906:, and an organization's strategies must be designed to improve information processing capability and as information systems that provide that capability became formalised and automated, competencies were severely tested at many levels. It was recognised that organisations needed to be able to learn and adapt in ways that were never so evident before and academics began to organise and publish definitive works concerning the strategic management of information, and information systems. Concurrently, the ideas of
945:
483:
3340:
268:
1040:
812:
1358:”. This brings together the vertical (hierarchical) view of an organisation and the horizontal (product or project) view of the work that it does visible to the outside world. The creation of a matrix organization is one management response to a persistent fluidity of external demand, avoiding multifarious and spurious responses to episodic demands that tend to be dealt with individually.
990:: Sifting and analysing: in the wider world the generalised ontologies that are under development extend to hundreds of entities and hundreds of relations between them and provide the means to elicit meaning from large volumes of data. Structured data in databases works best when that structure reflects a higher-level information model – an ontology, or an
1036:" was first published on the World Wide Web and set out to show that the required management competencies to derive real benefits from an investment in information are complex and multi-layered. The framework model that is the basis for understanding competencies comprises six “knowledge” areas and four “process” areas:
1196:: The best information systems succeed in delivering benefits through the achievement of change within the business systems, but people do not appreciate change that makes new demands upon their skills in the ways that new information systems often do. Contrary to common expectations, there is some evidence that the
1178:
Even with full capability and competency within the six knowledge areas, it is argued that things can still go wrong. The problem lies in the migration of ideas and information management value from one area of competency to another. Summarising what
Bytheway explains in some detail (and supported by
1292:
that is notoriously difficult to deliver. As a result of a general organisational reluctance to change, to enable new forms of information management, there might be (for example): a shortfall in the requisite resources, a failure to acknowledge new classes of information and the new procedures that
940:
Bytheway has collected and organised basic tools and techniques for information management in a single volume. At the heart of his view of information management is a portfolio model that takes account of the surging interest in external sources of information and the need to organise un-structured
918:
has since been discredited in the information management literature. In the strategic studies field, it is considered of the highest priority the understanding of the information environment, conceived as the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or
888:
associated with information processes can be high. In particular, established organizational rules and procedures can prevent the taking of the most appropriate decision, leading to sub-optimum outcomes. This is an issue that has been presented as a major problem with bureaucratic organizations that
616:
of information activities, all of which is needed in order to meet the needs of those with organisational roles or functions that depend on information. These generic concepts allow the information to be presented to the audience or the correct group of people. After individuals are able to put that
849:
and prominently supported by March and Simon, most of what goes on in modern organizations is actually information handling and decision making. One crucial factor in information handling and decision making is an individual's ability to process information and to make decisions under limitations
1262:
will all have an important role to play in strategic ways, and we must not see one domain of activity alone as the sole source of strategic success. On the other hand, corporate governance, human resource management, product development and marketing are all dependent on effective information
1293:
use them, a lack of support from senior management leading to a loss of strategic vision, and even political manoeuvring that undermines the operation of the whole organisation. However, the implementation of new forms of information management should normally lead to operational benefits.
819:
This is often referred to as the DIKAR model: Data, Information, Knowledge, Action and Result, it gives a strong clue as to the layers involved in aligning technology and organisational strategies, and it can be seen as a pivotal moment in changing attitudes to information management. The
931:
model (see above). He also worked with others to understand how technology and business strategies could be appropriately aligned in order to identify specific capabilities that are needed. This work was paralleled by other writers in the world of consulting, practice, and academia.
883:
In addition to the organisational factors mentioned by March and Simon, there are other issues that stem from economic and environmental dynamics. There is the cost of collecting and evaluating the information needed to take a decision, including the time and effort required. The
693:
moving messages instantly around the world, remarkable ideas at the time. With the proliferation of information technology and the extending reach of information systems in the 1980s and 1990s, information management took on a new form. Progressive businesses such as
1245:
There are always many ways to see a business, and the information management viewpoint is only one way. Other areas of business activity will also contribute to strategy – it is not only good information management that moves a business forwards.
858:
emerges as a phenomenon that business cannot ignore. And yet, well before there was any general recognition of the importance of information management in organisations, March and Simon argued that organizations have to be considered as
762:
In the transitional period leading up to the strategic view of information management, Venkatraman, a strong advocate of this transition and transformation, proffered a simple arrangement of ideas that succinctly brought together the
850:
that might derive from the context: a person's age, the situational complexity, or a lack of requisite quality in the information that is at hand – all of which is exacerbated by the rapid advance of technology and the new kinds of
1138:
there has been huge interest in business performance management but not much serious effort has been made to relate business performance management to the benefits of information technology investments and the introduction of new
919:
act on information. This environment consists of three interrelated dimensions which continuously interact with individuals, organizations, and systems. These dimensions are the physical, informational, and cognitive.
