31:
53:
517:
463:
652:
346:
306:
705:
639:
738:
Norton. Results from introductions vary, and studies of long-term effects are lacking, but in some areas, the effects on pests have been successful; Siricidae populations have been strongly limited. They are most effective in combination with other parasitoid organisms, such as
261:
Their large size is a typical and obvious characteristic in the family, with lengths up to 30 mm (1.2 in). The following distinct features are diagnostic characters, based on research by
Ronquist and Liu and Nordlander.
729:
have been introduced to South
America, Australia, and New Zealand, sometimes to control previous accidentally introduced Siricidae species parasitizing economically important pine forests. Species used are, for example,
1410:
1009:
1566:"The attraction of Tremex apicalis (Hymenoptera, Siricidae, Tremecinae) and its parasitoid Ibalia japonica (Hymenoptera, Ibaliidae) to the fungus Cerrena unicolor"
1490:
958:
975:
941:
1110:
992:
2399:
1444:
Göran
Nordlander, Zhiwei Liu & Fredrik Ronquist (1996). "Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cynipoid wasp family Ibaliidae (Hymenoptera)".
1284:
2444:
1564:
Kuramitsu, Kazumu; Ishihara, Teruhito; Sugita, Aki; Yooboon, Thitaree; Lustig, Barry; Matsumori, Yuko; Yamada, Hideo; Kinoshita, Natsuko (2019-02-25).
1408:
Zhiwei Liu & Göran
Nordlander (1994). "Review of the family Ibaliidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) with keys to the genera and species of the World".
1267:
1161:
1059:
2354:
2174:
2117:
1199:
1144:
1127:
821:
597:
585:
250:
2409:
1233:
1216:
3284:
2304:
1076:
2472:
2434:
2349:
2194:
1250:
856:
196:
3323:
2694:
2454:
2419:
2309:
933:
691:
173:
2932:
1051:
775:
686:
681:
611:
The larva lives it in its first instars as an endoparasite, and later exits the host and lives on the remaining host tissues. The primary
2477:
676:
809:. Phylogenetic analyses have indicated the Ibaliidae have spread from the eastern Palearctic and northern Asian regions in the early
3258:
3297:
1519:"Chemical information from the fungus Amylostereum areolatum and host-foraging behaviour in the parasitoid Ibalia leucospoides"
1655:
1622:
3302:
3237:
1614:
3328:
3250:
3310:
1518:
3167:
3154:
3405:
279:
3377:
3172:
52:
3338:
1648:
188:
283:
3364:
1611:
The Sirex
Woodwasp and its Fungal Symbiont: Research and Management of a Worldwide Invasive Pest
274:
consists of 11 segments, while the male antenna consists of 13 segments. A large portion of the
3410:
3107:
3359:
3289:
1446:
1370:
3351:
3206:
1641:
1368:
Fredrik
Ronquist (1995). "Phylogeny and early evolution of the Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)".
8:
3400:
3145:
1301:
764:
752:
591:
39:
1546:
1503:
1463:
1387:
1383:
47:
3346:
3193:
2537:
2369:
2052:
1618:
1587:
1538:
1534:
1459:
271:
124:
1550:
1467:
1391:
2790:
2722:
2522:
2079:
1830:
1577:
1530:
1499:
1455:
1443:
1419:
1379:
784:
760:
202:
616:
30:
3198:
3159:
2751:
2252:
2155:
2061:
1763:
1747:
3315:
3245:
3232:
3130:
2947:
2699:
2572:
2487:
2449:
2339:
2329:
2324:
2260:
2199:
2130:
2089:
2069:
2029:
2000:
1795:
1633:
794:
3394:
3064:
3028:
3020:
2704:
2527:
2507:
2467:
2439:
2099:
2074:
2037:
2016:
1822:
1591:
1542:
1093:
709:
516:
462:
299:
295:
291:
1423:
651:
345:
3090:
3051:
2952:
2914:
2897:
2663:
2626:
2618:
2512:
2502:
2492:
2404:
2374:
2270:
2242:
2222:
2204:
2042:
1885:
1877:
1835:
1708:
1609:". In Bernard Slippers, Peter de Groot & Michael John Wingfield (ed.).
