41:
93:
422:
1013:
715:
1034:
1431:
394:
2311:
408:
2193:
1306:
813:
1989:
997:, drafted into military service. The service in the navy was lifelong. Children of noblemen were educated for naval service at the School for Mathematical and Navigational Sciences, which had been founded in 1701 in Moscow's Sukharev Tower. Students were often sent abroad for training in foreign fleets. The Navy also hired foreign nationals, with significant naval experience, to serve in the Russian Navy, such as the Norwegian-Dutch
1608:(1849–1904) took command of the First Russian Pacific Squadron with the intention of making plans to break out of the Port Arthur blockade. By then, both sides began a policy of tactical offensive mine-laying by laying mines in each other's ports. This was the first time in warfare that mines were used for offensive purposes. In the past, mines were used as purely defensive purposes by keeping harbors safe from invading warships.
74:
2881:
2094:
1259:
1298:. The Committee's chairman, Vorontsov, concluded that "It is impossible for Russia to be considered a major naval power, but there is no predictable need or advantage in this status." Consequently, the Committee recommended nothing more than limited measures to rectify the state of the fleets, and the Russians retained limited capability at sea thereafter, relying on their land power to defeat
527:) for colonization and fur-trade development. Although the early Imperial Navy initially employed paid foreign sailors, the government began to recruit native-born sailors as conscripts, drafted (as were men to serve in the army). Service in the navy was lifelong. Many naval commanders and recruits came from Imperial Russia's non-Russian lands with maritime traditions—
1724:("Catfish"). This first Russian submarine was not ready in time for the Russo-Japanese War. The reason behind this delay was partly due to a late shipment of torpedoes that was originally ordered from Germany in early 1905. Russia soon ordered more submarines of the same basic design, and they were built under contract with the Holland Company by the
1270:
By the second half of the 18th century, the
Russian Navy had the fourth-largest fleet in the world after Great Britain, Spain and France. The Black Sea Fleet possessed 35 line-of-battle ships and 19 frigates (1787), and the Baltic Fleet had 23 ships of the line and 130 frigates (1788). In the early
710:
founded a shipyard at
Tsarevich-Dmitriev fortress and began constructing vessels to sail in the Baltic Sea. In 1661, however, Russia lost this and other captured territories by the Peace of Cardis. Russia agreed to surrender to Sweden all captured territories, and it ordered all vessels constructed
1324:
in 1825, who less than a month into his reign declared that "Russia must become the third naval power after
England and France and must be more powerful than any coalition of secondary naval powers." As a consequence, the 1825 Committee to Organise the Fleet was formed, which outlined an ambitious
1595:
After the attack on Port Arthur, the
Japanese attempted to deny the Russians use of the port. On the night of 13/14 February, the Japanese attempted to block the entrance to Port Arthur by sinking several cement-filled steamers in the deep water channel to the port. But the steamers, driven off
40:
2262:. For example, in August 1915, a Russian submarine and two Russian destroyers attacked a Turkish convoy of four transports escorted by a cruiser and two destroyers. The Russian ships sank all four transports without losing a ship. Later, during the summer of 1916, the Ottoman army, under,
1290:, the Russian Navy had limited sea-going capability, with the 1802 Committee to Improve the Condition of the Navy concluding that the dire state of the ships of the Baltic Fleet, suffering as they did from extensive rot and a lack of copper plating, was incapable of defending
2270:. The Ottoman forces tried to march along the coast in June but the Russian fleet was able to reduce the speed of their advance to a crawl using naval bombardment to harass marching troops and destroy their supply columns. Eventually the Ottoman army gave up and withdrew.
1814:, and by the end of 1904 the last of seven subs had reached their new base there. Using the seven boats as a foundation, the Imperial Russian Navy created the world's first operational submarine fleet at Vladivostok on 1 January 1905. On 14 February 1905 the new
2136:
when the North Sea was quiet), the
Russians played a mainly defensive role, at most attacking convoys between Germany and Sweden and laying offensive minefields. Russian and British submarines attacked German shipping sailing between Sweden and Germany.
1402:
against
Russian rule in Poland. The Russian admiralty feared that the Russian navy could be blockaded by the British and French navies in the case of an outbreak of war, and thus dispatched the Atlantic and Pacific fleets to North America, including
1975:) and machinery ordered from foreign firms. After the outbreak of World War I, ships and equipment being built in Germany were confiscated. Equipment from Britain was slow in reaching Russia or was diverted to the Western Allies' own war effort.
1422:. Russian industry, although growing in capacity, was not able to meet the demands and some ships were ordered from the UK, France, Germany, US, and Denmark. French naval architects in particular had a considerable influence on Russian designs.
2171:
made the
Germans masters of the Baltic sea and German fleets transferred troops to support newly independent Finland and to occupy much of Russia, halting only when defeated in the West. The Russians evacuated the Baltic fleet from
1045:
The organizational principles of the
Russian Navy, educational and training methods for preparing future staff, and methods for conducting military action were all summarized in the Naval Charter (1720), written by Peter I himself.
538:
The
Russian Navy went into a period of decline due to the Empire's slow technical and economic development in the first half of the 19th century. It had a revival in the latter part of the century during the reign of Emperor
1898:
between Korea and Japan, in the early morning of 27 May 1905. Although both battleship fleets were on nearly equal footing in regards to the latest in battleship technology, with the
British warship designs representing the
1441:
1929:
At the end of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Russia fell from being the third greatest naval power to sixth place. The focus of Russian naval activities shifted back from the Far East to the Baltic. The task of the
2894:
Until 1905 the Naval Mechanical Engineers Corps and the Fleet Engineers Corps had unique ranks. Both changed to ground-based ranks that year and in 1912 the former changed its ranks again to naval based ranks.
1870:
to Asia, a voyage of over 18,000 mi (16,000 nmi; 29,000 km). On 21 October 1904, while passing by the United Kingdom (an ally of Japan but neutral in this war), they nearly provoked a war in the
1390:
and long-distant voyages, most of which were in support of their North Americans colonies in Russian America (Alaska) and Fort Ross in northern California, and their Pacific ports on the eastern seaboard of
856:
looked into Peter's report of this military campaign. It passed a decree on October 20, 1696, to commence construction of a navy. This date is considered the official founding of the Imperial Russian Navy.
2228:
The war in the Black Sea started when the Ottoman fleet bombarded several Russian cities in October 1914. The most advanced ships in the Ottoman fleet consisted of just two German ships: the battlecruiser
1967:
battleships were also ordered for the Black Sea Fleet. The total Russian naval expenditure from 1906 to 1913 was $ 519 million, in fifth place behind Britain, Germany, the United States and France.
1596:
course by Russian gunfire were unable to sink them in the designated places, rendering them ineffective. Another attempt to block the harbor entrance on the night of 3/4 May with blockships also failed.
1328:
The growth of the Russian navy in the years after this greatly bolstered Russian naval capability, expanding both the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets. A Russian squadron under the command of Dutch Admiral
3261:. However, the commander's diary was translated into two languages between 1905 and 1907 (Spanish and English), so it is highly possible that that information may have been lost during translation
1673:. The remnant of the Russian fleet remained in Port Arthur, where the ships were slowly sunk by the artillery of the besieging army. Attempts to relieve the city by land also failed, and after the
1414:
The Imperial Russian Navy continued to expand in the later part of the century becoming the third largest fleet in the world after the UK and France. The expansion accelerated under Emperor
504:
in 1696. It expanded in the second half of the 18th century and reached its peak strength by the early part of the 19th century, behind only the British and French fleets in terms of size.