820:
recognition that information management is an investment that must deliver meaningful results is important to all modern organisations that depend on information and good decision-making for their success.
1052:
The IMBOK is based on the argument that there are six areas of required management competency, two of which (“business process management” and “business information management”) are very closely related.
962:: recognise and adopt well-structured external schemes of reference data, such as post codes, weather data, GPS positioning data and travel timetables, exemplified in the personal computing press.
1043:
This framework is the basis of organising the "Information
Management Body of Knowledge" first made available in 2004. This version is adapted by the addition of "Business information" in 2014.
1218:
improved, and with staff finally ready and able to work with new processes, then the business can get to work, even when new systems extend far beyond the boundaries of a single business.
1157:
in most organisations simply has to be informed by information technology and information systems opportunities, whether to address poor performance or to improve differentiation and
1749:
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Army (2012). Information
Operations. Joint Publication 3-13. Joint Doctrine Support Division, 116 Lake View Parkway, Suffolk, VA., p. 18.
3185:
1997:
Saeed, K.A., Malhotra, M.K. & Grover, V., 2005. Examining the Impact of
Interorganizational Systems on Process Efficiency and Sourcing Leverage in Buyer–Supplier Dyads.
742:. In this way, information management was no longer a simple job that could be performed by anyone who had nothing else to do, it became highly strategic and a matter for
514:
644:
of managing information is an operational matter that requires specific procedures, organisational capabilities and standards that deal with information as a
1263:
management, and so in the final analysis our competency to manage information well, on the broad basis that is offered here, can be said to be predominant.
868:
1024:
that is becoming interesting to regular businesses that have very large data resources to work with, but it requires advanced multi-processor resources.
833:
It is commonly believed that good information management is crucial to the smooth working of organisations, and although there is no commonly accepted
719:
2207:
1201:
948:
This portfolio model organizes issues of internal and external sourcing and management of information, that may be either structured or unstructured.
751:
677:, involving a life cycle of such formats requiring origination, distribution, backup, maintenance and disposal. At this time the huge potential of
507:
1186:: Information technology is without value until it is engineered into information systems that meet the needs of the business by means of good
718:”, and the large IT function was transformed into “lean teams” that began to allow some agility in the processes that harness information for
875:, which entails searching through the available alternatives until an acceptability threshold is met - another idea that still has currency.
550:
from one or more sources, the custodianship and the distribution of that information to those who need it, and its ultimate disposal through
238:
585:. Stakeholders might have rights to originate, change, distribute or delete information according to organisational information management
902:
According to the
Carnegie Mellon School an organization's ability to process information is at the core of organizational and managerial
500:
282:
201:
1134:
be achieved, but also to ensure the active management and assessment of benefit delivery. Since the emergence and popularisation of the
863:, with a high level of information processing and a vast need for decision making at various levels. Instead of using the model of the "
277:
871:" as an alternative, based on their argumentation about the cognitive limits of rationality. Additionally they proposed the notion of
1834:
1758:
Henderson, J.C. & Venkatraman, N., 1993. Strategic alignment: leveraging information technology for transforming organizations.
927:
Venkatraman has provided a simple view of the requisite capabilities of an organisation that wants to manage information well – the
1413:
1398:
1393:
1033:
487:
928:
1851:
Stanford knowledge systems laboratory technical report KSL-01-05 and
Stanford medical informatics technical report SMI-2001-0880
1120:
is still seen as a relatively new idea because it is not universally adopted, and it has been difficult in many cases; business
1305:
has identified five tactical areas to increase information processing capacity and reduce the need for information processing.
2448:
2059:
730:, based upon the effective management of information, permitting the implementation of appropriate information systems (or “
2544:
1813:
Ashbrook, D. & Starner, T., 2003. Using GPS to learn significant locations and predict movement across multiple users.
3221:
3322:
322:
2202:
3236:
3226:
2965:
2945:
815:
This simple model summarises a presentation by
Venkatraman in 1996, as reported by Ward and Peppard (2002, page 207).
640:. This broad view of the realm of information management contrasts with the earlier, more traditional view, that the
231:
1090:, over the years it has become possible to acquire most of the software systems that an organisation needs from the
952:
Such an information portfolio as this shows how information can be gathered and usefully organised, in four stages:
3379:
2876:
2809:
1849:
Noy, N.F., McGuinness, D.L. & others, 2001. Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology,
1423:
20:
3364:
1984:
Scholl, H.J., 2005. E-government-induced business process change (BPC): An empirical study of current practices.
539:
475:
259:
191:
1354:
The lateral relations concept leads to an organizational form that is different from the simple hierarchy, the “
3200:
2814:
2243:
1319:
Creation of self-contained tasks with defined boundaries and that can achieve proper closure, and with all the
981:
422:
113:
103:
53:
2619:
2359:
2212:
1736:
Belmiro, T., Gardiner, P. & Simmons, J., 1997. Business process re-engineering—A discredited vocabulary?