3271:
3139:
2937:
2919:
2824:
2803:
2777:
2689:
2676:
2608:
2600:
2590:
2582:
2424:
2414:
2394:
2344:
2334:
2294:
2237:
2214:
2189:
2179:
2145:
2094:
1856:
1779:
1665:
1582:
1565:
825:
572:
218:
104:
290:
is large in females. An apical tubular process is present on the second
282:
processes. The marginal cell of the forewing is elongated and thin. The
3185:
3059:
3043:
3035:
3024:
3016:
2995:
2942:
2819:
2811:
2769:
2743:
2671:
2551:
2517:
2429:
2389:
2379:
2364:
2227:
2109:
2084:
2008:
1972:
1848:
1771:
1517:
MartĂnez, AndrĂ©s S.; FernĂĄndezâArhex, Valeria; Corley, Juan C. (2006).
896:
817:
810:
802:
697:
246:
245:, with a total of 20 species, and is a sister group to the rest of the
230:
226:
222:
163:
134:
305:
3276:
3219:
3012:
3008:
2962:
2927:
2853:
2845:
2832:
2782:
2756:
2714:
2684:
2564:
2559:
2532:
2497:
2482:
2384:
2359:
2314:
2286:
2232:
2184:
2135:
2122:
1927:
1919:
1898:
1696:
1684:
833:
829:
638:
602:
580:
576:
238:
84:
64:
3263:
3101:
1488:
Borries (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae), a parasite of siricid woodwasps".
3224:
3180:
3124:
2957:
2730:
2640:
2459:
2299:
1948:
1906:
1864:
1814:
1808:
1787:
1719:
1702:
740:
275:
114:
2887:
2733:(paper wasps, potter wasps, pollen wasps, yellowjackets, hornets)
1755:
1407:
704:
3003:
2319:
1690:
1678:
1191:
1039:
789:
769:
763:
is the only specimen reported to be naturally occurring in the
671:
665:
624:
620:
612:
605:
287:
183:
94:
74:
1563:
3372:
3211:
2162:
1516:
806:
780:
241:. The Ibaliidae comprise three extant genera of fairly large
773:
is the most widespread and diverse genus, with the subgenus
2895:
816:
An insect-parasitic life mode is probably ancestral in the
628:
542:
523:
286:
is long and pronouncedly compressed laterally. The seventh
242:
234:
1605:
E. Alan
Cameron (2011). "Parasitoids in the management of
2979:
2874:
2866:
278:
is well developed, called the dorsal pronotal area, with
1491:
701:, but both also parasitize wood-boring Siricidae.
270:The genae are swollen and pronounced. The female
3392:
1663:
1367:
1604:
1483:
820:families, and the Ibaliidae are placed next to
689:larvae. Few details are known about the genera
623:, the appendages are lost. Until the terminal
566:
1649:
746:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
404:
359:
336:
1479:
1477:
615:is polypodeiform with paired appendages on
422:
366:
1656:
1642:
1363:
1361:
575:through the oviposition shafts created by
29:
1581:
1430:
321:with Ibaliidae characteristics marked out
1484:J. P. Spradbery (1970). "The biology of
1474:
703:
650:
637:
434:
373:
304:
1358:
3393:
751:The Ibaliidae are concentrated to the
3106:
3105:
1637:
1403:
1401:
488:
469:
392:
352:
3378:6600CF74-FFC9-EA19-FF23-CEE918FA372B
3339:1de6f7ec-34a9-4078-af2d-1b240333f7dc
3251:8ea8cc7a-dfc3-4fe6-91d5-a760072c8959
669:differ in host choice, the subgenus
579:, and the egg is deposited inside a
225:. Ibaliidae differ from most of the
548:Tubular process on second tarsomere
13:
1504:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1970.tb00707.x
1411:Insect Systematics & Evolution
1398:
1384:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1995.tb00099.x
619:1â12, and in the second to fourth
608:in the siricid has been observed.