1518:, Russia lost the right to have a military fleet in the Black Sea. In the 1860s, the Russian fleet which had relied upon sails lost its significance and was gradually replaced by steam.
2476:
1386:), power – 177 kW (237 hp), armament – 28 cannons). The Imperial Russian Navy also sent out exploratory expeditions. Between 1803 and 1855, their ships undertook more than 40
2251:
was damaged on at least four occasions and was usually chased back to port by the superior Russian Navy. By the end of 1915, the Russian fleet had nearly complete control of the sea.
2341:
The Revolution and subsequent civil war devastated the Russian Navy. Only the Baltic fleet based at Petrograd remained largely intact, although it suffered heavy losses during the
3472:
To march and battle ready? The combat capabilities of naval squadrons Russian sailing fleet XVIII – mid XIX centuries. from the point of view of the status of their personnel.
2917:
1941:
created a Naval General Staff in 1906. At first, attention was directed to creation of mine-laying and a submarine fleet. An ambitious expansion program was put before the
3153:
1725:
1340:, utilising the Mediterranean squadron and the Black Sea Fleet to gain command of the Sea from the Ottomans, which contributed to Russian victory and the signing of the
240:
3762:
1611:
The Japanese mine-laying policy was effective at restricting the Russian movement of its ships outside Port Arthur when on 12 April 1904, two Russian battleships; the
1192:
1503:, the sailors of the Black Sea Fleet were taught the art of warfare and upholding of military traditions of the Russian Navy, formed in the times of Admiral Ushakov.
2365:, Tunisia. Russian sailors fought on both sides in the conflict. The sailors of the Baltic fleet rebelled against harsh treatment by the Soviet authorities in the
1484:
system had an adverse effect on the development of the Russian Navy. It was especially typical of the Baltic Fleet, which was known for its harsh military drill.
1436:
1239:
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and messenger services), 5 bombardier ships, and 77 auxiliary vessels. The oared fleet consisted of 396 vessels, including 253 galleys and semi-galleys (called
1449:
1903:, and predominately the French designs being favored by the Russian fleets; it was the combat experience that Togo had accrued in the 1904 naval battles of
2140:
With heavy defensive and offensive mining on both sides, fleets played a limited role on the Eastern Front. The Germans mounted major naval attacks on the
1642:
However, the Russians soon learned the Japanese tactic of offensive minelaying and decided to play the strategy too. On 15 May, two Japanese battleships –
1351:
1316:, showing the Russian squadron, in line ahead (left-centre, white flags with blue transversal crosses) bombarding the Ottoman fleet (right, with red flags)
1276:
1457:
Russia's slow technical and economic development in the first half of the 19th century caused her to fall behind other European countries in the field of
1921:; and on the following day, Admiral Nebogatov, who had relieved Rozhestvensky due to his wounds, surrendered the remainder of the fleet to Admiral Togo.
1373:
2946:
1280:
2345:. Foreign Interventionists occupied the Pacific, Black Sea and Arctic coasts. Most of the surviving Black Sea Fleet warships, with crews loyal to the
1580:
the next morning. A series of indecisive naval engagements followed, in which the Japanese were unable to attack the Russian fleet successfully under
3402:
Boyevaya letopis' russkogo flota. Khronika vazhneishikh sobytii voyennoi istorii russkogo flota s IX veka po 1917 god. Voyenizdat, Moskva, 1948. (
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737:
and Volga rivers. Shipbuilding commenced in the winter of 1667. Within two years, four vessels had been completed: one 22-gun galley, christened
2342:
1826:. With patrols varying from 24 hours to a few days, the sub fleets first enemy contact occurred on 29 April 1905 when Imperial Japanese Navy
515:
at a national naval school. From 1818 on, only officers of the Imperial Russian Navy were appointed to the position of Chief Manager of the
1125:
In the second half of the 18th century, the Russian Navy was built up to support the government's foreign policy. The nation conducted the
816:
635:. As a result, separate naval groupings developed in relative isolation in the Baltic, the Black Sea, the Russian Far East and the Arctic.
1398:
During the American Civil War, Anglo-Russian relations were worsened by Russian perceptions that the British were covertly supporting the
1395:. These voyages produced important scientific research materials and discoveries in Pacific, Antarctic and Arctic theatres of operations.
1716:
submarines. By 10 October, this first Russian submarine was officially commissioned into service and shipped to the eastern coast near
1218:(created anew in 1771) sailed into the Black Sea. Russia defeated Turkey in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774, gaining control of the
3404:
Combat Annales of the Russian Navy. Chronicle of the Most Important Events of the Russian Navy History from the 9th century up to 1917
2941:
2213:
was the domain of both the Russian and Ottoman Empires but the Russian fleet dominated the sea. It possessed a large fleet based in
2053:
2956:
1777:
Germaniawerft, under the supervision of Spanish naval architect Raymondo Lorenzo d'Euevilley-Montjustin, continued his work on the
271:
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Serbien und Montenegro: Raum und Bevölkerung, Geschichte, Sprache und Literatur, Kultur, Politik, Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Recht,
2025:
611:, could not operate in winter, hence the push for Russia to establish naval facilities on the Black Sea coast and (eventually) at
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2006:
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The re-armament program included a significant element of foreign participation with several ships (including the cruiser
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Unlike other navies of its time, the Imperial Russian Navy sported only shoulder rank insignia for officers and ratings.
1915:
on 27 May. By the end of the day on 27 May, nearly all of Rozhestvensky's battleships were sunk, including his flagship,
1514:
in 1854–1855, the Russian sailors used all means possible to defend their base from land and sea. In accordance with the
3435:
3194:
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1588:) of the harbor and the Russians declined to leave the harbor for the open seas, especially after the death of Admiral
603:, the Imperial Russian Navy faced two overarching issues: the use of ice-free ports and open access to the high seas.
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204:
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A brief historical overview of sea voyages of Russian and shipping them at all until the outcome of the 17th century
2384:
Beginning in the second half of the 19th century, ranks of the IRN were divided according to speciality and branch.
1942:
1916:
315:
2021:
1009:. In 1718, the Admiralty Board (Адмиралтейств-коллегия) was established as the highest naval authority in Russia.
158:
3093:
p. 152, Walter Lukan, Ljubinka Trgovcevic, Dragan Vukcevic, Walter Lukan, Ljubinka Trgovcevic, Dragan Vukcevic,
3757:
3732:
2976:
2181:
2010:
501:
3167:. Loyola University New Orleans Department of History and the Loyola University Student Historical Association
1854:
The Russians had already been preparing to reinforce their fleet the previous year by sending elements of the
1203:
from the Danube was famous, and merchants from the Republic of Ragusa dominated the import-export business in
3353:
2961:
2281:
were also mined. The greatest loss suffered by the Russian Black Sea fleet was the destruction of the modern
1689:
By 25 June, the Imperial Russian Navy had secretly purchased its first naval submarine, known as Madam, from
1496:
1110:
916:
327:
2322:
2277:, preventing nearly all Ottoman ships from entering the Black Sea. Later that year, the naval approaches to
1654:, were both lured into a recently laid Russian minefield off Port Arthur, both striking at least two mines.
