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fundraise the funds needed for the hospital on her own. The people of
Nanchang, along with the WFMS, eventually contributed to money to get the hospital a rented building. With $ 10,000 donated by Kahn's American friends and sponsorship by the Methodist Episcopal Church, Kahn was able to build the Nanchang Women and Children's Hospital—later renamed the Ida Kahn Hospital in her honor. As a result of the political instability of China during that time period, it was not always peaceful at the hospital; frequently, military officers ran her hospital, and at times, even occupied her home.
241:; an organization that Kahn would keep close ties with as she pursued her missionary work. From a young age, Kahn learned English, and worked as a translator for foreign doctors. Due to her adoptive mother's faith, Kahn grew up Christian, an element that became a defining characteristic of her missionary work. Kahn remained active within the WFMS, and drew upon the organization for financial support of her hospital and
325:"—started traveling from Nanchang to Jiujiang just to receive medical consultation from Kahn. These women were instrumental in increasing the revenue and notoriety of Kahn and Stone in their first few years of medical work, as there was a marked increase over the next few years in the number of patients they received. In 1904, Kahn saw 6,112 patients, and in 1905 she saw 5,907 patients.
450:
three to four nurses each year, following the guidelines of the Nurses
Association of China; in 1930, she graduated a class of ten. Kahn also made sure to give the nurses and the physicians that helped in her hospital and nursing school a chance to study in the United States; she often wrote to her American physician friends to help her secure them postgraduate training opportunities.
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to create self-support. Her 1921 report, where she stressed "By
Chinese Women for Chinese Women," affirms this ideology. Kahn's goal was for a corps of Chinese women professionals extended beyond its rhetorical value. She fought to keep raising the standards of her nursing school, and graduated about
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From March 1912, when some stability had come to China, to her death in 1931, Kahn worked in the hospital providing care to patients of all socioeconomic backgrounds. Kahn had clientele from among the highest families and government circles within China, and counted among her patients the family of
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Kahn's annual reports confronted important social, religious, and political issues. Her writing challenged then common views of
Chinese women as victims in need of rescue. She sought for China to be a place where its women could serve the nation in a good way, while simultaneously presenting a view
444:
Ida Kahn was a huge proponent of "self-supporting" medical work, where she believed that China could provide for itself. To this end, Kahn, along with her colleague, Mary Stone, trained a "Chinese corps" of nurses, which would help in building a strong "new China." Her ideals reflect a blending of
341:
After returning to China, Kahn was called by government officials to open a hospital in
Nanchang. The officials gave Kahn the land for the hospital, but would only give her full support for the hospital if she refrained from making it Christian. Kahn refused to bend her faith, and as thus, had to
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had completely disrupted the existing political order. Kahn sheltered some of the most distinguished political officials of the province, proving her status and influence in China. Among those refugees were "the literacy chancellor, the provincial judge, and the family of the provincial salt
55:
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disrupted Kahn and Stone's work in
Jiujiang. The persecution of Chinese Christians made it an unsafe environment for Kahn and Stone to work in. Though Kahn wanted to stay, it eventually became too dangerous; she then went to Japan to seek refuge.
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Kahn was known for exemplifying a different path that
Chinese women could take. At the time, women didn't have much to do outside of the family, but Kahn showed that missionary work, both religious and medical, was a viable path.
226:, the sixth girl in the family. After her parents failed to betroth her, they became convinced by an "unfavorable horoscope" that she was bad luck. Consequently, Kahn's father gave her up for
253:
At the age of nineteen, Kahn, along with Mary Stone, was brought to the U.S. to obtain a degree in medicine, which was sponsored by the
Methodist Episcopal Church. They started at the
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the governor. In fact, she used her connections as a doctor to important political figures to develop popular support for the health of women and children within the province.
370:
Kahn worked mostly with women and children's health, and a lot of the medical work and medical training she did centered around that area. Kahn performed many
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in particular. As one of the first in her field, Kahn's vision for the future of
Chinese women in medicine in China was especially novel and important.
300:
Aside from her, Gertrude Howe also adopted three other girls, Fannie, Julia, and Belle. Kahn never married, though some of her adoptive family did.
429:, foreign missionaries left China over the next few years. Kang's Hospital ended up becoming a predecessor of the Jiangxi Gynecological Hospital.
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caused both the WFMS and the
General Hospital to evacuate to an area in Jiangxi safe from Japanese control, where Huang worked in a refugee camp.
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257:, Ann Arbor Medical School in 1892, and graduated with honors four years later. While there, she also did Christian work with her church.
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and had previously worked with Kahn, took over the hospital. The hospital remained a hospital for women until the outbreak of the
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Kahn's hospital merged with another hospital named the General Hospital in 1949, when they both relocated to Nanchang. After the
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The Chinese Medical Ministries of Kang Cheng and Shi Meiyu, 1872-1937: On a Cross-cultural Frontier of Gender, Race, and Nation
206:. This work, along with that of her sister Mary Stone established the first corps of Chinese women medical professionals.
