jesus Christ
939:
933:
924:
696:
421:. Here, after Jesus has carried the cross to
2504:. History e-book project. Humanities Press.
2455:
2424:
2260:
1889:
1872:
1644:
1617:
1509:
1089:
1001:
955:, Marcello Reghellini de Schio alleged that
539:Iēsoûs ho Nazōraîos ho basileús tôn Ioudaíōn
280:
1051:
1038:, supposedly written by "Frater P." of the
982:
974:
968:
513:
507:
469:"INRI" redirects here. For other uses, see
417:The final use of the title only appears in
337:and the role of the Jews in using the term
2542:
2528:
2077:
1497:
814:Iēsûs ho Nazōraêos ho basileùs tôn Iudaéōn
788:Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
767:οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
713:
626:Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεύς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
533:Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεύς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
379:on his head, and beat and mistreat him in
2317:
2100:
1936:. Mystic, CT: Twenty-Third Publications.
1848:
1704:
799:hûtós estin Iēsûs ho basileùs tôn Iudaéōn
486:, displays the lettering in Greek: ΙΝΒΙ (
2283:
2239:
2161:Esprit du dogme de la Franche-Maçonnerie
2157:
1910:
1788:
1680:
1656:
1581:
1358:
1356:
866:Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews
475:
367:After the trial by Pilate and after the
312:
29:
2462:. Presbyterian Publishing Corporation.
2361:
2340:
2290:(in Italian). Vol. I. E. Loescher.
2168:
2136:
2121:
1836:
1824:
1800:
1738:"Luke 23:38 (all English translations)"
1629:
1533:
1407:See range of translations assembled at
591:
564:
553:, said to have been brought to Rome by
154:) represents the Latin inscription (in
113:who come from the east call Jesus the "
14:
2635:
2476:
2405:
2382:
2294:
2218:
2189:
2158:de Schio, Marcello Reghellini (1825).
2143:. New York: Art Culture Publications.
2006:
1977:
1860:
1724:
1692:
1605:
1545:
1521:
1482:
1463:
1448:
363:"What I have written, I have written."
2523:
2497:
2053:
2029:
1958:
1812:
1668:
1593:
1557:
1353:
1275:, National Gallery of Art, Washington
908:
549:in 1492 of what was acclaimed as the
2078:Buth, Randall; Pierce, Chad (2014).
1929:
1770:(in Spanish). Real Academia Española
1756:
1569:
1428:omit any reference to the languages.
1401:
857:This is Jesus, the King of the Jews
693:І҆и҃съ назѡрѧни́нъ, цр҃ь і҆ꙋде́йскїй
1010:, "water, fire, wind, earth" — the
1002:
671:Eastern Orthodox Churches that use
24:
2164:(in French). Brussels: H. Tarlier.
1120:
666:Iisus Nazarineanul Regele Iudeilor
641:, "The King of the World"), or to
437:King of the Jews vs King of Israel
204:
25:
2674:
2456:Strecker, G.; Horn, F.W. (2000).
2261:Köstenberger, Andreas J. (2009).
1896:. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
1768:Diccionario de la lengua española
506:represents the Latin inscription
1915:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press.
1386:at this time to mean Hebrew and
1305:
1280:
1253:
1234:
1211:
1196:
1189:
1173:
1158:
1143:
1127:
464:
1730:
1413:
78:of the New Testament, e.g., in
2425:Szczerbowski, Tadeusz (1998).
2347:. Cambridge University Press.
2175:. Cambridge University Press.
2015:. Cambridge University Press.
1094:"he makes us innocent again".
1032:The Temple of Solomon the King
976:Igne Natura Renovando Integrat
515:Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum
223:in the Gospel of Matthew, the
152:Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum
13:
1:
2459:Theology of the New Testament
2324:Reading Joycean Temporalities
1374:word used in John 19:20, as "
1341:
1269:
970:Igne Natura Renovatur Integra
848:Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudæorum
809:ho basileùs tôn Iudaéōn hûtos
781:ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων οὗτος
687:, the equivalent of ΙΝΒΙ for
577:, or title, bearing only the
2429:. In Strässler, Jürg (ed.).
