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440:, with each pixel representing a temperature. This technology is more processor- and software-intensive than spot or scanning thermometers, and is used for monitoring large areas. Typical applications include perimeter monitoring used by military or security personnel, inspection/process quality monitoring of manufacturing processes, and equipment or enclosed space hot or cold spot monitoring for safety and efficiency maintenance purposes.
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428:, which measures the temperature at a spot on a surface (actually a relatively small area determined by the D:S ratio). These usually project a visible red dot onto the center of the area being measured that identifies the spot being measured, but plays no part in the measurement. The actual angular area being measured varies among instruments and is not restricted to the visible spot.
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of D to S is able to sense a more-specific, narrower surface at a greater distance than one with a lower ratio. A 12:1 rated device can sense a 1-inch circle at a distance of one foot, whereas a 10:1 ratio device achieves the same 1-inch circle at 10 inches, and a wider, less-specific circle of 1.2 inches at a distance of 12 inches.
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hospital without touching them, checking heater or oven temperature, for calibration and control, checking for hot spots in fire-fighting, monitoring materials in processes involving heating or cooling, and measuring the temperature of volcanoes. At times of epidemics of diseases causing fever, such as
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The distance-to-spot ratio (D:S) is the ratio of the distance to the measurement surface and the diameter of the temperature measurement area. For instance, if the D:S ratio is 12:1, the diameter of the measurement area is one-twelfth of the distance to the object. A thermometer with a higher ratio
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or another controlled atmosphere; or in applications where a fast response is required, the accurate surface temperature is desired or the object temperature is above the recommended use point for contact sensors, or contact with a sensor would mar the object or the sensor, or introduce a significant
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signal that can be displayed in units of temperature after being compensated for ambient temperature. This permits temperature measurement from a distance without contact with the object to be measured. A non-contact infrared thermometer is useful for measuring temperature under circumstances where
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Most surfaces have high emissivity (over 0.9 for most biological surfaces), and most IR thermometers rely on this simplifying assumption; however, reflective surfaces have lower emissivity than non-reflective surfaces. Some sensors have an adjustable emissivity setting, which can be set to measure
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A sensor with an adjustable emissivity setting can also be used to calibrate the sensor for a given surface or to measure the emissivity of a surface. When the temperature of a surface is accurately known (e.g. by measuring with a contact thermometer), then the sensor's emissivity setting can be
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Related equipment, although not strictly thermometers, include infrared scanning systems and infrared thermal imaging cameras. Infrared scanning systems scan a larger area, typically by using what is essentially a spot thermometer pointed at a rotating mirror. These devices are widely used in
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Infrared thermometers can be used to serve a wide variety of temperature monitoring functions. A few examples provided include detecting clouds for remote telescope operation, checking mechanical or electrical equipment for temperature and hot spots, measuring the temperature of patients in a
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The ideal target area should be at least twice the size of the spot at that distance, with smaller areas relative to distance resulting in less accurate measurement. An infrared thermometer should not be placed too close to its target, as this proximity could cause heat to build up in the
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Sometimes, especially near ambient temperatures, readings may be subject to error due to the reflection of radiation from a hotter body—even the person holding the instrument — rather than radiated by the object being measured, and to an incorrectly assumed emissivity.
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adjusted until the temperature measurement by the IR method matches the measured temperature by the contact method; the emissivity setting will indicate the emissivity of the surface, which can be taken into account for later measurements of similar surfaces (only).
548:
A peine descends d'avion, les passagers du vol
Conakry-Paris ont été accueillis samedi avec des thermomètres laser pour détecter d'éventuels cas de fièvre, mesure la plus spectaculaire prise par le gouvernement pour prévenir l'éventuelle arrivée en France du virus
404:, radiant power is proportional to the fourth power of temperature, so when the measurement surface has both hot and cold areas, the indicated temperature may be higher than the actual average temperature, and closer to fourth-
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thermometer's housing and damage the sensor. Measurement error generally only decreases with too much distance because of the effects of reflectivity and the inclusion of other heat sources within the sensor's field of view.