14:
3422:
1535:10.1111/j.1365-3032.2006.00523.x
1460:10.1046/j.1365-3113.1996.d01-4.x
515:
461:
344:
315:
51:
2835:(sapygid, or club-horned wasps)
1570:Journal of Hymenoptera Research
720:
1598:
1557:
1510:
675:parasitizes coniferous-living
256:
1:
3054:(mason bees, leafcutter bees)
1352:
725:Several species in the genus
601:Matsumura, host detection by
298:is short, no longer than the
685:parasitizes hardwood-living
512:
458:
341:
312:, note the compressed gaster
7:
571:The female lays the egg by
567:Reproduction and parasitism
249:except the small subfamily
10:
3427:
747:Distribution and evolution
217:are a small family of the
3114:
3085:
2978:
2886:
2865:
2844:
2802:
2768:
2742:
2713:
2662:
2639:
2617:
2599:
2581:
2550:
2269:
2251:
2213:
2154:
2108:
2060:
2051:
2028:
1999:
1970:
1947:
1918:
1897:
1876:
1847:
1821:
1807:
1746:
1742:
1717:
1673:
1298:
1281:
1264:
1247:
1230:
1213:
1196:
1184:
1158:
1141:
1124:
1107:
1090:
1073:
1056:
1044:
1032:
1006:
989:
972:
955:
938:
926:
919:
893:
886:
879:
852:
845:
159:
154:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
1523:Physiological Entomology
755:, the single species in
679:larvae and the subgenus
631:is gradually decreased.
1838:(web-spinning sawflies)
1424:10.1163/187631294X00153
824:, as a sister group to
265:
2965:(thread-waisted wasps)
2793:(sierolomorphid wasps)
2725:(rhopalosomatid wasps)
1930:(parasitic wood wasps)
717:
656:
646:
583:larva. In the species
313:
3360:Paleobiology Database
1447:Systematic Entomology
1371:Systematic Entomology
707:
663:The two subgenera of
654:
641:
308:
294:of the hind leg. The
3246:Fauna Europaea (new)
1617:. pp. 103â117.
1583:10.3897/jhr.68.30372
410:Dorsal pronotal area
237:larvae in the group
229:by the larvae being
1774:(cimbicid sawflies)
765:Southern Hemisphere
753:Northern Hemisphere
732:Ibalia leucospoides
715:Ibalia leucospoides
592:Ibalia leucospoides
428:Scutellar processes
323:
310:Ibalia leucospoides
40:Ibalia leucospoides
1859:(cedar wood wasps)
1782:(conifer sawflies)
718:
657:
647:
595:(Hochenwarth) and
316:
314:
3406:Apocrita families
3388:
3387:
3347:Open Tree of Life
3108:Taxon identifiers
3099:
3098:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3032:
2999:
2989:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2923:
2922:(cockroach wasps)
2908:
2878:
2857:
2836:
2828:
2815:
2794:
2791:Sierolomorphidae
2786:
2760:
2734:
2726:
2723:Rhopalosomatidae
2680:
2635:
2634:
2568:
2546:
2545:
2538:Trichogrammatidae
2463:
2400:Eutrichosomatidae
2370:Epichrysomallidae
2290:
2280:
2168:
2126:
2053:Proctotrupomorpha
2020:
2019:(ichneumon wasps)
2012:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1910:
1889:
1868:
1860:
1839:
1799:
1798:(common sawflies)
1791:
1790:(pergid sawflies)
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1624:978-94-007-1959-0
1349:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1173:
1172:
1021:
1020:
908:
907:
868:
867:
661:
660:
564:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
552:
551:
506:
505:
502:
501:
498:
497:
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
414:
413:
322:
211:
210:
205:
191:
179:
169:
150:
125:Proctotrupomorpha
3418:
3381:
3380:
3368:
3367:
3355:
3354:
3342:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3319:
3318:
3316:NBNSYS0000160219
3306:
3305:
3293:
3292:
3280:
3279:
3267:
3266:
3254:
3253:
3241:
3240:
3228:
3227:
3215:
3214:
3202:
3201:
3189:
3188:
3176:
3175:
3163:
3162:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3103:
3102:
3053:
3045:
3038:(plasterer bees)
3037:
3006:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2975:
2964:
2921:
2907:
2906:
2905:(sphecoid wasps)
2902:
2893:
2892:
2876:
2855:
2834:
2826:
2813:
2792:
2784:
2758:
2732:
2724:
2678:
2660:
2659:
2566:
2523:Tanaostigmatidae
2461:
2445:Melanosomellidae
2288:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2124:
2080:Neuroscelionidae
2058:
2057:
2018:
2010:
1997:
1996:
1968:
1967:
1929:
1908:
1887:
1866:
1858:
1837:
1831:Megalodontesidae
1797:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1764:Blasticotomidae
1758:(argid sawflies)
1757:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1585:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1498:(7â9): 104â113.
