648:' and 'the Manifesto Club' run by the journalist Josie Appleton. Criticisms or concerns commonly raised regarding the structure of the Independent Safeguarding Authority included: a person can be barred without a hearing, there is no minimum standard of evidence, there is no legal support available to those who are 'minded to bar', right of appeal is limited, there is only a single sanction of barring for 10 years (for anyone aged over 25) and the refusal of the Independent Safeguarding Authority to use the word 'sanction' to describe the barring process. These formed the basis of the RCN's cases. These organizations continued to question the basis upon which the Independent Safeguarding Authority was created, asking whether a bureaucratic solution to child protection issues is realistic or sensible. The ISA was accused by its most vociferous critics in broadsheets such as
132:, to be registered. This register – perhaps supported by a card or licence – would confirm that there is no known reason why an individual should not work with these client groups. The new register would be administered by a central body, which would take the decision, subject to published criteria, to approve or refuse registration on the basis of all the information made available to them by the police and other agencies. The responsibility for judging the relevance of police intelligence in deciding a person’s suitability would lie with the central body"
326:. It largely retains these functions but from 2012 will be entirely merged with the CRB. Once operational the Vetting and Barring Scheme as originally designed would have required all those engaged in regulated or controlled activity to register and have their registration status checked. It would not have been possible to 'opt-out' of the Scheme and there would have been criminal offences for non-compliance on both the employer and employee. These now only apply in the case where a barred individual seeks or attains work.
409:
automatic inclusion on the ISA Barred Lists; before a barring decision is made, the individual is given the information on which the decision is based and the opportunity to explain their case. However, there is no hearing process. This has caused some controversy see below. Case workers will be allowed to "undertake appropriate research" on "internet chatrooms or social networking websites", although the published guidance on the ISA's
Decision Making Process and the
330:
would have been required to register would have been approximately 11.3 million people (or a quarter of the adult population). This was criticised in the press in 2009 as a proposal to create the most intrusive database ever created in a democracy. As described later these initial proposals were then withdrawn after this press hostility, led to the government creation of the
Singleton Review (2009) and a subsequent review led by Eileen Munro (2010).
608:(the union for non-teaching staff in schools). Even as a small sample of responses from different unions and associations, there are significant differences within the opinions expressed and positions adopted, with the RCN and specific branches of the NASUWT seemingly taking the strongest oppositional stance. This perhaps indicates quite how complex the child protection debate in the UK currently is.
525:
check registration status online to subscribe to be notified if an employee's registration status changes. Both the ability and requirement to register were withdrawn in 2011 following the
Singleton and Munro Reviews. The lists are still maintained and it remains an offence to employ a person in regulated activity who has been barred by the ISA or for that person to seek work.
547:
the literary charity
English PEN, said: "The signal to children that the public space is to be defined as a potentially dangerous space – where the values of the worlds where the visitors work, whether it's in writing or engineering or family, are secondary to the definition of the adult as "vetted" or "safe" – is limiting and fearful. We are creating paranoia."
397:). They also receive cases directly from employers. Employer referrals constitute the largest number of cases considered for discretionary barring. They do not receive cases directly from individuals. Where cases are not clear, decisions are escalated within the ISA with final decisions being made by the board, which is chaired by former Chief Executive for
113:, the new scheme will not require registration, nor in most cases will any details be retained on a database. The exception will be for those who are barred, whether this be on the basis of a crime or on the basis of 'soft intelligence', e.g. a dismissal by an employer. This has led to continued criticism from a variety of organizations.
564:, Chief Adviser on the Safety of Children and the Chair of the ISA, produced his 'Drawing the Line' report, to check that the Government had drawn the line in the right place in relation to the requirement to register. In December 2009 the Government accepted all of the recommendations found in 'Drawing the Line'.