2222:Studies in Early Christology
2011:. In Katz, Steven T. (ed.).
1911:Aslanoff, Catherine (2005).
1435:
1288:iesus nazarenus rex iudæorum
1097:
884:
869:
863:This is the King of the Jews
852:
818:
793:
760:
735:
649:
637:
538:
509:IESVS NAZARENVS REX IVDÆORVM
257:in a dream and warns him to
7:
2410:. Vol. 1. M. Glazier.
2009:"Aramaic in Late Antiquity"
1298:
984:Igne Nitrum Roris Invenitur
703:
683:
490:of Holy Trinity Monastery,
10:
2679:
1882:
1115:
1108:
1008:Yammīm, Nūr, Rūaḥ, Yabešet
912:
833:Hic est Iesus rex Iudæorum
822:Vulgata Xystina-Clementina
787:
780:
773:
766:
643:
631:
625:
532:
468:
208:
129:, in the narrative of the
94:
2562:
2318:Mihálycsa, Erika (2017).
2101:Cresswell, Peter (2013).
2007:Breuer, Yochanan (2006).
1890:Andreopoulos, A. (2005).
1422:New International Version
1362:Some translations render
1034:includes a discussion of
697:
692:
677:
547:Pedro González de Mendoza
508:
281:In the Passion narratives
142:
123:Massacre of the Innocents
2477:Wegner, Paul D. (2004).
1961:Middle twentieth century
1618:Strecker & Horn 2000
1382:is consistently used in
1346:
1091:Il Nous Refait Innocents
662:Romanian Orthodox Church
2406:Senior, Donald (1985).
2383:Safrai, Shmuel (2006).
2368:. Bloomsbury Academic.
2341:Quigley, Megan (2015).
2284:Lanciani, R.A. (1902).
2240:Ironside, H.A. (2006).
2219:Hengel, Martin (2004).
2063:. Bloomsbury Academic.
804:ho basileùs tôn Iudaéōn
774:ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
714:Versions in the gospels
602:Eastern Orthodox Church
285:In the accounts of the
2362:Robbins, V.K. (1996).
2190:France, R. T. (2007).
2169:Ellmann, Maud (2010).
2104:The Invention of Jesus
1959:Bloom, Harold (1989).
1930:Binz, Stephen (2004).
1498:Buth & Pierce 2014
1090:
1053:Intra Nobis Regnum deI
1052:
983:
975:
969:
951:). In an 1825 book on
940:
934:
925:
695:) or the abbreviation
638:ho Basileùs toû kósmou
514:
499:
371:episode, the soldiers
369:flagellation of Christ
326:
219:In the account of the
181:, namely by the Magi,
151:
70:is referred to as the
59:
50:and beaten during his
2643:Christian terminology
2193:The Gospel of Matthew
1984:. London: SCM Press.
1548:, pp. 43 and 83.
1262:The Small Crucifixion
1109:βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
1072:, remembers his wife
915:INRI (disambiguation)
881:Hebrew, Latin, Greek
675:in their liturgy use
650:ho Basileùs tês Dóxēs
632:ὁ βασιλεύς τοῦ κόσμου
588:, Cologne, ca. 970).
479:
471:INRI (disambiguation)
329:The use of the terms
316:
231:in Jerusalem and (in
209:Further information:
95:βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
82:, this is written as
33:
2653:Crucifixion of Jesus
2557:in the New Testament
2137:De Bles, A. (1925).
2039:. Liturgical Press.
1978:Boxall, Ian (2007).
1003:ימים, נור, רוח, יבשת
878:Hebrew, Latin, Greek
860:The King of the Jews
843:Hic est rex Iudæorum
710:, "King of Glory").
644:ὁ βασιλεύς τῆς Δόξης
598:Eastern Christianity
592:Eastern Christianity
571:Western Christianity
565:Western Christianity
253:An angel appears to
2295:McBain, Ed (2017).
1524:, pp. 457–458.
1500:, pp. 107–109.
1313:Christianity portal
1290:on the side of the
1205:Isenheim Altarpiece
935:para más/mayor inri
854:English translation
609:particular churches
559:Emperor Constantine
36:crowned with thorns
2597:Light of the World
2498:Weiss, R. (1969).
