837:, the Bulgarian government obtained certain information about them. On 2 September 1944 Bulgaria ordered the withdrawal of its troops from Macedonia. Detailed German telegrams indicate that on 3 September 1944 Mihaylov was flown from Zagreb to Sofia. A German telegram from 1:07 am on 5 September indicates that Hitler re-ordered the establishment of a puppet state in Macedonia. Mihaylov was transported to Skopje on the evening of 5 September "to see what can saved". Another telegram repeating the Fuehrer's order came in at 2 am on 6 September. On 6 September, Mihaylov declined the offer to lead an independent 'puppet state' for inability to get local support. The German diplomats in Skopje reported to Berlin that the attempt to establish a puppet state had failed. On 8 September 1944 Germany closed its Consulate in Skopje, and Mihaylov with his wife, together staff from the German consulate, left Skopje. Nevertheless, the same day, right-wing IMRO nationalists declared independence.
630:, Georgi Skrizhovski, Aleksandar Bujnov, Chudomir Kantardjiev and many others were killed in a series of consecutive murders all taking place in 1925. Mihaylov's group of young IMRO cadres soon fell into conflict with the older group of the organization. The latter were in favour of the old tactics of incursions by armed bands in Yugoslavia and Greece, whereas the former favoured more flexible tactics, with smaller terrorist cells, carrying selective assassinations of public figures. The conflict grew into a leadership struggle and Mihaylov soon, in turn, ordered the assassination in 1928 of a rival leader of the older group, General
650:
300:
967:
732:
151:
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stance. The acknowledgement of
Bulgarian influence on Macedonian history is highly problematic to many Macedonians because it clashes with the Yugo-Macedonian narratives. Especially after the Tito–Stalin split of 1948, the cornerstone of Macedonian national identity and historiography had been the notion of a distinct, non-Bulgarian, Macedonian national consciousness, leading to a profoundly anti-Bulgarian stance in politics and historiography.
917:
574:
36:
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by Tito in
Yugoslavia were protected. In order to provide a basis for the Bulgarian emigrant movement and create a historical record, Ivan Mihaylov started writing his memoirs from the 1950s to the 1970s, which the MPO's Central Committee published in four large volumes. These works provide serious proof of Bulgarian national interests from the 50s to the 70s. After the change of Bulgarian policy toward the
846:
373:, thus eliminating not only the enemies of the Bulgarian national idea in Macedonia but also its left-wing opponents within the Macedonian liberation movement. Mihaylov changed the organization's tactics from guerrilla campaigns to individual terrorist acts. Numerous attacks were carried out by IMRO against Yugoslav officials under his leadership, the most spectacular of which was the
826:, where he spoke to Hitler and Himmler and other top German leaders. From the scant available German information, it is apparent that Mihaylov received consent to create three battalions consisting of volunteers armed with German weapons and munitions. Moreover, these battalions were to be under the operative command and disposal of Reichsfuhrer of
1093:, Mihaylov's view about the term "Macedonian" was that it's a generalizing, regional term, including different ethnicities like Bulgarians, Aromanians, Albanians but not ethnic Macedonians. He regarded his IMRO as "a purely Bulgarian affair", and him as "a terrorist and an exponent of Bulgarian revanchism".
