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728:, efforts were made by Macedonian politicians and historians to rehabilitate Aleksandrov. Most Macedonian historians have regarded him as "the biggest traitor to the Macedonian cause" due to his pro-Bulgarian views for a long time, while other historians have called him out for his alleged involvement in many assassinations of other VMRO members and other political and military figures of the time. On the other hand, other historians have referred to him as "the soul and the brain of the Macedonian resistance" and as "Macedonia’s Robin Hood", attributing to him remarkable organizational skills and will.
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739:. After the local administration refused to provide a place for the bust, it was raised in the yard of a local Bulgarian resident. In the following night the resident received a number of threats and the monument was twice thrown down by unknown individuals. Soon after, the monument was removed at the insistence of local authorities, as an unlawful construction. This incident caused Bulgarian president
587:. With the inclusion of Bulgaria in the First World War in October 1915, Todor Alexandrov was mobilized. At that time, the structures of the Military Defense Forces completely merged into the structure of the Bulgarian army. Aleksandrov himself made considerable efforts to organize the administration in the territories occupied by Sabia. On 4 November 1919, Aleksandrov was arrested by the government of
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co-operation with Todor
Lazarov and Mishe Razvigorov, worked day and night to organize the Štip Revolutionary District. The results of his activities were detected by the Ottoman authorities and in November 1904 he was forbidden to teach. On 10 January 1905, Aleksandrov's house was surrounded by numerous troops but he succeeded in breaking through the military cordoned and immediately joined the
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element. He took into consideration the decomposition of Greece and the incorporation into the autonomous
Macedonia of the Macedonian territory which was under the Greek dominion. The part of Macedonia which was in Bulgaria was also foreseen to be incorporated into the autonomous Macedonia. His view
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under enforced police escort during the same night. He was sentenced to five years of solitary confinement by the extraordinary court there. In April 1904, he was released after an amnesty. Soon afterwards, he was appointed a head teacher in the Second high-school in Štip. Aleksandrov, in
1187:Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. : Личен състав по документи на Дирекция „Централен военен архив“. София, Главно управление на архивите, Дирекция „Централен военен архив“ В. Търново, Архивни справочници № 9, 2006. ISBN 954-9800-52-0. с. 16.
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In 2021, the name of the Todor
Alexandrov Bridge in Skopje, which was given to it in 2012 and provoked protests then, was changed back again. For more see: Зоре Нацева, Град Скопје ги врaќа старите имиња на Ленинова, Железничка, Мексичка, 4 Јули и други.
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took to the streets to protest the changing of hundreds of street names, including a bridge that was to be named after
Aleksandrov. In October, a few months after the setting of the monument, on it appeared a board with the name of Todor Aleksandrov.
1295:
Sociétés politiques comparées 25 May 2010; Tchavdar
Marinov, Université de Sofia ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’; New Bulgarian University - Historiographical revisionism and rearticulation of memory in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, p.3, note
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promptly denied through the
Bulgarian press that they have ever signed any agreements, claiming that the May Manifesto was a communist forgery. Shortly after, Alexandrov was assassinated in unclear circumstances, when a member in his
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and destabilize the Balkan monarchies. Alexandrov defended IMRO's independence and refused to concede on practically all points requested by the
Communists. No agreement was reached besides a paper "Manifesto" (the so-called
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An excerpt of a letter by
Aleksandrov from 1919, where he emphasised that the autonomy of Macedonia was understood only as a stage in the organization's struggle for the unification of the Bulgarian people. He also accused
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where he restored the revolutionary organization and attracted the world's attention to the unsolved
Macedonian question. At the end of 1922, there was a bounty of 250,000 dinars placed on him by the Serbian authorities in
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of 6 May 1924), in which the objectives of the unified
Macedonian liberation movement were presented: independence and unification of partitioned Macedonia, fighting all the neighbouring Balkan monarchies, forming a
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Failing to secure Alexandrov's cooperation, the Comintern decided to discredit him and published the contents of the Manifesto on 28 July 1924 in the "Balkan Federation" newspaper. Todor Aleksandrov and
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decided to rename the names of many local sites. Thus, the bridge named after Alexandrov and the street named after the organization he led - IMRO, were renamed. The former Skopje Mayor from VMRO-DPMNE
1055:
Spyros Sfetas, The Birth of ‘Macedonianism’ in the Interwar Period p. 287. in the History of Macedonia, ed. Ioannis Koliopoulos, Museum of the Macedonian struggle, Thessaloniki, 2010; pp. 286-303.
758:. As a consequence, an outcry among older residents erupted almost immediately when they noted the anonymous rider’s similarity to the historical figure. Earlier the same month the opposition
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traversed the Skopje region and organized the revolutionary activities. In early 1911, Aleksandrov became a member of the Central Committee of the IMARO. In 1912, he became a vojvoda in the
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In 1913, he was at the headquarters of the Third Brigade of the Macedonian Militia in the Bulgarian army. After 1913 he organized the IMARO resistance against other nationalities, such as
1198:"Тодор Александров от Ново село, Щип, Вардарска Македония - "Писмо до Владимир Карамфилов от 6 юли 1919 г.", публикувано в "Сè за Македонија: Документи: 1919-1924", Скопје, 2005 година"
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Marina Cattaruzza, Stefan Dyroff, Dieter Langewiesche as ed., Territorial Revisionism and the Allies of Germany in the Second World War: Goals, Expectations, Berghahn Books, 2012,
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506:(band) of Mishe Razvigorov where he became its secretary. Aleksandrov attended the First Congress of the Skopje Revolutionary Region as a delegate from the Štip district.