652:
of being 'unethical' and 'Orwellian'. Both the RCN and these campaigning groups ask whether it creates further problems by creating a 'climate of fear' amongst professionals, while simultaneously creating 'an illusion of security'. amongst the public in general. To this end they have pointed out that
624:
These changes to some extent brought an end to the more virulent press criticisms of the ISA. However, they also led to some deeper questioning of the thinking behind the original creation of the ISA. Specific accusations have been that the government had overseen so many changes and reviews, showing
580:
Individuals who go into different schools or similar settings to work with different groups of children, should not be required to register unless their contact with the same children is frequent or intensive. (This clarification means that the concerns of the authors raised above were to some extent
559:
The critical media coverage when the scheme was launched in 2009 led to confusion over the registration requirements. The
Singleton Review was set up due to concerns which had been expressed about the degree of contact with children which should trigger the requirement to register with the (ISA). Sir
546:
said: "I refuse – having spoken in schools without incident for 32 years, I refuse to undergo such a demeaning process. It's all part of a very unhealthy situation that we've got ourselves into where all people who are close to children are seen as potential paedophiles." Lindsay Mackie, representing
524:
The original intention had been that from 26 July 2010, all new entrants to roles working with vulnerable groups and those switching jobs to a new provider within these sectors would be able to register with the
Vetting and Barring Scheme and be assessed by the ISA. Employers would have been able to
345:
The definition of volunteer remains that used by the CRB: "a volunteer is a person who is engaged in any activity which involves spending time, unpaid (except for travelling and other approved out-of-pocket expenses), doing something which aims to benefit someone (individuals or groups) other than or
92:
announced that plans under which all new applicants for jobs working with children and the vulnerable along with those changing posts would have to register with the
Independent Safeguarding Authority were being halted and that the Vetting and Barring Scheme would be severely "scaled back". This will
591:
The DCSF has published a
Vetting and barring myth buster to further clarify the requirements of the scheme. However, this fact-sheet has been challenged as being rather simplistic and one-sided by several of the unions and professional associations that represent those most effected by the ISA. From
537:
called the scheme "outrageous, demeaning and insulting" and said he would no longer appear in schools because of it: "When you go into a school as an author or an illustrator you talk to a class at a time or else to the whole school. How on earth – how on earth – how in the world is anybody going to
445:
as required in criminal trials. Case assessment within which risk factors such as obsession with sex or violence, "presence of severe emotional loneliness and/or the inability to manage/sustain emotionally intimate relationships with age-appropriate adults", "links with anti-social peers", "presence
329:
Those successful in the original application process would have been provided with a unique reference number and employers would have had to verify potential employee's membership before allowing them to commence their duties; via a free online check. Estimates at the time stated that the number who
262:
Although it is a serious criminal offence to engage in regulated activity while barred from doing so, not all individuals who engage in regulated activity are required to register with the ISA. A prominent example are those involved in "domestic employment". Individuals are not required to register
221:
In addition, there are a number of defined "office holders" position, where a prescribed post-holder is deemed as engaging in regulated activity irrespective of their actual contact with vulnerable groups. This list includes such people as a Local
Authority Director of Children's Services, trustees
657:
in
Plymouth – 2010 were not and could not have been prevented by any form of database as in these cases and others like them the offender had no previous criminal or disciplinary record. This debate seems likely to continue especially as neither the pro or anti viewpoint regarding the expansion of
615:
of the Department of Social Policy, the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). Following this Munro review in 2011 the requirement to register was withdrawn entirely. It was also announced that the ISA would be merged with the CRB from 2012. The ISA's role is now to maintain lists
408:
The ISA are able to consider information other than that which has led to cautions or convictions. These can include unproven allegations from former employers, professional bodies, members of the public or stories in the press. However referral information, such as allegations, does not lead to
174:
on 8 November 2006. Within the act the ISA is referred to as the Independent Barring Board; it had been known as the ISA since August 2007, but was only formally renamed following royal assent for the Policing and Crime Bill in 2009. The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act only covers England and
205:
Regulated activity is the primary area of work covered by the Act and broadly deals with all those who have direct contact with vulnerable groups. Specifically, regulated activity covers any activity which involves contact with children or vulnerable adults and is of a specified nature (e.g.
1488:
337:
for whom it would have been free of charge. These fees were also withdrawn when the requirement to register was abandoned in 2010. At this point the ISA barred list was reshaped to be simply a list of those barred, accessible to employers and certain others, more akin to its predecessor
499:
and was extended to Northern Ireland from 13 March 2009. On 20 February 2009 detailed guidance on the ISA's decision-making process was published. From 12 October 2009, increased safeguards came into effect with around five million more jobs and voluntary positions – including most
512:
The introduction of 'regulated activities' – people included in the new barred lists by the ISA are barred from a much wider range of jobs and activities than has been the case under previous arrangements. This is particularly so in areas of work with vulnerable adults such as the
97:
would from here on focus upon "common sense" rather than the measures Labour introduced. She said that "what we have got to do is actually trust people again you were assumed to be guilty, in a sense, until you were proven innocent and told you were able to work with children."