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Kahn had been actively working out of Nanchang, when she finally relented to the missionaries asking her to visit a
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from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. Kahn was most known for expanding the presence of Chinese
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Western and Eastern cultures: she mixed classic Chinese gender roles with separate "healing spheres" with Western
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Dr. Li Bi Leu, Dr. Dau Se Zals, Dr. Ida Kahn (l-r) at the International Conference of Medical Women (1919)
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Prior to Ida Kahn and Mary Stone, Chinese women in the medical field were unheard of, those practicing
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382:. Carbuncles were common in those with a weakened immune system, especially those who suffered from
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cases, but she also dealt with other illnesses as well, especially a type of infection known as
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Howe was a member of the Women's Foreign Missionary Society (WFMS), the women's board of the
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of where they were saviors rather than victims in the eyes of Kahn's American audience.
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Seeking Modernity in China's Name: Chinese Students in the United States, 1900-1927
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Rethinking the 1898 Reform Period: Political and Cultural Change in Late Qing China
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After Kahn's death, Huang Yanyu (Alice Huang), a doctor who graduated from the
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321:. After curing the wife of a notable Nanchang official, wealthy women—dubbed "
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School of Medicine in 1896 and opened a dispensary along with Mary Stone in
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264:, and went back to the United States between 1909 and 1911 to receive a
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Lewis, Amy G. (June 30, 1932). "Dr. Ida Kahn: Nanchang, China".
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By the time she returned to China from Northwestern, the
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commissioners, both the retired and the entering men."
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Kahn returned to China following her graduation from
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402:in late 1931. Kahn, at this point, was battling
374:on her own and often shared stories of dramatic
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328:After about four years of successful work, the
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911:University of Michigan Medical School alumni
783:Karl, Rebecca E.; Zarrow, Peter Gue (2002).
789:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
182:; December 6, 1873—November 9, 1931), born
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386:and occurred most with the Nanchang poor.
214:Ida Kahn was born on December 6, 1873, in
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260:Kahn took a short break from her work in
198:, operated dispensaries and hospitals in
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276:. She also pursued postgraduate work in
234:, adopted her and renamed her Ida Kahn.
840:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
416:Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania
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819:. Bethlehem: Lehigh University Press.
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433:Ideological and physical contributions
881:20th-century Chinese women physicians
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755:The Middle Kingdom's Miracle Maidens
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315:University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
138:University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
916:Protestant missionaries in China
366:Illnesses and conditions treated
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901:Chinese Protestant missionaries
886:20th-century Chinese physicians
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906:Northwestern University alumni
891:Christian medical missionaries
778:. New York: Fleming H. Revell.
390:Shanghai exploration and death
179:
171:
1:
896:Female Christian missionaries
775:Notable Women of Modern China
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287:Ida Kahn, Gertrude Howe, and
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772:Burton, Margaret E. (1912).
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427:Chinese Communist Revolution
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753:Crawford, Stanley (2014).
239:Methodist Episcopal Church
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813:Shemo, Connie A. (2011).
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420:Second Sino-Japanese War
921:Physicians from Jiangxi
274:Northwestern University
149:Northwestern University
550:Karl & Zarrow 2002
538:Karl & Zarrow 2002
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255:University of Michigan
204:women in the workforce
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876:People from Jiujiang
230:, and his employer,
176:traditional Chinese
806:Christian Advocate
372:Caesarean sections
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347:Revolution of 1911
304:Missionary service
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270:English literature
168:simplified Chinese
834:Ye Weili (2001).
266:Bachelor's degree
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103:Republic of China
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243:dispensaries
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121:Kang Cheng (
93:(1931-11-09)
81:Qing Dynasty
33:
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21:Chinese name
871:1931 deaths
866:1873 births
526:Burton 1912
110:Nationality
25:family name
860:Categories
737:Shemo 2011
725:Shemo 2011
710:Shemo 2011
698:Shemo 2011
686:Shemo 2011
667:Shemo 2011
652:Shemo 2011
640:Shemo 2011
628:Shemo 2011
616:Shemo 2011
604:Lewis 1932
589:Lewis 1932
574:Shemo 2011
562:Shemo 2011
502:Lewis 1932
479:Lewis 1932
462:References
396:sanatorium
380:Carbuncles
376:childbirth
210:Early life
196:Mary Stone
184:Kang Cheng
75:Kiukiang (
68:1873-12-06
47:Kang Cheng
467:Citations
249:Education
400:Shanghai
319:Jiujiang
289:Li Bi Cu
262:Nanchang
228:adoption
216:Jiujiang
164:Ida Kahn
99:Shanghai
77:Jiujiang
40:Ida Kahn
19:In this
514:Ye 2001
323:Tai Tai
220:Jiangxi
188:Chinese
123:Chinese
113:Chinese
844:
823:
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278:London
190::
178::
170::
125::
23:, the
272:from
224:China
200:China
842:ISBN
821:ISBN
791:ISBN
759:ISBN
88:Died
62:Born
29:Kang
398:in
268:in
180:康愛德
172:康爱德
79:),
27:is
862::
717:^
674:^
659:^
596:^
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280:.
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222:,
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192:康成
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154:BA
143:MD
127:康成
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