791:
were organised. It was apparent that
Mihaylov had broader plans which envisaged the creation of a Macedonian state under a German control. It was also anticipated that the IMRO volunteers would form the core of the armed forces of a future Independent Macedonia in addition to providing administration
589:
was assassinated in unclear circumstances and IMRO soon came under the control of
Mihaylov, who had become a powerful figure in Bulgarian politics. IMRO's leadership was quick to blame Aleksandrov's murder on the communists, while they claimed that Mihaylov may have actually been responsible for the
936:
in the United States, Canada and
Australia in the late 1940s. Mihaylov became the emigrants' ideological leader, and the MPO supplied the people and funds for the political struggle. With the help of the United Nations and various humanitarian organizations, the human rights of Bulgarians repressed
718:
occupation which they considered
Bulgarian land. As a result of this, IMRO had built an extensive network in Pirin Macedonia and in the other parts of Bulgarian territory, which was used to provide financing for the organization and an operational base from which the offensives into Yugoslavia and
709:
and ordered his supporters not to resist the
Bulgarian army and to accept the disarmament peacefully, potentially avoiding a civil war or foreign invasion. Many inhabitants of Pirin Macedonia met this disbandment with satisfaction because it was perceived as relief from an unlawful and quite often
1246:
Ryan
Gingeras, The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization: "Oriental" terrorism, counterinsurgency, and the end of the Ottoman Empire, pp. 372-373 in The Oxford Handbook of the History of Terrorism (2021) edited by Carola Dietze and Claudia Verhoeven, pp. 367-384; Oxford University Press,
957:
when in 1990 at the end of the cold war, the popular TV anchor Kevork
Kevorkyan contacted Mihaylov, thought by many to be long since deceased, and recorded a long interview with him. After the long years of official propaganda, he was still thought of as an "enemy of the people" by many. This was
1355:
In
Macedonia, the interwar VMRO has traditionally been portrayed as Bulgarian, and as a champion of the ideal of a ‘Greater Bulgaria’ that included Macedonia. In turn, thus, SDSM politicians and mainstream historians have accused the VMRO-DPMNE of falsifying history and of taking a pro-Bulgarian
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state with a prevailing ethnic Bulgarian element, something as "Switzerland on the Balkans". According to his personal secretary Vida Boeva he was constantly canvassing by means of petitions, letters of protest, memoirs addressed to the UN etc. By the name of Macedonian Patriotic Organisation
1209:
From the moment he took power, he allied the VMRO very closely with the Bulgarian nationalist and revisionist right. He also cooperated actively with the other revisionist powers—Benito Mussolini's Fascist Italy, Admiral Horthy's right-wing Hungary, and Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany - and with
1165:
Indeed, some Macedonian Slavs still combine Bulgarian ethnic sentiment with the desire for an independent multi-ethnic Macedonia. In 1989, for example, Ivan Mihailov, a self-professed “Bulgarian from Macedonia”, told Macedonian journalist Boris Vishinsky (2001) that he sought “an independent
953:, which contacted Anton Popov, a journalist at the same station. Popov was one of the persons abroad that Ivan Mihaylov trusted most. Sensing the impending collapse of Yugoslavia, he consented to such an interview, but only provided written answers. It then came as a real shock for many in
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There are different political opinions about Mihaylov's activity in Bulgaria, but scholars agree that he was a defender of the statement about the strong Bulgarian character of the Slav-speaking population in the region of Macedonia. He was a follower of the idea about an independent
997:
In Bulgaria, Mihaylov is regarded as an important revolutionary from the third generation of freedom fighters who continued the struggle for political autonomy or independence in the Bulgarian-populated parts of Macedonia after the partition of most of the region of Macedonia between
710:
brutal parallel authority. Mihaylov had nine life sentences and three death sentences in Bulgaria. Although IMRO's main goal had always been the creation of an independent Macedonian state, some previous Bulgarian governments tolerated it as its goal was the liberation of
1077:
emphasizing that the Macedonian Republic was a colony of Serbia, under another name, as the Macedonian nation. He declared also that Macedonia is Bulgarian and the Slavs in Macedonia are Bulgarian. All these people that had the power in Macedonia were
479:
Mihaylov is the author of four volumes of memoirs and a number of articles and pamphlets, such as "Macedonia: Switzerland of the Balkans", "Stalin and the Macedonian Question", as well as other materials describing the Macedonian struggle for freedom.
1177:
Tchavdar Marinov, Communism and Nationalism in the Balkans: Marriage of Convenience or Mutual Attraction? p. 510 in: Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume Two (2013) edited by Tchavdar Marinov and Alexander Vezenkov, pp. 469–555, BRILL;
646:. A total of 63 terrorist acts and attacks on bridges, warehouses, Serbian police stations and military targets were undertaken between 1922 and 1930, the number of assassinated Serbian officials and collaborators numbered in the thousands
931:
Gradually Ivan Mihaylov was established as a legal political figure and author of the ideology of the Bulgarian national liberation movement in Macedonia. This fact allowed for a close political alliance between Ivan Mihaylov and the
476:. He was later partially rehabilitated there, supporting the Bulgarian narrative that negates the existence of a widespread Macedonian national identity before the end of World War II and he has been fully rehabilitated today.