1064:
and the pressure to constantly acquire the newest technological products can undermine the stability of the
3374:
2569:
2438:
2233:
1523:
Venkatraman, N., 1994. IT-enabled business transformation: from automation to business scope redefinition.
1470:
Venkatraman, N., 1994. IT-enabled business transformation: from automation to business scope redefinition.
1228:
are no longer solely about financial results, financial success must be balanced with internal efficiency,
903:
334:
224:
3205:
3068:
2702:
1472:
1117:
661:
In the 1970s, the management of information largely concerned matters closer to what would now be called
211:
3195:
2950:
2417:
2339:
1326:
Recognition of lateral relations that cut across functional units, so as to move decision power to the
1130:: What are the benefits that we are seeking? It is necessary not only to be brutally honest about what
1098:
from the implementation of new systems ideas that deliver to the strategic intentions of organisations.
846:
1288:
and a lack of experience with new styles of information management requires a level of organisational
3063:
2955:
2687:
2443:
2052:
1251:
1169:
analysis are directly dependent on proper attention to the information that is (or could be) managed
991:
915:
108:
3317:
3073:
2537:
2175:
1606:
Hedberg, Bo (1981), "How organizations learn and unlearn", in: Nyström, P.C. & Starbuck, W.H.,
746:
attention. An understanding of the technologies involved, an ability to manage information systems
68:
3252:
3098:
3058:
2896:
2760:
2624:
2597:
2587:
2422:
1582:
Zeitschrift fĂĽr die gesamte
Staatswissenschaft/Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics
1276:
Organizations are often confronted with many information management challenges and issues at the
1233:
1166:
1158:
597:
558:
3344:
3287:
3282:
3267:
3103:
3053:
2881:
2707:
2592:
2268:
2068:
1408:
1388:
1017:
678:
318:
176:
151:
98:
1000:: Structuring and archiving: with the large volume of data available from sources such as the
3307:
3272:
3093:
2990:
2891:
2844:
2805:
2697:
2672:
2634:
2629:
2614:
2602:
2564:
2501:
2412:
2403:
2373:
2321:
2259:
1929:
Davenport, T.H. & Short, J., 2003. Information technology and business process redesign.
1309:
Developing, implementing, and monitoring all aspects of the “environment” of an organization.
1281:
1229:
1095:
406:
394:
186:
156:
83:
3369:
3302:
3277:
3262:
3169:
3048:
2980:
2970:
2800:
2692:
2662:
2507:
2382:
2273:
2045:
1438:
1418:
1285:
1247:
1215:
1113:
1091:
911:
768:
731:
338:
296:
181:
73:
31:
754:
well, and a willingness to align technology and business strategies all became necessary.
8:
3164:
2937:
2917:
2733:
2530:
2263:
2124:
1355:
1255:
1153:: Although a long way from the workaday issues of managing information in organisations,
860:
842:
574:
418:
314:
300:
93:
88:
46:
1916:
Belmiro, T.R. et al., 2000. Are BPR practitioners really addressing business processes?
1725:
The knowledge creating company: how
Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation
1658:
Cyert, R.M. & March, J.G., 1959. A behavioural theory of organizational objectives.
1488:
Cross, J. & Earl, M., 1997. Transformation of the IT function at
British Petroleum.
922:
3327:
3113:
3015:
2854:
2819:
2767:
2755:
2738:
2717:
2677:
2464:
2398:
2334:
2330:
2238:
2170:
1433:
1428:
1403:
1378:
1368:
1187:
1140:
1135:
1105:
959:
682:
645:
641:
562:
342:
63:
27:
1673:
The corporation of the 1990s: Information technology and organizational transformation
592:
Information management embraces all the generic concepts of management, including the
3339:
3297:
3231:
3025:
3020:
2985:
2927:
2922:
2901:
2849:
2743:
2682:
2165:
1831:
1289:
1277:
1112:
in order to improve them, and they bring data to the business that becomes useful as
1009:
743:
735:
723:
372:
1647:
Information, Organization and Management: Expanding Markets and Corporate Boundaries
636:
and – where the availability of information is critical to organisational success –
3078:
2836:
2826:
2748:
2609:
2377:
2278:
2145:
2099:
1373:
1338:
1327:
1211:
1109:
1069:
907:
885:
727:
726:
interest in information at BP extended from the creation of value through improved
707:
633:
620:
Information management is closely related to, and overlaps with, the management of
605:
601:
436:
398:
390:
161:
3190:
3131:
3088:
3083:
2995:
2975:
2792:
2712:
2469:
2325:
2287:
2160:
2129:
1838:
1784:
Cross, J., 1995. IT outsourcing : British Petroleum's competitive approach.
1552:
1383:
1301:
In early work, taking an information processing view of organisation design, Jay
764:
703:
690:
662:
582:
464:
452:
448:
414:
326:
35:
1826:
Shirky, C., 2005. Shirky: Ontology is Overrated -- Categories, Links, and Tags.