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about collaboration between the communists and the creation of a united Macedonian movement. The idea for a new unified organization was supported by the
470:(present-day suburb of Štip, North Macedonia) to Aleksandar Poporushev and Marija Aleksandrova. In 1898, he finished the Bulgarian Pedagogical School in
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dated December 6, 1918, claiming Alexandrov was restoring the IMRO detachments in Macedonia, aiming "to maintain the Bulgarian spirit in the locals."
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at once. In November 1907, Aleksandrov was elected as a district vojvoda (commander) by the Third Congress of the Skopje Revolutionary District.
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In 1903, Aleksandrov distinguished himself as an extraordinary leader and organizer of the Kočani Revolutionary District. He was arrested by the
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Mountains. He had a wife called Vangelia and two children (Alexander and Maria; a strong proponent of her father's ideals and IMRO's charter).
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Wojciech Roszkowski, Jan Kofman (2016) Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century. Taylor & Francis,
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districts where he carried out a number of sabotages against Ottoman targets, facilitating this way the Bulgarian cause in the
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of agitating for an autonomous Macedonia as a distinct political entity with a separate Macedonian people and its own history.
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On 2 August 1909, the Ottomans made another attempt to arrest him but failed again. In the spring of 1910, he and his
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Paul Reef, Macedonian Monument Culture Beyond ‘Skopje 2014’. From the journal Comparative Southeast European Studies
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in 1906, but after learning about the death of Mishe Razvigorov, he abandoned his work as a teacher and returned to
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Robert Gerwarth, John Horne, War in Peace. Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the Great War. (2013) OUP Oxford,
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reacted that his successor Petre Šilegov has deleted part from the Macedonian history at the request of Bulgaria.
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1433:Советот на град Скопје ја усвои одлуката за промена на имињата на улиците, опозицијата најавува судска разврска.
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Dmitar Tasić (2020) Paramilitarism in the Balkans Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania, 1917-1924, OUP Oxford,
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renegades of the Macedonian revolutionary and liberation movement". After the independence of present-day
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Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question
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to call upon the Macedonian government to review the history of Alexandrov's deeds on his meeting with
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898:"Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) | History, Leaders, & Facts | Britannica"
1460:"Тодор Александров доби споменик во родното штипско Ново Село, на 100 годишнината од неговата смрт"
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but he succeeded in escaping nine days later. In the spring of 1920, Aleksandrov went with a
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Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009,
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After Ethnic Conflict: Policy-making in Post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia
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Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies
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does not suggest any doubt about the Bulgarian ethnic identity of the Macedonian Slavs.
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In North Macedonia, Aleksandrov, who was previously dismissed by the post-WWII Yugoslav
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In June 2012, a new statue called “Macedonian Equestrian Revolutionary” was erected in
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1222:"ИСТИНАТА ЗА АВТОНОМИЯТА НА МАКЕДОНИЯ ВЪВ ВИЖДАНИЯТА НА ВМОРО И НА ТОДОР АЛЕКСАНДРОВ"
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J. Pettifer as ed., The New Macedonian Question, St Antony's Series, Springer, 1999,
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Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900–1996
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IMRO and Alexandrov himself aimed at an autonomous Macedonia, with its capital at
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Bulgarian certificate of adulthood (baccalaureate) of Todor Aleksandrov (1898).
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1445:Коце Трајановски: Шилегов го брише Тодор Александров на барање на Бугарија.
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His deteriorating health led him to become a teacher in Bulgaria — the
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and national traitor, was added to the country's historical heritage as an
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as a second Bulgarian state on the Balkans. Alexandrov was a member of the
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raised a monument of the revolutionary on 2 February 2008 in the city of
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1361:"News.bg — Македония и България са с обща история, обяви Първанов"
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1339:"News.bg — ВМРО откри паметник на Тодор Александров в Македония"
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1412:Утрински вестик, „Војводата на коњ“ и официјално Тодор Александров.
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Crown of Thorns: The Reign of King Boris III of Bulgaria, 1918–1943
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In March 2021, the new Skopje municipal council majority by the
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in the Yugoslav era regarded Aleksandrov as part of a group of "
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The Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory
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The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics
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450:. Though, this has caused political and public controversies.
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A portrait of Aleksandrov with an autograph and dedication to
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Members of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
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and became a Bulgarian teacher consecutively in the towns of
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A monument of Aleksandrov was erected in his birthplace of
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officer, politician and teacher. He favored initially the
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Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organisation
1381:Нова статуа ги разбуди старите расправии во Македонија.
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by Victor Roudometof, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002;
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Hero or villain? "New Skopje statue sparks controversy"
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as Bulgarian Army officers during the First World War.