833:. Additionally, in Sofia talks were held between high-ranking functionaries of the SS and the IMRO Central Committee members. Despite the confidential character of the negotiations between Mihaylov and the
634:, which sparked a fratricidal war between "Mihaylovists" and "Protogerovists". The less numerous and ill-equipped Protogerovists soon became allied with Yugoslavia and certain Bulgarian military circles as
2050:
719:
Greece were conducted. While in exile, IMRO was kept alive by members in various countries worldwide, but ceased to be an active force in Macedonia except for brief moments during the
1108:
was just a Yugoslav satellite and even if it became completely independent, it would be harmful to Bulgaria. In this way, its natural place would be in its unification with Bulgaria.
1298:
Stefan Troebst (2017) Zwischen Arktis, Adria und Armenien: das östliche Europa und seine Ränder: Aufsätze, Essays und Vorträge 1983-2016; Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, pp. 130-131;
2085:
978:(IMRO) was no longer active, Mihaylov remained the leader of the Macedonian Liberation Movement and was supported by the Macedonian Patriotic Organization of US and Canada, of
701:. IMRO's constant fratricidal killings and assassinations abroad provoked some within the Bulgarian military to take control and attempt to crush the organization after the
1345:Виктор Цветаноски, Ванчо Михајлов умирал и тврдел дека македонска нација не постои. Која е контроверзната тетовка што ја слават Бугарите? (5) Утрински весник, 27.02.2007 г.
949:
political activity. However, in September 1989, Boris Vishinsky, a Skopje journalist, decided to try and interview Mihaylov. He expressed his hope for such an interview on
779:. Mihaylov refused to return to the Bulgarian-occupied part of Macedonia and remained in Croatia until the end of the war. With his help in 1943, some armed detachments –
1358:
For more see: Paul Reef (2018) Macedonian Monument Culture Beyond 'Skopje 2014'. From the journal Comparative Southeast European Studies. De Gruyter Oldenbourg.
1694:
885:-controlled authorities on accusations of collaboration with the Bulgarian occupation, Bulgarian nationalism, anti-communist and anti-Yugoslav activities, etc.
1595:
Das makedonische Jahrhundert: von den Anfängen der nationalrevolutionären Bewegung zum Abkommen von Ohrid 1893–2001, Stefan Troebst, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2007,
1815:
Focus magazine n 531; 2 September 2005 Exclusive from Rome. Vida Boeva a personal secretary of the last leader of IMRO. The West was backing Vancho Mihaylov.
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673:
and acted as a "state within a state", which it used as a base for hit and run attacks against Yugoslavia with the unofficial support of Bulgaria and later
2055:
1731:
1385:
2060:
1950:
1397:Иван Гаврилов Михайлов, Избрани произведения, редактори: К Гергинов, Цочо Билярски; Военноиздателски комплекс "Св. Георги Победоносец", 1993, стр. 5;
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but ultimately refused to move forward due to the lack of German military support and his reluctance to take a course that would lead to civil war.
1281:
Dimitris Livanios (2008) The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949, Oxford Historical Monographs, OUP Oxford; pp. 28-30;
857:
ordered the assassination of Mihaylov. The new regimes in Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Greece persecuted his followers as fascists and traitors. After
1844:
1371:
533:. A scholarship was offered to him by the Serbian Ministry of Education to pursue a degree at a European university, but he declined. During the
1168:
For more see: Alexander Maxwell, “Slavic Macedonian Nationalism: From 'Regional' to 'Ethnic,'” in Ethnologia Balkanica; issue 11 (2007) p. 147.