1481:
1472:
1471:
1441:
1428:
1427:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1365:
1187:
1186:
1111:I. kalimantanica
1047:
1046:
1035:
1034:
929:
928:
922:
921:
889:
888:
882:
881:
848:
847:
840:
839:
785:Palearctic realm
783:and the eastern
779:concentrated in
761:Papua New Guinea
634:
633:
627:, the remaining
544:
538:
537:
534:
533:
525:
520:
519:
510:
509:
490:
484:
483:
480:
479:
471:
466:
465:
456:
455:
440:Transverse crest
436:
424:
418:
417:
406:
394:
388:
387:
384:
383:
375:
368:
361:
354:
349:
348:
339:
338:
324:
317:
200:
187:
177:
167:
148:
56:
55:
33:
21:
20:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3376:
3371:
3363:
3358:
3350:
3345:
3337:
3335:
3327:
3322:
3314:
3309:
3301:
3296:
3288:
3283:
3275:
3270:
3262:
3257:
3249:
3244:
3236:
3231:
3223:
3218:
3210:
3205:
3197:
3192:
3184:
3179:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3110:
3100:
3095:
3069:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2970:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2882:
2861:
2856:(scoliid wasps)
2840:
2798:
2764:
2759:(tiphiid wasps)
2752:Bradynobaenidae
2738:
2709:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2631:
2613:
2595:
2577:
2542:
2355:Cynipencyrtidae
2277:(chalcid wasps)
2276:
2275:
2273:
2265:
2253:Mymarommatoidea
2247:
2209:
2175:Proctorenyxidae
2160:
2159:
2156:Proctotrupoidea
2150:
2118:Austrocynipidae
2104:
2062:Platygastroidea
2047:
2024:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1935:
1914:
1909:(stem sawflies)
1893:
1872:
1843:
1817:
1803:
1796:Tenthredinidae
1766:(fern sawflies)
1748:Tenthredinoidea
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1713:
1669:
1662:
1632:
1625:
1603:
1599:
1562:
1558:
1515:
1511:
1486:Ibalia drewensi
1482:
1475:
1442:
1431:
1406:
1399:
1366:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1302:I. leucospoides
1174:
1022:
909:
869:
822:Austrocynipidae
801:only occurs in
793:in the western
749:
723:
655:Ibaliidae larva
598:Ibalia japonica
586:Ibalia drewseni
569:
545:
528:
527:
526:
514:
491:
474:
473:
472:
460:
437:
425:
407:
395:
378:
377:
376:
370:
369:
363:
362:
356:
355:
343:
268:
259:
251:Austrocynipidae
147:
50:
17:
16:Family of wasps
12:
11:
5:
3424:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3369:
3356:
3343:
3333:
3320:
3307:
3294:
3281:
3268:
3255:
3242:
3233:Fauna Europaea
3229:
3216:
3203:
3190:
3177:
3164:
3151:
3136:
3120:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3049:
3041:
3033:
3029:stingless bees
3021:carpenter bees
3001:
2992:
2990:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2948:Pemphredonidae
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2827:(spider wasps)
2822:
2817:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2788:
2785:(flower wasps)
2780:
2774:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2728:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2700:Sclerogibbidae
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2679:(cuckoo wasps)
2674:
2668:
2666:
2657:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2573:Gasteruptiidae
2570:
2567:(ensign wasps)
2562:
2556:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2488:Pelecinellidae
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2457:
2452:
2450:Metapelmatidae
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2410:Hetreulophidae
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2340:Chrysolampidae
2337:
2332:
2330:Chalcedectidae
2327:
2325:Cerocephalidae
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2261:Mymarommatidae
2257:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2200:Proctotrupidae
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Diplolepididae
2128:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2090:Platygastridae
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2070:Geoscelionidae
2066:
2064:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2030:Ceraphronoidea
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:Ichneumonidae
2014:
2005:
2003:
2001:Ichneumonoidea
1994:
1965:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1882:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1737:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1607:Sirex noctilio
1597:
1556:
1529:(4): 336â340.