3292:
2474:
2343:
2282:
2104:
1342:
1065:
969:
613:
460:
456:
141:
984:
that provides structure. Shirky provides an overview of these two approaches.
3358:
3312:
3257:
3159:
3108:
2292:
2228:
2109:
1197:
699:
674:
670:
666:
566:
166:
136:
578:
2368:
944:
864:
757:
543:
534:) is the appropriate and optimized capture, storage, retrieval, and use of
410:
402:
3136:
2037:
1771:
Zachman, J. A. (1987). A framework for information systems architecture.
1162:
1073:
872:
715:
547:
535:
444:
364:
171:
889:
lose the economies of strategic change because of entrenched attitudes.
3141:
2553:
2490:
2408:
2089:
1931:
Operations management: critical perspectives on business and management
1892:
Investing in Information: the Information Management Body of Knowledge
1316:
of resources and to reduce information processing relating to overload.
1225:
1144:
1061:
1013:
1001:
855:
711:
629:
609:
146:
1960:
Investing in Information: the Information Management Body of Knowledge
1593:
Winter, S.G., 2000. The satisficing principle in capability learning.
1553:
Investing in Information: the Information Management Body of Knowledge
1312:
Creation of slack resources so as to decrease the load on the overall
1012:, new ways to archive and then trawl data for meaningful information.
3043:
2886:
2150:
2094:
1331:
1313:
1302:
1259:
1077:
1020:, are a more recent way of eliciting information from large archival
1005:
973:
923:
Aligning technology and business strategy with information management
739:
551:
376:
267:
1861:
Chu, C. et al., 2007. Map-reduce for machine learning on multicore.
2119:
1341:
for a specific task (or set of tasks) in accordance to the applied
1320:
1154:
1087:
637:
593:
586:
368:
360:
118:
1039:
1021:
935:
747:
570:
440:
206:
1802:
Benefits Management: Delivering Value from IS and IT Investments
1712:
Reengineering the Corporation: Manifesto for Business Revolution
1536:
Venkatraman, N., 1996. Managing IT resources as a value center,
573:
of acquired information; those who are responsible for its safe
546:
concerns a cycle of organizational activity: the acquisition of
2495:
2155:
2114:
1918:
International Journal of Operations & Production Management
980:
data or more typically by adding “tags”, or construct a formal
941:
information external so as to make it useful (see the figure).
851:
834:
625:
196:
3186:
Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering
841:, behavioural and organisational theories help. Following the
811:
2522:
1076:” and recognise that technology is, increasingly, becoming a
557:
This cycle of information organisation involves a variety of
2364:
1645:
Wigand, Rolf T., Picot, Arnold and Reichwald, Ralf (1997),
1538:
IS Executive Seminar Series, Cranfield School of Management
686:
621:
356:
1266:
1027:
828:
1947:
The balanced scorecard - translating strategy into action
977:
1086:: While historically information systems were developed
758:
Positioning information management in the bigger picture
656:
16:
Organisational activity concerning information lifecycle
1986:
International Journal of Electronic Government Research
1879:
775:
Data that is maintained in IT infrastructure has to be
695:
561:, including those who are responsible for assuring the
1337:
Investment in vertical information systems that route
1072:
and delivers benefits. It is necessary to manage the “
914:
although much of the optimistic early thinking about
782:
The information in our information systems has to be
1941:
1939:
1752:
1094:
industry. However, there is still the potential for
867:", as advocated in classical theory they proposed "
1717:
892:
2004:
1832:http://shirky.com/writings/ontology_overrated.html
1701:, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
1580:see Opp, K.-D., 1985. Sociology and economic man.
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1200:has succeeded with information technology induced
1936:
1863:Advances in neural information processing systems
1704:
1563:
1561:
3356:
1699:Management Strategies for Information Technology
1484:
1482:
1738:International Journal of Information Management
1495:
1558:
1296:
936:A contemporary portfolio model for information
617:information to use, it then gains more value.
542:or organizational. Information Management for
2538:
2053:
1479:
1068:that supports systems, and thereby optimises
698:transformed the vocabulary of what was then "
681:began to be recognised: for example a single
508:
232:
1876:The Information Management Body of Knowledge
1727:, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press
1271:
803:Appropriate actions are expected to deliver
1102:Business processes and Business information
2545:
2531:
2067:
2060:
2046:
1547:
1545:
1512:Strategic Planning for Information Systems
1349:
1048:The information management knowledge areas
845:theory of management, mainly developed at
710:”, “monopoly supply” became a mixture of “
515:
501:
266:
239:
225:
2017:
1973:Information technology project management
1952:
1923:
1884:
1828:Clay Shirky's Writings About the Internet
1613:
823:
2213:society as information processing system
2208:humans as information processing systems
1965:
1910:
1807:
1796:
1794:
1634:Management and Organizational Behaviours
1414:Journal of Global Information Management
1399:Information Resources Management Journal
1394:Information Management Body of Knowledge
1038:
1034:Information Management Body of Knowledge
943:
810:
1765:
1730:
1626:
1600:
1542:
1267:Operationalising information management
1161:. Strategic analysis tools such as the
1124:management is even more of a challenge.