1576:
on the Russian ships at Port Arthur, badly damaging two Russian battleships. The attacks developed into the
3736:
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2255:
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1537:, but lacked seaworthiness, speed and long-distance abilities. In 1861, they built the first steel-armored
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2426:
1649:
1643:
1341:
1337:
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1480:
The combined number of staff of all the fleets equaled 91,000 people. Despite all this, the reactionary
1089:
were built in Russian shipyards for the Imperial Russian Navy. Fleets were launched successively on the
923:
was the first organization in charge of shipbuilding. Later on, these functions were transferred to the
2468:
2444:
2412:
2354:
2145:
2114:, Germany and Russia were the main combatants, with a number of British submarines sailing through the
1956:
battleships, cruisers, and destroyers were ordered for the Baltic Fleet. A worsening of relations with
1755:
of Prussia was given a brief cruise in the vessel. In April 1904, the Imperial Russian Navy purchased
1511:
586:
387:
1411:—with sealed orders to attack British naval targets in case war broke out between Russia and Britain.
1302:. In 1802, the Ministry of Naval Military Forces was established (renamed to Naval Ministry in 1815).
597:, established as the Red Fleet in 1918 after the Revolution, took over the available surviving ships.
2482:
1622:
1488:
1113:). In 1700, the majority of sailors in the Imperial Russian Navy were foreigners at the start of the
1027:
279:
3733:
Web site focusing on submarine history and the works of Irish-American inventor, John Philip Holland
2085:
By 1917 the Imperial Navy had amassed a fleet of 55 submarines, used to varying degrees of success.
993:(noblemen, aristocrats who belonged to the state Russian Orthodox Church). The regular sailors were
2936:
2290:, which blew up in port on 7 October 1916, just one year after it was commissioned. The sinking of
2046:
1690:
1670:
1589:
1263:
892:, the Russians created a sailing fleet from ships built in Russia and others imported from abroad.
707:
516:
421:
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The Imperial Navy drew its officers from the aristocracy of the Empire, who belonged to the state
3024:
2575:
2168:
1999:
1950:
1710:
1681:). Port Arthur finally fell on 2 January 1905, after a series of brutal, high-casualty assaults.
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1846:
could not submerge quick enough to obtain a firing position and both adversaries broke contact.
1465:
in 1853, Russia had the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets, Arkhangelsk Flotilla, Caspian Flotilla and
888:). In order to defend the conquered coastline and attack enemy's maritime communications in the
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1544:(Опыт). In 1869, the Russians began the construction of one of the first seafaring ironclads,
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from 1696 to 1917. Formally established in 1696, it lasted until dissolved in the wake of the
2986:
2583:
1938:
1904:
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in 1853 the Black Sea Fleet under Nakhimov made a number of tactical innovations. During the
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415:
129:
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on its 1918 establishment, though the remnants of Wrangel's fleet never returned to Russia.
2273:
After Admiral Kolchak took command (August 1916), the Russian fleet mined the exit from the
2526:
2157:
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1863:
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who, in 1648, sailed along the entire northern expanse of present-day Russia by way of the
8:
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2366:
1419:
1329:
687:
532:
493:
184:
1012:
868:. The construction of the oared fleet (galley fleet) took place in 1702–1704 at several
745:
was Russia's first own three-masted, European-designed sailing ship. It was captured in
3536:
Russian Warships in the Age of Sail, 1696–1860: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates
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brought Dutch shipbuilding experts to the town of Dedinovo near the confluence of the
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Brief information about the Russian naval battles in two centuries from 1656 to 1856
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Between 1688 and 1725, a period spanning most of Peter's reign, some 1,260 seagoing
930:
In 1745 the Russian Navy had 130 sailing vessels, including 36 ships of the line, 9
3015:
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2516:
2218:
2149:
1800:
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1117:. But by 1721, at the end of the same war, the navy had 7,215 native-born sailors.
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900:
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During much of the 17th century, independent Russian merchants and Cossacks, using
604:
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339:
331:
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Before Port Arthur in a Destroyer; The Personal Diary of a Japanese Naval Officer.
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for the purpose of guarding the Danube estuary. In 1771 they were guests to the
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1957:
1946:
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1605:
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and successfully in October 1917, when they occupied the islands in the Gulf (
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marked the end of the Imperial Navy; its officers had mostly aligned with the
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1911:, that gave him the edge over the un-tested Admiral Rozhestvensky during the
1839:
1834:, withdrawing after failing to score a hit. On 1 July the Russian submarine
1736:
1430:
1408:
1404:
1325:
shipbuilding project which aimed to create the third largest navy in Europe.
1295:
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19th century, the Russian Navy consisted of the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets,
1215:
1200:
1086:
1067:
1059:
896:
691:
570:
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3623:
1810:
in 1904, the Imperial Russian Navy dispatched their remaining submarines to
1250:
was commissioned here in 1783. A year later, a squadron had been developed.
1066:
and others are generally credited for the development of the Russian art of
2834:
2693:
2558:
2553:
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1931:
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1883:
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had to be towed back to Port Arthur for extensive repairs. Makarov died on
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of 1696 against Turkey, the Russians for the first time used 2 warships, 4
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458:
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287:
111:
20:
1934:
was to defend the Baltic Sea and Saint Petersburg from the German Empire.
1453:
on 5 November 1853 – the first naval battle between steam ships in history
960:. The ships were being constructed at 24 shipyards, including the ones in
651:, the first three-masted ships built within Russia were finished in 1636.
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of 1917. It developed from a smaller force that had existed prior to Tsar
3703:
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The Russian fleet attempted to break out from Port Arthur and proceed to
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from Private to General, and were distinguished from those in the army.
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1890:'s progress, and he made plans to meet it before it could reach port at
1627:
ran into a Japanese minefield off Port Arthur with both striking mines.
3447:
2810:
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2013: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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completed Germany's first fully functioning engine powered submarine;
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After the Crimean War, Russia commenced construction of steam-powered
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remained confined by the lack of free access to the Atlantic via the
578:
3739:. See Fulton and look under Russian submarines (Som Class) Type 7-P.
2546:(until 1764 and 1798 to 1826, from 1764 to 1798 "Captain–Brigadier")
1988:
1781:-class submarines, improving and modifying one into Germany's first
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according to contemporary European design. The ship was christened
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by firing on British fishing boats that they mistook for Japanese
3501:
The Tsar's Last Armada: The Epic Voyage to the Battle of Tsushima
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London: John Murray; first and second editions published in 1907.
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in 1827. The Navy was used to great effect during the subsequent
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1070:. The main principles of naval warfare were further developed by
977:
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Do We Need a fleet and its significance in the history of Russia
3154:"The Bilateral Effect of the Visit of the Russian Fleet in 1863"
3486:
Russo-Japanese Naval War 1904–1905, Vol. 2, Battle of Tsushima.
