27:
315:
329:
301:
39:
115:
the organization supported the
Bulgarian army and joined to Bulgarian war-time authorities when they temporarily took control over mosts of Thrace and Macedonia. In this period autonomism as a political tactic was abandoned and annexationist positions were supported, aiming eventual incorporation of
151:
By 1928, after the assassination of
Protogerov, Mihailov proposed a new plan calling for unification of a pre-1913 Macedonia region into a single state, that would be independent from Bulgaria. It should be with prevailing ethnic Bulgarian element. However the new state would to be
205:, in which for the first time, an international organization has recognized the existence of a separate Macedonian nation and language. However the IMRO (United), was not particularly influential on the revolutionary movement in the region. Prior to the
180:
signed in 1924 by the leadership of the IMRO, which maintained the independence and unification of the region of
Macedonia, and cooperation with the Soviet Union, some left-wing revolutionaries of the IMRO founded the so-called
136:(Bulgarian part), which it used as a base for hit and run attacks against Yugoslavia and Greece. It acted as a "state within a state", with the unofficial support of the right-wing Bulgarian governments.
160:, something as "Switzerland on the Balkans". Nevertheless, the IMRO continued to support Bulgarian irredentism. It had close ties to diaspora organizations abroad, the most important of which was the
285:
on 8 September 1991, that was approved by 96.4% of votes. According to some observers, 8 September was chosen as the date for the referendum to link it with the 8 September 1944 proclamation of the
425:
Spyros Sfetas, The Birth of ‘Macedonianism’ in the
Interwar Period p. 287. in the History of Macedonia, ed. Ioannis Koliopoulos, Museum of the Macedonian struggle, Thessaloniki, 2010; pp. 286-303.
132:, that meant in fact a second Bulgarian state on the Balkans. It accepted this concept with the aim to annex the territories occupied by Serbia and Greece. IMRO then had de facto full control of
107:
revolutionaries. The idea then was strictly political and did not imply a secession from
Bulgarian ethnicity, but unity of all nationalities in the area, then under Ottoman control. During the
489:
Yannis
Sygkelos, Nationalism from the Left: The Bulgarian Communist Party During the Second World War and the Early Post-War Years; Volume 2 of Balkan Studies Library, BRILL, 2011,
408:
Marina
Cattaruzza, Stefan Dyroff, Dieter Langewiesche as ed., Territorial Revisionism and the Allies of Germany in the Second World War: Goals, Expectations, Berghahn Books, 2012,
176:
policy on the
Macedonian question rose the slogan of a united and independent Macedonia at the 5th Conference of the Balkan Communist Federation in 1923. After the failure of the
148:'s death in 1924, changed the main task for an autonomous Macedonian state, but officially under Bulgarian control, as it was a way for a subsequent unification with Bulgaria.
128:, the IMRO developed an agenda for an autonomous or even independent Macedonia, on the territories of Greece, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, under the protectorate of the
96:
616:
540:"Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question," Victor Roudometof, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002,
202:
435:
Balkan
Strongmen: Dictators and Authoritarian Rulers of South Eastern Europe, Central Europe Studies, Professor Bernd J Fischer, Purdue University Press, 2007
221:
As the
Bulgarian army as part from Axis-powers entered Yugoslav and Greek Macedonia during WWII in April 1941, former IMRO members were active in organising
585:Утрински весник, Брoj 2781 сабота, 06 септември 2008. Киро Кипроски, Од каталогот на поштенски марки на југословенските држави издаден во 1978 година.
237:. The state had to have a Bulgarian character. It would be placed under the protectorate of the Third Reich, but they failed. In the late 1944, this
454:
Todor Chepreganov et al., History of the Macedonian People, Institute of National History, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje,(2008) p. 254.
189:. Its main objective was to free the region of Macedonia, and to create a new political entity which would become an equal member of the future
65:
347:
91:
523:
Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia; Historical Dictionaries of Europe; Edition 2; Rowman & Littlefield, 2019,
465:
233:, who strengthened their positions. After Bulgaria switched sides in September 1944, some former IMRO activists tried to create an
278:
463:
The last interview with the leader of IMRO, Ivan Michailov in 1989 – newspaper 'Democratsia', Sofia, 8 January 2001, pp. 10–11
381:
The Macedoine, "The National Question in Yugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics", by Ivo Banac, Cornell University Press, 1984.
20:
434:
164:
in the United States and Canada. The organization was suppressed by the Bulgarian army after the 1934 Military coup.
