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404:, born in 1904. They lost their father early on in 1906 due to a horse-drawn wagon incident and Marie was left to raise them. Education was important to Marie and Irène's education began at a school near the Paris Observatory. This school was chosen because it had a more challenging curriculum than the school nearby the Curie's home. In 1906, it was obvious Irène was talented in mathematics and her mother chose to focus on that instead of public school. Marie joined forces with a number of eminent French scholars, including the prominent French physicist
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412:", which included a private gathering of nine students that were children of the most distinguished academics in France. Each contributed to educating these children in their respective homes. The curriculum of The Cooperative was varied and included not only the principles of science and scientific research but such diverse subjects as Chinese and sculpture and with great emphasis placed on self-expression and play. Irène studied in this environment for about two years.
604:, where a proton in the radioactive nucleus changes to a neutron and releases a positron and an electron neutrino. By then, the application of radioactive materials for use in medicine was growing and this discovery allowed radioactive materials to be created quickly, cheaply, and plentifully. The Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1935 brought with it fame and recognition from the scientific community and Joliot-Curie was awarded a professorship at the Faculty of Science.
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552:. The Solvay Conferences consisted of prominent scientists in the physics and chemistry community. Irene and her husband presented their theory and results to their fellow scientists, but they received criticism of their finding from most of the 46 scientists attending. However they were able to build on the controversial theory later on.
777:
detention by German troops at the Swiss border on more than one occasion. Finally, in 1944, Joliot-Curie judged it too dangerous for her family to remain in France and she took her children back to
Switzerland. Later in September 1944, after not hearing from Frédéric for months, Irene and her children were finally able to rejoin him.
785:, an elite scientific organization, knowing that she would be denied. She did so to draw attention to the fact they did not accept women in the organization. Irène was also involved in many speaking functions such as the International Women's Day conference. She also played a big role for the French contingent at the
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The Joliot-Curies had continued Pierre and Marie's policy of publishing all of their work for the benefit of the global scientific community, but afraid of the danger that might result should it be developed for military use, they stopped: on 30 October 1939, they placed all of their documentation on
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were sent to Poland to spend the summer with their Aunt Bronia (Marie's sister) when Irène was thirteen. Irène's education was so rigorous that she still had a German and trigonometry lesson every day of that break. Irène re-entered a more orthodox learning environment by going back to high school at
336:
Her mother Marie Skłodowska–Curie and herself also form the only mother–daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes whilst Pierre and Irène Curie form the only father-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes by the same occasion, whilst there are six father-son pairs who have won Nobel Prizes by comparison.
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However, in 1933, Joliot-Curie and her husband were the first to calculate the accurate mass of the neutron. The Joliot-Curies continued trying to get their name into the scientific community; in doing so they developed a new theory from an interesting experiment they conducted. During an experiment
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Irène took a nursing course during college to assist her mother, Marie Curie, in the field as her assistant. She began her work as a nurse radiographer on the battlefield alongside her mother, but after a few months she was left to work alone at a radiological facility in
Belgium. She taught doctors
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when a sealed capsule of the element exploded on her laboratory bench in 1946. Treatment with antibiotics and a series of operations relieved her suffering temporarily but her condition continued to deteriorate. Despite this, Joliot-Curie continued to work and in 1955 drew up plans for new physics
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and was forced to spend time convalescing in
Switzerland. Concern for her own health together with the anguish of her husband's being in the resistance against the German troops and her children in occupied France was hard to bear. She did make several dangerous visits back to France, enduring
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In 1934, the Joliot-Curies finally made the discovery that sealed their place in scientific history. Building on the work of Marie and Pierre Curie, who had isolated naturally occurring radioactive elements, the Joliot-Curies realised the alchemist's dream of turning one element into another:
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and Otto Frisch would theoretically correct Hahn and
Strassmann's findings, and after replicating their experiment based on Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard's theory that he had confided to Meitner back in 1933, confirmed on 13 January 1939 that Hahn and Strassmann had indeed observed
789:, which promoted the World Peace movement. In 1948, during a strike involving coal miners, Joliot-Curie reached out to Paris Newsletters to convince families to temporarily adopt the children of the coal miners during the strike. The Joliot-Curies adopted two girls during that time.
508:, whom she would later wed. From 1928 Joliot-Curie and her husband Frédéric combined their research efforts on the study of atomic nuclei. In 1932, Joliot-Curie and her husband Frédéric had full access to Marie's polonium. Experiments were done using gamma rays to identify the
548:
bombarding aluminium with alpha rays, they discovered that only protons were detected. Based on the undetectable electron and positron pair, they proposed that the protons changed into neutrons and positrons. Later in
October 1933, this new theory was presented to the Seventh
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Joliot-Curie was an atheist and anti-war. When the French government held a national funeral in her honor, Irène's family asked to have the religious and military portions of the funeral omitted. Frédéric was also given a national funeral by the French government.