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the temperature of reflective and non-reflective surfaces. A non-adjustable thermometer may be used to measure the temperature of a reflective surface by applying a non-reflective paint or tape, with some loss of accuracy.
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manufacturing involving conveyors or "web" processes, such as large sheets of glass or metal exiting an oven, fabric, and paper, or continuous piles of material along a conveyor belt. Infrared thermal imaging cameras or
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hit the world, infrared thermometers were used to measure people's temperature and deny them entry to potential transmission sites if they showed signs of fever. Public health authorities such as the
290:, the object's temperature can often be determined within a certain range of its actual temperature. Infrared thermometers are a subset of devices known as "thermal radiation thermometers".
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Infrared thermometers are characterized by specifications including accuracy and angular coverage. Simpler instruments may have a measurement error of about ±2 °C or ±4 °F.
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and suitable lens, etc., is also called an "infrared camera". This only captures the near-infrared and is not sensitive to the thermal radiation from room-temperature objects.
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are essentially infrared radiation thermometers that measure the temperature at many points over a relatively large area to generate a two-dimensional image, called a
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There are many varieties of infrared temperature-sensing devices, both for portable and handheld use and as fixed installations.
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Some typical circumstances are where the object to be measured is moving; where the object is surrounded by an
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or other probe-type sensors cannot be used or do not produce accurate data for a variety of reasons.
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published rules to assure accuracy and consistency among the infrared thermometers.
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The most common infrared thermometer is the spot infrared pyrometer or infrared
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Avoiding Common
Mistakes that Can Compromise an Infrared Inspection Program
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Thermometer which infers temperature by measuring infrared energy emission
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564:"Non-contact Temperature Assessment Devices During the COVID-19 Pandemic"
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The design essentially consists of a lens to focus the infrared
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emitted by the object being measured. They are sometimes called
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Health, Center for
Devices and Radiological (2020-06-23).
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A sailor checking the temperature of a ventilation system
528:"A Roissy, le "thermomètre laser" pour détecter Ebola"
508:
Thermal
Imaging for Detecting Potential SARS Infection
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
464:ASTM Subcommittee E20.02 on Radiation Thermometry
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517:(also covers non-imaging infrared thermometers)
362:IR thermometer checking a person's temperature
258:which infers temperature from a portion of the
343:temperature gradient on the object's surface.
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53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1486:High efficiency glandless circulating pump
735:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
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305:, which converts the radiant power to an
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
1920:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
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1793:Programmable communicating thermostat
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88:adding citations to reliable sources
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1776:Minimum efficiency reporting value
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1818:Standard temperature and pressure
1531:Packaged terminal air conditioner
1067:Passive daytime radiative cooling
796:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
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593:"Infrared thermometers explained"
34:This article has multiple issues.
887:Absorption-compression heat pump
192:has been specified. Please help
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64:
23:
1782:Normal temperature and pressure
1162:Vapor-compression refrigeration
677:from the original on 2015-05-02
643:J. R. Barker (1 October 1985).
605:from the original on 2017-09-05
574:from the original on 2020-07-26
538:from the original on 2018-08-18
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
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1930:Testing, adjusting, balancing
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1869:Building services engineering
1446:Ground-coupled heat exchanger
974:Demand controlled ventilation
922:Building insulation materials
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1491:High-pressure cut-off switch
1042:Ice storage air conditioning
963:Dedicated outdoor air system
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1834:Thermostatic radiator valve
1636:Thermostatic radiator valve
1147:Underfloor air distribution
1082:Radiant heating and cooling
1000:Energy recovery ventilation
912:Automobile air conditioning
776:Domestic energy consumption
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1983:Institute of Refrigeration
1864:Architectural technologist
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1174:Variable refrigerant flow
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969:Deep water source cooling
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2083:Template:Home automation
1905:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
1601:Solar-assisted heat pump
1201:Air conditioner inverter
980:Displacement ventilation
871:Vapour pressure of water
856:Thermal destratification
598:. FireCraft Safety.com.