1509:
1473:
1454:(2): 151â166.
1429:
1418:(6): 377â392.
1397:
1378:(4): 309â335.
1356:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:I. rufficollis
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:H. aureopilosa
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
954:
951:
950:
947:
946:
937:
927:
925:
920:
918:
915:
914:
911:
910:
906:
905:
902:
901:
892:
887:
885:
880:
878:
875:
874:
871:
870:
866:
865:
862:
861:
851:
846:
844:
838:
795:Nearctic realm
748:
745:
722:
719:
659:
658:
648:
643:Ibalia rufipes
568:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
541:
530:
529:
522:
521:
513:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
487:
476:
475:
468:
467:
459:
453:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
438:
433:
430:
429:
426:
421:
415:
412:
411:
408:
403:
400:
399:
396:
391:
380:
379:
372:
371:
365:
364:
358:
357:
351:
350:
342:
335:
334:
331:
328:
319:Ibalia rufipes
267:
264:
258:
255:
209:
208:
207:
206:
192:
180:
170:
157:
156:
152:
151:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3423:
3412:
3411:Endoparasites
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3066:
3065:Stenotritidae
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3052:Megachilidae
3050:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2814:(velvet ants)
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2705:Scolebythidae
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2638:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2619:Trigonaloidea
2616:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:Tetracampidae
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Signiphoridae
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:Neanastatidae
2466:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Megastigmidae
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Baeomorphidae
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2100:Sparasionidae
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:Janzenellidae
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:Ceraphronidae
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1946:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1886:Xiphydriidae
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1878:Xiphydrioidea
1875:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1836:Pamphiliidae
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1823:Pamphilioidea
1820:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1716:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
994:
987:
986:
983:
982:
979:
978:
977:
970:
969:
966:
965:
962:
961:
960:
959:H. nishijimai
953:
952:
949:
948:
945:
944:
943:
936:
935:
931:
930:
924:
923:
917:
916:
913:
912:
904:
903:
900:
899:
898:
891:
890:
884:
883:
877:
876:
873:
872:
864:
863:
860:
859:
858:
850:
849:
842:
841:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
782:
778:
777:
772:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
744:
742:
737:
733:
728:
716:
712:
711:
710:Sirex cyaneus
706:
702:
700:
699:
694:
693:
688:
684:
683:
678:
674:
673:
668:
667:
653:
649:
644:
640:
636:
635:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
604:
600:
599:
594:
593:
588:
587:
582:
578:
574:
547:
540:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
518:
511:
508:
494:Marginal cell
493:
486:
485:
482:
481:
478:
477:
464:
457:
454:
439:
432:
431:
427:
420:
419:
416:
409:
402:
401:
398:Swollen genae
397:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
347:
340:
337:
332:
329:
326:
325:
320:
311:
307:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
263:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
204:
199:
198:
193:
190:
186:
185:
181:
176:
175:
171:
166:
165:
161:
160:
158:
153:
149:Thomson, 1862