508:
Two barring lists administered by a single organisation, the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA), rather than the three lists previously maintained by two different Government departments: Protection of Children Act (POCA), Protection of Vulnerable Adults (PoVA) and List
349:
Other aspects of the original design have been retained since the Singleton Review. The ISA owns and maintains two lists (one covering the children's sector and one to cover the adults') of those barred from working with vulnerable groups, which replaced previous barred lists
592:
2009 onwards these organizations produced a large amount of documentation in the form of statements, conference resolutions and advice either clarifying or challenging the ISA's own publications. Some of these are referenced here, including some of those written by: the
462:
The ISA barred lists performed a separate, albeit related, role to that of a CRB disclosure as the ISA decision-making process considered information relating to the potential risk an individual poses to vulnerable groups using sources that go beyond that held by the
516:
A new duty to share information – employers, social services and professional regulators have to notify the ISA of relevant information so individuals who pose a threat to vulnerable groups can be identified and barred from working with these groups;
1729:
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with the ISA where they are employed by parents to work with their children or where a vulnerable adult arranges for individuals to provide care in their own homes. Examples of domestic employment would include groups such as
550:
Others questioned the usefulness of the scheme, pointing out that it could not have prevented the Soham murders in the first place because the perpetrator, Ian Huntley, knew the victims through his girlfriend, not his job.
449:
Appeal against inclusion is by means of the Administrative Court (Judicial Review). A recent case demonstrates that that Court is minded to de-register an individual when the bar is not lawful or disproportionate:
2264:
584:
Exchange visits lasting less than 28 days, where overseas parents accept the responsibility for the selection of the host family, should be regarded as private arrangements and would not require registration.
1425:
366:
or following a discretionary bar, typically following dismissal, or resignation where dismissal was possible, following an act of gross misconduct at work, although there are other potential reasons.
314:
It is mandatory to check the ISA registration status of individuals in controlled activity; although it is possible to employ a barred person, providing sufficient safeguards have been put in place.
1402:
358:
1999 (PoCA), the scheme relating to the Protection of Vulnerable Adults (PoVA) and Disqualification Orders). Inclusion on these barred lists is as a result of either an automatic bar (following a
574:
Intensive is defined as contact that takes place on four days in one month or more with the same children or overnight. (Previously this was defined as three times in every 30 days or overnight)
147:
with these client groups". This to say the ISA from its inception was not designed to clear individuals as "suitable" for work with vulnerable groups but to remove those who pose a known risk.
1100:
495:
on barring decisions taken by ministers under current schemes. From 20 January 2009, barring decisions in England and Wales began to be taken by the ISA, taking responsibility from the
430:
conduct involving sexually explicit images depicting violence against human beings (including possession of such images), if it appears to the ISA that the conduct is inappropriate; or
206:
teaching, training, care, supervision, advice, treatment or transport); or any activity allowing contact with children or vulnerable adults and is in a specified place (e.g. school,
587:
Overseas visitors bringing their own groups of children to the UK e.g. to international camps or the Olympics should have a three months exemption from the requirement to register.
1567:
1798:"Joint Union Statement on the Independent Safeguarding Authority | NUT : National Union of Teachers - the largest fully qualified primary and secondary education union"
763:
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under section 59 but broadly the definition covers people by virtue of the care or treatment they are undertaking or specific place they reside rather than by age or disability
19:
322:
The ISA was to have functioned as the decision-making element of the new Vetting and Barring Scheme, with the application process and monitoring functions being run by the
2212:
1930:
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Frequent is defined as contact that takes place once a week or more often with the same children. (This was previously defined as an activity that happened once a month)
667:
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New criminal offences – it is a criminal offence for a barred individual to seek or undertake work with vulnerable groups; and for employers knowingly to take them on.
2207:
577:
Mutually agreed and responsible arrangements made between parents and friends for the care of their children should not be affected by the Vetting and Barring Scheme
644:(RCN). This included successful legal cases brought by the RCN in 2010. Several journalists and campaigning organizations continued to voice criticism, including '
533:
Several prominent children's authors – who believed they would all be required to join the scheme in order to conduct talks in schools – have criticised the ISA.