1028:Competencies to manage information well
829:Behavioural and organisational theories
3357:
1978:
1903:Carr, N., 2003. IT doesn't matter. In
1820:
1665:
1639:
1587:
1530:
1517:
1464:
2526:
2449:philosophy of artificial intelligence
2041:
1949:, Boston MA: Harvard University Press
1868:
1791:
1778:
1723:Nonaka, I. & Takeuchi, H., 1995.
1678:
1652:
1567:March, J.G. & Simon, H.A., 1958.
1330:instead of fragmenting it within the
1323:at hand required to perform the task.
657:Emergent ideas out of data management
2010:Knights, D. & Murray, F., 1994.
1991:
1897:
1691:
1451:
1174:The information management processes
796:Effective decisions have to lead to
19:For the library science degree, see
3222:Bachelor of Business Administration
2139:information processing abstractions
1945:Kaplan, R. & Norton, D., 1996.
1855:
1843:
1710:Hammer, M. & Champy, J., 2009.
854:that it enables, especially as the
13:
3323:Organizational behavior management
1574:
1510:Ward, J. & Peppard, J., 2002.
1284:is engendered. The novelty of new
1210:: With new systems in place, with
878:
14:
3391:
3237:Doctor of Business Administration
3227:Master of Business Administration
2083:information processes by function
2033:
1815:Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
1800:Ward, J. & Daniel, E., 2005.
1608:Handbook of Organizational Design
3338:
2203:nature as information processing
1514:(3rd Edition), Chichester: Wiley
1424:Master of Information Management
1179:selected secondary references):
1032:In 2004, the management system "
893:Strategic information management
786:in order to emerge as knowledge.
482:
481:
21:Master of Information Management
1743:
972:: use existing schemes such as
779:in order to render information.
540:personal information management
260:Library and information science
192:Library and information science
3201:Chartered Management Institute
2552:
771:(see the figure) argued that:
423:Science and technology studies
114:Science and technology studies
1:
2360:information processing theory
1445:
897:
789:Knowledge allows managers to
2570:Index of management articles
2439:computational theory of mind
1636:, 3rd ed., Pitman Publishing
1623:, AHM Publishing Corporation
1595:Strategic Management Journal
581:; and those who need it for
554:or deletion and extraction.
128:Related fields and subfields
7:
3206:Critical management studies
3069:Full range leadership model
1905:Wringing real value from IT
1662:, Wiley, New York, pp.76–90
1473:MIT Sloan Management Review
1361:
1297:The early work of Galbraith
1118:Business process management
968:: Tagging the noise on the
212:Quantum information science
10:
3396:
3196:Certified Business Manager
2340:computational neuroscience
2244:human–computer interaction
1837:December 20, 2016, at the
1660:Modern Organization Theory
1461:, London: Victor Gollancz.
1240:
1016:methods, originating from
847:Carnegie Mellon University
837:of information management
651:
25:
18:
3336:
3245:
3214:
3178:
3150:
3122:
3064:Evidence-based management
3034:
3008:
2936:
2910:
2867:
2835:
2791:
2780:
2726:
2661:
2654:
2643:
2578:
2560:
2483:
2457:
2444:philosophy of information
2431:
2391:
2352:
2314:
2305:
2252:
2221:
2195:
2188:
2138:
2082:
2075:
1675:, Oxford University Press
1621:Organizational Structures
1610:, Oxford University Press
1272:Managing requisite change
1252:human resource management
1008:systems used in personal
992:entity-relationship model
916:business process redesign
734:”) that were operated on
673:and other record-keeping
3318:Organization development
3074:Management by objectives
2234:brain–computer interface
2014:, Chichester: John Wiley
1962:, Geneva: Springer, p31
1894:, Geneva: Springer, p29
1060:: The pace of change of
791:take effective decisions
387:Interdisciplinary fields
26:Not to be confused with
3380:Works about information
3099:Social entrepreneurship
3059:Earned value management
2423:artificial intelligence
2353:in cognitive psychology
2306:Information processing
2023:Galbraith, J.R., 1977.
1988:(IJEGR), 1(2), pp.27–49
1907:. HBR OnPoint, pp. 3–10
1786:Harvard Business Review
1619:Mackenzie K.D. (1978),
1597:, 21(10-11), pp.981–996
1525:Sloan Management Review
1350:The matrix organisation
1234:organisational learning
1167:critical success factor
1004:and from the miniature
3365:Information management
3345:Systems science portal
3288:Management development
3283:Management cybernetics
3268:Executive compensation
3104:Sustainable management
2966:Information technology
2946:Environmental resource
2418:computational circuits
2413:information structures
2269:bio-inspired computing
2189:Information processors
2069:Information processing
1920:, 20(10), pp.1183–1203
1671:Morton, M.S.S., 1991.