2483:. Baker Academic.
1933:The names of Jesus
1620:, p. 375–376.
1266:Matthias Grünewald
1106:, the Greek term (
995:is found by fire")
909:Other uses of INRI
500:
327:
60:
2630:
2629:
2511:978-80-13-01950-9
2469:978-0-664-22336-6
2375:978-1-56338-183-6
2354:978-1-316-19566-6
2333:978-90-04-34251-4
2310:978-1-78854-045-2
2253:978-0-8254-9619-6
2225:. A&C Black.
2203:978-0-8028-2501-8
2182:978-1-139-49338-3
2150:978-0-8103-4125-8
2070:978-0-8264-7190-1
2046:978-0-8146-1283-5
1991:978-0-334-04047-7
1970:978-0-87754-502-6
1903:978-0-88141-295-6
1873:Szczerbowski 1998
1645:Andreopoulos 2005
1572:, pp. 81–82.
1560:, pp. 78–79.
1536:, pp. 76–77.
1510:Köstenberger 2009
906:
905:
762:Greek Inscription
271:kill all the boys
248:Star of Bethlehem
221:nativity of Jesus
127:canonical Gospels
107:Gospel of Matthew
103:nativity of Jesus
16:(Redirected from
2670:
2602:Logos (The Word)
2592:Last/Second Adam
2582:King of the Jews
2577:Christ (Messiah)
2544:
2537:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2494:
2473:
2452:
2421:
2402:
2379:
2358:
2337:
2314:
2303:. Head of Zeus.
2291:
2280:
2257:
2236:
2215:
2186:
2165:
2154:
2133:
2118:
2097:
2074:
2050:
2026:
2003:
1974:
1955:
1926:
1907:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1742:BibleGateway.com
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1486:
1480:
1467:
1461:
1452:
1446:
1429:
1426:BibleGateway.com
1417:
1411:
1409:BibleGateway.com
1405:
1399:
1360:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1289:
1284:
1274:
1271:
1257:
1238:
1215:
1200:
1177:
1162:
1147:
1131:
1111:
1110:
1093:
1055:
1028:Aleister Crowley
1005:
1004:
986:
978:
972:
943:
937:
931:fixed expression
928:
790:
789:
783:
782:
776:
775:
769:
768:
718:
717:
709:
700:
699:
694:
686:
680:
679:
652:
646:
645:
640:
634:
633:
628:
627:
606:Eastern Catholic
541:
535:
534:
517:
511:
510:
481:Eastern Orthodox
381:Matthew 27:29–30
321:) on the cross,
291:King of the Jews
287:Passion of Jesus
131:Passion of Jesus
115:King of the Jews
97:
96:
72:King of the Jews
44:King of the Jews
21:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2567:Alpha and Omega
2558:
2548:
2518:
2512:
2491:
2470:
2441:
2418:
2399:
2376:
2355:
2334:
2311:
2277:
2254:
2233:
2204:
2183:
2151:
2115:
2094:
2071:
2047:
2023:
1992:
1971:
1944:
1923:
1904:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1744:. HarperCollins
1736:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1709:Codex Vaticanus
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1470:
1466:, p. 1048.
1462:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1418:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1321:Christ the King
1311:
1304:
1301:
1294:
1292:Sagrada Familia
1287:
1285:
1276:
1272:
1258:
1249:
1239:
1230:
1216:
1207:
1201:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1139:
1132:
1123:
1121:Biblical scenes
1118:
1100:
917:
911:
795:Transliteration
716:
689:Church Slavonic
673:Church Slavonic
594:
567:
502:The initialism
474:
467:
439:
377:Crown of Thorns
323:Ellwangen Abbey
283:
217:
207:
205:In the nativity
140:The initialism
135:his crucifixion
119:Herod the Great
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2676:
2666:
2665:
2663:Pontius Pilate
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2495:
2489:
2474:
2468:
2453:
2439:
2422:
2416:
2403:
2398:978-9004147904
2397:
2380:
2374:
2359:
2353:
2338:
2332:
2315:
2309:
2292:
2281:
2276:978-0310321859
2275:
2258:
2252:
2237:
2231:
2216:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2166:
2155:
2149:
2134:
2119:
2113:
2098:
2092:
2075:
2069:
2051:
2045:
2027:
2022:978-0521772488
2021:
2004:
1990:
1975:
1969:
1956:
1942:
1927:
1921:
1908:
1902:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:, p. 221.