161:
46:
575:
Walking on the Edge: Consolidating Multiethnic Macedonia, 1989-2004, Židas Daskalovski, Globic Press, 2006 (page 46)
611:
606:
282:
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several activists had agreed to make a party for a future independent Macedonia. By these circumstances the
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289:. On January 15, 1992, Bulgaria was the first country to recognize the independence of the new state.
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253:, who tried to create a fully independent Macedonia, was charged of being supporter of
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541:
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J. Pettifer as ed., The New Macedonian Question, St Antony's Series, Springer, 1999,
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then, greeted the Axis' invasion on the Balkans as a liberation. Headline reads:
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Andrew Rossos, Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History, Hoover Press, 2008,
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254:
182:
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242:
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100:
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The Balkans. From Constantinople to Communism. Dennis P Hupchik, page 299
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34:
during 1920s in Sofia, presenting their concept of Independent Macedonia.
16:
Conceptual project by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
257:
ideas, and was sentenced to eleven years in prison under forced labor.
226:
557:
L. Benson, Yugoslavia: A Concise History, Edition 2, Springer, 2003,
225:, charged with taking over the local authorities. During the War the
194:
173:
38:
274:
186:
116:
occupied areas into Bulgaria. However Bulgaria lost the Wars.
89:
appeared initially in the late 19th century as variant called
466:"Ivan Michailov - Radko: I am a Bulgarian from Macedonia"
97:
Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization
203:
Resolution of the Comintern on the Macedonian Question
68:(IMRO) to create an independent Macedonia, during the
296:
197:, maintaining close links with its Bulgarian leader
99:. The organization was founded in 1893 in Ottoman
593:
45:newspaper issue from Easter, 17 April 1941. The
617:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
193:. IMRO (United) was sponsored directly by the
66:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
348:Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople regions
213:have been of little practical importance.
241:was dissolved and the communists founded
37:
25:
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229:ideas were partially supported by the
144:, who assumed IMRO's leadership after
21:Independent Macedonia (disambiguation)
249:. The local high-ranking politician
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85:The predecessor of the concept of
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162:Macedonian Patriotic Organization
47:Macedonian Patriotic Organization
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103:by a small band of anti-Ottoman
64:was a conceptual project of the
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283:Socialist Republic of Macedonia
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457:
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287:Independent State of Macedonia
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273:party was founded in 1990 in
353:Independent Macedonia (1944)
235:independent Macedonian state
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223:Bulgarian Action Committees
201:. In 1934 it supported the
191:Balkan Communist Federation
57:Independence for Macedonia.
10:
633:
80:
75:
18:
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95:in the documents of the
279:independence referendum
119:
55:. Belgrade has fallen.
612:Macedonian nationalism
607:Macedonian irredentism
321:North Macedonia portal
251:Metodija Andonov-Čento
58:
35:
602:Bulgarian nationalism
267:breakup of Yugoslavia
209:, thеsе views on the
142:Aleksandar Protogerov
87:Independent Macedonia
62:Independent Macedonia
41:
29:
247:Communist Yugoslavia
124:In the aftermath of
92:autonomous Macedonia
19:For other uses, see
211:Macedonian question
30:Postcard issued by
231:Yugoslav Partisans
105:Macedono-Bulgarian
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43:Macedonian Tribune
36:
472:on 6 October 2011
277:. In this way an
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281:was held in the
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183:IMRO (United)
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178:May Manifesto
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168:IMRO (United)
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154:supranational
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138:Ivan Mihailov
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474:. Retrieved
470:the original
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243:SR Macedonia
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130:Great Powers
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101:Thessaloniki
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60:
50:
42:
265:During the
245:as part of
185:in 1925 in
126:World War I
109:Balkan Wars
596:Categories
563:1403997209
546:0275976483
529:1538119625
512:081794883X
495:9004192085
476:2011-11-14
443:1557534551
414:085745739X
397:0230535798
359:References
271:IMRO–DPMNE
227:Macedonist
158:cantonized
514:, p. 132.
445:, p. 127.
416:, p. 166.
195:Comintern
174:Comintern
565:, p. 89.
548:, p. 99.
531:, p. 14.
497:, p. 30.
293:See also
111:and the
399:, p 68.
81:Prelude
76:History
32:Ilinden
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275:Skopje
261:Modern
187:Vienna
239:state
559:ISBN
542:ISBN
525:ISBN
508:ISBN
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439:ISBN
410:ISBN
393:ISBN
172:The
156:and
140:and
120:IMRO
598::
437:,
72:.
479:.
23:.
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