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by Stephane Groueff, Rowman & Littlefield, 1998,
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Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Bulgaria)
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1565:Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki alumni
1249:. Springer International Publishing. p. 301.
431:(IMARO) and later of the Central Committee of the
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1477:An internet site, dedicated to Todor Aleksandrov
1550:Bulgarian military personnel of the Balkan Wars
946:Rumen Daskalov; Tchavdar Marinov, eds. (2013).
1560:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
925:. Cornell University Press. pp. 321–322.
433:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation
1570:Prisoners and detainees of the Ottoman Empire
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861:Bust of Todor Aleksandrov in Sofia, Bulgaria.
1245:Boeckh, Katrin; Rutar, Sabine, eds. (2017).
1555:Bulgarian military personnel of World War I
1487:Newspaper clippings about Todor Aleksandrov
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607:In 1924 IMRO entered negotiations with the
488:Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki
367:Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki
1314:"Nameless Statue Causes Stir in Macedonia"
1138:"Nameless Statue Causes Stir in Macedonia"
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703:Telegram from the Serbian Prime Minister
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289:Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1600:People assassinated in the 20th century
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423:, but later switched to the idea of an
411:(4 March 1881 – 31 August 1924), was a
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1327:https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2018-0037
364:Bulgarian Pedagogical School of Skopje
1113:(by Chris Kostov), Peter Lang, 2010;
1482:A site dedicated to Todor Alexandrov
1274:. Taylor & Francis. p. 67.
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796:, is named after Todor Aleksandrov.
768:Social Democratic Union of Macedonia
521:Todor Aleksandrov in uniform of the
407:: Тодор Александров), also spelt as
55:adding citations to reliable sources
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576:. He supported the Bulgarian Army.
421:annexation of Macedonia to Bulgaria
129:Bulgarian revolutionary (1881–1924)
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1575:Bulgarian people imprisoned abroad
1545:Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire
1316:, BalkanInsight.com, 28 June 2012.
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1363:. news.ibox.bg. 5 March 2008
1341:. news.ibox.bg. 2 March 2008
950:. Brill. pp. 308, 485.
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1491:20th Century Press Archives
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627:Balkan Communist Federation
198:Todor Alexandrov Poporushev
189:Тодор Александров Попорушев
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845:Monument of Alexandrov in
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1435:„Мета.мк“, 31 март 2021.
1177:Инфомах, March 25, 2021.
662:, Bulgaria during 1920s.
458:Aleksandrov was born in
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1301:15 October 2011 at the
731:A local association of
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1270:Cvete Koneska (2016).
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338:Ohrid–Debar uprising
51:improve this article
1383:BIRN, July 13, 2012
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302:Macedonian Struggle
262:Kingdom of Bulgaria
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66:"Todor Aleksandrov"
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40:This article
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295:Battles/wars
206:4 March 1881
149:
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49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1515:1924 deaths
1510:1881 births
833:, Bulgaria.
817:, Bulgaria.
790:Graham Land
677:Hadzhidimov
527:Balkan Wars
409:Alexandroff
343:World War I
321:Balkan Wars
185:Native name
146:family name
142:Aleksandrov
1504:Categories
1231:2022-09-19
1207:2022-09-19
1160:0810862956
1119:3034301960
1096:1568331142
1073:0275976483
1044:085745739X
1027:0230535798
907:2024-09-09
815:Kyustendil
794:Antarctica
733:Bulgarians
673:Gerdzhikov
660:Kyustendil
595:(band) to
405:Macedonian
360:Alma mater
239:Allegiance
195:Birth name
150:Poporushov
138:patronymic
77:newspapers
1046:, p. 166.
1012:, p. 150.
995:, p. 165.
978:, p. 883.
800:Memorials
749:Sandanski
609:Comintern
555:Macedonia
547:Black Sea
460:Novo Selo
401:Bulgarian
373:Spouse(s)
209:Novo Selo
1415:Archived
1367:16 March
1345:16 March
1299:Archived
867:See also
689:Salonika
602:Belgrade
549:town of
435:(IMRO).
381:Children
268:Service/
229:Sugarevo
132:In this
1493:of the
1489:in the
1164:p. 140.
1123:pg. 78.
1100:p. 118.
1077:pg. 99.
1029:, p 68.
617:Balkans
495:Ottoman
480:Kratovo
304: (
177:Yavorov
159:Voivode
91:scholar
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831:Burgas
756:Skopje
712:Legacy
681:Petrov
585:Greeks
566:Kilkis
551:Burgas
499:Skopje
484:Vinica
476:Kočani
472:Skopje
466:, the
270:branch
259:
136:, the
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847:Veles
737:Veles
644:Pirin
640:cheta
593:cheta
581:Serbs
562:cheta
504:cheta
98:JSTOR
84:books
1369:2008
1347:2008
1276:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1156:ISBN
1115:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1023:ISBN
1006:ISBN
989:ISBN
972:ISBN
952:ISBN
927:ISBN
716:The
679:and
583:and
568:and
454:Life
285:Unit
250:IMRO
223:Died
203:Born
70:news
1495:ZBW
1296:#5.
788:on
307:POW
148:is
140:is
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