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2119:
1782:
1705:. It was a prototype of the Holland Type 7 Design known as the
1365:
1231:
1204:
1188:
912:
837:
524:
2918:
Ranks and rank insignia of the Russian armed forces until 1917
2093:
1258:
761:
and abandoned it, half-submerged, in an estuary of the Volga.
3538:. John Tredrea and Eduard Sozaev. Seaforth Publishing, 2010.
3517:. Originally published in 1907. (1912) E. P. Dutton & CO.
3250:
Grant p. 163; Diarist may have only been aware of battleship
1697:. This submarine was originally built under the direction of
1534:
1379:
1177:
965:
703:
3695:
3675:
3652:
3629:
3606:
3587:
3564:
2153:
1818:
sent out its first combat patrol consisting of the vessels
1740:
1474:
1418:
who had been influenced by the American naval theoretician
1041:
was one of several cathedrals of the Imperial Russian Navy.
849:
589:, and the sailors split to fight on either side during the
481:
148:
3187:
Russian-American Dialogue on Cultural Relations, 1776–1914
671:, the ship sailed into a heavy storm and was lost at sea.
3699:
3656:
3633:
3610:
3568:
3205:
Grant pp. 12, 13, 15, etc. continuous throughout the book
2357:
and after evacuating White forces and civilians from the
1222:
and a part of the Black Sea coastline between the rivers
3488:(2010); Published by Stratus s.c., Sandomierz, Poland.
3120:"History: Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation"
3051:
3049:
3043:Устав морской (Naval Regulations), Санкт Петербург, 1763
2904:
See for a more detailed history, ranks and rank insignia
1799:
was retired in 1919, and is currently on display at the
3522:
The U-Boat Century; German Submarine Warfare 1906–2006.
3411:
Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905
1658:
sank within minutes taking 450 sailors with her, while
558:
sent to the Far East) was destroyed in the humiliating
3743:
Russian submarine history can be located on this site.
1924:
1882:
The duration of the Baltic Fleet's journey meant that
784:, and founding settlements in the region of the upper
3046:
3029:
2132:
ships could easily be deployed to the Baltic via the
2128:. With the German fleet larger and more modern (many
951:
3397:
The Russian Army and Fleet in the Nineteenth Century
1949:
of 1909 forced a strategic reconsideration, and new
1838:
made contact with two Japanese torpedo boats in the
1529:, and floating batteries. These vessels had strong
3214:Grant pp. 46, 51, 54, 63, etc. throughout the book
1677:in late August, the Russians retreated to Mukden (
500:'s founding of the modern Russian navy during the
3763:Military units and formations established in 1696
1669:, but they were intercepted and dispersed at the
3749:
3382:. Chapter 11. "The Great War – In the Black Sea"
3161:The Loyola University Student Historical Journal
2380:Ranks of the Imperial Navy (English translation)
2200:Fleet's battleship brigade in line ahead led by
2160:), which had recently been captured by Germany.
828:established the modern Russian Navy. During the
3358:Russia Travel Blog: All about Russia in English
2737:
2254:The Black Sea fleet was used mainly to support
729:and Caspian Sea. With the Tsar's approval, the
2294:was never fully explained; it could have been
741:("Oryol" = "Eagle"), and three smaller ships.
2890:(1905–1913), Naval Mechanical Engineers Corps
1469:(altogether, 40 battleships, 15 frigates, 24
1347:In 1826 the Russians built their first armed
725:Ordin-Nashchokin turned his attention to the
627:could not always rely on passage through the
3561:History of the Russian fleet. Period of Azov
2582:Ranks of these troops mirrored those of the
1425:
1320:This attitude changed with the accession of
1242:. In 1778, the Russians founded the port of
1152:Spiridov's squadron gained supremacy in the
511:. Young aristocrats began to be trained for
3524:(2006); Chatham Publishing, Great Britain.
3446:Russian Battleship vs Japanese Battleship,
2372:The surviving ships formed the core of the
2301:
2152:) and damaged Russian ships departing from
1145:Archipelago expeditions of the Russian Navy
1016:Russian fleet under the command of Admiral
807:
788:. The most celebrated Russian explorer was
718:"Flag of the Tsar of Moscow" raised in 1693
615:. And even substantial naval forces in the
3602:List of Russian warships from 1668 to 1869
3563:(История русского флота. Период Азовский)
2898:
2495:Brevet Midshipman/Garde-Marine (1827–1884)
2217:and it was led by two skilled commanders:
1234:was pronounced independent under Russia's
821:, flagship of the Azov flotilla until 1711
565:The navy had mixed experiences during the
39:
2942:List of dreadnought battleships of Russia
2073:Learn how and when to remove this message
1759:, and ordered two more submarines of the
1572:opened the war with a surprise attack by
577:, while the Russians took control of the
3430:. Harvard University Press. p. 47.
3423:
3351:
3151:
3055:
2879:
2191:
2092:
1747:. The submarine was toured inspected by
1434:Clash between the Russian steam frigate
1429:
1304:
1257:
1032:
1011:
811:
713:
573:generally gaining the upper hand in the
70:
3735:and his company which was known as The
3354:"Submarine fleet of the Russian Empire"
2792:Marine Acting Ensign (from 1884 onward)
2646:Marine Acting Ensign (from 1884 onward)
2387:
1735:In 1903, the German ship building firm
711:at Tsarevich-Dmitriev to be destroyed.
607:and the other Baltic ports, as well as
3750:
3257:s sinking, as he does not mention the
3014:declared itself the Empire of Russia (
2766:Marine Junior Gunner (formerly Marine
2671:Admiralty Captain Lieutenant (1907–13)
2513:(formerly Second Lieutenant 1724–1884)
1368:. In 1836, they constructed the first
1133:. For the first time, Russia sent its
3185:Norman E. Saul, Richard D. McKinzie.
1945:in 1907–1908 but was voted down. The
1849:
1684:
1604:In March, the energetic Vice Admiral
1564:On the night of 8 February 1904, the
1553:
1461:construction. By the outbreak of the
956:; a light high-speed galley) and 143
864:of 1700–1721, the Russians built the
3352:Rzhevsky, Sergei (August 14, 2022).
2875:
2305:
2243:, both under the command of Admiral
2011:adding citations to reliable sources
1982:
907:. Bases were also created in Reval (
1960:meant that new ships including the
1925:Reconstruction prior to World War I
1372:frigate of the Russian Navy called
915:after it was ceded by Sweden after
899:of the Baltic Fleet was located in
804:and sailed into the Pacific Ocean.
45:Emblem of the Imperial Russian Navy
13:
3550:
2686:Admiralty Second Major (1780–1829)
2423:, Skipper's mate, Stuurman's mate)
2118:to assist the Russians, including
1791:, which was commissioned into the
1662:sank under tow a few hours later.
895:From 1703 to 1723, the main naval
667:; during its maiden voyage on the
14:
3779:
3709:
3427:The Revolution of Peter the Great
2972:List of Russian ships of the line
2912:History of Russian military ranks
2689:Admiralty First Major (1780–1829)
942:— a light two-mast ship used for
3716:Russian Submarine forces history
3559:Elagin Sergei Ivanovich. (1864)
2353:under the control of commander
2309:
1987:
420:
406:
392:
91:
72:
3625:Essays on Russian naval history
3379:The History of the Russian Navy
3371:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3309:
3300:
3291:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3179:
3072:Željko Brnetić, Školska knjiga,
2578:and ground service troops ranks
1998:needs additional citations for
1806:Due to the ongoing blockade of
1253:
1137:from the Baltic Sea to distant
1120:
927:(admiralty in St. Petersburg).