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
131:Superfamily:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3115:
3091:Unicalcarida
3046:(sweat bees)
2998:(mason bees)
2953:Philanthidae
2920:Ampulicidae
2915:Ammoplanidae
2898:Spheciformes
2896:
2677:Chrysididae
2664:Chrysidoidea
2627:Trigonalidae
2601:Megalyroidea
2583:Stephanoidea
2513:Spalangiidae
2503:Pteromalidae
2493:Perilampidae
2473:Neodiparidae
2462:(fairyflies)
2435:Macromesidae
2405:Herbertiidae
2375:Eucharitidae
2350:Coelocybidae
2271:Chalcidoidea
2243:Monomachidae
2223:Austroniidae
2205:Vanhorniidae
2195:Peradeniidae
2140:
2125:(gall wasps)
2043:Megaspilidae
1971:
1888:(wood wasps)
1857:Anaxyelidae
1780:Diprionidae
1718:
1709:Holometabola
1707:Superorder:
1701:Infraclass:
1666:Hymenopteran
1610:
1606:
1600:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1495:
1489:
1485:
1451:
1445:
1415:
1409:
1375:
1369:
1300:
1299:
1283:
1282:
1268:I. arizonica
1266:
1265:
1249:
1248:
1232:
1231:
1215:
1214:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1162:I. mirabilis
1160:
1159:
1143:
1142:
1126:
1125:
1109:
1108:
1092:
1091:
1075:
1074:
1060:I. jakowlewi
1058:
1057:
1050:
1038:
1008:
1007:
991:
990:
976:H. divergens
974:
973:
957:
956:
942:H. confluens
940:
939:
932:
895:
894:
857:Archaeibalia
855:
853:
815:
798:
788:
774:
768:
756:
750:
735:
731:
726:
724:
721:Pest control
714:
708:
696:
690:
680:
670:
664:
662:
642:
610:
596:
590:
584:
570:
333:Hind tarsus
318:
309:
269:
260:
221:superfamily
219:hymenopteran
214:
212:
197:Archaeibalia
195:
182:
172:
162:
144:
121:Infraorder:
38:
18:
3272:iNaturalist
3140:Wikispecies
3044:Halictidae
3036:Colletidae
3025:orchid bees
3017:cuckoo bees
2996:Andrenidae
2938:Crabronidae
2875:Formicidae
2867:Formicoidea
2825:Pompilidae
2812:Mutillidae
2804:Pompiloidea
2778:Chyphotidae
2695:Plumariidae
2690:Embolemidae
2609:Megalyridae
2591:Stephanidae
2455:Moranilidae
2425:Leucospidae
2420:Idioporidae
2415:Heydeniidae
2395:Eurytomidae
2345:Cleonymidae
2335:Chalcididae
2310:Boucekiidae
2295:Aphelinidae
2289:(fig wasps)
2238:Maamingidae
2215:Diaprioidea
2190:Pelecinidae
2180:Roproniidae
2146:Liopteridae
2095:Scelionidae
2011:(braconids)
2009:Braconidae
1867:(horntails)
1772:Cimbicidae
1200:I. aprilina
1145:I. japonica
1128:I. hunanica
993:H. subtilis
934:Heteribalia
826:Liopteridae
799:Heteribalia
692:Heteribalia
573:oviposition
257:Description
231:parasitoids
174:Heteribalia
105:Hymenoptera
3401:Cynipoidea
3395:Categories
3089:See also:
3060:Melittidae
3013:bumblebees
3009:honey bees
2980:Anthophila
2963:Sphecidae
2943:Mellinidae
2933:Bembicidae
2854:Scoliidae
2846:Scolioidea
2833:Sapygidae
2820:Myrmosidae
2783:Thynnidae
2770:Thynnoidea
2757:Tiphiidae
2744:Tiphioidea
2672:Bethylidae
2565:Evaniidae
2552:Evanioidea
2518:Systasidae
2460:Mymaridae
2430:Lyciscidae
2390:Eupelmidae
2380:Eulophidae
2365:Encyrtidae
2287:Agaonidae
2228:Diapriidae
2123:Cynipidae
2110:Cynipoidea
2085:Nixoniidae
1928:Orussidae
1920:Orussoidea
1865:Siricidae
1849:Siricoidea
1695:Subclass:
1685:Arthropoda
1353:References
1234:I. montana
1217:I. rufipes
1052:Tremibalia
897:Eileenella
843:Ibaliidae
811:Cretaceous
803:South Asia
776:Tremibalia
757:Eileenella
736:I. ensiger
713:, host of
698:Eileenella
687:Tremicinae
682:Tremibalia
223:Cynipoidea
201:Liu &
164:Eileenella
135:Cynipoidea
111:Suborder:
85:Arthropoda
24:Ibaliidae
3160:Ibaliidae
3146:Ibaliidae
3116:Ibaliidae
2928:Astatidae
2731:Vespidae
2715:Vespoidea
2685:Dryinidae
2560:Aulacidae
2533:Torymidae
2498:Pirenidae
2483:Ormyridae
2478:Ooderidae
2385:Eunotidae
2360:Diparidae
2315:Calesidae
2233:Ismaridae
2185:Heloridae
2141:Ibaliidae
2136:Figitidae
1907:Cephidae
1899:Cephoidea
1809:Xyeloidea
1788:Pergidae
1697:Pterygota
1677:Kingdom:
1592:1314-2607
1576:: 37â48.