990:, the oldest continuously published Macedonian émigré newspaper. Until the end of his life, Mihaylov continued his interest in the fate of the
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363:
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162:
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Michael Palairet (2016) Macedonia: A Voyage through History (Vol. 2), Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 192-194; 196; 200; 208; 213; 223,
542:
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murder. These events created friction between factions within the organization and led to several high-profile murders, including that of
1384:
Frosina Dimeska, WWII Bulgarian Nationalist ‘Glorified to Undermine Macedonian Identity’: Interview with the historian Chavdar Marinov,
374:
1467:
1790:
772:
638:, who favoured rapprochement with Yugoslavia. That period led to the intensification of the armed struggle of the organization in
942:
1779:Билярски, Цочо. Един живот, посветен на България и на революцията, In: Михайлов, Иван. Избрани произведения, София 1993, с. 5–25
1229:
Frederick B. Chary (2011) The History of Bulgaria, The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations, ABC-CLIO, pp. 70-71; 114-116,
2070:
1788:
The last interview with the leader of IMRO, Ivan Michailov in 1989 – newspaper 'Democratsia', Sofia, 8 January 2001, pp. 10–11
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2000:
2075:
299:
1622:
450:
I would recommend to the young people in Macedonia to hold on to the fact that we have been Bulgarians for a thousand years.
100:
1655:
1085:. He believed that the Macedonians are part of the Bulgarian nation and the founders of IMRO were people who accepted the
72:
2040:
1984:
1612:
James Minahan. Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States (Greenwood Press, 1998), p. 178
1966:
873:. The organizations of the IMRO in Bulgaria were completely destroyed. Former IMRO members were hunted by the communist
702:
472:
historical narrative. According to Bulgarian historian Chavdar Marinov, Mihaylov was regarded as a Nazi collaborator in
2080:
2065:
398:
1691:
941:
in the late 1950s, Mihaylov was largely forgotten about and according to some sources even in the 1970s and 1980s the
1879:
1718:
1580:
1553:
1526:
1499:
1449:
1424:
933:
421:
119:
79:
674:
468:, while the organization he led is seen as a controversial Bulgarian organization because its ideas clash with the
1315:
681:. Numerous assassinations were carried out by IMRO activists in many countries, the majority of which occurred in
494:
229:
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2045:
1600:
1402:
1303:
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1234:
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1183:
86:
57:
53:
1050:, opened a memorial home of leaders of historical VMRO, devoted also to Ivan Mihaylov, at 20 December 2014 in
994:(whom he considered ethnically Bulgarian) and was committed to an autonomous or independent Macedonian state.
436:" and asserted that it acted as a money-raising organ to support Mihaylov's activity. At the beginning of the
2095:
1943:– Volume IV of Ivan Mihaylov's memoirs, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Western Newspaper Publishing Co., Inc., 1973.
1680:Красимир Каракачанов, Божидар Димитров и Костадин Чакъров в разговор за Ванчо Михайлов пред Георги Коритаров
390:
1101:
1047:
813:
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521:(1913), when the school was closed by the new Greek administration. He later continued his schooling at a
68:
1212:
For more see: Andrew Rossos (2013) Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History, Hoover Press, 2013, p. 162,
894:
1895:Иван Михайлов от Ново село, Щип, Вардарска Македония - "Разговор с Райна Дрангова", Рим, юни 1979 година
1848:
1133:
991:
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24:
1741:
1653:
The Macedonian Patriotic Organization in the United States, Canada and Australia. Dr. Trendafil Mitev
1129:
788:
686:
784:
649:
1758:
1006:. His memory is honoured and his name is taken from streets and schools in the whole of Bulgaria.
1442:
Macedonia: A Voyage through History (Vol. 2, From the Fifteenth Century to the Present), Volume 2
866:
46:
1821:
1032:
822:
for Germany where he was to visit the main headquarters of Hitler and the headquarters of the
1842:Иван КАТАРЏИЕВ, aкадемик, ВЕРУВАМ ВО НАЦИОНАЛНИОТ ИМУНИТЕТ НА МАКЕДОНЕЦОТ. Forum Publishing.
1730:Уставeн суд на Република Македонија. У.Број: 168/2000-0-0. Дата на донесување: 21 March 2001.
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20:
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IMRO Militia And Volunteer Battalions of Southwestern Macedonia, 1943–1944. By Vic Nicholas
2035:
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1940:
1014:
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93:
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and teachers were brought in from Yugoslavia to teach the locals in the recently codified
602:
IMRO, took action against several former members of IMRO's Sandanist (left-wing) faction.