1693:
1376:
1347:
1311:
794:
279:
Controlled activity is a much more limited area of work and is tightly defined under the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act. Controlled activity applies to:
446:
of impulsive, chaotic, unstable lifestyle" or "using substances or sex to cope with stress" will only be considered in relation to the "relevant conduct".
373:
The ISA base their decisions upon information from a range of sources including, but not limited to, that held by the police (both locally and that on the
159:
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said: "As an author you're never alone with a class. There's no possible reason for this, unless it's a revenue-raising scam." Former children's laureate
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In 2010 the government, partly in response to pressure from those organizations mentioned above, launched a second review of the ISA led by Professor
268:
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under the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006. The ISA came into existence on 2 January 2008 and after 31 March 2008 the ISA began advising
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Proposals to implement the recommendations were put to public consultation on 5 April 2005. The results of this exercise were announced by the
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1906:
1995:
1712:
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1015:
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210:, etc.). For the activity to be regulated activity it must take place on a frequent or intensive basis. Regulated activity also covers
125:
was published on 22 June 2004 and made 31 recommendations, of which recommendation 19 called for a new registration scheme and stated:
983:
616:
that can be accessed by employers and certain other bodies of who is barred from working with either children or vulnerable adults.
454:
This decision reflects similar decisions in family and criminal law regarding risk assessment after conviction for sexual offences.
2259:
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As of March 2009, elements of the Vetting and Barring Scheme had begun to be rolled out in stages, linked to a series of pieces of
414:
410:
194:
188:
167:
1247:
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state that the ISA has to be satisfied that "relevant conduct" has occurred before being able to consider any other factor. The
101:
A review into the Vetting and Barring Scheme was published on 11 February 2011. This made recommendations for the merger of the
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defines two categories of work (whether paid or not) that fall within the scope of the Act: regulated and controlled activity.
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2274:
2229:
1624:
464:
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Those working for specified organisations (e.g. a local authority) with frequent access to sensitive records about children.
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conduct which, if repeated against or in relation to a child, would endanger that child or would be likely to endanger him;
390:
271:
scheme. The policy on this was confirmed in the Government's Response to the ISA scheme Consultation Document in May 2008.
1605:
1119:
1644:
496:
155:
864:
825:
1477:
Will I still need to get a Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) Enhanced Disclosure or can I rely on the new vetting service?
93:
save the UK taxpayer around £100 million a year. The Home Secretary went on to say that the protection of children and
1528:"New Vetting & Barring Scheme: Confirmation of ISA decision-making from 20 January 2009 and address for referrals"
1527:
1501:
1690:
1426:"Independent Safeguarding Authority: Christian teachers or charity workers could be targets of malicious allegations"
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1345:
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2279:
1674:
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The duties and responsibilities under regulated activity where an organisation is providing the activity are that:
1797:
791:
50:
1267:
The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (Prescribed Criteria and Miscellaneous Provisions) Regulations 2009
654:
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43:
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a lack of support for the organization, as the ISA had initially been created as a knee jerk reaction to the
1148:
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35:
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such systems has been claimed by any political party or conventional political standpoint right or left.
438:
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conduct of a sexual nature involving a child, if it appears to the ISA that the conduct is inappropriate.
378:
2284:
597:
355:
247:
An employer must not engage in regulated activity a barred person or a person who is not ISA-registered
110:
475:). ISA-registration does not replace CRB disclosures. From 2012 the ISA and CRB were merged into the
218:). A "child" is defined as anyone under 18, except in employment settings, where the age limit is 16.
1848:
1363:
38:
for England, Northern Ireland and Wales, that existed until 1 December 2012, when it merged with the
2220:
841:
441:
to whether an event occurred is "on a balance of probability", as used in civil trials, rather than
1565:
Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA): next step in transition to new Vetting and Barring Scheme
641:
593:
467:; whereas a CRB disclosure may contain details of offences that may not lead to a bar (for example
374:
501:
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323:
284:
250:
An employer must check that a prospective employee who is in regulated activity is ISA-registered
102:
39:
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1198:
931:
Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006: Independent Safeguarding Authority Scheme Consultation
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conduct involving sexual material relating to children (including possession of such material);
1709:
1452:
53:. The tabloid media campaign and the decision to set up the ISA followed an inquiry headed by
492:
488:
367:
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Wales but comparable legislation has been passed to cover Northern Ireland and Scotland. The
77:, which was to have required all those working with vulnerable groups to undergo an enhanced
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rape or assault a child in those circumstances? It's preposterous." Author and screenwriter
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1173:
1052:
1029:
952:
810:
539:
1135:
128:"New arrangements should be introduced requiring those who wish to work with children, or
8:
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New independent authority will help to check children and vulnerable adults in N. Ireland
1395:"Independent Safeguarding Authority could bar 'lonely' people from working with children"
1104:
990:
163:
2161:"This parody of the nanny state helps neither children nor adults – Timothy Garton Ash"
637:
as a 'scare story' to scare the British public into accepting such intrusive database.
