Ice diving - Knowledge

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surface party to pull the diver back to the hole unless it gets snagged. It may be the only option permitted by regulation or code of practice for professional divers on scuba. Recreational divers are not constrained by law or codes of practice, and there are a number of situations where experienced ice divers may choose to use a continuous guideline that is not attached to them, and which they control during the dive. This practice is more favoured for long penetration distances where entanglement and line fouling become greater risks. It is not recommended for divers new to the ice environment or for conditions which do not include very good visibility, no current, no moving ice and places to tie off the guideline along the route. A guideline may have advantages over a tether if:

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the surrounding water may keep the second stage regulator components warm enough to prevent the build-up of ice. The diver’s exhaled breath at 29 to 32 °C (84 to 90 °F), does not have enough heat to compensate for the cooling effect of the expanding incoming air once the water temperature is much below 4 °C (39 °F), and once the water temperature drops below 4 °C (39 °F) there is not enough heat in the water to rewarm the regulator components fast enough to keep moisture in the divers exhaled breath from freezing if the diver is breathing hard. This is why the CE cold water limit is at 4 °C (39 °F) which is the point at which many scuba regulators start retaining free ice.

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or a complete blockage if the granules accumulate and form a plug. Ice formation in a surface supplied system can be prevented by use of an effective moisture separation system and regular draining of condensate. Desiccating filters can also be used. Use of HP gas for surface supply is not generally a problem as the HP compressors use a filter system that dries the air sufficiently to keep the dew point below −40 °C (−40 °F). Keeping the surface section of the umbilical exposed to the cold air as short as possible will also help. The portion in the water is not normally cold enough to be a problem.

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the second stage components get even colder due to the cooling effect of the continuous flow, creating more ice and an sometimes an even greater free flow. With some regulators the refrigerating effect is so great, that water around the exhaust valve freezes, reducing exhaust flow, increasing exhalation effort, and producing positive pressure in the valve body, making it difficult to exhale through the regulator. This may cause the diver to loosen their grip on the mouthpiece and exhale around the mouthpiece.

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qualities of the materials can also significantly influence ice formation and freezing risk. Regulators with exhaust valves that do not seal well will form ice quickly as ambient water leaks into the casing. All second stages can develop ice when the inlet gas temperature averages below −4 °C (25 °F) and this can happen in water temperatures up to 10 °C (50 °F). The ice that forms may or may not cause a free flow, but any ice inside the regulator casing may present an inhalation hazard.

101:. This can be in fresh or seawater, and the salinity of the water constrains the possible temperature range of the water. In fresh water the coldest water is in contact with the ice, at 0 °C (32 °F), and the warmest may be 4 °C (39 °F), some distance below the ice, which is the temperature at which fresh water reaches its highest density. In sea water the temperature can be a little lower, around −2 °C (28 °F), depending on salinity. Air temperatures can be considerably lower. 20: 187:, or to purge a regulator underwater for just a few seconds, will start many regulators free-flowing and they will not stop until the air supply to the regulator is stopped. Some cold water scuba divers install shuttle type (sliding sleeve) shut off valves at each second stage regulator so if the second stage freezes open, the low pressure air can be shut off to the frozen second stage allowing them to switch to the alternative second stage and abort the dive. 11856: 489: 471: 11926: 275:

occur. This increases the risk of second stage icing, and the gas in the cylinder may be cooled sufficiently for condensation of residual moisture to occur during first stage expansion, as the expanding gas may cool below the −50 °C (−58 °F) dew point specified for high pressure breathing gas, which could cause internal icing of the first stage. This can be avoided by restricting breathing from the set in the cold air to a minimum.

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large population of recreational divers, a large area of fresh water that can freeze over in winter, and sufficiently cold winters to form ice strong enough to use as a platform for diving. There is also some scientific diving under ice, mostly for biological and ecological research, and a small amount of extreme adventure ice diving by recreational divers, in exotic locations, like Antarctica.

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buoyancy. Excessive dumping of air may leave the diver too negative so it is preferable to have at least two controllable buoyancy systems, such as a dry suit and BCD, preferably supplied from different first stages. If the dry suit inflation valve freezes open it may allow water to leak into the suit once disconnected, so this usually results in aborting the dive.

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ice formation, where ice forms and builds up inside the second stage but does not cause the regulator to free flow, and the diver may not be aware that the ice is there. This free ice build-up inside the second stage can break loose in the form of a sliver or chunk and pose a significant choking hazard because the ice can be inhaled, which may trigger

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and monitored by an attendant. Surface supplied equipment inherently provides a tether, and reduces the risks of regulator first stage freezing as the first stage can be managed by the surface team, and the breathing gas supply is less limited. For the surface support team, the hazards include freezing temperatures and falling through thin ice.

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the use of the backup regulator around the neck but also the ability to inflate the BC. These two problems together could be inordinately compounded by an out-of-air situation in which a diver would not only be without the means of controlling his/her buoyancy but would also be deprived of the use of a third regulator

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A tether connected to the diver and controlled by a surface tender is usually the safest option for most diving under ice, and the only reasonable choice when any significant current is present. The tether will prevent the diver from being swept away by current, and is generally strong enough for the

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mandatory; however, a thick wetsuit may be sufficient for hardier divers. A wetsuit can be pre-heated by pouring warm water into the suit. A hood and gloves (recommended three-finger mitts or dry gloves with rings) are necessary, and dry suit divers have the option of using hoods and gloves that keep

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A second stage freeze is also likely to happen with the valve open, causing a free flow, which may precipitate a first stage freeze if not immediately stopped. If the flow through the frozen second stage can be stopped before the first stage freezes, the process can be halted. This may be possible if

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The cold inter-stage air enters the second stage and is reduced to ambient pressure, which cools it further, so it chills the second stage inlet valve components to well below freezing and as the diver exhales, the moisture in the exhaled breath condenses on the cold components and freezes. Heat from

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With most second stage scuba regulators, ice forms and builds up on internal components, and the gap between the valve lever and fulcrum point is reduced and eventually filled by the build-up of ice that forms, preventing the inlet from fully closing during exhalation . Once the valve starts leaking,

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The most familiar effect of regulator freezing is where the second stage demand valve starts free flowing due to ice formation around the inlet valve mechanism that prevents the valve from closing after inhalation. Besides the problem of free flow from second stage icing, a less known problem is free

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Entrapment by moving ice: When diving through a natural gap in ice cover, it may be possible for the separate floes to move relative to each other, under the influence of wind or water movement, which can change the geometry of the entry and exit area, creating a risk of closing the gap through which

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To provide additional redundancy when using two first stages, the inflator hose should always be run from the right post. This requirement is illustrated in the case of a diver's left post rolling off or breaking. If the inflator is run from the left post, the diver will simultaneously lose not only

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Specialised ice diving training for public safety divers in planning and executing emergecy ice diving operations is available, as their duties may put them in the water under circumstances of greater risk than other professional and recreational divers. A minimum physical and medical fitness level

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Redundant systems usually typically comprise double cylinders with a primary and alternate regulator. Each of the second stages is supplied its own first stage, which can be shut down at the cylinder valve in an emergency, such as a free flow. The diver's buoyancy compensator is on a different first

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Since diving under the ice takes place in cold climates, there is typically a large amount of equipment required. Besides each person's clothing and exposure-protection requirements, including spare mitts and socks, there is basic scuba gear, back-up scuba gear, tools to cut a hole in the ice, snow

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lifeline and harness. The harness is typically put on over the dry suit but under the BC or other buoyancy device so that the diver remains tethered even if he or she must remove the air cylinder or buoyancy control device. The harness fits over the shoulders and around the back such that the tender

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coated, which allows the ice to break free of the internal surfaces and helps to prevent the regulator from free flowing by clearing the ice. This may be helpful in keeping the demand valve mechanism free to move, but the ice still forms in the regulator and has to go somewhere when it breaks loose.

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The most obvious hazards of ice diving are getting lost under the ice, hypothermia, and regulator failure due to freezing. Scuba divers are generally tethered for safety. This means that the diver wears a harness to which a line is secured, and the other end of the line is secured above the surface

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Some divers use a primary regulator on a 7-foot hose and a secondary on a necklace, this is useful when it may be necessary for the divers to swim in single file, though this is not always relevant for ice diving. The reason for the primary being on a long hose is to ensure the donated regulator is

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The two first stages are mounted on independently closable valves, as a first stage freeze free-flow can only be stopped by shutting off the air supply from the cylinder until the valve has thawed out. The second regulator is there to supply the remaining gas when the first regulator is shut off. A

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Most inflator problems can be avoided by keeping gear maintained and dry before the dive, using a low flow rate for inflation and avoiding long bursts, and having warm water at the dive site to thaw gear since ambient air temperature is usually well below freezing and this usually causes BCD issues

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If the surface air temperatures are well below freezing, (below −4 °C (25 °F)) excessive moisture from the volume tank can freeze into ice granules which can then travel down the umbilical and end up in the helmet intake, blocking off air to the demand valve, either as a reduction in flow

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The air temperature above the ice may be considerably colder than the water under the ice, and the specific heat of air is much less than that of water. As a consequence, there is less warming of the regulator body and inter-stage gas when out of the water, and it is possible for further cooling to

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where ice formation on or in one or both stages causes the regulator to function incorrectly. Several types of malfunction are possible, including jamming of the first or second stage valves in any position from closed to more frequently fully open, which can produce a free-flow capable of emptying

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Ice diving is generally done by recreational divers where the dive sites they use in summer freeze over in winter, and by public safety divers when necessary in the course of their occupation, mostly in emergencies. Most of these dives are done in North America and northern Europe where there is a

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A similar effect occurs with the second stage. Air which has already expanded and cooled through the first stage expands again and cools further at the demand valve of the second stage. This cools the components of the second stage and water in contact with them may freeze. Metal components around

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Although there is no universally accepted standard, at least one agency recommends the use of two non-freezing (rated for ice diving) regulators arranged as follows: primary first stage with primary second stage, BCD inflation hose, and submersible pressure gauge (SPG); secondary first stage with

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Under some circumstances a guide line can be used instead of a lifeline as a reference for the divers to return to the hole at the end of the dive or in an emergency in a similar way to cave diving or wreck penetration. In these cases the divers should be competent in procedures for diving with a

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In most cases surface supplied helmets and full face mask demand valves do not get cold enough to develop ice because the umbilical works as a heat exchanger and warms the air up to the water temperature. If the surface supplied diver bails out to scuba emergency gas supply, then the problems are

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suitable for cold-water are used. All regulators have a risk of freezing and free flowing, but some models fare better than others. Environmentally sealed regulators avoid contact between the surrounding water and the moving parts of the first stage by isolating them in an antifreeze fluid (e.g.

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Second stage freezing can develop quickly from the moisture in the exhaled breath, so regulators that prevent or reduce contact of the diver’s exhaled breath with the colder components and the area where the cold gas enters will usually build up less ice on critical components. The heat transfer

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Temperatures above the ice may be considerably lower than water temperature, which is limited by freezing point of the water, and may be further exacerbated by wind chill. This can be a limiting factor on the endurance of the surface team if inadequately insulated and sheltered, and can have an

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inflation valve to freeze while inflating, for similar reasons to regulator freeze. If this happens it can cause a runaway ascent if it is not dealt with immediately. If possible the low pressure inflator hose should be disconnected before it freezes onto the valve, while dumping air to control

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Kirby Morgan have developed a stainless steel tube heat exchanger ("Thermo Exchanger") to warm the gas from the first stage regulator to reduce the risk of second stage scuba regulator freeze when diving in extremely cold water at temperatures down to −2.2 °C (28.0 °F). The length and

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If tethered, the diver can signal to the line tender with the previously agreed emergency signal (usually five or more tugs on the rope) while breathing from free-flowing regulator (less desirable option used if no alternative gas supply is available). Five pulls will usually indicate that the

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When diving under ice it can be easy to become disoriented, and a guideline back to the entry and exit hole is an important safety feature. The choice between using a tether (lifeline) controlled by a surface tender or a reel line deployed by the diver under ice depends on various factors.

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Deployment of a single tethered scuba diver is a reasonably safe alternative to free-swimming buddy team diving. The tethered scuba diver is equipped with a full-face mask with voice communications, high capacity scuba air supply, and an independent emergency air supply. A lifeline with

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Keeping regulators warm and dry before diving, and limiting breathing from the regulator before immersion will reduce the risk of regulator freezing. Purging or any other cause of high flow rate markedly increases the probability of freezing and should be kept to an absolute

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has been debated within the recreational diving community., but since technical diving is legally recreational diving, it is unclear why this matters. For the recreational or professional diver it is a high risk environment requiring additional safety measures.

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Dry suits with adequate thermal undergarments are standard environmental protection for ice diving, though in some cases thick wetsuits may suffice. Hoods, boots and gloves are also worn. Full-face masks can provide more protection for the divers' facial skin.

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The diver must ensure that there is always a positive indication of the route to the exit area. A tether to a surface tender is usually preferable as it can be used to communicate, but if this is not practicable a reel and distance line is an

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Once the water temperature drops below 3.3 °C (37.9 °F) there is not enough heat in the water to rewarm the components of the second stage being chilled by the cold gas from the first stage, and most second stages start forming ice.

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to essentially eliminate any contact with the cold water. The biggest drawback to using a wet suit is the chilling effect on the diver caused by the water evaporating from the suit after a dive. This can be reduced by using a heated shelter.

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A minimum of two independent regulators is recommended for diving under ice, as scuba apparatus has a tendency to free-flow under polar conditions Divers must be competent in change-over procedures, including shutdown of the free-flowing

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The longer the gas expands at a high rate, the more cold gas is produced, and for a given rate of reheating, the colder the regulator components will get. Keeping high flow rates to as short a time as possible will minimise ice formation.

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the second stage is fitted with a shutoff valve, but if this is done, the first stage must be fitted with an over-pressure valve, as closing the supply to the second stage disables its secondary function as an over-pressure valve.

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When air expands during pressure reduction in a regulator, the temperature drops and heat is absorbed from the surroundings. It is well known that in waters colder than 10 °C (50 °F) use of a regulator to inflate a

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the diving cylinder in minutes, ice formation in the exhaust valve opening causing leakage of water into the mouthpiece, and shedding of ice shards into the inhalation air, which may be inhaled by the diver, possibly causing

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The diver should be kept warm throughout the dive, but active rewarming by external heating and heavy exercise should be avoided directly after the dive, as the effect of cold on risk of decompression sickness is not fully

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The diver can use a weight harness, integrated weight buoyancy control device, or a weight belt with two buckles on it so the weights can not be accidentally released which would cause a run-away ascent into the ice sheet.

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Regulator design and materials: - The materials, arrangement of parts, and gas flow in the regulator affect reheating and deposition of ice. The thermal conductivity of the regulator components will affect the rate of heat

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communications cable is secured to a body harness on the diver and is handled by a surface tender who is in constant voice communication with the diver. A similarly equipped standby diver is available on the surface.