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In 1948, using work on nuclear fission, the Joliot-Curies along with other scientists created the first French nuclear reactor. The Joliot-Curies were a part of the organization in charge of the project, the Atomic Energy
Commission,
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Irène fought through these struggles to advocate for her own personal views. She was a passionate member of the feminist movement, especially regarding the sciences, and also advocated for peace. She continually applied to the
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After the war, Irène returned to the
Sorbonne in Paris to complete her second baccalaureate degree in mathematics and physics in 1918. Irène then went on to work as her mother's assistant, teaching radiology at the
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In 1956, after a final convalescent period in the French Alps, Joliot-Curie was admitted to the Curie
Hospital in Paris, where she died on 17 March at the age of 58 from leukemia, possibly due to radiation from
624:: the splitting of the nucleus itself, emitting vast amounts of energy. Lise Meitner's now-famous calculations actually disproved Irène's results and proved that nuclear fission was possible and replicable.
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As she neared the end of her doctorate in 1924, Irène Curie was asked to teach the precision laboratory techniques required for radiochemical research to the young chemical engineer
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Archives de l'état civil de Paris en ligne, acte de naissance no 13/2073/1897, avec mention marginale du décès. Autre mention : mariage en 1926 avec Jean Frédéric Joliot
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how to locate shrapnel in bodies using radiology and taught herself how to repair the equipment. She moved throughout facilities and battlegrounds including two bombsites,
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638:(Zéro énergie Oxyde et Eau lourde) used nuclear fission to generate five kilowatts of power. This was the beginning of nuclear energy as a source of power for France.
684:. In the same year, Joliot-Curie was appointed Undersecretary of State for Scientific Research by the French government, in which capacity she helped in founding the
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802:. Frédéric's health was also declining, and he died in 1958 from liver disease, which too was said to be the result of overexposure to radiation.
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Joliot-Curie became actively involved in promoting women's education, serving on the
National Committee of the Union of French Women (
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The work that Irène's laboratory pioneered, research into radium nuclei, would also help another group of physicists within
Germany.
596:: Al + He → P + n. This phosporus isotope is not found in nature and decays emitting a positron. This discovery is formally known as
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1572:"It was to her grandfather, a convinced freethinker, that Irène owed her atheism, later politically expressed as anticlericalism."
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The Joliot-Curies had become increasingly aware of the growth of the fascist movement. They opposed its ideals and joined the
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Irène and Frédéric hyphenated their surnames to Joliot-Curie after they married in 1926. The Joliot-Curies had two children,
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Years of working so closely with radioactive materials finally caught up with Joliot-Curie and she was diagnosed with
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Recherches sur les rayons α du polonium : oscillation de parcours, vitesse d'émission, pouvoir ionisant
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Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for the discovery of artificial radioactivity with Frédéric Joliot-Curie.
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718:. However, she still found time for scientific work and in 1946 became director of her mother's
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Conference (Dec. 1935) for the Nobel prize of F. & I. Joliot-Curie, online and analysed on
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nuclear fission in the vaults of the French Academy of Sciences, where it remained until 1949.
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468:. She received a military medal for her assistance in X-ray facilities in France and Belgium.
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of five Nobel Prizes. This made the Curies the family with the most Nobel laureates to date.
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2008:
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Joliot-Curie's political career continued after the war and she became a commissioner in the
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She was also one of the first three women to be a member of a French government, becoming
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Barnard Gold Medal for Meritorious Service to Science in 1940 with Frédéric Joliot-Curie.
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and returned sympathizing with Russian colleagues. Frédéric's close connection with the
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during her third trip to the US, coming to speak in support of Spanish refugees, at the
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on 19 December 1938 bombarded uranium with neutrons, but misinterpreted their findings.
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Frédéric and Irène visited Moscow for the two hundred and twentieth anniversary of the
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respectively. These discoveries would have secured greatness indeed, as together with
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Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 17 March 2012.
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Marie Curie and her daughters : the private lives of science's first family
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Marie Curie and her daughters : the private lives of science's first family
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Nobel Prize Women in Science: Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries
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in central Paris until 1914. She then went onto the Faculty of Science at the
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Irène was born in Paris, France, on 12 September 1897 and was the first of
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1005:; Williams, Gary A. (2006). "Hélène Langevin-Joliot and Pierre Radvanyi".