369:
Under Mihaylov, IMRO became notoriously anti-communist and identified itself closely with
8:
1794:
1073:
1063:
938:
877:
and many of them were imprisoned, repressed, exiled or killed. On the other hand, former
870:
853:
In 1944, he was forced to flee again, this time to Italy. The Bulgarian communist leader
344:
324:
768:
711:
473:
469:
359:
336:
316:
1090:
1051:
1013:, Ivan Mihaylov has been regarded as a controversial pro-Bulgarian revolutionary. The
1875:
1714:
1596:
1576:
1549:
1522:
1495:
1445:
1420:
1398:
1335:
Ivan Mihaylov: I am Bulgarian from Macedonia, Interwiev, Sertember 1989. (in English)
1334:
1299:
1282:
1265:
1248:
1230:
1213:
1179:
1018:
849:
Mihaylov (to the left) with the vormer IMRO activist Pandeli Stoyanov in Rome (1969).
834:
823:
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623:
586:
562:
530:
518:
437:
185:
2012:
819:
557:. It was at this time that he was offered to work as personal secretary to the then
1997:
1070:
830:
776:
764:
720:
643:
639:
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522:
386:
272:
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2004:
1988:
1970:
1755:"НОВА Музеј на ВМРО во Штип: Восочни фигури на Тодор Александров, Ванчо Михајлов"
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1471:
1322:
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910:
886:
862:
854:
731:
670:
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465:
409:. During the last stage of the war, he tried to realize IMRO's plan to create an
356:
1659:
1021:, a pro-Bulgarian organization bearing the name of Ivan Mihaylov as separatist.
889:
and Georgi Dimitrov worked on a project to merge Bulgaria and Yugoslavia into a
736:
698:
175:
24 December 1924 – 1934 (together with Aleksandar Protogerov till 1928)
1894:
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538:
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233:
1979:
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2024:
1961:
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1105:
913:
many of these people were expelled from Greece and tortured as Bulgarians.
902:
858:
514:
453:
406:
402:
909:" were convicted of military crimes as collaborationists. Also, after the
905:
took a stance against Yugoslavia. After the Second World War many former "
1930:
1920:
1910:
1359:
1024:
534:
150:
901:
in June 1948, when Bulgaria, being subordinated to the interests of the
1372:"Why Ivan Mihailov's Memory Still Disturbs Present-day Balkan Politics"
1036:
979:
946:
682:
382:
352:
267:
1417:
The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation
986:. He wrote four books of memoirs and regularly wrote articles for The
1316:
Background Whereabouts and Activities of Ivan Mihailov, 16 April 1953
874:
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the ruling Bulgarian Communists declared the population in Bulgarian
694:
578:
916:
678:
573:
378:
35:
1097:
954:
882:
797:
546:
417:
1957:, by Antonio Pitamitz. pp. 46–51. Translated by Cali Ruchala.
1681:
983:
793:
1656:"Macedonian Patriotic Organization in USA, Canada and Australia"
1623:"Във и извън Македония. Спомени на Пандо Младенов стр. 97 – 100"
1057:
958:
Mihaylov's last interview. He died in Rome on 5 September 1990.
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1042:
The Government of Macedonia, in an event led by Prime Minister
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906:
780:
752:
748:
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163:
President of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
1933:– Volume III of Ivan Mihaylov's memoirs, Leuven, Belgium 1967
1923:– Volume II of Ivan Mihaylov's memoirs, Leuven, Belgium, 1965
845:
685:. The most spectacular of these was the assassination of King
2051:
Members of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
1913:– Volume I of Ivan Mihaylov's Memoirs, Leuven, Belgium, 1958
635:
595:
550:
545:
at the time. After the end of the war, Mihaylov emigrated to
444:, only a month before his death in 1990, he kept insisting: "
807:
558:
493:
Ivan Mihaylov was born on 26 August 1896 in the village of
249:
1941:"Спомени IV – Освободителна борба 1924–1934" (продължение)
424:
in the US and Canada worked under his guidance on the old
1791:"Ivan Michailov - Radko: I am a Bulgarian from Macedonia"
429:
751:
and Hungary and finally settled in the Croatian capital
827:
775:
and along with various other regions, becoming part of
1872:
The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians: A History
1166:
Macedonia with recognized historical ethnic groups”.