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Not breathing from the regulator until underwater. When testing the regulator before the dive, the diver can inhale only, avoid exhaling through the regulator as the moisture in the breath will freeze in the demand

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A tethered diver, who is deployed to work independently, should preferably be equipped with full face mask, voice communications to the surface and redundant air supply. This is often obligatory for professional

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With some regulators, once the regulator starts free-flowing the flow escalates into a full free-flow, and delivers air to the diver at temperatures cold enough to freeze mouth tissue in a short time, causing

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The dive is to be deep (below 40 metres (130 ft)) or the dive is planned for more than 66 metres (217 ft) total underwater distance from the entry point, where a long tether may be difficult to

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One or two divers may dive at the same time from the same hole, each with his or her own rope. Using two ropes runs little risk of getting tangled together, but using three significantly increases this

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Most divers prefer to be more negative for ice diving than in open water like in most overhead environments, and ability to disconnect the low pressure inflator on a BCD or drysuit is a critical skill.

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identical to those for scuba, though the metal gas block and bent tube gas passages before the second stage will provide some warming of inter-stage gas beyond what a scuba set would normally provide.

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The diver will close the cylinder valve supplying the frozen regulator and change over to breathing from the standby regulator. This conserves the gas and allows the frozen regulator time to defrost.

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Ice divers should be skilled in the use of drysuits, choice of thermal insulation, buoyancy control and weighting, and should be competent and experienced with the specific equipment they will use.

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Slipping on ice: Diving gear is heavy out of the water, and the water on the diver's exposure suit can quickly freeze, reducing mobility and traction, and ice is an inherently slippery material.

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the moving parts of the valve mechanism allow heat transfer from the surrounding slightly warmer water, and from exhaled air from the diver, which is considerably warmer than the surroundings.

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on the surface can, in an emergency, haul an unconscious diver back to the hole. The harness should not be able to slide up or down the diver's torso when pulled in line with the body.

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Ice diving is underwater diving in water partly or completely covered by ice which may be an overhead obstacle to surfacing at some point of the dive, making ice diving a subclass of

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1. Team currently diving (1A. lead diver at line end; 1B. second diver and line handler; 1C. tender; 1D. first lifeline for communication, orientation and rescue, ~50–100 m)

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Breathing through the regulator above the ice in sub-freezing temperatures, where there is no warming of the regulator of interstage gas by ambient water – affects both stages.

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1. Team currently diving (1A. lead diver at line end; 1B. second diver and line handler; 1C. tender; 1D. first lifeline for communication, orientation and rescue, ~50-100m)

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Water temperature: - Rewarming of the expanded gas and the regulator mechanism depends on water temperature, and the temperature difference between the gas and the water.

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Divers may also choose to use a guideline for the primary part of the dive and clip on to a tether for decompression as currents are usually strongest near the surface.

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If diving without a tether the diver should follow the guideline back to the hole and avoid leaving the line unless able to use a jump line or can see the ice hole.

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second-stage isolation valve used in conjunction with a first-stage overpressure relief valve may be effective as a quick method to manage demand valve free-flow.

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long bursts of dry suit inflation or BC inflation while breathing from the same regulator – affects the first stage, and may cause freezing at the inflation valve.

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What to do in the event the diver loses contact with the line or the line tender does not get feedback from the diver in response to signals given to the diver.

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Ward, Mike (9 April 2014). Scuba Regulator Freezing: Chilling Facts & Risks Associated with Cold Water Diving (Report). Panama Beach, Fl.: Dive Lab, Inc.

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A drysuit should be used with a buoyancy compensator for ice diving unless the diver is exposed to greater risk with a buoyancy compensator than without one.

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is one of the prerequisites for the training. These divers are also trained in surface support activity necessary for risk management in these situations.

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Training includes learning about how ice forms, how to recognize unsafe ice conditions, dive site preparation, equipment requirements, and safety drills.

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Preventing water from entering the second-stage chamber during or between dives This requires keeping the regulator in the mouth while it is immersed.

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How to impact the underside of the surface ice if the diver's weight belt falls off for any reason and the diver ascends uncontrollably and rapidly.

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2. Rescue team (2A. fully equipped standby-diver; 2B. fully equipped line handler for the standby-diver; 2C. standby-tender; 2D. second lifeline)

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Avoiding heavy work loads that would significantly increase the breathing rate and volume of air moved through the valve with each breathing cycle

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secondary second stage (octopus), dry suit inflation hose, and SPG, although only one SPG is needed for a single cylinder or manifolded twins.

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When the high pressure gas passes through the regulator first stage, the pressure drop from cylinder pressure to inter-stage pressure causes a

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in the UK made possible the accurate breathing simulator testing at all realistic water temperatures that is the current practice.

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Cold water function testing is used to compare a regulator's performance in cold water against various standards, mainly the

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Regulators should be checked to ensure that they perform effectively at low temperatures before use far from a free surface.

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Smith, R. Todd; Dituri, Joseph (August 2008). "26: Expeditions ~ Arctic Ice Diving". In Mount, Tom; Dituri, Joseph (eds.).

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When diving in pack ice, the surface team must constantly monitor ice movement to ensure that the exit is not compromised.

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of the block allows sufficient heat from the water to warm the air to within one to two degrees of the surrounding water.

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Poseidon) or by siting the moving parts behind a diaphragm and transmitting the pressure through a pushrod (e.g. Apeks).

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If the regulator free-flows and freezes, the diver should close it down and switch to the backup, and terminate the dive.

294:'s unmanned cold water test procedures (1994), and European CE open circuit standard EN 250 of 1993. Testing may include 149:

Falling through weak ice cover: The ice layer may be flawed or insufficiently thick to support the load of the dive team.

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known to be working. The long hose will also allow some additional heat transfer from the water to the gas in the hose.

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Emergency ascent if directly under the hole in the ice and in visible range. (least desirable option short of drowning)

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Depressing the purge button for no more than 5 seconds prior to or during the dive, and avoiding even this if possible

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Octo breathing – particularly effects the first stage if both second stages are supplied by the same first stage.

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Hazards of ice diving include the general hazards of underwater diving, the specific environmental hazards of

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The environment is stable, the ice is fast and there are no significant currents or other water movement, or

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Duration of flow:- During high flow rates heat loss is faster than rewarming, and gas temperature will drop.

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ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers

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stage to the dry suit so if there is an issue with one the diver can still control their buoyancy.

132: 3983: 195:. This can be a particular problem with regulators having ice-shedding internal surfaces that are 11732: 11543: 11263: 11129: 10906: 10374: 10204: 9617: 9582: 9228: 8222: 8199: 7976: 7915: 7768: 7718: 7225: 7220: 7185: 7056: 6991: 6786: 6761: 6741: 6596: 6181: 6120: 6082: 5880: 5657: 5562: 5266: 5221: 5201: 5191: 4991: 4800: 4515: 4028: 3988: 3804: 3269: 3235: 3144: 3064: 2963: 2679: 2524: 2379: 2076: 2003: 1971: 1794: 1789: 1381: 11336: 11306: 11134: 11015: 10695: 10334: 10018: 9993: 9597: 9430: 8830: 7518: 7336: 7235: 7175: 6721: 6570: 6402: 6397: 6335: 5848: 5843: 5824: 5753: 5672: 5577: 5557: 5455: 5347: 4908: 4891: 4879: 4852: 4585: 4451: 3362: 3149: 2622: 2347: 2180: 2023: 1976: 1931: 1911: 255: 254:

Breathing gas composition: - The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature depends on the

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All of the divers have both significant penetration and ice diving skills and experience, and

563:

Polar diving experience has shown that buoyancy control is a critical skill affecting safety.

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and documentation. The introduction of a complete computerised breathing simulator system by

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A review of diver passive thermal protection strategies for polar diving: Present and future

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surface tender should pull the diver to the surface, or in this case, the hole in the ice.

8: 11672: 11351: 11048: 10891: 10886: 10700: 10660: 10614: 10519: 10304: 10013: 9445: 9313: 9132: 8710: 8410: 8355: 8341: 8244: 7743: 7686: 7665: 7513: 7299: 7205: 7200: 6560: 6361: 6029: 5975: 5858: 5667: 5552: 5390: 5362: 5255: 5178: 4953: 4901: 4790: 4640: 4426: 4396: 4316: 4204: 4199: 4023: 3998: 3754: 3601: 3495: 3490: 2988: 2774: 2649: 2632: 2627: 2585: 2495: 1959: 1557: 42: 9475: 7920: 7808: 7758: 11727: 11573: 11315: 11228: 11100: 11088: 10964: 10409: 9988: 9918: 9755: 9720: 9705: 9677: 9637: 9627: 9272: 9223: 9192: 8854: 8645: 8420: 8405: 8321: 7969: 7783: 7711: 7583: 7331: 7155: 6931: 6866: 6791: 6756: 6751: 6731: 6671: 6611: 6510: 6392: 6176: 6009: 5885: 5622: 5158: 4886: 4847: 4785: 4520: 4263: 4153: 4078: 4008: 3895: 3717: 3596: 3411: 3401: 3203: 2998: 2602: 2013: 1981: 1853: 1707: 1300: 1266: 630: 626: 221: 110: 98: 78: 4068: 1094: 241:

Depth: - Mass flow is proportional to downstream pressure for a given volumetric flow.

11925: 11366: 11160: 11093: 11083: 10926: 10921: 10876: 10859: 10757: 10604: 10584: 10429: 10399: 10289: 10249: 10229: 10219: 10169: 10154: 10129: 10059: 9983: 9908: 9858: 9657: 9622: 9552: 9497: 9137: 9093: 8991: 8463: 8458: 8400: 8336: 8314: 8289: 8204: 7865: 7738: 7728: 6726: 6434: 6429: 6371: 6318: 6201: 6196: 6067: 6024: 5927: 5797: 5768: 5730: 5677: 5384: 5327: 5322: 5053: 5015: 4913: 4832: 4376: 4361: 4242: 4173: 4148: 4103: 3759: 3647: 3611: 3470: 3421: 3341: 3230: 3164: 3074: 2978: 2868: 2824: 2779: 2769: 2754: 2671: 2435: 2352: 1891: 1774: 1754: 1743: 1475: 1070: 678:

Hand thermal protection is important to retain functionality and prevent cold injury.

553: 357:

Water directly under the ice is likely to be colder than deeper water in fresh water.

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removal tools, safety gear, some type of shelter, lines, and refreshments required.

231:

Cylinder pressure: - The temperature drop is proportional to the pressure drop. See

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Keeping the interior of the second-stage completely dry before entering the water

11213: 11043: 10837: 10634: 10624: 10609: 10504: 10499: 10444: 10424: 10364: 10349: 10339: 10254: 10244: 10239: 10214: 10209: 10184: 10159: 10114: 10044: 10023: 9838: 9818: 9682: 9602: 9435: 8331: 8256: 7833: 7798: 7748: 7593: 7578: 7544: 7448: 7279: 7210: 7195: 7115: 6776: 6637: 6376: 6270: 6265: 6233: 5980: 5970: 5952: 5682: 5297: 4946: 4837: 4748: 4620: 4535: 4495: 4436: 4416: 4128: 4118: 4018: 3993: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3834: 3798: 3586: 3436: 3247: 3225: 3169: 3154: 3127: 2819: 2729: 2529: 1799: 938:. United States: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA. p. 100. 7568: 7170: 4038: 675:

Pre- and post-dive thermal protection is critical for safety and diver function.

514:

2. Radial lines from the hole cleared of snow for navigation aids under the ice.

238:

Breathing or flow rate: - The heat loss is proportional to the mass flow of gas.

11568: 11068: 10827: 10762: 10736: 10690: 10599: 10594: 10569: 10509: 10489: 10474: 10464: 10324: 10294: 10224: 9998: 9868: 9863: 9813: 9750: 9612: 9592: 9502: 9465: 9455: 9450: 8169: 7880: 7813: 7803: 7563: 7240: 7230: 7190: 6796: 6771: 6766: 6701: 6691: 6575: 6087: 6014: 5902: 5587: 5141: 4923: 4768: 4143: 4098: 4088: 3917: 3885: 3828: 3570: 3560: 3545: 3515: 3460: 3326: 3089: 2933: 2659: 2637: 2617: 2551: 2480: 2428: 2197: 2170: 2125: 1954: 1301:"Authorized for cold-water service: What Divers Should Know About Extreme Cold" 9760: 3963: 611:

The risk of attack by predators and aggressive wildlife should be considered.

536:

Ice diving is a team diving activity because each diver's lifeline requires a

343:

Filling a lift bag or DSMB from the breathing regulator – affects both stages.

11946: 11833: 11515: 11507: 11388: 11063: 10986: 10896: 10721: 10619: 10589: 10574: 10564: 10539: 10529: 10469: 10414: 10394: 10384: 10354: 10329: 10274: 10259: 10119: 10064: 10008: 9978: 9963: 9928: 9888: 9848: 9828: 9823: 9770: 9667: 9647: 9577: 9572: 9532: 8261: 8209: 8097: 8090: 7895: 7885: 7573: 7341: 7304: 7271: 7110: 6313: 6308: 6293: 5875: 5865: 5607: 5531: 5475: 5103: 4961: 4939: 4842: 4817: 4812: 4780: 4163: 4113: 4053: 4048: 4013: 3953: 3948: 3816: 3790: 3732: 3637: 3525: 3059: 2684: 2546: 2475: 2457: 2452: 2423: 2230: 2165: 2150: 2053: 2033: 1886: 1868: 897:

How to deal with a frozen air-supply system using a redundant back-up system.

886:

If lifelines are used, both divers and tenders must be competent to use them.

864: 19: 3505: 2923: 2764: 1698: 827:

to aid in traction on ice. especially when cutting the hole or carrying gear

11633: 11595: 11122: 11078: 10783: 10752: 10731: 10705: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10665: 10639: 10559: 10514: 10459: 10439: 10319: 10284: 10269: 10109: 9968: 9943: 9933: 9913: 9893: 9790: 9710: 9632: 9542: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9127: 8481: 8326: 8304: 8266: 7788: 7376: 7351: 7165: 7063: 7039: 6936: 6696: 6520: 6303: 6004: 5992: 5922: 5912: 5897: 5831: 5778: 5720: 5572: 5352: 4807: 4540: 4446: 4391: 4349: 4334: 4237: 4138: 4043: 3968: 3840: 3749: 3737: 3550: 3331: 3309: 3186: 3139: 3069: 2993: 2968: 2719: 2302: 2240: 2220: 2048: 1779: 860: 801:

Adequate thermal protection must be provided to tenders and standby divers.

620: 404: 192: 176: 11273: 3500: 393:

Keeping the regulator in warm surroundings prior to the dive, if possible.

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Lip-care stick and cream to protect hands and face against cold and wind.