1543:1365-3032
1094:I. anceps
1077:I. ornata
834:Cynipidae
830:Figitidae
759:found in
741:nematodes
677:Siricinae
603:symbiotic
589:Borries,
577:Siricidae
330:Forewing
327:Mesosoma
296:metafemur
292:tarsomere
280:scutellar
247:cynipoids
239:Siricidae
233:on other
227:cynipoids
215:Ibaliidae
189:Latreille
168:Fergusson
145:Ibaliidae
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
3181:BugGuide
3131:Q1338907
3125:Wikidata
2958:Psenidae
2300:Azotidae
1815:Xyelidae
1756:Argidae
1703:Neoptera
1683:Phylum:
1679:Animalia
1668:families
1615:Springer
1551:86329036
1468:85752332
1392:84816776
1251:I. kirki
818:cynipoid
617:segments
300:metacoxa
276:pronotum
178:Sakagami
141:Family:
115:Apocrita
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
2888:Apoidea
1691:Insecta
1689:Class:
1664:Extant
621:instars
581:siricid
272:antenna
155:Genera
101:Order:
95:Insecta
91:Class:
3365:150421
3352:300768
3336:NZOR:
3303:154026
3290:103715
3225:1IBALF
3004:Apidae
2986:(bees)
2877:(ants)
2320:Ceidae
2163:s.str.
1621:
1590:
1549:
1541:
1466:
1390:
1192:Ibalia
1040:Ibalia
790:Ibalia
787:, and
770:Ibalia
727:Ibalia
672:Ibalia
666:Ibalia
625:instar
613:instar
606:fungus
288:tergum
284:gaster
184:Ibalia
3373:Plazi
3329:32406
3285:IRMNG
3277:48004
3238:11334
3186:63910
1547:S2CID
1464:S2CID
1388:S2CID
807:Japan
781:China
629:cauda
243:wasps
203:Engel
3324:NCBI
3298:ITIS
3264:4343
3259:GBIF
3220:EPPO
3212:7499
3168:BOLD
1619:ISBN
1588:ISSN
1539:ISSN
832:and
805:and
734:and
695:and
266:Body
235:wasp
213:The
3311:NBN
3207:EoL
3199:BCF
3194:CoL
3173:461
3155:AFD
1578:doi
1531:doi
1500:doi
1456:doi
1420:doi
1380:doi
645:egg
3397::
3375::
3362::
3349::
3326::
3313::
3300::
3287::
3274::
3261::
3248::
3235::
3222::
3209::
3196::
3183::
3170::
3157::
3142::
3127::
3027:,
3023:,
3019:,
3015:,
3011:,
1613:.
1586:.
1574:68
1572:.
1568:.
1545:.
1537:.
1527:31
1525:.
1521:.
1496:45
1494:.
1476:^
1462:.
1452:21
1450:.
1432:^
1416:24
1414:.
1400:^
1386:.
1376:20
1374:.
1360:^
836:.
828:,
813:.
797:.
767:.
743:.
302:.
253:.
3031:)
3007:(
2655:a
2653:t
2651:a
2649:e
2647:l
2645:u
2643:c
2641:A
2165:)
2161:(
1991:a
1989:c
1987:i
1985:t
1983:i
1981:s
1979:a
1977:r
1975:a
1973:P
1963:a
1961:t
1959:i
1957:r
1955:c
1953:o
1951:p
1949:A
1734:a
1732:t
1730:y
1728:h
1726:p
1724:m
1722:y
1720:S
1657:e
1650:t
1643:v
1627:.
1594:.
1580::
1553:.
1533::
1506:.
1502::
1470:.
1458::
1426:.
1422::
1394:.
1382::
854:â
543:1
524:1
489:1
470:1
435:4
423:3
405:2
393:1
374:4
367:3
360:2
353:1
194:â
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