545:
159:Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker
3145:
3136:
3112:
3103:
3084:
3061:
3037:
3004:
2977:List of Russian steam frigates
2932:Heads of Imperial Russian Navy
2343:British campaign in the Baltic
2182:Ice Cruise of the Baltic Fleet
1978:
1599:
1447:and the Turkish steam frigate
1246:. The first battleship of the
1111:Russo-Persian War of 1722-1723
848:. After the occupation of the
1:
3768:1696 establishments in Russia
2997:
2962:List of Russian sail frigates
2503:Ship Secretary (until 1834),
2146:unsuccessfully in August 1915
2088:
1894:. He intercepted them in the
1766:. These vessels, as well as
1701:as the American torpedo boat
1187:After having advanced to the
987:The naval officers came from
917:Russo-Swedish War (1741-1743)
800:, Dezhnev passed through the
694:. They renamed the former as
638:
478:Российский императорский флот
205:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
197:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
193:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
189:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
181:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
177:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)
169:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
34:Российский императорский флот
3737:Holland Torpedo Boat Company
3668:Belavenets Peter Ivanovich.
2992:Imperial Russian Air Service
2982:Russian Hydrographic Service
2815:Captain Lieutenant (1907–13)
2738:Ranks of the Naval Artillery
2361:were eventually interned in
2187:
1168:conquered the coasts of the
678:, Russian forces seized the
676:Russo–Swedish War, 1656–1658
649:Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov)
7:
3721:History of the Russian Navy
3030:
2967:List of ironclads of Russia
2947:List of Russian battleships
2925:
2529:until 1730, abolished 1909)
1860:The Second Pacific Squadron
1770:were transported along the
1631:sank within an hour, while
1477:, 16 steam frigates etc.).
1378:(displacement – 1,340
1338:Russo-Turkish War (1828-29)
1214:In 1773 the vessels of the
952:
10:
3784:
3389:
3142:Quoted by Beskrovny p. 296
2957:List of Russian destroyers
2915:
2909:
2469:Senior Chief Petty Officer
2355:Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel
1774:en route to the war zone.
1557:
1191:, the Russians formed the
18:
16:Navy of the Russian Empire
3513:Semenov, Vladimir, Capt.
3019:
2483:Fleet Chief Petty Officer
2349:movement, became part of
2266:, was ordered to re-take
2225:(who took over in 1916).
1726:Neva Shipbuilding Company
1426:Crimean War and aftermath
1240:annexed by Russia in 1783
757:. The Cossacks ransacked
477:
414:
400:
386:
381:
253:
239:
227:
222:
164:
154:
144:
103:
86:
66:
58:
50:
38:
33:
28:
19:For the modern term, see
3499:Pleshakov, Constantine.
3424:Cracraft, James (2009).
3315:Showell, pp. 36 & 37
3306:Showell, pp. 24 & 30
3279:Showell, pp. 22, 25, 201
2952:List of Russian cruisers
2937:List of Russian admirals
2828:Second Major (1780–1829)
2743:Marine enlisted and NCOs
2662:Admiralty Sub-lieutenant
2590:Marine enlisted and NCOs
2471:(Senior Unteroffizier) (
2302:Revolution and Civil War
2180:to Kronstadt during the
1671:Battle of the Yellow Sea
1590:Stepan Osipovich Makarov
1364:)), equipped with eight
1193:Danube Military Flotilla
808:Reign of Peter the Great
708:Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin
517:Russian-American Company
3645:Veselago Theodosius F.
3622:Veselago Theodosius F.
3599:Veselago Theodosius F.
2899:Rank insignia 1911–1917
2831:First Major (1780–1829)
2445:Petty Officer 1st Class
2427:Petty Officer 2nd Class
2413:Petty Officer 3rd Class
2169:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2022:"Imperial Russian Navy"
1720:Russia and was renamed
1574:torpedo boat destroyers
1037:The naval cathedral in
772:, exploring the rivers
509:Russian Orthodox Church
3515:The Battle of Tsushima
3409:Corbett, Julian, Sir.
3399:. (1996). Gulf Breeze.
3152:Delahaye, Tom (1983).
2891:
2206:
2107:
1901:Imperial Japanese Navy
1886:was well aware of the
1795:on 14 December 1906.
1772:Trans-Siberian Railway
1454:
1317:
1267:
1164:in 1770. In 1771, the
1139:theaters of operations
1042:
1030:
1020:, sailing through the
822:
719:
3758:Imperial Russian Navy
2987:Imperial Russian Army
2883:
2584:Imperial Russian Army
2195:
2096:
1695:Electric Boat Company
1578:Battle of Port Arthur
1437:Vladimir (ship, 1848)
1433:
1308:
1261:
1129:for supremacy in the
1036:
1015:
925:Admiralteyskiy Prikaz
815:
717:
531:and (especially) the
470:Imperial Russian Navy
444:Imperial Russian Navy
316:Faddei Bellingshausen
130:Arctic Ocean Flotilla
29:Imperial Russian Navy
3031:Rossiyskaya Imperiya
2789:Marine Junior Ensign
2773:Marine Senior Gunner
2643:Marine Junior Ensign
2388:Deck ranks and rates
2158:Battle of Moon Sound
2007:improve this article
1873:Dogger Bank incident
1864:Zinovy Rozhestvensky
1793:Imperial German Navy
1699:Arthur Leopold Busch
1568:fleet under Admiral
1342:Treaty of Adrianople
1262:Headquarters of the
1097:(with access to the
830:Second Azov campaign
768:, sailed across the
502:Second Azov campaign
3463:Grant, R. Captain.
2871:of Marine Artillery
2459:Chief Petty Officer
2367:Kronstadt rebellion
2292:Imperatritsa Mariya
2287:Imperatritsa Mariya
2163:By March 1918, the
2097:The Baltic Fleet's
1963:Imperatritsa Mariya
1512:Siege of Sevastopol
1487:Thanks to admirals
1420:Alfred Thayer Mahan
1330:Lodewijk van Heiden
818:Goto Predestinatsia
700:Tsarevich-Dmitriyev
550:), but most of its
533:Baltic governorates
494:February Revolution
3726:2016-06-10 at the
3241:Grant pp. 127, 128
3020:Российская Империя
2892:
2864:Lieutenant General
2841:Lieutenant Colonel
2726:Lieutenant General
2701:Lieutenant Colonel
2523:Captain Lieutenant
2519:(from 1907 onward)
2485:(Senior Boatswain)
2321:. You can help by
2236:and light cruiser
2207:
2165:Russian Revolution
2108:
1913:Battle of Tsushima
1850:Battle of Tsushima
1685:Russian submarines
1675:Battle of Liaoyang
1592:on 13 April 1904.