296:
109:, responsible for barring individuals and completing criminal record checks. Under the
1278:
1043:, Formal Government Response to the ISA scheme Consultation Document 30 May 2008 p. 52
881:
1774:
1489:
List of statutory instruments relating to the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
1279:
The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (Prescribed Information) Regulations 2008
1009:
288:
1730:"Local Government Lawyer - DCSF issues 'myth buster' advice on vetting and barring"
1327:
672:
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129:
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74:
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remains one of the most vociferous critics accusing the government of using the
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1531:
1505:
1476:
1116:
1088:
1076:
1064:
630:
534:
359:
122:
85:
736:"Vetting & Barring Scheme Remodelling Review – Report and Recommendations"
2253:
1290:
868:
852:
822:
640:
The most visible opposition to the ISA came from the large nurses union, the
634:
626:
468:
398:
58:
649:
504:
jobs – covered by the barring arrangements. The additional safeguards are:
334:
304:
171:
1691:‘Drawing the Line’ A report on the Government’s Vetting and Barring Scheme
653:
recent cases of paedophile offences in schools such as those committed by
600:(NUT), The National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers (
739:
333:
The cost of registration was originally set at £64 per person except for
89:
1823:
1583:
452:
SB v Independent Safeguarding Authority UKUT 404 (AAC) (4 October 2011)
307:) with frequent or intensive contact with children or vulnerable adults.
2265:
Defunct non-departmental public bodies of the United Kingdom government
2235:
The Manifesto Club chaired by Daily Telegraph Journalist Josie Appleton
1801:
780:
Making Safeguarding Everybody's Business: A Post-Bichard Vetting Scheme
472:
363:
151:
1873:
1383:, Guidance Notes for the Barring Decision Making Process Section 4.9.6
543:
211:
207:
1318:, Guidance Notes for the Barring Decision Making Process Section 4.4
244:
To undertake regulated activity an individual must be ISA-registered
973:
four days in one month or more with the same children; or overnight
300:
215:
882:"The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups (Northern Ireland) Order 2007"
1969:
1849:"Education services - UNISON in your workplace - UNISON National"
1336:, The Independent Safeguarding Authority’s Barred Lists Factsheet
1077:
Will people be able to opt out of the Vetting and Barring Scheme?
645:
421:
conduct which endangers a child or is likely to endanger a child;
339:
292:
267:
when employed directly by parents or individuals involved in the
78:
66:
18:
2234:
2110:
471:) but which may be pertinent to a given role (such as driving a
81:
procedure before being allowed to commence any relevant duties.
2085:
1931:"We would be better off without the vetting and barring scheme"
605:
601:
394:
2244:
2057:
1663:
Authors in revolt against plans to vet them for school visits
318:
Vetting and Barring Scheme, the original structure and design
264:
70:
2136:"Royal College of Nursing - The voice of nursing in the UK"
2014:"Royal College of Nursing - The voice of nursing in the UK"
2239:
2217:
2013:
241:
A barred individual must not undertake regulated activity
182:
2135:
1948:
1665:. 10 July 2009. The Guardian. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
1647:. 17 July 2009. The Guardian. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
1354:, Guidance Notes for the Barring Decision Making Process
567:
The report included clarification in a number of areas:
229:
No distinction is made between paid and voluntary work.
668:
Timeline of young people's rights in the United Kingdom
2230:
Welsh Assembly Government Vetting and Barring webpage
1874:"Child abuse vetting scheme cancelled as 'draconian'"
1553:
Written Ministerial Statement from Rt Hon Ed Balls MP
1291:
Who are our Chair, Chief Executive and Board members?