331:; 26 August 1896 – 5 September 1990), also known as
1483:
1481:
1479:
1210:
right-wing movements, such as the Croatian Ustasha.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2086:Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki alumni
677:, also establishing close links with the Croatian
1869:
1692:Beсник "Вест", Година:1 Број:215 Сабота 3/24/2001
577:Mihaylov (second from the right) with other IMRO-
2022:
1476:
1439:
1195:Moll, Nicolas (2012). "Kampf gegen den Terror".
464:. He is still regarded as such in what is today
1921:"Спомени II – Освободителна борба 1919 – 1924"
1444:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 193.
1124:He is credited in English-language sources as
976:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
364:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
1931:"Спомени III – Освободителна борба 1924–1934"
1058:Mihaylov's view about the Macedonian question
420:, Mihaylov lived in Italy while the emigrant
16:Bulgarian revolutionary in interwar Macedonia
789:Italian- and German-occupied Greek Macedonia
2056:Bulgarian military personnel of World War I
1419:. Princeton University Press. p. 271.
1414:
432:report from 1953, which dubbed the MPO as "
261:Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki
1963:Unpublished Memoirs, Diaries and Materials
818:In August 1943, Ivan Mihaylov left Zagreb
759:, a fascist puppet-state. In 1941, during
610:(who had previously killed the right-wing
375:assassination of Alexander I of Yugoslavia
192:Secretary General to the President of IMRO
2061:Bulgarian collaborators with Nazi Germany
897:. These policies were reversed after the
808:Refusal to create a pro-Nazi Puppet State
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1568:
1541:
1514:
1487:
1017:of the Republic of Macedonia banned the
965:
915:
844:
730:
661:on the grave of Todor Alexandrov in 1933
648:
594:(who led the Ohrid uprising in 1913) in
572:
426:IMRO's goal of an independent Macedonia
2023:
1360:https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2018-0037
1100:Mihaylov reconsidered his views on an
1039:is named after Ivan "Radko" Mihaylov.
840:
945:supported his pro-Bulgarian and anti-
755:, which at that time was part of the
568:
1089:. According to Macedonian historian
553:. Here he began studying law at the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
23:. For the Bulgarian footballer, see
1104:. He claimed in 1979 in Rome, that
13:
1953:, Interview with Ivan Mihaylov in
1742:Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica:
1134:Macedonian transliteration schemes
622:in 1924 by Mihaylov's future wife
14:
2107:
1904:
970:Ivan Mihaylov's monument in Sofia
934:Macedonian Patriotic Organization
422:Macedonian Patriotic Organization
377:, in collaboration with Croatian
689:and the French Foreign Minister
298:
149:
34:
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697:in 1934, in collaboration with
446:I am a Bulgarian from Macedonia
381:. He actively cooperated with
45:needs additional citations for
1951:"The Conspirator Rediscovered"
1709:Makedonska enciklopedija: M-Š
1275:
1258:
1240:
1223:
1202:
1199:(in German). No. 6. pp. 72–77.
1189:
1171:
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1046:and Minister for Culture, Ms.
743:After 1934, Mihaylov lived in
726:
488:
1:
2071:20th-century Bulgarian people
1151:
703:Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934
606:was killed in Sofia in 1922,
428:. This was acknowledged by a
19:For the Bulgarian boxer, see
2076:Bulgarian emigrants to Italy
1575:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
1569:Schubert, Gabriella (2005).
1548:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
1542:Schubert, Gabriella (2005).
1521:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
1515:Schubert, Gabriella (2005).
1494:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
1488:Schubert, Gabriella (2005).
1048:Elizabeta Kancheska-Milevska
943:Committee for State Security
881:were also persecuted by the
814:Independent Macedonia (1944)
757:Independent State of Croatia
705:. In 1934, Mihaylov fled to
483:
452:" Mihaylov was considered a
203:1928 (alone) – 1934
7:
1897:. www.strumski.com, p. 3-4.