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1495:"Polonium – on the Trace of a Powerful Alpha Nuclide in the Environment"
963:"Global Day Of Parents 2021: Parent-Child Pairs Who Won The Nobel Prize"
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Out of the Shadows: Contributions of Twentieth-Century Women to Physics
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Patwardhan, Veena (27 March 2018). "Irene Joliot-Curie (1897–1956)".
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The Curies: A Biography of the Most Controversial Family in Science
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Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology
1269:"Nobel Lecture: Artificial Production of Radioactive Elements"
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Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 3rd class
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A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity
967:
588:. Irradiating the natural stable isotope of aluminium with
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1667:. Metuchen, N.J. & London: Scarecrow Press. pp.
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Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity
735:. The Joliot-Curies were given memberships to the French
359:
In 1945, she was one of the six commissioners of the new
313:. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the
1380:. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press. pp. 117–143.
361:
French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission
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855:
Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations
1663:
The Lady Laureates: Women Who have Won the Nobel Prize
1001:
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a year later, and in 1936 they actively supported the
3679:
3610:
Maria Skłodowska-Curie Monument in Warsaw (Downtown)
1287:"Chemical Evidence of the Transmutation of Elements"
3799:
Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
1438:. Philadelphia, Pa.: Chemical Heritage Foundation.
1308:"Irène Joliot-Curie Contributions and Bibliography"
673:
Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes
3615:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Monument in Warsaw (Ochota)
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1006:
761:, born eleven months after they were married, and
432:, until 1916 when her studies were interrupted by
293:; 12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French
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1723:including the Nobel Lecture on 12 December 1935
1610:There were no prayers: Irene was deeply atheist.
1493:Richter, F.; Wagmann, M.; Zehringer, M. (2012).
729:Comité National de l'Union des Femmes Françaises
1281:
512:. Though their experiments identified both the
3159:
1474:. Royal Society of Chemistry. 27 November 2006
329:) to win the Nobel Prize, while adding to the
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3145:
1745:
1725:Artificial Production of Radioactive Elements
1242:Rayner-Canham, Marelene and Geoffrey (1997).
1241:
1143:Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation
1013:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
915:"Nobel Prize facts: 'Family Nobel Laureates'"
367:. She died in Paris on 17 March 1956 from an
365:Provisional Government of the French Republic
348:in 1936. Both children of the Joliot-Curies,
1702:Newspaper clippings about Irène Joliot-Curie
831:Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
686:Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
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16:French scientist and politician (1897–1956)
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1558:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1499:CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry
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1079:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
31:
3605:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Monument in Lublin
1623:"BARNARD MEDAL GOES TO THE JOLIOT-CURIES"
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1400:
787:World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace
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1296:
1051:(First ed.). New York. p. 21.
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491:
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1267:Irène Joliot-Curie (12 December 1935).
1166:. Great Neck Publishing. pp. 1–2.
645:. She had been accidentally exposed to
544:of atoms as solid spherical particles.
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301:and politician, the elder daughter of
3659:Marie Curie: The Courage of Knowledge
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699:caused Irène to later be detained on
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3744:20th-century French women scientists
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592:(i.e. helium nuclei) resulted in an
3651:Marie Curie, une femme sur le front
1432:Rayner-Canham, Marelene F. (1997).
1425:
1401:Zielinski, Sarah (3 October 2011).
1047:Shelley., Emling (21 August 2012).
705:Joint Antifascist Refugee Committee
363:(CEA) created by de Gaulle and the
13:
1652:
1526:Shelley, Emling (21 August 2012).
1336:
1198:
1180:
1106:
1027:
836:
661:
344:for Scientific Research under the
14:
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3574:Pierre and Marie Curie University
3569:Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
3549:IEEE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Award
1695:
1376:McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch (1998).
1326:"Frederic and Irene Joliot-Curie"
1146:
1087:
716:Commissariat à l'énergie atomique
631:Commissariat à l'énergie atomique
400:'s two daughters. Her sister was
356:, are also prominent scientists.
3701:
3689:
3628:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Medallion
1982:
1413:from the original on 28 May 2023
744:
448:Irène and her mother and sister
253:
3774:French people of Polish descent
1615:
1579:
1566:
1519:
1460:
1394:
1318:
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1260:
937:"Nobel Laureates Facts - Women"
848:Officer of the Legion of Honor.
536:in 1897, they finally replaced
317:in 1935 for their discovery of
109:
3834:Paris-Saclay University people
3754:Deaths from leukemia in France
3739:20th-century French physicists
1119:
995:
982:
954:
929:
907:
872:List of female Nobel laureates
753:The Joliot-Curies in the 1940s
594:unstable isotope of phosphorus
439:
1:
3559:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Bridge
3469:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Museum
900:
768:Between 1941 and 1943 during
654:, which is now a part of the
560:
3794:Nobel laureates in Chemistry
3734:20th-century French chemists
1530:(First ed.). New York.