276:non-contact thermometers
2078:World Refrigeration Day
1925:Refrigerant reclamation
1854:Architectural acoustics
1798:Programmable thermostat
1730:Clean air delivery rate
1626:Thermal expansion valve
1541:Pressurisation ductwork
1451:Ground source heat pump
892:Absorption refrigerator
479:Sakuma–Hattori equation
246:An infrared thermometer
2068:Glossary of HVAC terms
2030:Sick building syndrome
1910:Mechanical engineering
1621:Smoke exhaust ductwork
1052:Mixed-mode ventilation
671:"Stefan-Boltzmann Law"
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99:"Infrared thermometer"
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1766:Intelligent buildings
1725:Carbon dioxide sensor
1112:Room air distribution
932:Central solar heating
646:Thermological methods
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332:electromagnetic field
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1890:Duct leakage testing
1880:Deep energy retrofit
1824:Thermographic camera
1761:Infrared thermometer
1236:Air source heat pump
1185:Water heat recycling
751:Air changes per hour
649:. VCH. p. 192.
484:Thermographic camera
402:Stefan–Boltzmann law
264:black-body radiation
252:infrared thermometer
194:improve this article
182:to meet Knowledge's
84:improve this article
1756:HVAC control system
1746:Home energy monitor
1720:Building automation
1506:Inverter compressor
1168:Variable air volume
1077:Passive ventilation
1047:Kitchen ventilation
947:Constant air volume
917:Autonomous building
632:. 2004. p. 31.
353:Ebola virus disease
2019:Indoor air quality
1963:ASTM International
1900:Hydronic balancing
1677:Wood-burning stove
1556:Radiator reflector
1341:Evaporative cooler
1152:Underfloor heating
1137:Thermal insulation
513:2016-12-26 at the
420:Infrared pyrometer
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268:laser thermometers
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2012:Health and safety
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1546:Process duct work
1301:Convection heater
1296:Condensing boiler
1226:Air-mixing plenum
1122:Solar combisystem
958:Cross ventilation
761:Building envelope
656:978-3-527-15168-4
400:According to the
368:COVID-19 pandemic
336:induction heating
299:thermal radiation
262:sometimes called
260:thermal radiation
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175:This article may
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1371:Fan filter unit
1286:Condensate pump
1271:Centrifugal fan
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534:. 2014-10-18.
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1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
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1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
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1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Control valve
1734:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
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1708:
1706:
1703:
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1698:
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1689:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:Turning vanes
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:Thermal wheel
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:Solar chimney
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
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1569:
1567:
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1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:Fan coil unit
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:Cooling tower
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
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1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:Vapor barrier
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1132:Solar heating
1130:
1128:
1127:Solar cooling
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:Refrigeration
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Passive house
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
975:
972:
970:
967:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
948:
945:
943:
942:Chilled water
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
882:
878:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
841:Sensible heat
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
821:Noise control
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
801:Heat transfer
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
746:
740:
736:
729:
724:
722:
717:
715:
710:
709:
706:
700:
697:
696:
676:
672:
666:
658:
652:
648:
647:
639:
631:
627:
626:
619:
601:
594:
588:
573:
569:
565:
558:
551:
550:
537:
533:
529:
523:
516:
512:
509:
504:
500:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
455:
453:
452:infrared film
449:
446:
441:
439:
435:
429:
427:
417:
413:
409:
407:
403:
398:
394:
390:
382:
379:
377:
376:United States
373:
369:
366:In 2020 when
360:
356:
354:
350:
344:
341:
337:
333:
324:
315:
313:
312:thermocouples
308:
304:
300:
295:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
244:
234:
231:
216:
213:
205:
195:
191:
185:
181:
180:
173:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: –
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2109:Thermometers
2063:Fireproofing
1847:and services
1843:Professions,
1760:
1741:Gas detector
1641:Trickle vent
1616:Smoke damper
1611:Smoke canopy
1606:Space heater
1536:Plenum space
1471:Heating film
1351:Exhaust hood
1321:Dehumidifier
1261:Blast damper
1256:Barrier pipe
1231:Air purifier
1142:Thermosiphon
1021:Free cooling
937:Chilled beam
861:Thermal mass
846:Stack effect
831:Particulates
811:Infiltration
742:Fundamental
679:. Retrieved
665:
645:
638:
624:
618:
607:. Retrieved
587:
576:. Retrieved
567:
557:
547:
546:
540:. Retrieved
522:
503:
489:Thermography
445:photographic
442:
430:
423:
414:
410:
399:
395:
391:
388:
380:
365:
345:
329:
296:
292:
279:
275:
267:
251:
249:
226:
208:
199:
176:
146:
140:January 2015
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2073:Warm Spaces
1715:Blower door
1693:and control
1691:Measurement
1672:Windcatcher
1646:Trombe wall
1586:Sail switch
1566:Refrigerant
1561:Recuperator
1436:Grease duct
1396:Freeze stat
1381:Fire damper
1251:Back boiler
1221:Air ionizer
1216:Air handler
1180:Ventilation
1032:Hybrid heat
897:Air barrier
816:Latent heat
256:thermometer
196:if you can.