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2. Rescue diver (2A. fully equipped standby-diver, 2D. second lifeline)

126: 3485: 1703: 1416:

Training scientific divers for work in cold water and polar environments

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communications with the diver. Professional teams will also require a

456: 1414:

Somers, Lee H. (1987). Lang, Michael A.; Mitchell, Charles T. (eds.).

1344:

Somers, Lee H. (1987). Lang, Michael A.; Mitchell, Charles T. (eds.).

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Because of the water temperature (between 4 °C and 0 °C in

574: 537: 488: 470: 209: 120: 1712: 1366:

NOAA Diving Program (U.S.) (December 1979). Miller, James W. (ed.).

1108:

Mueller, Peter H.J. (2007). Lang, Michael A.; Sayer, M.D.J. (eds.).

856: 11758:

Underwater Archaeology Branch, Naval History & Heritage Command

10146: 9420: 8049: 6500: 6495: 6417: 5870: 5758: 5642: 5627: 5136: 4931: 4194: 3900: 3555: 3319: 3279: 3079: 2799: 2324: 2295: 2145: 2093: 2086: 2081: 1146:

Stinton, Robert T. (2007). Lang, Michael A.; Sayer, M.D.J. (eds.).

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in Canada, the fjords and coastal waters around Greenland, and the

824: 687: 366: 184: 1422:. Costa Mesa, California: American Academy of Underwater sciences. 1352:. Costa Mesa, California: American Academy of Underwater sciences. 868: 506: 430:

Protocol for a regulator freeze often includes aborting the dive.

322: 11737: 11558: 11373: 7284: 6077: 5168: 5086: 4730: 4565: 4550: 4525: 4441: 4381: 3910: 3905: 3727: 3616: 3520: 2878: 2329: 2312: 2307: 2115: 2058: 1858: 904:

Several agencies offer certification in recreational ice diving.

462:

impact on the divers on exiting the water in wet exposure suits.

6952:

Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage

4248:

Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming

1157:

Proceedings of the International Polar Diving Workshop, Svalbard

1119:

Proceedings of the International Polar Diving Workshop, Svalbard

1009:

Proceedings of the International Polar Diving Workshop, Svalbard

11285: 11280: 5226: 5108: 4570: 4530: 3465: 3431: 3003: 2973: 1921: 1916: 1901: 616: 196: 34: 6878:

Southern African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association

1011:. Washington, DC.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 211–213. 817:

Sunglasses with a UV filter to protect the eyes in sunny days.

570:

A snow shovel is used to clear the snow and ice from the area.

11494: 11473: 8105:

The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure

6260: 5715: 3659: 2928: 2913: 2903: 2863: 2829: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2724: 1662:"Learn to plan and execute an emergency ice diving operation" 788:

There is significant risk of entanglement if a tether is used

26: 1159:. Washington, DC.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 13–34. 1121:. Washington, DC.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 63–72. 403:

relatively good thermal conductivity of the tubing, and the

3475: 2704: 2699: 584: 474:

A team of 4 persons. The minimum personnel for ice diving.

6852:

National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology

5653:

Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus

1365: 1361: 1359: 591:

Rope signals or voice communications systems must be used.

349:

High breathing rate due to exertion – affects both stages.

11489: 11484: 1654: 522:

6. Second lifeline, prepared to support the standby team.

390:

Ensuring that the scuba air is sufficiently moisture-free

82: 62:

Checking water conditions through a small hole in the ice

46:

Monitoring an ice diver conducting studies below the ice.

11450:

International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office

8931:

International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers

8753:

International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers

4506:

Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei e Incursori Teseo Tesei

1060: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1052: 166:

Mechanism of diving regulators § Regulator freezing

11455:

Submarine Escape and Rescue system (Royal Swedish Navy)

7998:

Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving

5648:

Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment

1436:

AAUS Proceedings of Special Session on Coldwater Diving

1356: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1032: 583:

The diver and tender on the surface are connected by a

309: 54:

Cutting a hole in the ice to check the water conditions

9324:

Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins

8729:

Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins

7313: 5409:

Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins

4289:

Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins

1828:

Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment

580:

A weatherproof area is used for the divers to suit up.

1368:

NOAA Diving Manual, Diving for Science and Technology

8521:

International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum

1029: 9358:

14th CMAS Underwater Photography World Championship

6862:

Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine

1465: 1463: 492:A team of 6 persons. More secure than a team of 4. 10935: 9278:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 8913:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 8717:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 8652:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 5397:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 4477: 4284:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques 1503:"Ice Diving, Everything You Need To Know About It" 993: 991: 989: 987: 985: 983: 981: 979: 520:5. First lifeline, prepared to support the divers. 9071:United States Marine Corps Combatant Diver Course 6982:History of decompression research and development 1472:Doing it Right: The Fundamentals of Better Diving 1291: 1289: 1287: 977: 975: 973: 971: 969: 967: 965: 963: 961: 959: 667:, approximately -1.9 °C for normal salinity 594:A tethered standby diver is ready on the surface. 11944: 10805: 9004:National Speleological Society#Cave Diving Group 8747:International Association for Handicapped Divers 6969: 6942:List of legislation regulating underwater diving 5415:International Association for Handicapped Divers 5157: 3400: 1460: 890:Other skills required by the ice diver include: 367:Precautions to reduce risk of regulator freezing 337:Buddy breathing – affects both regulator stages. 9319:Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas 8723:Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas 8544:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8045:Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO) 6157:Association of Diving Contractors International 5403:Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas 1409: 1407: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1093:. U.S. Office of Naval Research. Archived from 691:their head and hands dry. Some prefer to use a 433: 323:Factors increasing the risk of regulator freeze 11606:Submarine Escape Training Facility (Australia) 9010:National Association of Underwater Instructors 8955:Rebreather Association of International Divers 8949:Professional Technical and Recreational Diving 8937:Professional Association of Diving Instructors 8807:Rebreather Association of International Divers 8801:Professional Technical and Recreational Diving 8789:Professional Association of Diving Instructors 8777:National Association of Underwater Instructors 8699:Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée 6256:List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders 1284: 998:Lang, Michael A.; Sayer, M.D.J., eds. (2007). 956: 566:Typical procedure for a scuba dive under ice: 410: 298:, and other issues relating to manufacturing, 227:The factors that influence ice formation are: 11788:Neutral buoyancy simulation as a training aid 11539:Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28 8587:Commercial diver registration in South Africa 8158: 4922: 4596:Namibian Marine Corps Operational Diving Unit 4415: 1728: 1067:Exploration and Mixed Gas Diving Encyclopedia 874: 11688:Finger Lakes Underwater Preserve Association 11564:Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System 8533:International Marine Contractors Association 6162:International Marine Contractors Association 5036:International Marine Contractors Association 3025: 1632:"Overhead Environments: Technical Ice Diver" 1432: 1404: 1322: 1295: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1200: 328:Unsuitable regulator design and construction 11663:Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia 11156:Environmental impact of recreational diving 9368:Underwater Orienteering World Championships 8943:Professional Diving Instructors Corporation 8795:Professional Diving Instructors Corporation 8687:American Canadian Underwater Certifications 7984:Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival 6890:United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit 6857:Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory 6846:European Underwater and Baromedical Society 5741: 5461:Environmental impact of recreational diving 1474:. Global Underwater Explorers. p. 92. 1198: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1180: 1139: 1101: 1064: 928: 518:4. Triangular entry opening cut in the ice. 11879: 11748:Society for Underwater Historical Research 9329:South African Underwater Sports Federation 6111:Testing and inspection of diving cylinders 5967:Hazard identification and risk assessment 1735: 1721: 1497: 1495: 924: 922: 920: 623:are potential hazards within their ranges. 528:Whether ice diving inherently constitutes 117:Low environmental temperatures can cause: 11614: 10912:Physiological response to water immersion 8976: 8560:World Recreational Scuba Training Council 8539:List of diver certification organizations 8122:List of Divers Alert Network publications 8055:IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving 6872:South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society 4726:Underwater Offence (Turkish Armed Forces) 4701:US Marine Corps Reconnaissance Battalions 1469: 1433:Lang, M.A.; Mitchell, C.T., eds. (1987). 997: 847:Regions known for ice diving include the 757: 740: 170:Regulator freezing is a malfunction of a 155:Wild animals like sharks and polar bears: 10818:List of researchers in underwater diving 8527:International Diving Schools Association 8012:The new science of skin and scuba diving 6997:List of researchers in underwater diving 5543:Human factors in diving equipment design 1833:Human factors in diving equipment design 1426: 1374: 1177: 929:Lang, M.A.; Stewart, J.R., eds. (1992). 505: 487: 469: 334:Purging – affects both regulator stages. 65: 57: 49: 41: 33: 25: 18: 10917:Thermal balance of the underwater diver 9048:Navy Diving Salvage and Training Center 8925:Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee 8875:American Academy of Underwater Sciences 8735:Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee 7779:1973 Mount Gambier cave diving accident 7454:International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame 7357:R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle 7022:US Navy decompression models and tables 6884:Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society 5254: 4315: 2690:Clearance Divers Life Support Equipment 1492: 1259: 1145: 1107: 917: 500:4. Ice screws to anchor the line ends. 482:4. Ice screws to secure the line ends. 11953:Overhead environment diving procedures 11945: 11803:Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center 11534:-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle 11503:-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle 6927:Civil liability in recreational diving 5598:List of diving hazards and precautions 4676:Special Operations Battalion (Croatia) 3665:Underwater acoustic positioning system 3175:High pressure breathing air compressor 1420:1987 AAUS - Cold Water Diving Workshop 1413: 1350:1987 AAUS - Cold Water Diving Workshop 1343: 1229: 1111:Cold Stress and decompression sickness 932:AAUS Polar Diving Workshop Proceedings 524:7. Ice screws to anchor the rope ends. 331:High flow rates through the regulator 11185: 10804: 9394: 9393: 9363:Underwater Hockey World Championships 9309:British Underwater Sports Association 9092: 9091: 8581:Australian Diver Accreditation Scheme 8282: 8157: 7950: 7428:1992 cageless shark-diving expedition 6968: 6915: 6231: 5529: 5253: 4616:Operational Diving Division (SA Navy) 4314: 3692: 3180:Low pressure breathing air compressor 3024: 1814: 1742: 1716: 215: 159: 11867: 11639:Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment 10970:Thermodynamic model of decompression 9373:Underwater Rugby World Championships 8986:Cave Divers Association of Australia 8901:American Nitrox Divers International 8759:International Life Saving Federation 8693:American Nitrox Divers International 8658:Performance Freediving International 6840:European Diving Technology Committee 5481:Sinking ships for wreck diving sites 5379:Cave Divers Association of Australia 5099:Remotely operated underwater vehicle 4696:US Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance 4294:Performance Freediving International 3511:Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System 3427:Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station 1815: 1624: 1612:from the original on 17 January 2021 1594: 1588:Ice Diving Standards Version 2009/01 1580: 1520: 1224: 310:Surface supplied breathing equipment 11824:Helicopter Aircrew Breathing Device 11039:List of diving environments by type 9334:Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu 8843:Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu 8771:National Academy of Scuba Educators 8603:Department of Employment and Labour 8005:Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving 7459:London Diving Chamber Dive Lectures 6633:Effects of drugs on fitness to dive 6232: 6133:Breathing performance of regulators 1568:from the original on 12 August 2020 1550: 1538:from the original on 18 August 2020 1235: 502:5. Access opening in the ice cover. 484:5. Access opening in the ice cover. 438:It is possible for the dry suit or 222:temperature drop as the gas expands 70:Cutting the ice hole with chainsaws 13: 11601:Submarine escape training facility 11202:Defense against swimmer incursions 8555:Recreational diver course referral 5471:Scuba diving in the Cayman Islands 5282:Outline of recreational dive sites 4686:Special Warfare Diving and Salvage 3858:Variable weight apnea without fins 1642:from the original on 4 August 2020 1083: 699: 510:Site prepared for diving under ice 296:failure modes and effects analysis 292:U.S. Navy Experimental Diving Unit 14: 11964: 11753:Society for Underwater Technology 6947:Investigation of diving accidents 5530: 5421:Quintana Roo Speleological Survey 4661:Special Boat Squadron (Sri Lanka) 4501:Combat Divers Service (Lithuania) 3670:Underwater acoustic communication 2402:Underwater acoustic communication 1965:Variable buoyancy pressure vessel 1687: 1672:from the original on 29 July 2024 1392:from the original on 29 July 2024 671:), exposure suits are mandatory. 658: 577:is used to cut a hole in the ice. 81:where the dive takes place under 11924: 11912: 11878: 11866: 11855: 11854: 11624:Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus 10950:Bühlmann decompression algorithm 9294:Australian Underwater Federation 8783:Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond 7951: 7367:Shallow Water Combat Submersible 6531:Swimming-induced pulmonary edema 6408:Inner ear decompression sickness 5988:Hyperbaric evacuation and rescue 5272:Index of recreational dive sites 4611:Naval Special Operations Command 4274:Australian Underwater Federation 11913: 11708:Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club 11384:-class deep submergence vehicle 9053:Underwater Escape Training Unit 6834:Diving Medical Advisory Council 6828:Diving Diseases Research Centre 4666:Special Forces Command (Turkey) 1449:from the original on 2022-05-10 1311:from the original on 2015-03-07 1166:from the original on 2023-05-31 1128:from the original on 2023-05-31 1018:from the original on 2023-05-31 945:from the original on 2022-05-10 795: 38:Under the ice - view from below 9299:British Freediving Association 9016:Technical Diving International 8592:Divers Institute of Technology 8515:European Underwater Federation 8351:Surface-supplied diving skills 6566:Hyperbaric treatment schedules 6526:Salt water aspiration syndrome 6425:High-pressure nervous syndrome 5700:Diver behaviour and competence 5548:Human factors in diving safety 5064:Baited remote underwater video 4897:Underwater search and recovery 4865:Underwater cutting and welding 4671:Special Forces Group (Belgium) 4279:British Freediving Association 4034:Andriy Yevhenovych Khvetkevych 3693: 3253:Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor 2919:Diving Unlimited International 2564:Mechanism of diving regulators 2253:Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor 146:the diver must exit the water. 92: 30:Ice Diving - View from the top 1: 11140:Underwater diving environment 10960:Reduced gradient bubble model 10955:Haldane's decompression model 9339:Underwater Society of America 8919:Diving Science and Technology 8825:Scuba Educators International 8019:Professional Diver's Handbook 7327:Advanced SEAL Delivery System 7017:Pearling in Western Australia 7012:Timeline of diving technology 6817:Aerospace Medical Association 6717:Guybon Chesney Castell Damant 6643:Psychological fitness to dive 6516:Instinctive drowning response 5918:Gas blending for scuba diving 5427:Woodville Karst Plain Project 4716:Underwater Demolition Command 4711:Underwater Construction Teams 4601:Naval Diving Unit (Singapore) 4561:Kommando Spezialkräfte Marine 4491:Clearance Diving Branch (RAN) 4457:United States military divers 3417:Continental Shelf Station Two 3192:Gas blending for scuba diving 911: 855:, in Russia, Antarctica, the 811:Warm anorak for cold weather. 516:3. Work area cleared of snow. 465: 450: 397: 11703:Nautical Archaeology Society 11698:Nautical Archaeology Program 11526:NATO Submarine Rescue System 10807:Science of underwater diving 10545:Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper 10450:Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger 9304:British Octopush Association 8621:Divers Academy International 8550:Nautical Archaeology Society 8228:Public safety diver training 8214:Occupational diver training 7106:Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont 6971:History of underwater diving 6207:Standard operating procedure 5998:Hierarchy of hazard controls 5031:Helix Energy Solutions Group 4681:Special Service Group (Navy) 4646:Special Air Service Regiment 4606:Naval Service Diving Section 4432:Canadian Armed Forces Divers 3811:Constant weight without fins 2397:Through-water communications 1528:"Specialty Course Ice Diver" 641: 434:Low pressure inflator freeze 7: 11778:Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory 11224:Underwater domain awareness 10992:Physiology of decompression 10180:Michael Barratt (astronaut) 8998:Global Underwater Explorers 8837:Scuba Schools International 8741:Global Underwater Explorers 8664:Scuba Schools International 8597:Health and Safety Executive 8240:Recreational diver training 7347:Motorised Submersible Canoe 6737:Robert William Hamilton Jr. 6602:Diving Medical Practitioner 6551:Demand valve oxygen therapy 5568:Underwater diving emergency 5174:Mk 1 Underwater Defense Gun 4774:Recreational diver training 4269:Scuba Schools International 3368:Combat rubber raiding craft 2874:Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique 1765:Atmospheric pressure diving 1240:. Department of Chemistry, 833: 814:Warm cap covering the ears. 411:Managing a regulator freeze 16:Underwater diving under ice 10: 11969: 11793:Neutral Buoyancy Simulator 10975:Varying Permeability Model 10865:Underwater computer vision 9172:Underwater target shooting 8819:Scuba Diving International 8179:Competence and assessment 7702:Peter Henry Michael Holmes 5693:Uncontrolled decompression 5277:List of wreck diving sites 4759:Commercial offshore diving 4721:Underwater Demolition Team 4651:Special Actions Detachment 3823:Dynamic apnea without fins 3770:Underwater target shooting 3315:Launch and recovery system 3085:Launch and recovery system 2263:Submersible pressure gauge 1699:Diving Under Antarctic Ice 1470:Jablonski, Jarrod (2006). 1091:"Ocean Water: Temperature" 875:Training and certification 842: 454: 163: 104: 11850: 11811: 11766: 11693:Karst Underwater Research 11651: 11586: 11440: 11237: 11192: 11186: 11181: 11148: 11031: 11004: 10902:Equivalent narcotic depth 10875: 10826: 10813: 10800: 10776: 10745: 10714: 10653: 10145: 10032: 9799: 9739: 9691: 9484: 9406: 9402: 9389: 9350: 9258: 9242: 9206: 9180: 9120: 9104: 9100: 9087: 9061: 9033: 8889: 8881:CMAS Scientific Committee 8863: 8849:United Diving Instructors 8765:Israeli Diving Federation 8673: 8634: 8611: 8569: 8499: 8474: 8439: 8391:Advanced Open Water Diver 8383: 8368: 8233:Scientific diver training 8218:Commercial diver training 8183:Competency-based learning 8168: 8164: 8159:Training and registration 8153: 8130: 8114: 8068: 8035: 7961: 7957: 7946: 7767: 7707:Johnson Sea Link accident 7664: 7592: 7553: 7527: 7506: 7484: 7477: 7469:Women Divers Hall of Fame 7441: 7420: 7404:Raid on Alexandria (1941) 7394: 7249: 7096: 7073: 7030: 6977: 6964: 6922: 6911: 6805: 6658: 6651: 6620: 6607:Diving Medical Technician 6589: 6581:Therapeutic recompression 6543: 6486: 6474:Carbon monoxide poisoning 6464: 6443: 6413:Isobaric counterdiffusion 6385: 6354: 6279: 6244: 6240: 6227: 6143: 6096: 6073:Diving systems technician 6038: 5951: 5796: 5586: 5538: 5525: 5494: 5486:Underwater diving on Guam 5436: 5361: 5290: 5262: 5249: 5122: 5069:In-water surface cleaning 5044: 5014: 4858:Archaeology of shipwrecks 4747: 4345:Commercial offshore diver 4327: 4323: 4310: 4256: 4230: 4182: 3926: 3868: 3778: 3705: 3701: 3688: 3630: 3579: 3449: 3350: 3337:Recreational Dive Planner 3285:Built-in breathing system 3268: 3241:Pressure swing adsorption 3103: 3037: 3033: 3020: 2847: 2788: 2670: 2601: 2511: 2338: 2271: 2213: 2161:Lightweight demand helmet 2136: 2067: 2002: 1940: 1867: 1841: 1823: 1810: 1750: 1001:Consensus recommendations 11798:Space Systems Laboratory 9568:Fernando Garfella Palmer 9416:Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro 8967:Technical Extended Range 8961:Trimix Scuba Association 8272:Stress exposure training 7839:Fernando Garfella Palmer 7121:Giovanni Alfonso Borelli 6987:History of Diving Museum 6058:Diver medical technician 5808:Ascending and descending 5784:Non-freezing cold injury 4626:Russian commando frogmen 4407:Underwater archaeologist 3027:Diving support equipment 2448:Emergency locator beacon 2281:Diver propulsion vehicle 1706:Documentary produced by 871:archipelago in Finland. 