907:"Protection of Vulnerable Groups (Scotland) Act 2007"
2179:"Court rules automatic barring of nurses 'unlawful'"
2080:
2078:
1065:
CRB to administer the new Vetting and Barring Scheme
2058:"Civitas: Institute for the Study of Civil Society"
1101:
A quarter of adults to face 'anti-paedophile' tests
257:
179:, as it was then known held further consultations.
1924:
1922:
1920:
1889:"Anti-paedophile vetting scheme to be scaled back"
554:
457:
2075:
2040:"Barred nurses take job losses to European court"
1117:Cost for applying to register with the ISA Scheme
253:Personal and family relationships are not covered
135:Of note in this recommendation is the use of the
2251:
1996:"Authors welcome halting of paedophile database"
964:once a week or more often with the same children
232:
105:and Independent Safeguarding Authority into one
1917:
1622:Vetting & Barring Scheme delivery announced
700:"The Disclosure and Barring Service is created"
1555:, Secretary of State for DCSF, 20 January 2009
1224:"Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000"
1136:What is the CRB’s definition of a "Volunteer"?
162:, on 19 January 2006 and were translated into
22:Logo of the Independent Safeguarding Authority
177:Department for Children, Schools and Families
792:SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN – REVISED ARRANGEMENTS
2240:Royal College of Nurses, 'the Nurses Union'
942:defined in the act as under 18 years of age
1453:"Malicious gossip could cost you your job"
1886:
1710:Government’s response to Drawing the Line
1639:
1637:
1365:, Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
370:). These decisions are taken by the ISA.
1928:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1423:
1392:
694:
692:
690:
688:
385:, regulatory organisations (such as the
17:
1907:"Leading article: Database of distrust"
1053:Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
1030:Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
811:Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
619:
415:Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
411:Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
393:) and supervisory authorities (such as
195:Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
189:Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
168:Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
2252:
1929:Johnston, Philip (27 September 2010).
1634:
1424:Beckford, Martin (12 September 2009).
1089:How will the new vetting service work?
1014:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
274:
183:The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act
143:known reason why an individual should
1993:
1675:Why child protection has gone too far
1650:
1393:Beckford, Martin (8 September 2009).
685:
200:
2037:
1603:ISA decision making process guidance
1032:Schedule 4, paragraphs 4(1) and 8(1)
716:. BBC News online. 11 September 2009
528:
391:General Teaching Council for England
1450:
714:"Checks on children's club drivers"
346:in addition to close relatives" -.
160:Department for Education and Skills
57:that was set up in the wake of the
13:
1887:Whitehead, Tom (5 February 2011).
953:Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act
28:Independent Safeguarding Authority
14:
2296:
2201:
1174:"Protection of Children Act 1999"
482:
193:Along with creating the ISA, the
258:Exemptions from ISA registration
2260:Databases in the United Kingdom
2171:
2153:
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976:
967:
958:
945:
936:
924:
899:
874:
865:Police and Crime Bill Clause 62
858:
842:Policing and Crime Bill 2008-09
555:The Singleton and Munro reviews
458:Comparison with CRB disclosures
61:. The ISA was to oversee a new
2038:Laja, Sade (1 February 2011).
835:
816:
804:
785:
773:
754:
728:
706:
477:Disclosure and Barring Service
44:Disclosure and Barring Service
1:
1994:Green, Chris (16 June 2010).
1574:, Every Child Matters website
1257:, Every Child Matters website
678:
417:defines relevant conduct as:
283:Ancillary support workers in
233:What regulated activity means
116:
2275:Home Office (United Kingdom)
1451:Fae, Jane (17 August 2008).
801:, Ruth Kelly 19 January 2006
761:The Bichard Report pp. 15–16
222:of children's charities and
107:non-departmental public body
36:non-departmental public body
7:
2167:. London. 17 December 2009.
1734:localgovernmentlawyer.co.uk
661:
439:philosophic burden of proof
51:Labour Government 2007–2010
49:The ISA was created by the
10:
2301:
1248:Vetting and Barring Scheme
1028:Full list is found in the
598:National Union of Teachers
356:Protection of Children Act
186:
111:Protection of Freedoms Act
63:Vetting and Barring Scheme
1876:. BBC News. 15 June 2010.