1560:Russo-Japanese War
1554:Russo-Japanese War
1455:
1334:Battle of Navarino
1318:
1310:Battle of Navarino
1277:White Sea Flotilla
1268:
1197:Republic of Ragusa
1156:by destroying the
1127:Russo-Turkish wars
1115:Great Northern War
1043:
1031:
1005:, or the Scotsman
921:Vladimirsky Prikaz
862:Great Northern War
823:
798:Chukotsk Peninsula
720:
698:and the latter as
655:shipbuilders from
593:of 1917–1922. The
583:Russian Revolution
560:Russo-Japanese War
480:) operated as the
213:Russo-Japanese War
173:Great Northern War
134: •
128: •
122: •
116: •
110: •
3544:978-1-84832-058-1
3494:978-83-61421-02-3
3480:978-5-904180-94-2
3458:978-1-84603-330-8
3444:Forczyk, Robert.
3395:Beskrovny, L. G.
3342:Forczyk pp. 41–54
3333:Forczyk pp. 11–13
3270:Grant pp. 171–177
3099:978-3-8258-9539-6
3080:978-86-03-99817-7
3028:
3012:Tsardom of Russia
2876:Engineering ranks
2862:Marine Artillery
2856:Marine Artillery
2782:(formerly Marine
2636:(formerly Marine
2617:(formerly Marine
2339:
2338:
2260:Caucasus Campaign
2083:
2082:
2075:
2057:
1868:Cape of Good Hope
1749:Kaiser Wilhelm II
1497:Vladimir Kornilov
1388:circumnavigations
1209:Habsburg monarchy
980:, Petersburg and
591:Russian Civil War
466:
465:
428:
427:
376:Alexander Kolchak
372:Nikolai von Essen
352:Gennady Nevelskoy
336:Ferdinand Wrangel
328:Vladimir Kornilov
98:Emperor of Russia
3775:
3687:Arens, Evgeniy.
3686:
3667:
3644:
3621:
3598:
3579:
3558:
3520:Showell, Jak M.
3484:Olender, Piotr.
3441:
3383:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3325:
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3158:
3149:
3143:
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3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3116:
3110:
3109:Beskrovny p. 294
3107:
3101:
3088:
3082:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3008:
2538:Captain 1st Rank
2533:Captain 2nd Rank
2527:Captain 3rd Rank
2517:First Lieutenant
2417:Boatswain's mate
2393:Seamen and NCO's
2334:
2331:
2313:
2306:
2298:or an accident.
2256:General Yudenich
2219:Admiral Eberhart
2150:Operation Albion
2078:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2015:
1991:
1983:
1862:) under Admiral
1801:Deutsches Museum
1550:(Пётр Великий).
1501:Vladimir Istomin
1467:Okhotsk Flotilla
1445:
1400:January Uprising
1281:Okhotsk Flotilla
1273:Caspian Flotilla
1162:Battle of Chesma
1072:Grigory Spiridov
1064:Mikhail Golitsyn
955:
901:Saint Petersburg
605:Saint Petersburg
554:(along with the
549:
548: 1894–1917
547:
479:
436:Navies of Russia
433:
432:
424:
410:
396:
368:Ivan Grigorovich
340:Mikhail Tebenkov
332:Vladimir Istomin
312:Ivan Krusenstern
292:Vasily Chichagov
284:Grigory Spiridov
276:Aleksei Chirikov
185:Seven Years' War
136:Caspian Flotilla
96:
95:
94:
82:
78:
76:
75:
43:
26:
25:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3748:
3747:
3728:Wayback Machine
3712:
3684:
3665:
3642:
3619:
3596:
3577:
3556:
3553:
3551:Further reading
3452:(2009) Osprey.
3438:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3376:
3372:
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3341:
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3254:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3223:Grant pp. 48–57
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3009:
3005:
3000:
2928:
2920:
2914:
2901:
2884:Epaulette of a
2878:
2740:
2651:Marine officers
2580:
2569:General Admiral
2550:Counter Admiral
2390:
2382:
2351:Wrangel's fleet
2335:
2329:
2326:
2319:needs expansion
2304:
2245:Wilhelm Souchon
2223:Admiral Kolchak
2190:
2184:in March 1918.
2130:High Seas Fleet
2091:
2079:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2016:
2014:
2004:
1992:
1981:
1927:
1896:Tsushima Strait
1852:
1816:submarine fleet
1753:Prince Heinrich
1687:
1602:
1582:shore batteries
1570:Heihachiro Togo
1562:
1556:
1516:Treaty of Paris
1508:Battle of Sinop
1489:Mikhail Lazarev
1439:
1428:
1314:Ivan Aivazovsky
1288:Napoleonic Wars
1264:Admiralty Board
1256:
1248:Black Sea Fleet
1123:
1080:Dmitry Senyavin
1056:Alexey Senyavin
1052:Feodor Apraksin
1048:Peter the Great
1025:
999:Cornelius Cruys
844:, built on the
826:Peter the Great
810:
796:. Rounding the
641:
625:Black Sea Fleet
567:First World War
544:
521:Russian America
498:Peter the Great
486:Russian Tsardom
449:Wrangel's fleet
431:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
356:Mikhail Reyneke
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
320:Mikhail Lazarev
318:
314:
310:
306:
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300:Dmitry Senyavin
298:
294:
290:
286:
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278:
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268:Fyodor Apraksin
266:
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260:Peter the Great
255:
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234:Russian Emperor
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201:Napoleonic Wars
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118:Black Sea Fleet
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3710:External links
3708:
3707:
3706:
3682:
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3640:
3617:
3594:
3580:Viskovatov A.
3575:
3552:
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3548:
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3511:
3497:
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3468:
3461:
3442:
3437:978-0674029941
3436:
3421:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3370:
3344:
3335:
3326:
3324:Olender p. 175
3317:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3288:Showell, p. 25
3281:
3272:
3263:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3195:978-0826210975
3178:
3144:
3135:
3111:
3102:
3083:
3068:Ruđer Bošković
3060:
3045:
3036:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2916:Main article:
2910:Main article:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2807:Sub-lieutenant
2805:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2774:
2771:
2764:
2756:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2628:
2624:Marine Senior
2622:
2613:Marine Junior
2611:
2603:
2579:
2576:Naval Infantry
2573:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2547:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2505:Sub-lieutenant
2501:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2480:
2466:
2456:
2442:
2424:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2337:
2336:
2316:
2314:
2303:
2300:
2203:Ioann Zlatoust
2189:
2186:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2080:
1995:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1947:Bosnian Crisis
1926:
1923:
1851:
1848:
1730:St. Petersburg
1686:
1683:
1606:Stepan Makarov
1601:
1598:
1566:Japanese naval
1558:Main article:
1555:
1552:
1493:Pavel Nakhimov
1450:Pervaz-ı Bahrî
1427:
1424:
1407:and from 1863
1332:fought at the
1255:
1252:
1122:
1119:
1076:Feodor Ushakov
1018:Fyodor Ushakov
944:reconnaissance
876:of the rivers
852:fortress, the
846:Voronezh River
809:
806:
790:Semyon Dezhnev
749:by rebellious
682:fortresses of
640:
637:
623:, just as the
562:of 1904–1905.