133:Non-freezing cold injury 11733:Save Ontario Shipwrecks 11544:Russian submarine AS-34 11264:American submarine NR-1 11130:Recreational dive sites 10907:Maximum operating depth 10654:Writers and journalists 10175:Serena Auñón-Chancellor 9618:Lyuba Ognenova-Marinova 9583:Swietenia Puspa Lestari 9229:Underwater orienteering 8223:Military diver training 8200:Diver training standard 7977:U.S. Navy Diving Manual 7896:Chris and Chrissy Rouse 7719:Gerard Anthony Prangley 7221:Willard Franklyn Searle 7186:Christian J. Lambertsen 6992:History of scuba diving 6916: 6787:Charles Wesley Shilling 6762:Christian J. Lambertsen 6742:Henry Valence Hempleman 6597:Diving Medical Examiner 6182:Emergency response plan 6121:Sustained load cracking 6083:Life support technician 5658:Single point of failure 5563:Scuba diving fatalities 5267:Recreational dive sites 5222:ASM-DT amphibious rifle 5202:AAI underwater revolver 5192:SPP-1 underwater pistol 4801:Underwater construction 4516:Frogman Corps (Denmark) 4029:Elisabeth Kristoffersen 3805:Constant weight bi-fins 3236:Membrane gas separation 3145:Carbon dioxide scrubber 3065:Diving platform (scuba) 2680:Carbon dioxide scrubber 2525:Atmospheric diving suit 2077:Atmospheric diving suit 1972:Diving weighting system 1795:Surface-supplied diving 1790:Surface oriented diving 1694:Diving Under Arctic Ice 11135:Underwater environment 11016:Underwater exploration 10946:Decompression models: 10019:John Ernest Williamson 9598:Anna Marguerite McCann 9431:Amelia Behrens-Furniss 9250:Underwater photography 9234:Underwater photography 9121:Snorkeling/breath-hold 8831:Scottish Sub Aqua Club 8626:Norwegian diver school 8250:ISO training standards 7519:Tham Luang cave rescue 7337:Dry Combat Submersible 7236:Pierre-Marie Touboulic 7176:Karl Heinrich Klingert 6722:Kenneth William Donald 6571:In-water recompression 6403:Dysbaric osteonecrosis 6398:Decompression sickness 6336:Compression arthralgia 5849:Decompression practice 5825:Canoe and kayak diving 5754:Decompression sickness 5578:Water surface searches 5558:Safety-critical system 5456:Diving in the Maldives 5348:Underwater photography 5187:Heckler & Koch P11 4909:Underwater videography 4892:Underwater photography 4880:Nondestructive testing 4853:Underwater archaeology 4586:Marine Raider Regiment 4452:Royal Navy ships diver 4210:Shallow-water blackout 3363:Canoe and kayak diving 3150:Cascade filling system 2623:Decompression cylinder 2348:Alternative air source 2181:Standard diving helmet 2024:Decompression cylinder 1507:www.dresseldivers.com/ 808:Warm waterproof shoes. 758:Tethers and guidelines 741:Buoyancy and weighting 525: 503: 485: 354:Low water temperature 304:ANSTI Test Systems Ltd 256:specific heat capacity 71: 63: 55: 47: 39: 31: 23: 11783:Neutral buoyancy pool 11465:Submarine rescue ship 11460:McCann Rescue Chamber 11219:Rugged compact camera 11207:Diver detection sonar 11054:Confined water diving 10768:James Joseph Magennis 10405:Michael López-Alegría 10135:Aristotelis Zervoudis 9874:John Christopher Fine 9548:John Christopher Fine 9214:Immersion finswimming 9043:Defence Diving School 8907:British Sub-Aqua Club 8705:British Sub-Aqua Club 7692:Francis P. Hammerberg 7372:Siluro San Bartolomeo 7362:SEAL Delivery Vehicle 7295:Standard diving dress 7141:Charles Anthony Deane 7126:Joseph-Martin Cabirol 7088:Jason deCaires Taylor 7007:Man in the Sea Museum 7002:Lyons Maritime Museum 6341:Decompression illness 6324:Middle ear barotrauma 6192:Diving superintendent 6187:Diving safety officer 6106:Breathing gas quality 5711:Overconfidence effect 5373:British Sub-Aqua Club 5198:Underwater revolvers 4875:Underwater inspection 4870:Underwater demolition 4796:Offshore construction 4691:Tactical Divers Group 4581:Marinejegerkommandoen 4511:Decima Flottiglia MAS 4467:U.S.Navy master diver 4372:Diving superintendent 4367:Diving safety officer 3979:Mandy-Rae Cruickshank 3852:Variable weight apnea 3385:Diving support vessel 3160:Diving air compressor 2835:Standard diving dress 2810:Diving air compressor 2593:Full-face diving mask 2581:Single-hose regulator 2569:Regulator malfunction 2472:Navigation equipment 2414:Diving safety harness 2029:Decompression trapeze 2019:Decompression chamber 1242:University of Arizona 693:full face diving mask 509: 491: 473: 69: 61: 53: 45: 37: 29: 22: 11829:Scuba diving therapy 11819:Nautilus Productions 11743:Sea Research Society 11678:Divers Alert Network 11111:Torricellian chamber 11021:Deep-sea exploration 10982:Equivalent air depth 10853:Modulated ultrasound 10848:Underwater acoustics 10315:Christopher E. Gerty 10310:Michael L. Gernhardt 10200:Timothy J. Broderick 10075:William Hogarth Main 9766:Jean-Michel Cousteau 9731:Krzysztof Starnawski 8813:Sub-Aqua Association 8077:The Darkness Beckons 7608:diving bell accident 7535:John Day (carpenter) 7057:Queen Anne's Revenge 6822:Divers Alert Network 6747:Leonard Erskine Hill 6628:Atrial septal defect 6329:Pulmonary barotrauma 6289:Alternobaric vertigo 5933:Scuba gas management 5893:Diver communications 5509:Underwater Bike Race 5466:Scuba diving tourism 5451:Diving in East Timor 5217:APS underwater rifle 5212:ADS amphibious rifle 4828:Public safety diving 4823:Potable water diving 4656:Special Boat Service 4631:Sappers Divers Group 4591:Minedykkerkommandoen 3989:Leonardo D'Imporzano 3847:Skandalopetra diving 3607:Hyperbaric stretcher 3566:T1200 Trenching Unit 3541:Sea Dragon-class ROV 3390:HMS Challenger (K07) 3290:Decompression tables 3260:Oxygen compatibility 2695:Cryogenic rebreather 2540:Scuba cylinder valve 2441:Screw gate carabiner 2419:Emergency gas supply 2380:Diver's cutting tool 2246:Helium release valve 2176:Shallow water helmet 2104:Standard diving suit 1950:Buoyancy compensator 1897:Emergency gas supply 1267:"2nd Stage Shut Off" 1097:on 12 December 2007. 631:overhead environment 440:buoyancy compensator 233:general gas equation 11673:Coral Reef Alliance 11049:Benign water diving 10892:Cold shock response 10661:Michael C. Barnette 10615:Douglas H. Wheelock 10520:David Saint-Jacques 10305:Ronald J. Garan Jr. 10014:Michele Westmorland 9314:Comhairle Fo-Thuinn 9133:Underwater football 8711:Comhairle Fo-Thuinn 8411:Introductory diving 8356:Underwater searches 8342:Diamond Reef System 8245:Introductory diving 8069:General non-fiction 7991:Underwater Handbook 7891:François de Roubaix 7744:Lothar Michael Ward 7687:Victor F. Guiel Jr. 7514:Alpazat cave rescue 7421:Scientific projects 7300:Sub Marine Explorer 7206:Joseph Salim Peress 7201:Ernest William Moir 6561:Hyperbaric medicine 6362:Freediving blackout 6030:Situation awareness 5976:Job safety analysis 5859:Ratio decompression 5668:Cold shock response 5618:Entanglement hazard 5553:Life-support system 5391:Comhairle Fo-Thuinn 5256:Recreational diving 5183:Underwater pistols 5077:Cavitation cleaning 4902:Underwater searches 4791:Marine construction 4641:Special Air Service 4427:Army engineer diver 4397:Public safety diver 4317:Professional diving 4205:Deep-water blackout 4200:Freediving blackout 4024:Mehgan Heaney-Grier 3755:Underwater football 3602:Hyperbaric lifeboat 3496:Goldfish-class ROUV 3491:Global Explorer ROV 3453:underwater vehicles 2989:Shearwater Research 2650:Scuba configuration 2633:Manifolded twin set 2628:Independent doubles 2586:Twin-hose regulator 2496:Surface marker buoy 11771:Astronaut training 11728:Rubicon Foundation 11574:URF (Swedish Navy) 11359:Russian submarine 11347:-class submersible 11317:Deepsea Challenger 11302:-class bathyscaphe 11229:Underwater vehicle 11101:Penetration diving 11089:Black-water diving 10965:Thalmann algorithm 10777:Commercial salvors 10410:Joseph B. MacInnis 9919:Joseph B. MacInnis 9756:David Attenborough 9678:Peter Throckmorton 9638:Andreas Rechnitzer 9628:Mendel L. Peterson 9489:archaeologists and 9273:AIDA International 9224:Underwater cycling 9207:Open Circuit Scuba 9193:Apnoea finswimming 9105:Surface snorkeling 8855:YMCA SCUBA Program 8646:AIDA International 8421:Master Scuba Diver 8406:CMAS** scuba diver 8384:Core diving skills 8322:Finning techniques 8188:Refresher training 7970:NOAA Diving Manual 7784:Ricardo Armbruster 7712:Edwin Clayton Link 7584:Natalia Molchanova 7332:Cosmos CE2F series 7290:Porpoise regulator 7156:Auguste Denayrouze 6932:Diving regulations 6867:Rubicon Foundation 6792:Edward D. Thalmann 6757:Felix Hoppe-Seyler 6752:Brian Andrew Hills 6732:John Scott Haldane 6707:Albert A. Bühlmann 6672:Arthur J. Bachrach 6612:Hyperbaric nursing 6511:Immersion diuresis 6393:Avascular necrosis 6177:Diving regulations 5886:Scuba gas planning 5208:Underwater rifles 4887:Underwater logging 4848:Submarine pipeline 4786:Hyperbaric welding 4521:Fuerzas Especiales 4264:AIDA International 4154:Devrim Cenk Ulusoy 4079:Natalia Molchanova 4009:Francisco Ferreras 3896:Snorkel (swimming) 3718:Apnoea finswimming 3622:Reserve gas supply 3597:ENOS Rescue-System 3412:Aquarius Reef Base 3204:Gas reclaim system 2999:Submarine Products 2672:Diving rebreathers 2014:Decompression buoy 1982:Integrated weights 1708:Oregon Field Guide 1666:diverescueintl.com 1346:The under ice dive 859:region in Norway, 526: 504: 486: 216:Mechanism of icing 160:Regulator freezing 111:penetration diving 99:penetration diving 79:penetration diving 72: 64: 56: 48: 40: 32: 24: 11940: 11939: 11846: 11845: 11842: 11841: 11647: 11646: 11582: 11581: 11294:class bathyscaphe 11177: 11176: 11173: 11172: 11169: 11168: 11161:Low impact diving 11094:Blue-water diving 11084:Open-water diving 11000: 10999: 10927:Work of breathing 10922:Underwater vision 10860:Underwater vision 10796: 10795: 10792: 10791: 10758:Ian Edward Fraser 10605:John Morgan Wells 10585:Mark T. Vande Hei 10430:K. Megan McArthur 10400:Kjell N. Lindgren 10335:José M. Hernández 10290:Andrew J. Feustel 10250:Philippe Cousteau 10230:Catherine Coleman 10220:Gregory Chamitoff 10190:Robert L. Behnken 10170:Richard R. Arnold 10155:Andrew Abercromby 10130:Valerie van Heest 10060:Jochen Hasenmayer 9984:Philippe Tailliez 9909:Henry Way Kendall 9859:Bernard Delemotte 9658:Stephanie Schwabe 9623:John Peter Oleson 9553:George R. Fischer 9498:Michael Arbuthnot 9491:environmentalists 9396:Underwater divers 9385: 9384: 9381: 9380: 9138:Underwater hockey 9094:Underwater sports 9083: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9029: 9028: 9025: 9024: 8992:Cave Diving Group 8612:Commercial diving 8495: 8494: 8475:Specialist skills 8464:Master Instructor 8459:Diving instructor 8440:Leadership skills 8401:CMAS* scuba diver 8364: 8363: 8337:Low impact diving 8315:Valsalva maneuver 8290:Combat sidestroke 8205:Diving instructor 8149: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8038:Codes of Practice 7942: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7866:Henry Way Kendall 7739:Richard A. Walker 7729:Robert John Smyth 7442:Awards and events 7397:covert operations 7390: 7389: 6960: 6959: 6907: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6727:William Paul Fife 6662:diving physiology 6539: 6538: 6482: 6481: 6435:Nitrogen narcosis 6430:Hydrogen narcosis 6319:Dental barotrauma 6223: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6202:Operations manual 6197:Diving supervisor 6068:Diving supervisor 6063:Diver's attendant 6025:Safety data sheet 5928:Rebreather diving 5792: 5791: 5731:Willful violation 5678:Nitrogen narcosis 5521: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5385:Cave Diving Group 5328:Rebreather diving 5323:Open-water diving 5245: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5054:Abrasive waterjet 5010: 5009: 4914:Underwater survey 4833:Scientific diving 4743: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4377:Diving supervisor 4362:Diving instructor 4306: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4243:Octopus wrestling 4174:Nataliia Zharkova 4149:William Trubridge 4104:Umberto Pelizzari 3760:Underwater hockey 3684: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3648:Saturation spread 3471:Atlantis ROV Team 3451:Remotely operated 3445: 3444: 3422:Helgoland Habitat 3342:Saturation system 3231:Nitrox production 3165:Diving air filter 3016: 3015: 3012: 3011: 2979:Oceanic Worldwide 2869:Aqua Lung America 2843: 2842: 2825:Scuba replacement 2805:Diver's umbilical 2770:Siebe Gorman CDBA 2755:Mark IV Amphibian 2392:Diver's telephone 2353:Octopus regulator 1892:Decompression gas 1775:Saturation diving 1755:Diving activities 1744:Underwater diving 1238:"Joule Expansion" 1076:978-0-915539-10-9 705:Diving regulators 554:diving supervisor 512:1. Snowy surface. 447:before the dive. 300:quality assurance 11960: 11928: 11916: 11915: 11882: 11881: 11870: 11869: 11858: 11857: 11767:Neutral buoyancy 11723:Reef Life Survey 11612: 11611: 11588:Submarine escape 11475:Deep-submergence 11471: 11470: 11442:Submarine rescue 11239:Deep-submergence 11235: 11234: 11183: 11182: 11029: 11028: 10933: 10932: 10843:Neutral buoyancy 10824: 10823: 10802: 10801: 10630:Jeffrey Williams 10480:Nicholas Patrick 10455:Andreas Mogensen 10420:Thomas Marshburn 10390:Dominic Landucci 10380:Karen Kohanowich 10300:Satoshi Furukawa 10195:Randolph Bresnik 10165:Clayton Anderson 10100:Arthur C. Clarke 10070:Jarrod Jablonski 9974:Wesley C. Skiles 9959:Leni Riefenstahl 9844:Jacques Cousteau 9726:Claudia Serpieri 9643:William R. Royal 9608:Charles T. Meide 9538:James P. Delgado 9476:Arne Zetterström 9441:Jacques Cousteau 9404: 9403: 9391: 9390: 9259:Sports governing 9155:Underwater rugby 9102: 9101: 9089: 9088: 9064:training courses 9036:training centres 8974: 8973: 8864:Scientific diver 8570:Commercial diver 8567: 8566: 8505:and registration 8431:Supervised diver 8426:Open Water Diver 8416:Low Impact Diver 8396:Autonomous diver 8381: 8380: 8310:Frenzel maneuver 8295:Diver navigation 8280: 8279: 8193:Skill assessment 8166: 8165: 8155: 8154: 7959: 7958: 7948: 7947: 7921:Esbjörn Svensson 7906:Wesley C. Skiles 7809:Cláudio Coutinho 7759:Arne Zetterström 7734:Albert D. Stover 7697:Craig M. Hoffman 7540:Charles Spalding 7482: 7481: 7311: 7310: 7151:Louis de Corlieu 7136:Jacques Cousteau 7028: 7027: 6966: 6965: 6913: 6912: 6682:Peter B. Bennett 6677:Albert R. Behnke 6656: 6655: 6352: 6351: 6277: 6276: 6242: 6241: 6229: 6228: 6172:Contingency plan 6167:Code of practice 6128:Diving regulator 6116:Hydrostatic test 6053:Chamber operator 6036: 6035: 5813:Emergency ascent 5739: 5738: 5584: 5583: 5527: 5526: 5343:Technical diving 5333:Sidemount diving 5288: 5287: 5251: 5250: 5155: 5154: 5082:Pressure washing 4920: 4919: 4576:Marine Commandos 4475: 4474: 4413: 4412: 4402:Scientific diver 4340:Commercial diver 4325: 4324: 4312: 4311: 4169:Alessia Zecchini 4074:Alexey Molchanov 3984:Yasemin Dalkılıç 3765:Underwater rugby 3703: 3702: 3690: 3689: 3655:Hot water system 3580:Safety equipment 3398: 3397: 3219:Gas storage tube 3214:Gas storage quad 3209:Gas storage bank 3118:Activated carbon 3045:Boarding stirrup 3038:Access equipment 3035: 3034: 3022: 3021: 2959:Johnson Outdoors 2954:HeinrichsWeikamp 2792:diving equipment 2790:Surface-supplied 2715:Halcyon PVR-BASC 2599: 2598: 2574:Regulator freeze 2559:Diving regulator 2463:Shark-proof cage 2258:Pneumofathometer 2156:Free-flow helmet 1839: 1838: 1817:Diving equipment 1812: 1811: 1737: 1730: 1723: 1714: 1713: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1584: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1524: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1499: 1490: 1489: 1467: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1448: 1441: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1411: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1363: 1354: 1353: 1341: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1293: 1282: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1263: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1253: 1244:. Archived from 1233: 1227: 1226: 1222: 1175: 1174: 1172: 1171: 1165: 1154: 1143: 1137: 1136: 1134: 1133: 1127: 1116: 1105: 1099: 1098: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1062: 1027: 1026: 1024: 1023: 1017: 1006: 995: 954: 953: 951: 950: 944: 937: 926: 686:Some consider a 573:An ice saw or a 551: 541: 530:technical diving 172:diving regulator 11968: 11967: 11963: 11962: 11961: 11959: 11958: 11957: 11943: 11942: 11941: 11936: 11838: 11807: 11770: 11768: 11762: 11655: 11653: 11643: 11610: 11578: 11476: 11469: 11436: 11353:Limiting Factor 11240: 11233: 11214:Offshore survey 11188: 11165: 11144: 11044:Altitude diving 11027: 11007: 10996: 10938: 10931: 10878: 10871: 10838:Metre sea water 10829: 10822: 10809: 10788: 10772: 10741: 10710: 10649: 10635:Sunita Williams 10625:Dafydd Williams 10610:Joachim Wendler 10505:Kathleen Rubins 10500:Garrett Reisman 10445:Simone Melchior 10425:Matthias Maurer 10365:Norishige Kanai 10350:Akihiko Hoshide 10340:John Herrington 10255:Timothy Creamer 10245:Fabien Cousteau 10240:Craig B. Cooper 10215:Scott Carpenter 10210:Berry L. Cannon 10185:Robert A. Barth 10160:Joseph M. Acaba 10141: 10115:John Chatterton 10045:Graham Balcombe 10034: 10028: 10024:J. Lamar Worzel 9839:Neville Coleman 9819:Georges Beuchat 9801: 9795: 9743: 9741: 9735: 9693: 9687: 9683:Cristina Zenato 9603:Innes McCartney 9490: 9488: 9486: 9480: 9436:James F. Cahill 9408: 9398: 9377: 9346: 9263:and federations 9262: 9260: 9254: 9238: 9202: 9176: 9116: 9096: 9075: 9063: 9057: 9035: 9021: 8978: 8972: 8893: 8891: 8890:Technical diver 8885: 8867: 8865: 8859: 8679: 8677: 8675: 8669: 8638: 8636: 8630: 8613: 8607: 8573: 8571: 8565: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8491: 8470: 8435: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8360: 8332:Buddy breathing 8278: 8257:Teaching method 8171: 8160: 8141: 8126: 8110: 8064: 8037: 8031: 7953: 7930: 7871:Artur Kozłowski 7834:Maurice Fargues 7799:Berry L. Cannon 7770: 7763: 7754:Bradley Westell 7749:Joachim Wendler 7667: 7660: 7656:diving accident 7648:diving accident 7640:diving accident 7632:diving accident 7630:Stena Seaspread 7624:diving accident 7616:diving accident 7595: 7588: 7579:Nicholas Mevoli 7549: 7545:Ebenezer Watson 7523: 7502: 7473: 7449:Hans Hass Award 7437: 7416: 7411:Rainbow Warrior 7409:Sinking of the 7396: 7386: 7318: 7316: 7309: 7280:Magnesium torch 7251: 7245: 7211:Auguste Piccard 7196:John Lethbridge 7116:Georges Beuchat 7098: 7092: 7075: 7069: 7032: 7026: 6973: 6956: 6918: 6895: 6809: 6807: 6801: 6777:Neal W. Pollock 6663: 6661: 6647: 6638:Fitness to dive 6616: 6585: 6535: 6488: 6478: 6466: 6460: 6439: 6381: 6377:Oxygen toxicity 6350: 6281: 6275: 6266:Motion sickness 6247: 6236: 6234:Diving medicine 6211: 6148: 6146: 6139: 6098: 6092: 6034: 5981:Risk assessment 5971:Hazard analysis 5954: 5947: 5799: 5788: 5737: 5683:Oxygen toxicity 5589: 5582: 5534: 5513: 5496: 5490: 5438: 5432: 5364: 5357: 5298:Altitude diving 5286: 5258: 5233: 5160: 5153: 5124: 5118: 5046: 5040: 5017: 5006: 4918: 4838:Ships husbandry 4750: 4735: 4621:Royal Engineers 4536:Grup Gerak Khas 4496:Commando Hubert 4482: 4480: 4473: 4462:U.S. Navy diver 4437:Clearance diver 4418: 4411: 4319: 4298: 4252: 4226: 4178: 4134:Martin Štěpánek 4129:Aharon Solomons 4119:Stig Severinsen 4069:Stéphane Mifsud 4019:Flavia Eberhard 3994:Flavia Eberhard 3959:Derya Can Göçen 3944:Peppo Biscarini 3939:Simone Arrigoni 3934:Deborah Andollo 3922: 3864: 3835:No-limits apnea 3799:Constant weight 3774: 3697: 3676: 3626: 3587:Diver down flag 3575: 3452: 3441: 3437:Tektite habitat 3403: 3396: 3346: 3271: 3264: 3248:Oxygen analyser 3226:Helium analyzer 3170:Water separator 3128:Molecular sieve 3105: 3099: 3029: 3008: 2851: 2849: 2839: 2791: 2784: 2730:Interspiro DCSC 2666: 2604: 2597: 2530:Diving cylinder 2516: 2514: 2507: 2340: 2334: 2273: 2267: 2214:Instrumentation 2209: 2138: 2132: 2063: 2005: 1998: 1942: 1936: 1863: 1842:Basic equipment 1837: 1819: 1806: 1800:Unmanned diving 1746: 1741: 1690: 1685: 1675: 1673: 1660: 1659: 1655: 1645: 1643: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1615: 1613: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1571: 1569: 1562:www.divessi.com 1556: 1555: 1551: 1541: 1539: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1501: 1500: 1493: 1482: 1468: 1461: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1439: 1431: 1427: 1412: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1380: 1379: 1375: 1364: 1357: 1342: 1323: 1314: 1312: 1294: 1285: 1275: 1273: 1265: 1264: 1260: 1251: 1249: 1234: 1230: 1223: 1178: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1152: 1144: 1140: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1114: 1106: 1102: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1077: 1063: 1030: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1004: 996: 957: 948: 946: 942: 935: 927: 918: 914: 877: 845: 836: 798: 760: 743: 702: 700:Scuba equipment 661: 644: 633:is appropriate. 