136:
20:
167:). The protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the IMS by these respiratory complexes. As a result, an electrochemical gradient is generated, which is combined by forces due to a H gradient (pH gradient) and a voltage gradient (membrane potential). The pH in the IMS is about 0.7 unit lower than the one in the matrix and the membrane potential of the IMS side becomes more positively charged than the matrix side. This electrochemical gradient from the IMS to the matrix is used to drive the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondria.
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small proteins about 5000 daltons or less into the IMS. This makes the IMS chemically equivalent to the cytosol regarding the small molecules it contains. By contrast, specific transport proteins are required to transport ions and other small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix due to its impermeability. The IMS also contains many enzymes that use the ATP moving out of the matrix to phosphorylate other nucleotides and proteins that initiate apoptosis.
206:
51:, but is often called the perinuclear space. The IMS of mitochondria plays a crucial role in coordinating a variety of cellular activities, such as regulation of respiration and metabolic functions. Unlike the IMS of the mitochondria, the IMS of the chloroplast does not seem to have any obvious function.
262:
and separated by a small intermembrane space, which is often called the perinuclear space. The perinuclear space is usually about 20-40 nm wide. The perinuclear translocation of certain proteins and enzymes were studied and results showed that perinuclear space was important for genome integrity
65:
Mitochondria are surrounded by two membranes; the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. These two membranes allow the formation of two aqueous compartments, which are the intermembrane space (IMS) and the matrix. Channel proteins called porins in the outer membrane allow free diffusion of ions and
236:, which is the heat shock protein of 70 kDa, typically localized in the cytoplasm is also found in the IMS of chloroplasts. The resulting hypothesis states that co-localization of Hsp70 is important for efficient translocation of protein precursors into and across the IMS of chloroplasts.
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is exceedingly small, from 10 to 20 nm thick. Unlike the IMS of the mitochondria, the IMS of the chloroplast does not seem to have any obvious function. The translocase of the outer membrane (
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The respiratory chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane carries out oxidative phosphorylation. Three enzyme complexes are responsible for the electron transport: NADH-ubiquinone
650:
Bionda T, Gross LE, Becker T, Papasotiriou DG, Leisegang MS, Karas M, Schleiff E (March 2016). "Eukaryotic Hsp70 chaperones in the intermembrane space of chloroplasts".
31:(IMS) is the space occurring between or involving two or more membranes. In cell biology, it is most commonly described as the region between the
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in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Then they are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix and converted into the
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which are hexameric complexes are located in the IMS and they bind hydrophobic precursor proteins and delivery the precursors to the TIM.
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135:
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60:
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331:. Alberts, Bruce., Bray, Dennis., Hopkin, Karen., Johnson, Alexander D., Lewis, Julian. Garland Pub. 2014.
96:). The IMS is involved in the mitochondrial protein translocation. The precursor proteins called small TIM
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32:
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Walter, Peter; Roberts, Keith; Raff, Martin; Lewis, Julian; Johnson, Alexander; Alberts, Bruce (2002).
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545:"Structural Biochemistry/Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid cycle) - Wikibooks, open books for an open world"
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in the cytosol and are imported into the mitochondria by the translocase of the outer membrane (
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379:"Oxidative protein biogenesis and redox regulation in the mitochondrial intermembrane space"
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and the fatty acids produced by breakdown of fats enter the mitochondrial IMS through the
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The nuclear envelope is composed of two lipid bilayer membranes that are penetrated by
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involvement in the IMS has been proposed but still remains uncertain. The eukaryotic
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Sousa JS, D'Imprima E, Vonck J (2018). "Mitochondrial
Respiratory Chain Complexes".
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47:. It also refers to the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes of the
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Apoptotic components released from the intermembrane space of a mitochondrion
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Electron transport chain and intermembrane space of a mitochondrion
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Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
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572:. Subcellular Biochemistry. Vol. 87. pp. 167–227.
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469:"Mitochondrial Machineries for Protein Import and Assembly"
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738:"Dissecting the cell to nucleus, perinucleus and cytosol"
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Manganas P, MacPherson L, Tokatlidis K (January 2017).
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570:Membrane Protein Complexes: Structure and Function
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248:Simplified structure of a eukaryotic cell nucleus
225:) mainly assist the translocation of chloroplast
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221:) and the translocase of the inner membrane (
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699:Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th Edition
611:"Toc, Tic, and chloroplast protein import"
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240:Intermembrane space of nuclear envelopes
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23:Simplified structure of a mitochondrion
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179:from the IMS to the cytosol activates
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426:Pfanner N, Meijer M (February 1997).
213:The intermembrane space (IMS) of the
209:Simplified structure of a chloroplast
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467:Wiedemann N, Pfanner N (June 2017).
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312:(2nd ed.). Sinauer Associates.
195:Intermembrane space of chloroplasts
61:Intermembrane space of mitochondria
55:Intermembrane space of mitochondria
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736:Shaiken TE, Opekun AR (May 2014).
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80:Most of proteins destined for the
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281:"Definition of INTERMEMBRANE"
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513:"Biochemistry, Glycolysis"
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116:The pyruvate generated by
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664:10.1007/s00425-015-2440-z
519:. StatPearls Publishing.
428:"The Tom and Tim machine"
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112:Oxidative phosphorylation
383:Cell and Tissue Research
285:www.merriam-webster.com
717:www.biology-online.org
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329:Essential Cell Biology
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82:mitochondrial matrix
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517:StatPearls
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267:References
165:complex IV
153:cytochrome
126:acetyl CoA
118:glycolysis
98:chaperones
86:precursors
355:cite book
347:881664767
230:Chaperone
189:apoptosis
171:Apoptosis
159:complex (
149:complex I
147:complex (
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