895:Balkan Communist Federation
511:Bulgarian Men's High School
501:, North Macedonia), in the
362:and the last leader of the
10:
2112:
2041:People from Kosovo vilayet
1874:. Routledge. p. 185.
1870:Alexis Heraclides (2020).
1061:
925:graveyard of Grottaferrata
891:Balkan Federative Republic
811:
509:. Mihaylov studied at the
25:Ivan Mihaylov (footballer)
18:
2081:Bulgarian anti-communists
2066:Bulgarian revolutionaries
2013:Ivan Mihaylov's biography
2003:27 September 2007 at the
1987:27 September 2007 at the
1969:27 September 2007 at the
1440:Michael Palairet (2016).
1096:It seems that during the
961:
687:Alexander I of Yugoslavia
434:the US branch of the IMRO
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920:Mihaylov's grave in the
653:Ivan Mihaylov, his wife
1697:16 October 2005 at the
2091:Bulgarian nationalists
1033:South Shetland Islands
971:
928:
850:
740:
662:
618:) was assassinated in
582:
329:Иван Михајлов Гаврилов
321:Иван Михайлов Гаврилов
313:Ivan Mihaylov Gavrilov
2046:Macedonian Bulgarians
1911:"Спомени I – Младини"
1374:. BTA. 20 April 2022.
1321:25 April 2019 at the
1102:independent Macedonia
1062:Further information:
1002:and Greece after the
969:
919:
893:under control of the
848:
792:and education in the
734:
652:
632:Aleksandar Protogerov
576:
537:, he enlisted in the
442:breakup of Yugoslavia
411:Independent Macedonia
371:Bulgarian nationalism
21:Ivan Mihailov (boxer)
2096:Bulgarian memoirists
1981:Quo Vadis, Bulgaria?
1818:"Vida_Boeva_Broj_26"
1470:20 July 2006 at the
1415:Keith Brown (2003).
1386:BIRN, April 21, 2022
1087:San Stefano Bulgaria
1015:Constitutional court
642:, and especially in
497:(today a quarter of
462:Communist Yugoslavia
54:improve this article
1761:on 26 December 2014
1635:on 18 February 2012
1064:Macedonian question
939:Macedonian question
871:Macedonian language
841:During the Cold War
773:annexed by Bulgaria
585:On 31 August 1924,
543:occupied the region
470:Yugoslav Macedonian
1845:"Forum Publishing"
1824:on 14 October 2007
988:Macedonian Tribune
972:
929:
851:
741:
663:
583:
569:Leader of the IMRO
474:Communist Bulgaria
1955:Storia Illustrata
1851:on 2 January 2008
1797:on 6 October 2011
1071:United Macedonian
1019:Radko Association
899:Tito–Stalin split
835:Sicherheitsdienst
824:Sicherheitsdienst
787:Slav-speakers in
783:, which included
655:Mencha Karnicheva
587:Todor Aleksandrov
563:Todor Aleksandrov
531:Kingdom of Serbia
519:Second Balkan War
438:fall of communism
355:revolutionary in
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831:Heinrich Himmler
777:Greater Bulgaria
765:Vardar Macedonia
721:Second World War
644:Vardar Macedonia
624:Mencha Karnichiu
555:Sofia University
385:powers, such as
350:
342:
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273:Sofia University
246:
243:5 September 1990
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2005:Wayback Machine
1996:Ivan Mihaylov,
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1989:Wayback Machine
1978:Ivan Mihaylov,
1973:
1971:Wayback Machine
1960:Ivan Mihaylov,
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1091:Ivan Katardžiev
1066:
1060:
1052:Novo Selo, Štip
1044:Nikola Gruevski
1011:North Macedonia
1004:First World War
964:
911:Greek Civil War
887:Josip Broz Tito
863:Pirin Macedonia
855:Georgi Dimitrov
843:
816:
810:
769:Greek Macedonia
729:
714:from Greek and
679:Ustaše movement
671:Pirin Macedonia
628:Dimo Hadjidimov
600:interwar period
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333:Vancho Mihaylov
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735:Mihaylov with
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604:Gjorche Petrov
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549:, settling in
539:Bulgarian Army
529:, then in the
507:Ottoman Empire
503:Kosovo vilayet
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688:
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616:Ivan Garvanov
613:
612:Boris Sarafov
609:
608:Todor Panitsa
605:
601:
598:. During the
597:
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592:Petar Chaulev
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110:December 2013
102:
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71: –
70:
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
1980:
1962:
1954:
1890:
1871:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1849:the original
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:the original
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
1795:the original
1784:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:the original
1749:
1744:Radko Knoll.