523: 521: 519: 517: 515: 513: 511: 501: 499: 497: 495: 493: 483: 481: 479: 477: 475: 468: 459: 453: 436: 413: 400: 369: 325: 312: 218: 168: 162: 107: 95: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11966: 11956: 11955: 11938: 11937: 11935: 11934: 11922: 11910: 11903: 11896: 11888: 11876: 11864: 11851: 11848: 11847: 11844: 11843: 11840: 11839: 11837: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11815: 11813: 11809: 11808: 11806: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11774: 11772: 11769:facilities for 11764: 11763: 11761: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11659: 11657: 11649: 11648: 11645: 11644: 11642: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11620: 11618: 11609: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11592: 11590: 11584: 11583: 11580: 11579: 11577: 11576: 11571: 11569:Type 7103 DSRV 11566: 11561: 11556: 11548: 11547: 11546: 11541: 11528: 11523: 11522: 11521: 11513: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11481: 11479: 11477:rescue vehicle 11468: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11446: 11444: 11438: 11437: 11435: 11434: 11426: 11418: 11410: 11402: 11394: 11386: 11378: 11371: 11364: 11356: 11349: 11341: 11334: 11327: 11320: 11313: 11312: 11311: 11304: 11296: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11266: 11261: 11253: 11245: 11243: 11232: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11210: 11209: 11199: 11193: 11190: 11189: 11179: 11178: 11175: 11174: 11171: 11170: 11167: 11166: 11164: 11163: 11158: 11152: 11150: 11146: 11145: 11143: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11126: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11114: 11113: 11098: 11097: 11096: 11091: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11069:Inshore diving 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11035: 11033: 11032:Classification 11026: 11025: 11024: 11023: 11012: 11010: 11002: 11001: 10998: 10997: 10995: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10978: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10943: 10941: 10930: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10883: 10881: 10873: 10872: 10870: 10869: 10868: 10867: 10857: 10856: 10855: 10845: 10840: 10834: 10832: 10821: 10820: 10814: 10811: 10810: 10798: 10797: 10794: 10793: 10790: 10789: 10787: 10786: 10780: 10778: 10774: 10773: 10771: 10770: 10765: 10763:Sydney Knowles 10760: 10755: 10749: 10747: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10739: 10737:John Volanthen 10734: 10729: 10727:Richard Harris 10724: 10718: 10716: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10696:Trevor Jackson 10693: 10691:Hillary Hauser 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10671:Philippe Diolé 10668: 10663: 10657: 10655: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10600:Shannon Walker 10597: 10595:Rex J. Walheim 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10570:Daniel M. Tani 10567: 10562: 10557: 10555:Hervé Stevenin 10552: 10550:Robert Sténuit 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10510:Dick Rutkowski 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10490:Thomas Pesquet 10487: 10482: 10477: 10475:Luca Parmitano 10472: 10467: 10465:John D. Olivas 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10435:Craig McKinley 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10325:Chris Hadfield 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10295:Michael Fincke 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10225:Steve Chappell 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10151: 10149: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10139: 10138: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10104: 10103: 10102: 10094: 10093: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10038: 10036: 10030: 10029: 10027: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9999:Albert Tillman 9996: 9994:Valerie Taylor 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9869:Candice Farmer 9866: 9864:David Doubilet 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9814:Tamara Benitez 9811: 9805: 9803: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9751:Samir Alhafith 9747: 9745: 9744:and presenters 9737: 9736: 9734: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9701:Pascal Bernabé 9697: 9695: 9689: 9688: 9686: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9673:Robert Sténuit 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9653:Gunter Schöbel 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9613:Mark M. Newell 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9593:Robert F. Marx 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9558:Anders Franzén 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9503:Robert Ballard 9500: 9494: 9492: 9482: 9481: 9479: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9466:Dick Rutkowski 9463: 9458: 9456:Trevor Hampton 9453: 9451:Dottie Frazier 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9412: 9410: 9400: 9399: 9387: 9386: 9383: 9382: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9354: 9352: 9348: 9347: 9345: 9344: 9343: 9342: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9283: 9282: 9281: 9275: 9269:International 9266: 9264: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9252: 9246: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9210: 9208: 9204: 9203: 9201: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9184: 9182: 9178: 9177: 9175: 9174: 9169: 9168: 9167: 9162: 9152: 9151: 9150: 9145: 9135: 9130: 9124: 9122: 9118: 9117: 9115: 9114: 9108: 9106: 9098: 9097: 9085: 9084: 9081: 9080: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9067: 9065: 9062:Military diver 9059: 9058: 9056: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9039: 9037: 9034:Military diver 9031: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9019: 9013: 9007: 9001: 8995: 8989: 8982: 8980: 8971: 8970: 8964: 8958: 8952: 8946: 8940: 8934: 8928: 8922: 8916: 8910: 8904: 8897: 8895: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8883: 8878: 8871: 8869: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8857: 8852: 8846: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8822: 8816: 8810: 8804: 8798: 8792: 8786: 8780: 8774: 8768: 8762: 8756: 8750: 8744: 8738: 8732: 8726: 8720: 8714: 8708: 8702: 8696: 8690: 8683: 8681: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8661: 8655: 8649: 8642: 8640: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8628: 8623: 8617: 8615: 8609: 8608: 8606: 8605: 8600: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8577: 8575: 8564: 8563: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8541: 8536: 8530: 8524: 8518: 8511: 8509: 8501:Diver training 8497: 8496: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8489: 8484: 8478: 8476: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8456: 8455: 8454: 8443: 8441: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8387: 8385: 8378: 8366: 8365: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8347: 8346: 8345: 8344: 8334: 8324: 8319: 8318: 8317: 8312: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8286: 8284: 8277: 8276: 8275: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8254: 8253: 8252: 8247: 8237: 8236: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8196: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8176: 8174: 8162: 8161: 8151: 8150: 8147: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8118: 8116: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8108: 8101: 8094: 8087: 8080: 8072: 8070: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8041: 8039: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8022: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7980: 7973: 7965: 7963: 7955: 7954: 7944: 7943: 7940: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7881:Kirsty MacColl 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7857: 7856: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7814:E. Yale Dawson 7811: 7806: 7804:Cotton Coulson 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7775: 7773: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7673: 7671: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7658: 7650: 7646:Waage Drill II 7642: 7634: 7626: 7618: 7610: 7606:Byford Dolphin 7601: 7599: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7564:Stephen Keenan 7560: 7558: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7531: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7510: 7508: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7500: 7495:Sinking of MV 7491: 7489: 7479: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7445: 7443: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7435: 7430: 7424: 7422: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7414: 7406: 7400: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7385: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7323: 7321: 7308: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7269: 7261: 7255: 7253: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7243: 7241:Jacques Triger 7238: 7233: 7231:Augustus Siebe 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7191:Yves Le Prieur 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7131:John R. Clarke 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7102: 7100: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7085: 7079: 7077: 7074:Underwater art 7071: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7045: 7036: 7034: 7025: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6962: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6909: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6893: 6887: 6881: 6875: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6843: 6837: 6831: 6825: 6819: 6813: 6811: 6806:Diving medical 6803: 6802: 6800: 6799: 6797:Jacques Triger 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6772:Charles Momsen 6769: 6767:Simon Mitchell 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6712:John R. Clarke 6709: 6704: 6702:Alf O. Brubakk 6699: 6694: 6692:George F. Bond 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6668: 6666: 6660:Researchers in 6653: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6593: 6591: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6583: 6578: 6576:Oxygen therapy 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6492: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6476: 6470: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6447: 6445: 6444:Carbon dioxide 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6395: 6389: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6358: 6356: 6349: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6296: 6291: 6285: 6283: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6252: 6250: 6238: 6237: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6153: 6151: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6118: 6108: 6102: 6100: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6088:Stand-by diver 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6044: 6042: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6015:Permit To Work 6012: 6010:Lockout–tagout 6007: 6002: 6001: 6000: 5990: 5985: 5984: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5965: 5959: 5957: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5908:Doing It Right 5905: 5903:Diver training 5900: 5895: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5883: 5881:Rule of thirds 5873: 5868: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5829: 5828: 5827: 5817: 5816: 5815: 5804: 5802: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5745: 5743: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5664:Physiological 5662: 5661: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5600: 5594: 5592: 5581: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5523: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5511: 5506: 5500: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5442: 5440: 5437:Diving tourism 5434: 5433: 5431: 5430: 5424: 5418: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5369: 5367: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5294: 5292: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5189: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5142:Hawaiian sling 5134: 5128: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5090: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5050: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5022: 5020: 5012: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4997: 4989: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4959: 4951: 4944: 4937: 4928: 4926: 4924:Salvage diving 4917: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4861: 4860: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4804: 4803: 4798: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4777: 4776: 4769:Diver training 4766: 4761: 4755: 4753: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4487: 4485: 4472: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4423: 4421: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4337: 4331: 4329: 4321: 4320: 4308: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4197: 4192: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4144:Tanya Streeter 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4099:Herbert Nitsch 4096: 4094:Guillaume Néry 4091: 4089:Patrick Musimu 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4064:Kate Middleton 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3999:Şahika Ercümen 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3930: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3918:Water polo cap 3915: 3914: 3913: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3886:Hawaiian sling 3883: 3878: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3849: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3829:Free immersion 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3793: 3788: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3741: 3740: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3709: 3707: 3699: 3698: 3686: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3674: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3657: 3652: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3571:VideoRay UROVs 3568: 3563: 3561:SJT-class ROUV 3558: 3553: 3548: 3546:Seabed tractor 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3516:Mini Rover ROV 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3461:8A4-class ROUV 3457: 3455: 3447: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3395: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3327:Diving chamber 3324: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3276: 3274: 3266: 3265: 3263: 3262: 3257: 3256: 3255: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3228: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3216: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3195: 3194: 3184: 3183: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3136: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3113:Air filtration 3109: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3097: 3092: 3090:Messenger line 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3041: 3039: 3031: 3030: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2934:Maurice