1782:Cite uses generic title (
1645:Vetting's message of fear
1199:"Care Standards Act 2000"
832:, CRB website August 2007
443:"beyond reasonable doubt"
1696:29 December 2009 at the
1401:. London. Archived from
1296:10 February 2009 at the
766:25 December 2008 at the
642:Royal College of Nursing
594:Royal College of Nursing
375:Police National Computer
86:new coalition government
2280:Law of Northern Ireland
2223:25 October 2009 at the
2218:Criminal Records Bureau
1913:. London. 16 June 2010.
847:8 December 2010 at the
502:National Health Service
387:General Medical Council
324:Criminal Records Bureau
285:National Health Service
214:and childcare (but not
103:Criminal Records Bureau
40:Criminal Records Bureau
1715:8 October 2010 at the
1593:, eGov monitor website
1379:25 August 2009 at the
1350:25 August 2009 at the
1332:25 August 2009 at the
1314:25 August 2009 at the
23:
1627:15 April 2009 at the
1570:19 March 2009 at the
1502:"ISA Decision Making"
828:17 March 2009 at the
797:19 March 2009 at the
770:, Home Office website
489:secondary legislation
368:secondary legislation
84:On 15 June 2010, the
21:
1970:"The Manifesto Club"
1804:on 28 September 2011
1608:26 July 2011 at the
1589:16 July 2011 at the
1405:on 14 September 2009
1253:6 March 2009 at the
1149:"Education Act 2002"
1122:26 July 2011 at the
620:Criticisms 2009-2012
540:Frank Cottrell Boyce
2213:Every Child Matters
1974:manifestoclub.co.uk
1935:The Daily Telegraph
1893:The Daily Telegraph
1508:on 10 February 2009
1430:The Daily Telegraph
1399:The Daily Telegraph
1105:The Daily Telegraph
1055:Section 21 & 22
275:Controlled activity
164:primary legislation
55:Sir Michael Bichard
2185:. 10 November 2010
1534:on 7 February 2009
497:Secretary of State
201:Regulated activity
156:Secretary of State
42:(CRB) to form the
24:
2285:Vulnerable adults
2115:manifestoclub.com
2090:manifestoclub.com
1828:manifestoclub.com
1679:Prospect Magazine
1643:Mackie, Lindsay.
1457:theregister.co.uk
996:on 25 August 2009
529:Initial criticism
379:local authorities
289:Further Education
170:, which received
152:Rt Hon Ruth Kelly
130:vulnerable adults
95:vulnerable adults
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2183:nursingtimes.net
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1824:"Manifesto Club"
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1809:
1800:. Archived from
1794:
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1756:"Page Not Found"
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596:(nurses union);
224:school governors
75:Northern Ireland
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1992:
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759:
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742:. February 2011
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562:Roger Singleton
557:
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403:Roger Singleton
383:social services
320:
291:settings (e.g.
277:
269:direct payments
260:
235:
208:Children's home
203:
191:
185:
137:double-negative
119:
88:Home Secretary
12:
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2208:Bichard Report
2203:
2202:External links
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2074:
2062:civitas.org.uk
2049:
2030:
2005:
1986:
1961:
1940:
1916:
1898:
1879:
1865:
1840:
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1719:, DCSF website
1702:
1700:, DCSF website
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1667:
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1281:, OPSI website
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1107:, 26 June 2008
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784:
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631:Philip Pullman
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2044:The Guardian
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2017:
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1856:. Retrieved
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1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1827:
1818:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:the original
1792:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:
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1738:. Retrieved
1733:
1724:
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1686:
1681:, April 2010
1678:
1670:
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1536:. Retrieved
1532:the original
1522:
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1506:the original
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1403:the original
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1156:. Retrieved
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1000:15 September
998:. Retrieved
991:the original
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889:. Retrieved
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744:. Retrieved
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720:11 September
718:. Retrieved
708:
650:the Guardian
639:
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613:Eileen Munro
610:
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2270:English law
1538:20 February
1512:23 February
1228:opsi.gov.uk
1203:opsi.gov.uk
1178:opsi.gov.uk
1153:opsi.gov.uk
1091:ISA website
911:opsi.gov.uk
886:opsi.gov.uk
746:12 February
740:Home Office
90:Theresa May
2254:Categories
2140:rcn.org.uk
2018:rcn.org.uk
1760:rcn.org.uk
679:References
473:school bus
399:Barnardo's
364:conviction
335:volunteers
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493:ministers
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