490:Russian Empire
488:and later the
464:
463:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
438:
437:
429:
426:
425:
418:
412:
411:
404:
398:
397:
390:
384:
383:
379:
378:
364:Stepan Makarov
360:Nikolay Krabbe
348:Vasily Zavoyko
324:Pavel Nakhimov
308:Yuri Lisyansky
296:Fyodor Ushakov
257:
251:
250:
245:
237:
236:
231:
225:
224:
220:
219:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
139:
138:
132:
126:
120:
114:
107:
105:
101:
100:
88:
84:
83:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3780:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3555:
3554:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3530:1-86176-241-0
3527:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3510:
3509:0-465-05792-6
3506:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3470:Lebedev A.A.
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3419:1-55750-129-7
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3381:
3380:
3374:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3294:
3285:
3276:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3166:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3139:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3106:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3058:, p. 47.
3057:
3056:Cracraft 2009
3052:
3050:
3040:
3032:
3026:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2889:
2888:
2887:Stabs-kapitan
2882:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2858:Major General
2855:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Staff Captain
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2720:Major General
2717:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2676:Staff Captain
2673:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2626:Unteroffizier
2623:
2620:
2616:
2615:Unteroffizier
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2577:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2449:Unteroffizier
2446:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2407:Quartermaster
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2385:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2347:White Russian
2344:
2333:
2330:November 2008
2324:
2320:
2317:This section
2315:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2124:commanded by
2123:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2074:
2066:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024: –
2023:
2019:
2018:Find sources:
2012:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1996:This section
1994:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1918:Knyaz Suvorov
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1877:torpedo boats
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:Tartar Strait
1837:
1833:
1829:
1828:torpedo boats
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1737:Germaniawerft
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1637:Petropavlovsk
1634:
1630:
1629:Petropavlovsk
1626:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1618:Petropavlovsk
1614:
1609:
1607:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1405:San Francisco
1401:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:St Petersburg
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:Azov Flotilla
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:Beluga caviar
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:Turkish fleet
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:naval warfare
1065:
1061:
1060:Naum Senyavin
1057:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:Thomas Gordon
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:
819:
814:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
716:
712:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:Western Dvina
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:Strategically
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
552:Pacific Fleet
542:
536:
534:
530:
526:
523:(present-day
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
475:
471:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
440:
439:
435:
434:
430:Military unit
423:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
389:
385:
380:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:Loggin Heiden
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Thomas Gordon
269:
265:
264:Kornely Cruys
261:
258:
252:
249:
246:
244:
238:
235:
232:
226:
221:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
137:
133:
131:
127:
125:
124:Pacific Fleet
121:
119:
115:
113:
109:
108:
106:
102:
99:
89:
85:
81:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
3690:Russian Navy
3689:
3685:(in Russian)
3670:
3666:(in Russian)
3647:
3643:(in Russian)
3624:
3620:(in Russian)
3601:
3597:(in Russian)
3582:
3578:(in Russian)
3557:(in Russian)
3535:
3521:
3514:
3500:
3485:
3471:
3464:
3445:
3426:
3410:
3396:
3378:
3373:
3363:November 27,
3361:. Retrieved
3357:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3302:
3297:Grant p. 140
3293:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3258:
3251:
3246:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3186:
3181:
3169:. Retrieved
3164:
3160:
3147:
3138:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:
3114:
3105:
3090:
3086:
3071:
3063:
3039:
3006:
2921:
2893:
2885:
2853:(until 1830)
2796:
2795:
2777:
2759:
2742:
2741:
2715:(until 1830)
2650:
2649:
2631:
2625:
2614:
2606:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2559:Vice Admiral
2554:Rear Admiral
2489:
2488:
2403:First Seaman
2392:
2391:
2383:
2371:
2340:
2327:
2323:adding to it
2318:
2291:
2286:
2272:
2253:
2248:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2208:
2202:
2162:
2142:Gulf of Riga
2139:
2120:
2109:
2102:
2084:
2069:
2060:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2017:
2005:Please help
2000:verification
1997:
1972:
1970:
1962:
1951:
1936:
1932:Baltic Fleet
1928:
1917:
1888:Baltic Fleet
1884:Admiral Togo
1881:
1859:
1853:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1767:
1761:
1756:
1744:
1734:
1721:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1688:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1594:
1586:coastal guns
1585:
1563:
1546:
1541:
1520:
1505:
1486:
1479:
1456:
1448:
1435:
1413:
1397:
1374:
1370:paddle steam
1352:
1346:
1327:
1319:
1309:
1285:
1269:
1254:19th century
1236:protectorate
1213:
1186:
1170:Kerch Strait
1166:Russian army
1142:
1124:
1121:18th century
1084:
1044:
1028:M. M. Ivanov
1001:, the Greek
988:
986:
947:
939:
935:
929:
903:and then in
894:
866:Baltic Fleet
859:
824:
817:
794:Arctic Ocean
763:
758:
755:Stepan Razin
742:
738:
730:
722:
721:
699:
696:Borisoglebsk
695:
673:
664:
659:built it in
648:
642:
599:
564:
556:Baltic Fleet
537:
506:
469:
467:
459:Russian Navy
443:
344:Fyodor Litke
288:Samuel Greig
280:Alexei Orlov
247:
112:Baltic Fleet
21:Russian Navy
3704:Runivers.ru
3702:formats at
3680:Runivers.ru
3661:Runivers.ru
3659:formats at
3638:Runivers.ru
3636:formats at
3615:Runivers.ru
3613:formats at
3592:Runivers.ru
3573:Runivers.ru
3571:formats at
3503:. (2002).
3474:SPb, 2015.
3232:Grant p. 93
2837:(1830–1884)
2696:(1830–1884)
2435:Second mate
2374:Soviet Navy
2283:dreadnought
2264:Vehip Pasha
2099:dreadnought
1979:World War I
1939:Nicholas II
1905:Port Arthur
1892:Vladivostok
1866:around the
1830:fired upon
1812:Vladivostok
1808:Port Arthur
1803:in Munich.
1728:located in
1718:Vladivostok
1667:Vladivostok
1600:Mine-laying
1547:Petr Veliky
1463:Crimean War
1440: [
1416:Nicholas II
1360:(98.7
1356:(73.6
1286:During the
1220:Sea of Azov
1107:Caspian Sea
1095:Sea of Azov
1003:Ivan Botsis
974:Arkhangelsk
970:Pereyaslavl
958:brigantines
860:During the
727:Volga River
674:During the
669:Caspian Sea
643:Under Tsar
633:Dardanelles
609:Vladivostok
595:Soviet Navy
569:, with the
541:Nicholas II
519:, based in
454:Soviet Navy
241:Minister of
217:World War I
209:Crimean War
165:Engagements
3752:Categories
3678:format at
3590:format at
3448:Yellow Sea
3413:. (1994).
3129:2020-05-20
3124:eng.mil.ru
3034:) in 1721.
2998:References
2811:Lieutenant
2711:Admiralty
2705:Admiralty
2699:Admiralty
2692:Admiralty
2680:Admiralty
2674:Admiralty
2667:Lieutenant
2665:Admiralty
2656:Admiralty
2525:(formerly
2511:Lieutenant
2499:Midshipman
2473:Chief mate
2421:Third mate
2215:Sevastopol
2134:Kiel Canal
2126:Max Horton
2112:Baltic Sea
2089:Baltic Sea
2033:newspapers
1909:Yellow Sea
1856:Baltic Sea
1732:, Russia.