1409:Information technology
1389:Information excellence
1222:Performance management
1143:until the turn of the
1058:Information technology
1044:
1018:functional programming
958:: Taking advantage of
949:
824:Theoretical background
816:
679:information technology
528:Information management
331:Information management
319:Collections management
177:Information technology
99:Knowledge organization
3308:Managerial psychology
3273:Management consulting
3094:Scientific management
2877:Customer relationship
2565:Outline of management
2502:Decoding the Universe
2374:cognitive informatics
2308:theories and concepts
2076:Information processes
1632:Mullins, L.J (1993),
1286:systems architectures
1282:organisational change
1230:customer satisfaction
1096:competitive advantage
1042:
947:
814:
407:Documentation science
395:Communication studies
187:Intellectual property
157:Computer data storage
3303:Managerial economics
3263:Corporate governance
3170:Oliver E. Williamson
3049:Collaborative method
2508:information overload
2383:behavior informatics
2274:ubiquitous computing
1971:Schwalbe, K., 2013.
1958:Bytheway, A., 2015.
1890:Bytheway, A., 2015.
1880:http://www.imbok.org
1686:The fifth discipline
1551:Bytheway, A., 2015.
1439:Strategic management
1419:Knowledge management
1248:Corporate governance
1216:business information
1114:business information
912:knowledge management
339:Knowledge management
182:Intellectual freedom
32:Knowledge management
3375:Information systems
3165:Eliyahu M. Goldratt
2392:in computer science
2331:genetic informatics
2025:Organization design
2001:, 36(3), pp.365–396
1804:, Chichester: Wiley
1773:IBM Systems Journal
1760:IBM Systems Journal
1684:Senge, P.M., 1990.
1356:matrix organization
1256:product development
1208:Business operations
1141:information systems
1106:Information systems
861:cooperative systems
843:behavioural science
798:appropriate actions
767:, information, and
419:Information science
315:Archives management
254:Part of a series on
47:Information science
3328:Pointy-haired Boss
3278:Management control
3114:Virtual management
2465:information theory
2404:computation theory
2399:neural computation
2335:cellular computing
2239:physical computing
1975:, Cengage Learning
1817:, 7(5), pp.275–286
1697:Earl, M.J., 1989.
1649:, Wiley & Sons
1555:, Geneva: Springer
1527:, 35(2), pp.73–87.
1434:Records management
1429:Project management
1404:Information system
1379:Content management
1369:Balanced scorecard
1280:, especially when
1212:business processes
1188:project management
1136:Balanced scorecard
1110:business processes
1084:Information system
1070:business processes
1045:
960:public information
950:
869:administrative man
817:
805:meaningful results
765:management of data
728:business processes
343:Library management
28:Content management
3352:
3351:
3298:Management system
3232:PhD in management
3004:
3003:
2863:
2862:
2776:
2775:
2744:Product lifecycle
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2458:interdisciplinary
2301:
2300:
2184:
2183:
2166:stream processing
2156:signal processing
2151:sign processesing
1999:Decision Sciences
1740:, 17(1), pp.21–33
1492:, 21(4), page 403
1476:, 35(2), pp.73–87
1457:Evans, C., 1979.
1339:information flows
1290:change management
1278:operational level
1151:Business strategy
1010:health management
744:senior management
736:IT infrastructure
724:senior management
708:business analysts
525:
524:
249:
248:
3387:
3342:
3079:Management style
2789:
2788:
2659:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2524:
2523:
2378:neuroinformatics
2312:
2311:
2279:artificial brain
2193:
2192:
2176:state processing
2171:agent processing
2146:event processing
2080:
2079:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2027:, Addison Wesley
2021:
2015:
2012:Managers Divided
2008:
2002:
1995:
1989:
1982:
1976:
1969:
1963:
1956:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1901:
1895:
1888:
1882:
1878:. Available at:
1872:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1830:. Available at:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1798:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1775:, 26(3), 590–616
1769:
1763:
1762:, 32(1), pp.4–16
1756:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1734:
1728:
1721:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1556:
1549:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1521:
1515:
1508:
1493:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1462:
1459:The Mighty Micro
1455:
1374:Business process
1236:and development.