Fernez 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2855: 2853: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2796: 2794: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2676: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2664: 2663: 2662: 2660:Sling cylinder 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2638:Scuba manifold 2630: 2625: 2620: 2618:Bailout bottle 2609: 2607: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2577: 2576: 2566: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2552:Reclaim helmet 2544: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2527: 2521: 2519: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2481:Diving compass 2478: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2429:Bailout bottle 2426: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2394: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2361: 2360: 2355: 2344: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2305: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2293: 2283: 2277: 2275: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2198:Full-face mask 2195: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2171:Reclaim helmet 2168: 2163: 2158: 2148: 2142: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2126:Hot-water suit 2123: 2113: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2101: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2073: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2010: 2008: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1955:Power inflator 1946: 1944: 1943:trim equipment 1938: 1937: 1935: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1873: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1845: 1843: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1757: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1740: 1739: 1732: 1725: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1701: 1696: 1689: 1688:External links 1686: 1684: 1683: 1653: 1623: 1593: 1579: 1549: 1519: 1491: 1480: 1459: 1425: 1403: 1386:store.padi.com 1373: 1355: 1321: 1283: 1258: 1228: 1176: 1138: 1100: 1082: 1075: 1028: 955: 915: 913: 910: 902: 901: 898: 895: 888: 887: 884: 876: 873: 844: 841: 835: 832: 831: 830: 829: 828: 823:A device like 821: 818: 815: 812: 809: 803: 802: 797: 794: 790: 789: 782: 781: 780: 779: 775: 759: 756: 755: 754: 751: 747: 742: 739: 730: 729: 725: 721: 701: 698: 684: 683: 679: 676: 660: 659:Exposure suits 657: 643: 640: 639: 638: 634: 627:Gas management 624: 609: 605: 602: 599: 595: 592: 589: 581: 578: 571: 549:stand-by diver 498:3. Ice cover 480:3. Ice cover 467: 464: 452: 449: 435: 432: 428: 427: 424: 421: 417: 412: 409: 399: 396: 395: 394: 391: 388: 385: 382: 379: 378: 377: 368: 365: 364: 363: 360: 359: 358: 352: 351: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 329: 324: 321: 311: 308: 260: 259: 252: 248: 245: 242: 239: 236: 217: 214: 161: 158: 157: 156: 153: 150: 147: 143: 142: 141: 135: 130: 124: 106: 103: 94: 91: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11965: 11954: 11951: 11950: 11948: 11933: 11932: 11927: 11923: 11921: 11920: 11911: 11909: 11908: 11904: 11902: 11901: 11897: 11895: 11894: 11889: 11887: 11886: 11877: 11875: 11874: 11865: 11863: 11862: 11853: 11852: 11849: 11835: 11834:Seabed mining 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11816: 11814: 11810: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11775: 11773: 11765: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11660: 11658: 11650: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11621: 11619: 11617: 11613: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11593: 11591: 11589: 11585: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11554: 11549: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11536: 11535: 11533: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11520: 11519: 11514: 11512: 11511: 11506: 11505: 11504: 11502: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11482: 11480: 11478: 11472: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11447: 11445: 11443: 11439: 11433: 11432: 11427: 11425: 11424: 11419: 11417: 11416: 11411: 11409: 11408: 11403: 11401: 11400: 11395: 11393: 11392: 11387: 11385: 11383: 11379: 11377: 11376: 11372: 11370: 11369: 11365: 11363: 11362: 11357: 11355: 11354: 11350: 11348: 11346: 11342: 11340: 11339: 11335: 11333: 11332: 11328: 11326: 11325: 11321: 11319: 11318: 11314: 11310: 11309: 11305: 11303: 11301: 11297: 11295: 11293: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11276: 11272: 11271: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11259: 11254: 11252: 11251: 11247: 11246: 11244: 11242: 11236: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11208: 11205: 11204: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11194: 11191: 11184: 11180: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11153: 11151: 11147: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11112: 11109: 11108: 11107: 11104: 11103: 11102: 11099: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11086: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11064:Inland diving 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11030: 11022: 11019: 11018: 11017: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11009: 11003: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10987:Oxygen window 10985: 10983: 10980: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10937:Decompression 10934: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10897:Diving reflex 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10884: 10882: 10880: 10874: 10866: 10863: 10862: 10861: 10858: 10854: 10851: 10850: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10835: 10833: 10831: 10825: 10819: 10816: 10815: 10812: 10808: 10803: 10799: 10785: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10775: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10750: 10748: 10744: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10722:Craig Challen 10720: 10719: 10717: 10713: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10652: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10620:Peggy Whitson 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10590:Koichi Wakata 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10575:Robert Thirsk 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10565:James Talacek 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10540:Steve Squyres 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10530:Robert Sheats 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10470:Takuya Onishi 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10415:Sandra Magnus 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10395:Jon Lindbergh 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10385:Timothy Kopra 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10355:Mark Hulsbeck 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10330:Jeremy Hansen 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10275:Jeanette Epps 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10260:Jonathan Dory 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10144: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10120:Clive Cussler 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10101: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10085:Jack Sheppard 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10065:Jill Heinerth 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10040: 10039: 10037: 10031: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10009:Stan Waterman 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9979:E. Lee Spence 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9964:Peter Scoones 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9929:Agnes Milowka 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9889:Stephen Frink 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9849:John D. Craig 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9829:Jonathan Bird 9827: 9825: 9824:Adrian Biddle 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9802:photographers 9798: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9771:Richie Kohler 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9748: 9746: 9738: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9690: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9668:E. Lee Spence 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9648:Margaret Rule 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9578:Graham Jessop 9576: 9574: 9573:David Gibbins 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9533:Eugenie Clark 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9495: 9493: 9483: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9405: 9401: 9397: 9392: 9388: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9349: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9270: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9261:organisations 9257: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9205: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9179: 9173: 9170: 9166: 9165:United States 9163: 9161: 9158: 9157: 9156: 9153: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9140: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9119: 9113: 9110: 9109: 9107: 9103: 9099: 9095: 9090: 9086: 9072: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9060: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9032: 9017: 9014: 9011: 9008: 9005: 9002: 8999: 8996: 8993: 8990: 8987: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8975: 8968: 8965: 8962: 8959: 8956: 8953: 8950: 8947: 8944: 8941: 8938: 8935: 8932: 8929: 8926: 8923: 8920: 8917: 8914: 8911: 8908: 8905: 8902: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8892:certification 8888: 8882: 8879: 8876: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8866:certification 8862: 8856: 8853: 8850: 8847: 8844: 8841: 8838: 8835: 8832: 8829: 8826: 8823: 8820: 8817: 8814: 8811: 8808: 8805: 8802: 8799: 8796: 8793: 8790: 8787: 8784: 8781: 8778: 8775: 8772: 8769: 8766: 8763: 8760: 8757: 8754: 8751: 8748: 8745: 8742: 8739: 8736: 8733: 8730: 8727: 8724: 8721: 8718: 8715: 8712: 8709: 8706: 8703: 8700: 8697: 8694: 8691: 8688: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8678:certification 8672: 8665: 8662: 8659: 8656: 8653: 8650: 8647: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8637:certification 8633: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8610: 8604: 8601: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8582: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8572:certification 8568: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8534: 8531: 8528: 8525: 8522: 8519: 8516: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8507:organisations 8503:certification 8498: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8473: 8465: 8462: 8461: 8460: 8457: 8453: 8450: 8449: 8448: 8445: 8444: 8442: 8438: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374:certification 8367: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8343: 8340: 8339: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8329: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8281: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8262:Muscle memory 8260: 8259: 8258: 8255: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8242: 8241: 8238: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8210:Diving school 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8180: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8167: 8163: 8156: 8152: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8129: 8123: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8106: 8102: 8100: 8099: 8098:Shadow Divers 8095: 8093: 8092: 8091:The Last Dive 8088: 8086: 8085: 8081: 8079: 8078: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8067: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8036:Standards and 8034: 8028: 8027: 8023: 8021: 8020: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7981: 7979: 7978: 7974: 7972: 7971: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7949: 7945: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7886:Agnes Milowka 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7855: 7852: 7851: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7766: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7677:Roger Baldwin 7675: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7663: 7657: 7655: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7591: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7574:Audrey Mestre 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7507:Diver rescues 7505: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7483: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7440: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7419: 7413: 7412: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7393: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7342:Human torpedo 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7320: 7312: 7306: 7305:Vintage scuba 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7270: 7268: 7267: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7248: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7111:William Beebe 7109: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7099:and inventors 7095: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7061: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7052: 7051: 7046: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7031:Archeological 7029: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6976: 6972: 6967: 6963: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6921: 6914: 6910: 6891: 6888: 6885: 6882: 6879: 6876: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6847: 6844: 6841: 6838: 6835: 6832: 6829: 6826: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6810:organisations 6804: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6657: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6588: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6485: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6465:Breathing gas 6463: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6384: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6353: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6314:Barodontalgia 6312: 6310: 6309:Aerosinusitis 6307: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6294:Barostriction 6292: 6290: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6278: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6249: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6230: 6226: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6142: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6129: 6126: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6095: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5876:Dive planning 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5866:Dive briefing 5864: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5844:Decompression 5842: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5821: 5818: 5814: 5811: 5810: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5795: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5740: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5726:Trait anxiety 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5673:Decompression 5671: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5603:Environmental 5601: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5533: 5532:Diving safety 5528: 5524: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5497:and festivals 5495:Diving events 5493: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5476:Shark tourism 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5435: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5365:organisations 5360: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5248: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5156: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5114:Water jetting 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5104:Thermal lance 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5013: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4960: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4843:Sponge diving 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4818:Police diving 4816: 4814: 4813:Pearl hunting 4811: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4781:Hazmat diving 4779: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4746: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4706:US Navy SEALs 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4556:JW Komandosów 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4476: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4342: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257:Organisations 4255: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4164:Danai Varveri 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4114:Annelie Pompe 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4054:Audrey Mestre 4052: 4050: 4049:Jacques Mayol 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4014:Pierre Frolla 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3954:Sara Campbell 3952: 3950: 3949:Michael Board 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3817:Dynamic apnea 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3791:Vertical Blue 3789: 3787: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3733:Pearl hunting 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3691: 3687: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3638:Diving spread 3636: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3526:ROV KIEL 6000 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3448: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3399: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3270:Decompression 3267: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3246: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3104:Breathing gas 3102: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3060:Diving ladder 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3019: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2884:René Cavalero 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2852:manufacturers 2846: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2685:Carleton CDBA 2683: 2681: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2547:Diving helmet 2545: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2510: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2476:Distance line 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2458:Safety helmet 2456: 2454: 2453:Rescue tether 2451: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2424:Bailout block 2422: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2385:Diver's knife 2383: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2231:Dive computer 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2166:Orinasal mask 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2151:Diving helmet 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2135: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2054:Jersey upline 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2034:Dive computer 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2004:Decompression 2001: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1977:Ankle weights 1975: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1887:Breathing air 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1869:Breathing gas 1866: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1657: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1627: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1590:. CMAS. 2009. 