2103:Categories
1829:Thermostat
1751:Humidistat
1682:Zone valve
1651:TurboSwing
1526:Oil heater
1496:Humidifier
1426:Gas heater
1376:Fan heater
1346:Evaporator
1331:Economizer
1306:Compressor
1211:Air filter
1194:Components
1011:Forced-air
907:Antifreeze
880:Technology
826:Outgassing
766:Convection
681:2015-06-09
609:2017-09-05
578:2020-07-14
542:2014-10-18
532:Libération
495:References
438:thermogram
406:power mean
307:electrical
288:emissivity
110:newspapers
39:improve it
1939:Industry
1788:OpenTherm
1466:Heat pump
1461:Heat pipe
1411:Fume hood
1386:Fireplace
1291:Condenser
1241:Attic fan
1037:Hydronics
474:Pyrometer
469:Bolometer
426:pyrometer
408:average.
202:June 2011
45:talk page
2046:See also
1771:LonWorks
1705:Aquastat
1571:Register
1551:Radiator
1206:Air door
1006:Firestop
806:Humidity
781:Enthalpy
771:Dilution
756:Bake-out
744:concepts
675:Archived
600:Archived
572:Archived
536:Archived
511:Archived
458:See also
385:Accuracy
334:, as in
303:detector
301:on to a
284:infrared
177:require
1845:trades,
1416:Furnace
1281:Chiller
953:Coolant
179:cleanup
124:scholar
1998:SMACNA
1958:ASHRAE
1778:(MERV)
1732:(CADR)
1710:BACnet
1663:(ULPA)
1516:Louver
1441:Grille
1316:Damper
1266:Boiler
1164:(VCRS)
965:(DOAS)
653:
450:using
448:camera
340:vacuum
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
2038:(VOC)
2032:(SBS)
2021:(IAQ)
1978:CIBSE
1973:BSRIA
1876:(BIM)
1820:(STP)
1784:(NTP)
1406:Freon
1176:(VRF)
1170:(VAV)
1028:(HRV)
1002:(ERV)
976:(DCV)
949:(CAV)
603:(PDF)
596:(PDF)
549:Ebola
272:laser
270:as a
254:is a
131:JSTOR
117:books
1993:LEED
1953:AMCA
1948:AHRI
1481:HEPA
1401:Flue
1326:Duct
651:ISBN
351:and
103:news
2003:UMC
1988:IIR
1968:BRE
1361:Fan
568:FDA
374:in
372:FDA
278:or
250:An
188:No
86:by
2105::
673:.
628:.
570:.
566:.
545:.
530:.
443:A
48:.
727:e
720:t
713:v
684:.
659:.
612:.
581:.
233:)
227:(
215:)
209:(
204:)
200:(
186:.
153:)
147:(
142:)
138:(
128:·
121:·
114:·
107:·
80:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