1691:Isaac Rice
1533:and thick
1322:Nicholas I
1174:fortresses
1154:Aegean Sea
1105:, and the
1103:Baltic Sea
1062:, Admiral
995:conscripts
890:Baltic Sea
854:Boyar Duma
802:Bering Sea
766:koch boats
688:Kokenhusen
639:Background
617:Baltic Sea
575:Baltic Sea
513:leadership
256:commanders
228:Commander-
223:Commanders
87:Allegiance
3171:9 October
3070:, p. 54,
3025:romanized
2851:Brigadier
2779:Feldwebel
2761:Gefreiter
2713:Brigadier
2633:Feldwebel
2608:Gefreiter
2544:Commodore
2507:(1834–84)
2477:Conductor
2453:Constable
2431:Boatswain
2369:of 1921.
2268:Trebizond
2238:SMS
2231:SMS
2211:Black Sea
2198:Black Sea
2188:Black Sea
2063:June 2017
1531:artillery
1523:ironclads
1471:corvettes
1459:steamboat
1384:long tons
1349:steamboat
1344:in 1829.
1292:Kronstadt
1207:with the
1135:squadrons
1131:Black Sea
1099:Black Sea
1091:White Sea
1039:Kronstadt
1022:Bosphorus
982:Astrakhan
953:scampavei
948:скампавеи
911:) and in
905:Kronstadt
874:estuaries
870:shipyards
840:and 1300
834:fireships
782:Indigirka
770:White Sea
747:Astrakhan
665:Frederick
645:Mikhail I
629:Bosphorus
579:Black Sea
59:Disbanded
3724:Archived
3674:(1910).
3450:1904–05.
2926:See also
2797:Officers
2784:Sergeant
2768:Corporal
2638:Sergeant
2619:Corporal
2542:Captain-
2490:Officers
2441:skipper)
2439:Schooner
2296:sabotage
2275:Bosporus
2174:Helsinki
2167:and the
2116:Kattegat
1907:and the
1679:Shenyang
1613:flagship
1527:monitors
1409:New York
1300:Napoleon
1238:and was
1228:Dniester
1182:Yenikale
990:dvoryane
962:Voronezh
936:shnyavas
932:frigates
751:Cossacks
684:Dünaburg
661:Balakhna
657:Holstein
631:and the
613:Murmansk
382:Insignia
248:See list
243:the Navy
230:in-chief
3651:(1871)
3628:(1875)
3605:(1872)
3586:(1864)
3390:Sources
3259:Yashima
3252:Hatsuse
3189:p. 95.
3027::
3016:Russian
2869:General
2846:Colonel
2824:Captain
2776:Marine
2758:Marine
2750:Private
2748:Marine
2732:General
2707:Colonel
2682:Captain
2630:Marine
2605:Marine
2597:Private
2595:Marine
2564:Admiral
2463:Skipper
2363:Bizerta
2258:in his
2240:Breslau
2110:In the
2106:in 1916
2103:Poltava
2047:scholar
1858:fleet (
1768:Forelle
1757:Forelle
1745:Forelle
1712:Plunger
1709:-class/
1660:Yashima
1656:Hatsuse
1651:Hatsuse
1645:Yashima
1539:gunboat
1482:serfdom
1393:Siberia
1382:(1,320
1375:Bogatyr
1366:cannons
1266:, 1810s
1244:Kherson
1160:in the
1150:Admiral
1101:), the
1087:vessels
978:Olonets
909:Tallinn
838:galleys
753:led by
690:on the
680:Swedish
621:Øresund
587:emperor
571:Germans
529:Finland
484:of the
474:Russian
416:Pennant
254:Notable
67:Country
51:Founded
3692:(1904)
3542:
3528:
3507:
3492:
3478:
3456:
3434:
3417:
3193:
3097:
3078:
3074:1990.
2803:Ensign
2754:Marine
2730:Fleet
2724:Fleet
2718:Fleet
2658:Ensign
2601:Marine
2409:Seaman
2399:Seaman
2359:Crimea
2249:Goeben
2233:Goeben
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2020:
1965:-class
1958:Turkey
1954:-class
1952:Gangut
1824:Delfin
1783:U-boat
1751:, and
1714:-class
1703:Fulton
1633:Pobeda
1624:Pobeda
1621:, and
1499:, and
1353:Izhora
1232:Crimea
1230:. The
1205:Serbia
1199:. The
1189:Danube
1093:, the
1078:, and
913:Vyborg
886:Olonka
842:strugs
778:Kolyma
706:named
653:Danish
581:. The
525:Alaska
388:Ensign
155:Patron
104:Branch
80:Russia
77:
3255:'
3157:(PDF)
2835:Major
2694:Major
2279:Varna
2178:Reval
2054:JSTOR
2040:books
1973:Rurik
1937:Tsar
1764:class
1707:Adder
1535:armor
1475:brigs
1444:]
1312:, by
1178:Kerch
966:Kazan
950:, or
940:шнява
836:, 23
731:boyar
723:Boyar
704:boyar
3698:and
3696:DjVu
3676:DjVu
3655:and
3653:DjVu
3632:and
3630:DjVu
3609:and
3607:DjVu
3588:DjVu
3567:and
3565:DjVu
3540:ISBN
3526:ISBN
3505:ISBN
3490:ISBN
3476:ISBN
3454:ISBN
3432:ISBN
3415:ISBN
3365:2022
3191:ISBN
3173:2023
3095:ISBN
3076:ISBN
3010:The
2221:and
2209:The
2196:The
2176:and
2154:Riga
2026:news
1943:Duma
1844:Keta
1836:Keta
1822:and
1779:Karp
1762:Karp
1741:Kiel
1648:and
1542:Opyt
1506:The
1473:and
1294:and
1279:and
1226:and
1180:and
1172:and
1143:see
934:, 3
897:base
884:and
882:Luga
878:Syas
850:Azov
786:Amur
780:and
774:Lena
759:Орёл
743:Орёл
739:Орёл
702:. A
686:and
482:navy
468:The
402:Jack
149:Navy
145:Type
62:1917
54:1696
3700:PDF
3657:PDF
3634:PDF
3611:PDF
3569:PDF
2451:) (
2325:.
2009:by
1842:.
1832:Som
1820:Som
1797:U-1
1788:U-1
1739:at
1722:Som
1693:'s
1224:Bug
1176:of
1148:).
1026:By
735:Oka
3754::
3694:.
3356:.
3165:15
3163:.
3159:.
3122:.
3048:^
3022:,
3018::
2752:,
2599:,
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2475:,
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2433:,
2419:,
2247:.
2144:,
2121:E9
1879:.
1785:,
1639:.
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1525:,
1495:,
1491:,
1442:ru
1362:hp
1358:kW
1283:.
1275:,
1211:.
1184:.
1082:.
1074:,
1058:,
1054:,
1050:,
984:.
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972:,
968:,
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919:.
880:,
776:,
546:r.
535:.
476::
3546:.
3532:.
3496:.
3460:.
3440:.
3406:)
3367:.
3175:.
3132:.
2786:)
2770:)
2640:)
2621:)
2479:)
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2461:(
2455:)
2447:(
2429:(
2415:(
2332:)
2328:(
2156:(
2076:)
2070:(
2065:)
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2044:·
2037:·
2030:·
2003:.
1584:(
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