1589: 1583: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1553: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1523: 1508: 1504: 1498: 1496: 1488: 1483: 1477: 1473: 1466: 1464: 1445: 1438: 1437: 1429: 1421: 1417: 1410: 1408: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1377: 1369: 1362: 1360: 1351: 1347: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1272: 1271:stonerust.com 1268: 1262: 1248:on 2012-06-13 1247: 1243: 1239: 1236:Salzman, WR. 1232: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1162: 1158: 1151: 1150: 1142: 1124: 1120: 1113: 1112: 1104: 1096: 1092: 1086: 1078: 1072: 1068: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1014: 1010: 1003: 1002: 994: 992: 990: 988: 986: 984: 982: 980: 978: 976: 974: 972: 970: 968: 966: 964: 962: 960: 941: 934: 933: 925: 923: 921: 916: 909: 905: 899: 896: 893: 892: 891: 885: 882: 881: 880: 872: 870: 866: 865:Baffin Island 862: 858: 854: 850: 840: 826: 822: 819: 816: 813: 810: 807: 806: 805: 804: 800: 799: 793: 787: 786: 785: 776: 773: 772: 770: 769: 768: 764: 752: 748: 745: 744: 738: 734: 726: 722: 719: 718: 717: 713: 709: 706: 697: 694: 689: 680: 677: 674: 673: 672: 670: 666: 656: 652: 648: 635: 632: 628: 625: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 603: 600: 596: 593: 590: 586: 582: 579: 576: 572: 569: 568: 567: 564: 561: 557: 555: 550: 545: 540: 534: 531: 508: 490: 472: 463: 458: 448: 444: 441: 431: 425: 422: 418: 415: 414: 408: 406: 392: 389: 386: 383: 380: 374: 373: 371: 370: 361: 356: 355: 353: 348: 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 332: 330: 327: 326: 320: 316: 307: 305: 301: 297: 293: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 257: 253: 249: 246: 243: 240: 237: 234: 230: 229: 228: 225: 223: 213: 211: 205: 201: 198: 194: 188: 186: 180: 178: 173: 167: 154: 151: 148: 144: 139: 136: 134: 131: 128: 125: 122: 119: 118: 116: 115: 114: 112: 102: 100: 90: 86: 84: 80: 77:is a type of 76: 68: 60: 52: 44: 36: 28: 21: 11929: 11917: 11905: 11898: 11890: 11883: 11871: 11859: 11634:Steinke hood 11596:Escape trunk 11552: 11531: 11517: 11509: 11500: 11430: 11422: 11415:Shinkai 6500 11414: 11407:Shinkai 2000 11406: 11398: 11390: 11381: 11374: 11367: 11360: 11352: 11344: 11337: 11330: 11323: 11316: 11307: 11299: 11291: 11274: 11257: 11249: 11123:Wreck diving 11117: 11079:Night diving 11008:environments 10784:Keith Jessop 10753:Lionel Crabb 10732:Rick Stanton 10706:John Mattera 10686:Bob Halstead 10681:Bret Gilliam 10676:Gary Gentile 10666:Victor Berge 10640:Reid Wiseman 10560:Nicole Stott 10525:Josef Schmid 10515:Tara Ruttley 10460:Karen Nyberg 10440:Jessica Meir 10320:David Gruber 10285:Albert Falco 10270:Sylvia Earle 10205:Justin Brown 10110:Leigh Bishop 9969:Brian Skerry 9954:Pierre Petit 9944:Steve Parish 9934:Noel Monkman 9914:Rudie Kuiter 9894:Peter Gimbel 9791:Andrew Wight 9711:Mark Ellyatt 9692:Scuba record 9633:Richard Pyle 9543:Sylvia Earle 9528:Cathy Church 9523:Hugh Bradner 9518:Louis Boutan 9513:Mensun Bound 9351:Competitions 9219:Sport diving 9128:Spearfishing 8674:Recreational 8482:Rescue Diver 8370:Recreational 8327:Scuba skills 8305:Ear clearing 8267:Overlearning 8103: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8075: 8024: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7952:Publications 7794:David Bright 7789:Allan Bridge 7769:Scuba diving 7682:John Bennett 7666:Professional 7653: 7645: 7637: 7629: 7622:Star Canopus 7621: 7614:Drill Master 7613: 7605: 7569:Loïc Leferme 7528:Early diving 7496: 7410: 7395:Military and 7377:Welfreighter 7352:Necker Nymph 7273: 7265: 7226:Gordon Smith 7181:Peter Kreeft 7171:Émile Gagnan 7166:Henry Fleuss 7064:Whydah Gally 7062: 7055: 7049: 7041: 6937:Duty of care 6782:John Rawlins 6697:Robert Boyle 6664:and medicine 6521:Laryngospasm 6467:contaminants 6304:Air embolism 6271:Surfer's ear 6145:Occupational 6005:Incident pit 5993:Risk control 5923:Night diving 5913:Drift diving 5898:Diver rescue 5832:Buddy diving 5779:Hyperthermia 5742:Consequences 5721:Task loading 5573:Water safety 5353:Wreck diving 5312: 5000: 4994:Royal George 4993: 4985: 4977: 4970: 4963: 4955: 4947: 4940: 4933: 4808:Media diving 4541:Jagdkommando 4447:Minentaucher 4392:Police diver 4350:Hazmat diver 4139:Walter Steyn 4084:Dave Mullins 4044:Enzo Maiorca 4039:Loïc Leferme 4004:Emma Farrell 3974:Robert Croft 3969:Carlos Coste 3841:Static apnea 3795:Disciplines 3779:Competitions 3750:Spearfishing 3551:Seafox drone 3332:Diving stage 3310:Clump weight 3187:Gas blending 3155:Diver's pump 3140:Booster pump 3070:Diving stage 2994:Siebe Gorman 2969:Morse Diving 2720:Halcyon RB80 2603:Open-circuit 2303:Diving stage 2241:Diving watch 2221:Bottom timer 2049:Diving stage 1987:Trim weights 1941:Buoyancy and 1780:Scuba diving 1760:Diving modes 1674:. Retrieved 1665: 1656: 1644:. Retrieved 1636:www.naui.org 1635: 1626: 1614:. Retrieved 1606:www.bsac.com 1605: 1602:"Ice Diving" 1596: 1587: 1582: 1570:. Retrieved 1561: 1558:"Ice Diving" 1552: 1540:. Retrieved 1532:www.padi.com 1531: 1522: 1510:. Retrieved 1506: 1485: 1471: 1451:. Retrieved 1435: 1428: 1419: 1415: 1394:. Retrieved 1385: 1376: 1367: 1349: 1345: 1313:. Retrieved 1305:ECO Magazine 1304: 1297:Clarke, John 1274:. Retrieved 1270: 1261: 1250:. Retrieved 1246:the original 1231: 1168:. Retrieved 1156: 1148: 1141: 1130:. Retrieved 1118: 1110: 1103: 1095:the original 1085: 1066: 1020:. Retrieved 1008: 1000: 947:. Retrieved 931: 906: 903: 889: 878: 861:Resolute Bay 846: 837: 796:Surface team 791: 783: 765: 761: 735: 731: 714: 710: 703: 685: 662: 653: 649: 645: 621:leopard seal 608:alternative. 565: 562: 558: 535: 527: 460: 445: 437: 429: 405:thermal mass 401: 317: 313: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 226: 219: 206: 202: 193:laryngospasm 189: 181: 177:laryngospasm 169: 108: 96: 87: 74: 73: 11668:CMAS Europe 11629:Momsen lung 11269:Bathyscaphe 11197:Bathysphere 11106:Cave diving 11074:Muck diving 11059:Deep diving 10887:Blood shift 10701:Steve Lewis 10535:Dewey Smith 10495:Marc Reagan 10375:Scott Kelly 10370:Les Kaufman 10280:Sheck Exley 10265:Pedro Duque 10055:Martyn Farr 10050:Sheck Exley 10004:John Veltri 9939:Pete Oxford 9924:Luis Marden 9899:Monty Halls 9884:Ric Frazier 9781:Andy Torbet 9761:Ramón Bravo 9716:Sheck Exley 9663:Myriam Seco 9563:Honor Frost 9508:George Bass 9471:Teseo Tesei 9446:Billy Deans 9426:Mary Bonnin 9289:AIDA Hellas 9181:Breath-hold 9112:Finswimming 8868:authorities 8635:Free-diving 8574:authorities 8447:Dive leader 8132:Dive guides 8026:Basic Scuba 7926:Josef Velek 7916:Rob Stewart 7911:Dewey Smith 7876:Yuri Lipski 7849:Steve Irwin 7829:Sheck Exley 7824:Milan Dufek 7819:Deon Dreyer 7724:Per Skipnes 7638:Venture One 7464:NOGI Awards 7076:and artists 6506:Hypothermia 6451:Hypercapnia 6386:Inert gases 6040:Diving team 5943:Wall diving 5938:Solo diving 5837:buddy check 5820:Boat diving 5774:Hypercapnia 5764:Hypothermia 5688:Seasickness 5633:Wave action 5504:Diversnight 5446:Dive center 5338:Solo diving 5318:Muck diving 5308:Deep diving 5303:Cave diving 5291:Specialties 5132:Limpet mine 5094:Lifting bag 5018:contractors 4764:Dive leader 4636:Shayetet 13 4387:Media diver 4328:Occupations 4222:Hypothermia 4217:Hypercapnia 4059:Karol Meyer 3964:Goran Čolak 3881:Diving suit 3876:Diving mask 3786:Nordic Deep 3592:Diving shot 3536:Scorpio ROV 3305:Closed bell 3300:Bell cursor 3295:Diving bell 3055:Diving bell 2944:Oscar Gugen 2645:Pony bottle 2491:Line marker 2468:Snoopy loop 2409:Diving bell 2358:Pony bottle 2291:Closed bell 2286:Diving bell 2226:Depth gauge 2188:Diving mask 2099:Sladen suit 2069:Diving suit 2044:Diving shot 2039:Diving bell 1992:Weight belt 1877:Bailout gas 1849:Diving mask 1382:"Ice Diver" 853:Lake Baikal 682:understood. 665:fresh water 560:guideline. 544:rope signal 539:line tender 258:of the gas. 127:Hypothermia 93:Environment 11893:Dive sites 11718:Reef Check 11713:PADI AWARE 11683:Green Fins 11616:Escape set 11308:Trieste II 11118:Ice diving 10879:physiology 10645:Kimiya Yui 10360:Emma Hwang 10235:Robin Cook 10125:Bill Nagle 10090:Bill Stone 10033:Underwater 9989:Ron Taylor 9949:Zale Parry 9879:Rodney Fox 9834:Eric Cheng 9809:Doug Allan 9800:Underwater 9742:filmmakers 9740:Underwater 9721:Nuno Gomes 9706:Jim Bowden 9588:Pilar Luna 9487:scientists 9485:Underwater 9243:Rebreather 9198:Freediving 8487:Solo diver 8452:Divemaster 8300:Diver trim 8084:Goldfinder 7844:Guy Garman 7771:fatalities 7670:fatalities 7557:fatalities 7555:Freediving 7497:Conception 7433:Mission 31 7382:Wet Nellie 7317:propulsion 7250:Historical 7216:Joe Savoie 7161:Ted Eldred 7146:John Deane 6456:Hypocapnia 6299:Barotrauma 6147:safety and 6020:Redundancy 5955:management 5800:procedures 5749:Barotrauma 5706:competence 5639:Equipment 5313:Ice diving 5159:Underwater 5123:Underwater 5073:Brush cart 4749:Underwater 4546:JW Formoza 4357:Divemaster 4231:Historical 4190:Barotrauma 4159:Fatma Uruk 4124:Tom Sietas 4109:Liv Philip 3927:Freedivers 3745:Snorkeling 3723:Freediving 3706:Activities 3695:Freediving 3643:Air spread 3506:Kaşif ROUV 3481:Deep Drone 3402:Underwater 3378:Subskimmer 3373:Liveaboard 3133:Silica gel 3050:Diver lift 2924:Drägerwerk 2909:Dive Xtras 2894:Cressi-Sub 2535:Burst disc 2513:Underwater 2501:Silt screw 2375:Dive light 2370:Buddy line 2236:Dive timer 2121:Dive skins 1960:Dump valve 1927:Travel gas 1882:Bottom gas 1785:Snorkeling 1770:Freediving 1704:Ice Diving 1481:0971326703 1453:2022-04-06 1315:2015-03-07 1252:2012-05-27 1170:2022-04-06 1132:2022-04-06 1022:2022-04-06 949:2022-04-06 912:References 724:equipment. 613:Polar bear 466:Procedures 457:Wind chill 455:See also: 451:Wind chill 398:Mitigation 164:See also: 75:Ice diving 11891:Indexes: 11391:Sea Cliff 11324:Ictineu 3 11275:Archimède 11250:Aluminaut 10580:Bill Todd 10485:Tim Peake 10345:Paul Hill 10147:Aquanauts 10080:Tom Mount 10035:explorers 9904:Hans Hass 9854:Ben Cropp 9786:Ivan Tors 9776:Paul Rose 9461:Hans Hass 9409:of diving 9285:National 9188:Aquathlon 9143:Australia 8833:(ScotSAC) 7901:Dave Shaw 7861:Jim Jones 7598:incidents 7488:incidents 7486:Dive boat 7478:Incidents 7259:Aqua-Lung 7252:equipment 7097:Engineers 7083:The Diver 7042:Commodore 6687:Paul Bert 6621:Screening 6590:Personnel 6556:First aid 6544:Treatment 6487:Immersion 6367:Hyperoxia 6346:Dysbarism 6248:disorders 6097:Equipment 5963:Checklist 5854:Pyle stop 5179:Powerhead 5147:Polespear 5047:equipment 5045:Tools and 4978:Mary Rose 4964:Lusitania 4956:Laurentic 3891:Polespear 3869:Equipment 3713:Aquathlon 3531:ROV PHOCA 3501:Kaikō ROV 3358:Dive boat 3351:Platforms 3272:equipment 3199:Gas panel 3123:Hopcalite 3095:Moon pool 2939:Technisub 2889:Cis-Lunar 2859:AP Diving 2850:equipment 2815:Gas panel 2655:Sidemount 2613:Scuba set 2517:apparatus 2515:breathing 2486:Dive reel 2365:Bolt snap 2341:equipment 2318:PowerSwim 2274:equipment 2203:Half mask 2193:Band mask 2139:and masks 2111:Rash vest 2006:equipment 1907:Hydreliox 1307:: 20–25. 849:White Sea 669:sea water 642:Equipment 575:chain saw 251:transfer. 210:frostbite 140:freezing: 138:Regulator 121:Frostbite 11947:Category 11885:Glossary 11861:Category 11654:interest 11361:Losharik 11338:Jiaolong 11300:Sea Pole 10715:Rescuers 9421:Aquanaut 9407:Pioneers 9160:Colombia 8951:(ProTec) 8894:agencies 8803:(ProTec) 8731:(FFESSM) 8680:agencies 8639:agencies 8172:training 8115:Research 8050:DIN 7876 7654:Wildrake 7594:Offshore 7319:vehicles 6880:(SAUHMA) 6808:research 6652:Research 6501:Drowning 6496:Asphyxia 6418:Taravana 6280:Pressure 5871:Dive log 5759:Drowning 5704:Lack of 5643:Freeflow 5628:Silt out 5623:Overhead 5439:industry 5411:(FFESSM) 5137:Speargun 4948:La Belle 4479:Military 4417:Military 4195:Drowning 3906:Swimfins 3901:Speargun 3612:Jackstay 3556:SeaPerch 3486:Épaulard 3320:Wet bell 3280:Air-lock 3106:handling 3080:Jackstay 3075:Downline 2984:Porpoise 2800:Air line 2760:Porpoise 2436:Lifeline 2325:Towboard 2296:Wet bell 2272:Mobility 2146:Anti-fog 2094:Dry suit 2087:Newtsuit 2082:JIM suit 1670:Archived 1646:29 April 1640:Archived 1616:29 April 1610:Archived 1572:29 April 1566:Archived 1542:29 April 1536:Archived 1444:Archived 1390:Archived 1309:Archived 1299:(2015). 1276:5 August 1161:Archived 1123:Archived 1013:Archived 940:Archived 834:Location 825:crampons 728:minimum. 688:dry suit 185:lift bag 11919:Outline 11873:Commons 11738:SeaKeys 11652:Special 11559:SRV-300 11516:DSRV-2 11508:DSRV-1 11399:Shinkai 11375:Nautile 11292:Harmony 11241:vehicle 10830:physics 10746:Frogmen 10106:Wrecks 9694:holders 8933:(IANTD) 8755:(IANTD) 8725:(FEDAS) 8614:schools 8562:(WRSTC) 8523:(IDRCF) 7962:Manuals 7285:Nikonos 7272:SP-350 7266:Calypso 7050:Monitor 6874:(SPUMS) 6489:related 6372:Hypoxia 6282:related 6078:Gas man 6048:Bellman 5769:Hypoxia 5613:Delta-P 5608:Current 5590:hazards 5405:(FEDAS) 5169:Gyrojet 5161:firearm 5125:weapons 5087:Pigging 5059:Airlift 4986:Monitor 4731:UNGERIN 4566:KOPASKA 4551:JW GROM 4526:Fukuryu 4442:Frogman 4382:Haenyeo 4183:Hazards 3911:Monofin 3728:Haenyeo 3631:General 3617:Jonline 3521:OpenROV 3404:habitat 2879:Beuchat 2710:Dolphin 2330:Wet sub 2313:Monofin 2308:Swimfin 2137:Helmets 2116:Wetsuit 2059:Jonline 1859:Swimfin 1854:Snorkel 1676:28 July 1512:30 July 1396:29 July 843:Regions 750:divers. 629:for an 105:Hazards 11931:Portal 11907:Diving 11900:Divers 11656:groups 11553:Remora 11518:Avalon 11510:Mystic 11501:Mystic 11429:DSV-5 11423:Turtle 11382:Pisces 11345:Konsul 11286:FNRS-3 11281:FNRS-2 11149:Impact 11006:Diving 10939:theory 10877:Diving 10828:Diving 10096:Reefs 10041:Caves 9148:Turkey 9012:(NAUI) 8988:(CDAA) 8979:diving 8957:(RAID) 8945:(PDIC) 8939:(PADI) 8927:(FIAS) 8921:(DSAT) 8915:(CMAS) 8909:(BSAC) 8903:(ANDI) 8877:(AAUS) 8845:(TSSF) 8809:(RAID) 8797:(PDIC) 8791:(PADI) 8779:(NAUI) 8773:(NASE) 8767:(TIDF) 8749:(IAHD) 8737:(FIAS) 8719:(CMAS) 8707:(BSAC) 8701:(ANMP) 8695:(ANDI) 8689:(ACUC) 8654:(CMAS) 8648:(AIDA) 8583:(ADAS) 8546:(NOAA) 8535:(IMCA) 8529:(IDSA) 8376:levels 8283:Skills 7668:diving 7596:diving 7274:Denise 6892:(NEDU) 6886:(UHMS) 6848:(EUBS) 6842:(EDTC) 6836:(DMAC) 6830:(DDRC) 6355:Oxygen 6246:Diving 6149:health 6099:safety 5798:Diving 5588:Diving 5429:(WKPP) 5423:(QRSS) 5417:(IAHD) 5399:(CMAS) 5381:(CDAA) 5375:(BSAC) 5227:QBS-06 5109:Tremie 5016:Diving 4941:Kronan 4571:MARCOS 4531:GRUMEC 4481:diving 4419:diving 3807:(CWTB) 3466:ABISMO 3432:SEALAB 3004:Suunto 2974:Nemrod 2949:Heinke 2848:Diving 2820:Hookah 2775:Salvus 2339:Safety 1932:Trimix 1922:Oxygen 1917:Nitrox 1912:Hydrox 1902:Heliox 1478: 1073: 857:Tromsø 778:manage 619:, and 617:walrus 376:valve. 197:teflon 11812:Other 11551:ASRV 11495:MSM-1 11258:Alvin 11187:Other 9018:(TDI) 9006:(CDG) 9000:(GUE) 8994:(CDG) 8969:(TXR) 8963:(TSA) 8851:(UDI) 8839:(SSI) 8827:(SEI) 8821:(SDI) 8815:(SAA) 8785:(NOB) 8761:(ILS) 8743:(GUE) 8713:(CFT) 8676:scuba 8666:(SSI) 8599:(HSE) 8517:(EUF) 8372:scuba 8170:Diver 7854:death 7315:Diver 7033:sites 6824:(DAN) 6261:Cramp 5716:Panic 5393:(CFT) 5387:(CDG) 5363:Diver 5026:COMEX 4934:Egypt 4483:units 3854:(VWT) 3843:(STA) 3837:(NLT) 3831:(FIM) 3825:(DNF) 3819:(DYN) 3813:(CNF) 3801:(CWT) 3660:Sonar 2964:Mares 2929:Fenzy 2914:Divex 2904:DESCO 2899:Dacor 2864:Apeks 2830:Snuba 2745:LAR-V 2740:LAR-6 2735:LAR-5 2725:IDA71 2605:scuba 1447:(PDF) 1440:(PDF) 1164:(PDF) 1153:(PDF) 1126:(PDF) 1115:(PDF) 1016:(PDF) 1005:(PDF) 943:(PDF) 936:(PDF) 869:Åland 598:risk. 11532:Priz 11431:Nemo 11421:DSV 11413:DSV 11405:DSV 11397:DSV 11389:DSV 11331:JAGO 11256:DSV 8977:Cave 8660:(PI) 7048:USS 5953:Risk 5001:Vasa 4992:HMS 4984:USS 4971:Mars 4962:RMS 4751:work 3476:CURV 2780:Siva 2750:LARU 2705:DSEA 2700:CUMA 1678:2024 1648:2020 1618:2020 1574:2020 1544:2020 1514:2024 1476:ISBN 1398:2024 1278:2024 1071:ISBN 863:and 851:and 784:Or: 585:rope 552:and 11490:LR7 11485:LR5 11368:Mir 7264:RV 7040:SS 6917:Law 4954:SS 4932:SS 4335:Ama 4238:Ama 3738:Ama 2765:Ray 83:ice 11949:: 1668:. 1664:. 1638:. 1634:. 1608:. 1604:. 1564:. 1560:. 1534:. 1530:. 1505:. 1494:^ 1484:. 1462:^ 1418:. 1406:^ 1388:. 1384:. 1358:^ 1348:. 1324:^ 1303:. 1286:^ 1269:. 1179:^ 1155:. 1117:. 1031:^ 1007:. 958:^ 919:^ 615:, 556:. 179:. 9341:) 9280:) 1736:e 1729:t 1722:v 1680:. 1650:. 1620:. 1576:. 1546:. 1516:. 1456:. 1400:. 1318:. 1280:. 1255:. 1173:. 1135:. 1079:. 1025:. 952:. 235:. 123::

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