1128:Business benefit
1092:software package
908:business process
886:transaction cost
720:business benefit
704:systems analysts
685:storing a whole
517:
510:
503:
490:
485:
484:
399:Computer science
391:Archival science
270:
251:
250:
241:
234:
227:
162:Cultural studies
43:
42:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3332:
3241:
3210:
3191:Business school
3174:
3152:
3146:
3132:Decision-making
3124:
3118:
3089:Micromanagement
3084:Macromanagement
3036:
3030:
3000:
2956:Human resources
2951:Field inventory
2932:
2906:
2869:
2859:
2831:
2784:
2782:
2772:
2722:
2665:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2581:of organization
2580:
2574:
2556:
2551:
2521:
2512:
2479:
2470:decision theory
2453:
2427:
2387:
2348:
2326:systems biology
2307:
2297:
2288:virtual reality
2248:
2217:
2180:
2161:data processing
2134:
2130:decision-making
2071:
2066:
2036:
2031:
2022:
2018:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1979:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1953:
1944:
1937:
1928:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1885:
1873:
1869:
1860:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1839:Wayback Machine
1825:
1821:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1792:
1783:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1731:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1692:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1653:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1614:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1496:
1487:
1480:
1469:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1384:Data management
1364:
1352:
1299:
1274:
1269:
1243:
1202:business change
1194:Business change
1159:competitiveness
1108:are applied to
1030:
938:
925:
910:management and
900:
895:
881:
879:Economic theory
831:
826:
760:
752:business change
722:. The scope of
691:electronic mail
663:data management
659:
654:
600:, structuring,
583:decision making
521:
480:
468:
467:
434:
426:
425:
415:Library science
388:
380:
379:
354:
346:
345:
327:Data management
312:
304:
303:
294:
245:
216:
123:
54:General aspects
39:
36:Data management
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3393:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3350:
3349:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:Management fad
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3253:Administration
3249:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2786:
2781:On activity or
2778:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2475:systems theory
2472:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2344:neurocomputing
2337:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2283:mind uploading
2276:
2271:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2035:
2034:External links
2032:
2030:
2029:
2016:
2003:
1990:
1977:
1964:
1951:
1935:
1922:
1909:
1896:
1883:
1867:
1854:
1842:
1819:
1806:
1790:
1777:
1764:
1751:
1742:
1729:
1716:
1714:, A, Zondervan
1703:
1690:
1677:
1664:
1651:
1638:
1625:
1612:
1599:
1586:
1573:
1557:
1541:
1529:
1516:
1494:
1478:
1463:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:business logic
1335:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1298:
1295:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1219:
1205:
1191:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1148:
1125:
1099:
1081:
1066:infrastructure
1050:
1049:
1029:
1026:
970:World Wide Web
937:
934:
924:
921:
899:
896:
894:
891:
880:
877:
830:
827:
825:
822:
809:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
759:
756:
671:magnetic tapes
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:or a service.
523:
522:
520:
519:
512:
505:
497:
494:
493:
492:
491:
478:
470:
469:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
295:
292:
291:
288:
287:
286:
285:
280:
272:
271:
263:
262:
256:
255:
247:
246:
244:
243:
236:
229:
221:
218:
217:
215:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
152:Classification
149:
144:
142:Categorization
139:
133:
130:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
60:
57:
56:
50:
49:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3392:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:Managerialism
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Collaboration
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:Peter Drucker
3158:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Team building
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2866:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2779:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:Communication
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:in philosophy
2430:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2322:computational
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2294:
2293:virtual world
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:mixed reality
2227:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2110:communication
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2026:
2020:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1974:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1877:
1874:IMBOK, 2004.
1871:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1788:, 73(3), p.94
1787:
1781:
1774:
1768:
1761:
1755:
1746:
1739:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1570:
1569:Organizations
1564:
1562:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1539:
1533:
1526:
1520:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1490:MIS Quarterly
1485:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:public sector
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
993:
989:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
961:
957:
953:
946:
942:
933:
930:
920:
917:
913:
909:
905:
890:
887:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
853:
848:
844:
840:
836:
821:
813:
806:
802:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
781:
778:
774:
773:
772:
770:
766:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:IT management
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:punched cards
664:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:accessibility
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
544:organizations
541:
537:
533:
529:
518:
513:
511:
506:
504:
499:
498:
496:
495:
489:
479:
477:
474:
473:
472:
471:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
430:
429:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
384:
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
350:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
308:
307:
302:
298:
290:
289:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
274:
273:
269:
265:
264:
261:
258:
257:
253:
252:
242:
237:
235:
230:
228:
223:
222:
220:
219:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
167:Data modeling
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
137:Bibliometrics
135:
134:
132:
131:
127:
126:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
61:
59:
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
3343:
2960:
2897:Supply chain
2870:relationship
2868:On aspect or
2761:Construction
2727:On component
2648:organization
2620:Intelligence
2500:
2369:intelligence
2024:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1993:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1959:
1954:
1946:
1930:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1886:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1785:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1754:
1745:
1737:
1732:
1724:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1589:
1584:, pp.213–243
1581:
1576:
1568:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1511:
1489:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1353:
1300:
1275:
1244:
1221:
1207:
1193:
1183:
1177:
1150:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1101:
1083:
1057:
1051:
1031:
997:
996:
987:
986:
965:
964:
955:
954:
951:
939:
926:
901:
882:
865:economic man
838:
832:
818:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
761:
732:applications
702:", so that “
660:
619:
591:
559:stakeholders
556:
538:. It may be
531:
527:
526:
411:Epistemology
403:Data science
330:
323:Preservation
202:Preservation
78:
69:Architecture
40:
3370:Information
3137:Forecasting
3054:Distributed
2961:Information
2938:On resource
2882:Engineering
2708:Performance
2666:(top-level)
2593:Association
1865:, 19, p.281
1688:, Doubleday
1232:, and with
1226:Investments
1163:value chain
1122:information
1074:supply side
873:satisficing
777:interpreted
716:outsourcing
606:controlling
548:information
536:information
476:WikiProject
365:Information
335:cataloguing
301:Information
172:Informatics
3359:Categories
3142:Leadership
3125:activities
3037:approaches
2991:Technology
2911:On problem
2892:Perception
2845:Accounting
2810:production
2806:Operations
2783:department
2698:Innovation
2673:Capability
2635:Reputation
2615:Healthcare
2603:Restaurant
2554:Management
2491:infosphere
2409:algorithms
2315:in biology
2260:processors
2253:artificial
2090:perception
1446:References
1145:millennium
1062:technology
1014:Map-reduce
1002:social web
974:post codes
904:competency
898:Background
856:social web
784:understood
740:outsourced
712:insourcing
706:” became “
642:life cycle
630:technology
610:evaluation
602:processing
598:organizing
147:Censorship
109:Philosophy
79:Management
3179:Education
3151:Pioneers,
3044:Adhocracy
3009:Positions
2981:Materials
2971:Knowledge
2887:Logistics
2801:Marketing
2693:Financial
2663:Strategic
2646:within an
2644:By focus,
2264:processes
2115:reasoning
2105:operating
2100:influence
2095:attention
1933:, 1, p.97
1332:hierarchy
1321:resources
1314:hierarchy
1303:Galbraith
1260:marketing
1078:commodity
1006:telemetry
769:knowledge
738:that was
634:processes
614:reporting
552:archiving
377:Knowledge
373:Artefacts
369:Documents
297:Libraries
293:Histories
84:Retrieval
3153:scholars
3035:Methods,
2918:Conflict
2734:Facility
2655:On scope
2625:Military
2598:Business
2588:Academic
2120:learning
1835:Archived
1362:See also
1184:Projects
1155:strategy
1088:in-house
1022:datasets
982:ontology
748:projects
638:strategy
594:planning
587:policies
579:disposal
488:Category
441:Archival
437:Academic
361:Metadata
353:Curation
283:Glossary
119:Taxonomy
104:Ontology
74:Behavior
3215:Degrees
3123:Skills,
3016:Interim
2855:Records
2820:Quality
2815:Process
2785:managed
2768:Program
2756:Project
2739:Product
2718:Systems
2678:Capital
2579:By type
2196:natural
2125:storing
1571:, Wiley
1328:process
1241:Summary
998:Stage 4
988:Stage 3
966:Stage 2
956:Stage 1
714:” and “
652:History
646:product
626:systems
575:storage
571:utility
563:quality
465:Special
453:Private
278:Outline
207:Privacy
94:Society
89:Seeking
3026:Senior
3021:Middle
2986:Skills
2928:Stress
2923:Crisis
2902:Talent
2850:Office
2683:Change
2630:Public
2496:inforg
852:system
839:per se
835:theory
486:
461:School
457:Public
449:Health
197:Memory
64:Access
3246:Other
2837:Staff
2827:Sales
2749:Brand
2703:Legal
2610:Court
2484:other
2222:mixed
929:DIKAR
689:, or
675:media
445:Legal
433:Areas
311:Focus
34:, or
2996:Time
2976:Land
2793:Line
2713:Risk
2411:and
2376:and
2367:and
2365:mind
2342:and
2333:and
2324:and
2281:and
2262:and
1258:and
1214:and
1165:and
976:and
750:and
687:book
683:chip
622:data
612:and
577:and
569:and
357:Data
337:) -
325:) -
1132:can
978:GPS
3361::
1938:^
1793:^
1560:^
1544:^
1497:^
1481:^
1254:,
1250:,
1224::
1116:.
1104::
994:.
696:BP
669:,
665::
632:,
628:,
624:,
608:,
604:,
596:,
589:.
565:,
532:IM
463:-
459:-
455:-
451:-
447:-
443:-
439:-
421:-
417:-
413:-
409:-
405:-
401:-
397:-
393:-
375:-
371:-
367:-
363:-
359:-
341:-
329:-
317:-
299:-
30:,
2808:/
2546:e
2539:t
2532:v
2061:e
2054:t
2047:v
1345:.
1334:.
1204:.
1190:.
1147:.
1080:.
807:.
800:.
793:.
530:(
516:e
509:t
502:v
333:(
321:(
240:e
233:t
226:v
38:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.