1865:
1853:
1849:Mihálycsa 2017
1841:
1839:, p. 128.
1829:
1827:, p. 164.
1817:
1815:, p. 335.
1805:
1803:, p. 160.
1793:
1781:
1755:
1729:
1727:, p. 226.
1717:
1705:Cresswell 2013
1697:
1695:, p. 225.
1685:
1683:, p. 124.
1673:
1671:, p. 102.
1661:
1649:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1608:, p. 124.
1598:
1586:
1584:, p. 454.
1574:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1512:, p. 350.
1502:
1487:
1468:
1453:
1451:, p. 125.
1440:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1412:
1400:
1384:Koine Hellenic
1372:Koine Hellenic
1351:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1336:Titulus Crucis
1333:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1264:, painting by
1259:
1252:
1250:
1243:Charles Bridge
1240:
1233:
1231:
1217:
1210:
1208:
1203:INRI from the
1202:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1099:
1096:
1080:'s 1975 novel
1048:
1047:
1016:
1015:
996:
979:
910:
907:
904:
903:
899:
896:
893:
890:
886:Full verse in
883:
882:
879:
876:
874:
872:
868:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
851:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
817:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
792:
791:
784:
777:
770:
763:
759:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
734:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
715:
712:
593:
590:
566:
563:
528:cross of Jesus
466:
463:
459:Gospel of Mark
438:
435:
282:
279:
206:
203:
183:Pontius Pilate
76:Koine Hellenic
54:, depicted by
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2675:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Lord (Kyrios)
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Bread of Life
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2490:9780801027994
2486:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2440:9783110913767
2436:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2417:0-89453-460-2
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:. Zondervan.
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2232:0-567-04280-4
2228:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2120:
2116:
2114:9781780286211
2110:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2093:9789004264410
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1943:1-58595-315-6
1939:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1922:0-88141-130-2
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1874:
1869:
1863:, p. 65.
1862:
1857:
1851:, p. 61.
1850:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1826:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1791:, p. 12.
1790:
1789:de Schio 1825
1785:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1682:
1681:Aslanoff 2005
1677:
1670:
1665:
1659:, p. 89.
1658:
1657:Lanciani 1902
1653:
1647:, p. 26.
1646:
1641:
1639:
1632:, p. 32.
1631:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1607:
1602:
1596:, p. 93.
1595:
1590:
1583:
1582:Ironside 2006
1578:
1571:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1485:, p. 46.
1484:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1278:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1190:INRI examples
1183:
1182:Luke 23:36–37
1176:
1171:
1168:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1113:
1105:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1060:Leopold Bloom
1057:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1012:four elements
1009:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
985:
980:
977:
971:
966:
965:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
942:
941:para más INRI
936:
932:
927:
922:
916:
900:
897:
894:
891:
889:
885:
880:
877:
875:
873:
870:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
828:
824:
823:
819:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
794:
785:
778:
771:
764:
761:
757:
756:John 19:19–20
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
741:Matthew 27:37
739:
736:
731:
728:
725:
722:
720:
711:
708:
706:
690:
685:
674:
669:
667:
663:
658:
656:
651:
639:
622:
619:
618:Greek letters
615:
614:
610:
607:
603:
599:
589:
587:
583:
580:
579:Latin letters
576:
572:
562:
560:
556:
552:
551:actual tablet
548:
543:
540:
529:
525:
521:
516:
505:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
478:
472:
465:INRI and ΙΝΒΙ
462:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
444:Matthew 27:42
434:
432:
431:Matthew 27:42
428:
424:
420:
419:Luke 23:36–37
415:
413:
408:
406:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
385:Mark 15:17–19
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
364:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
324:
320:
315:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:Matthew 27:11
292:
288:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
244:Matthew 2:7–8
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:Biblical Magi
222:
216:
212:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
170:, Latin, and
169:
168:Jewish tongue
165:
161:
160:Matthew 27:37
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:to order the
120:
116:
112:
111:Biblical Magi
108:
104:
99:
91:
90:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
64:New Testament
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:Tyrian purple
37:
32:
19:
2581:
2500:
2479:
2458:
2430:
2407:
2388:
2364:
2343:
2323:
2300:
2286:
2266:
2242:
2221:
2192:
2171:
2160:
2139:
2129:
2123:
2103:
2083:
2059:
2035:
2012:
1980:
1960:
1932:
1912:
1892:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1837:Quigley 2015
1832:
1825:Ellmann 2010
1820:
1808:
1801:Crowley 1909
1796:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1767:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1741:
1732:
1720:
1700:
1688:
1676:
1664:
1652:
1630:De Bles 1925
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1534:Robbins 1996
1529:
1517:
1505:
1444:
1415:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1367:
1363:
1261:
1101:
1085:
1081:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1031:
1024:neo-paganism
1017:
1007:
959:gave "INRI"
957:Rosicrucians
946:
918:
847:
842:
838:Rex Iudæorum
837:
832:
820:
813:
808:
803:
798:
670:
665:
659:
620:
611:
595:
581:
568:
557:, mother of
555:Saint Helena
544:
503:
501:
456:
452:Roman Empire
440:
416:
412:early Church
409:
395:
393:
366:
355:
338:
334:
330:
328:
290:
289:, the title
284:
275:Matthew 2:16
267:Matthew 2:13
265:into Egypt (
252:
241:
218:
195:translations
176:
141:
139:
100:
83:
71:
61:
43:
42:robe as the
2658:Eschatology
2648:Christology
2587:Lamb of God
2125:The Equinox
2107:. Watkins.
2055:Brown, R.E.
2031:Brown, R.E.
1861:McBain 2017
1725:Wegner 2004
1693:Safrai 2006
1606:Senior 1985
1546:France 2007
1522:Breuer 2006
1483:Hengel 2004
1464:France 2007
1449:Boxall 2007
1273: 1510
1167:John 19:2–3
1136:Matthew 2:2
1074:Molly Bloom
1064:James Joyce
1020:Hermeticism
953:Freemasonry
923:, the word
698:Царь Сла́вы
600:, both the
389:John 19:2–3
233:Matthew 2:2
215:Matthew 2:8
211:Matthew 2:7
117:", causing
56:van Baburen
2637:Categories
2622:Son of man
2617:Son of God
2297:"Part Two"
1813:Bloom 1989
1669:Weiss 1969
1594:Brown 1988
1558:Brown 1994
1342:References
1260:Detail of
963:meanings:
961:alchemical
949:backronyms
913:See also:
751:Luke 23:38
746:Mark 15:26
586:Gero Cross
524:John 19:20
520:John 19:19
448:Mark 15:32
405:John 19:12
400:John 19:12
358:John 19:21
351:John 18:36
347:John 18:34
319:John 19:20
308:John 18:33
259:take Jesus
239:of Judea.
229:King Herod
185:, and the
164:John 19:20
156:John 19:19
2449:0344-6727
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2326:. Brill.
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2000:171110263
1570:Binz 2004
1436:Citations
1368:Hebraisti
1152:Mark 15:2
1104:isopsephy
1098:Isopsephy
1078:Ed McBain
1036:Augoeides
871:Languages
613:sui iuris
343:Mark 15:2
325:, Germany
304:Luke 23:3
300:Mark 15:2
237:Bethlehem
80:John 19:3
2612:Almighty
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1952:56392998
1774:16 March
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1299:See also
723:Matthew
616:use the
604:and the
484:crucifix
199:Ioudaioi
179:gentiles
172:Hellenic
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1883:Sources
1392:Syristi
1388:Συριστί
1376:Aramaic
1370:), the
1326:Ichthys
1228:Austria
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1086:Ulysses
1084:. Most
1069:Ulysses
981:Latin
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575:titulus
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488:Trapeza
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967:Latin
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1082:Doors
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989:nitre
827:Latin
737:Verse
732:John
729:Luke
726:Mark
707:Slávy
684:INTsI
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2445:ISSN
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