1737:
1726:
1705:
1687:
1676:
1664:. Retrieved
1660:the original
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1630:the original
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1125:
1120:
1106:SR Macedonia
1095:
1082:
1078:
1067:
1041:
1023:
1008:
996:
987:
973:
947:Macedonistic
930:
903:Soviet Union
879:Mihaylovists
878:
859:World War II
852:
817:
761:World War II
742:
739:during WWII.
737:Ante Pavelic
699:Ante Pavelić
666:
664:
659:Marko Doshen
584:
515:Thessaloniki
492:
478:
457:
456:traitor and
454:Bulgarophile
449:
445:
433:
415:
407:Nazi Germany
368:
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312:
311:
245:(1990-09-05)
198:
170:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2036:1990 deaths
2031:1896 births
1855:30 December
1828:28 December
1801:14 November
1765:26 December
1639:29 December
1083:grecophiles
1079:serbophiles
1074:multiethnic
1025:Radko Knoll
992:Macedonians
804:districts.
727:1934 – 1944
669:control of
489:Early years
416:During the
181:Preceded by
2025:Categories
1601:3486580507
1572:Makedonien
1545:Makedonien
1518:Makedonien
1491:Makedonien
1403:9545090472
1304:3412507571
1287:0191528722
1270:1443888494
1253:019985856X
1235:0313384479
1218:081794883X
1184:9004261915
1152:References
1037:Antarctica
980:Fort Wayne
867:Macedonian
865:as ethnic
763:, most of
683:Yugoslavia
579:comitadjis
525:school in
383:revanchist
345:Macedonian
325:Macedonian
287:Profession
279:Occupation
268:Alma mater
223:1896-08-26
80:newspapers
1721:, p. 971.
1666:13 August
1603:, S. 234.
1130:Bulgarian
907:Ohranists
875:Militsiya
820:incognito
785:Bulgarian
712:Macedonia
695:Marseille
665:IMRO had
581:ca. 1924.
495:Novo Selo
484:Biography
387:Mussolini
366:(IMRO).
360:Macedonia
353:Bulgarian
351:), was a
337:Bulgarian
317:Bulgarian
295:Signature
257:Education
230:Novo Selo
199:In office
171:In office
2001:Archived
1998:Articles
1985:Archived
1967:Archived
1695:Archived
1468:Archived
1319:Archived
1142:Mihajlov
1138:Mihaylov
1126:Mihailov
1098:Cold War
955:Bulgaria
883:Belgrade
798:Kastoria
716:Yugoslav
667:de facto
547:Bulgaria
541:, which
440:and the
418:Cold War
357:interwar
1031:in the
984:Indiana
927:, Italy
794:Florina
561:leader
523:Serbian
505:of the
458:fascist
448:" and "
399:Hungary
252:, Italy
94:scholar
1878:
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1197:Damals
1182:
1000:Serbia
962:Legacy
802:Edessa
781:Ohrana
753:Zagreb
749:Poland
745:Turkey
707:Turkey
640:Aegean
620:Vienna
527:Skopje
403:Hitler
379:Ustaše
290:Lawyer
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1633:(PDF)
1626:(PDF)
1112:Notes
771:were
636:Zveno
596:Milan
551:Sofia
101:JSTOR
87:books
1876:ISBN
1857:2007
1830:2007
1803:2011
1767:2014
1715:ISBN
1668:2008
1641:2007
1597:ISBN
1577:ISBN
1550:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1283:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1231:ISBN
1214:ISBN
1180:ISBN
1140:and
1132:and
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