887:Timeline of women in science
382:
7:
3564:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Park
1706:20th Century Press Archives
1586:Denis Brian (August 2005).
865:
487:
10:
3850:
3824:University of Paris alumni
3819:French socialist feminists
992:(consulté le 8 avril 2012)
852:Her name was added to the
783:French Academy of Sciences
772:, Joliot-Curie contracted
693:Russian Academy of Science
576:, radioactive isotopes of
371:linked to her exposure to
323:second-ever married couple
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3452:Treatise on Radioactivity
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2489:
2230:
1991:
1980:
1771:
1403:"Six Secrets of Polonium"
1246:. MQUP. pp. 97–123.
809:Joliot-Curie's daughter,
652:Orsay Faculty of Sciences
252:
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145:Nobel Prize for Chemistry
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119:
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42:
30:
23:
2906:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
2185:Wendell Meredith Stanley
1765:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1659:Opfell, Olga S. (1978).
1192:Chemical Industry Digest
1162:Hicks, Jennifer (2006).
917:. Nobel Foundation. 2008
792:
388:Early life and education
315:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
3789:French women physicists
3643:Les Palmes de M. Schutz
1512:10.2533/chimia.2012.131
1468:"Q&A: Polonium-210"
1330:Encyclopædia Britannica
656:Paris-Saclay University
272:[iʁɛnʒɔljokyʁi]
3769:French Nobel laureates
3759:French women activists
3499:Hélène Langevin-Joliot
3278:Nobel Prize recipients
3255:Physiology or Medicine
3070:Emmanuelle Charpentier
3058:M. Stanley Whittingham
2029:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
825:, went on to become a
821:. Joliot-Curie's son,
813:, went on to become a
811:Hélène Langevin-Joliot
754:
564:
501:
452:
307:Marie Skłodowska–Curie
3829:Women Nobel laureates
3814:Scientists from Paris
3784:French women chemists
3517:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
3179:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
2440:Christian B. Anfinsen
2080:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
1194:– via ProQuest.
961:Chatterjee, Debjani.
817:and professor at the
752:
568:creating radioactive
558:
495:
447:
415:Irène and her sister
319:induced radioactivity
311:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
98:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
3621:Marie Curie Gargoyle
3102:Karl Barry Sharpless
2599:Dudley R. Herschbach
2424:Luis Federico Leloir
1574:Joliot-Curie, Irène.
1407:Smithsonian Magazine
1285:(12 December 1935).
1127:"Irene Joliet-Curie"
1109:"Irene Joliot-Curie"
882:Stefania Maracineanu
650:laboratories at the
580:from aluminium, and
532:'s discovery of the
3094:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
3006:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
2743:Jens Christian Skou
2711:F. Sherwood Rowland
2623:Charles J. Pedersen
2587:Herbert A. Hauptman
2280:Vincent du Vigneaud
1897:Richard Willstätter
1781:Jacobus van 't Hoff
1306:Byers; Moszkowski.
819:University of Paris
733:World Peace Council
522:Carl David Anderson
331:Curie family legacy
190:University of Paris
86:University of Paris
3513:(Pierre's brother)
3511:Paul-Jacques Curie
3487:Irène Joliot-Curie
3225:Carl von Ossietzky
3185:Irène Joliot-Curie
3054:John B. Goodenough
2982:William E. Moerner
2862:Richard R. Schrock
2834:Roderick MacKinnon
2806:K. Barry Sharpless
2631:Johann Deisenhofer
2460:Geoffrey Wilkinson
2456:Ernst Otto Fischer
2380:Robert S. Mulliken
2316:Jaroslav Heyrovský
2264:Hermann Staudinger
2084:Irène Joliot-Curie
1717:on Nobelprize.org
1715:Irène Joliot-Curie
1627:The New York Times
1164:Irène Joliot-Curie
877:Women in chemistry
755:
678:Republican faction
658:, south of Paris.
565:
502:
453:
321:, making them the
309:, and the wife of
264:Irène Joliot-Curie
25:Irène Joliot-Curie
3779:French socialists
3677:
3676:
3554:Marie Curie Medal
3446:Curie's principle
3410:Mean-field theory
3405:Curie temperature
3342:
3341:
3127:
3126:
3110:Moungi G. Bawendi
3030:Richard Henderson
2874:Roger D. Kornberg
2842:Aaron Ciechanover
2675:Rudolph A. Marcus
2579:Robert Merrifield
2515:Peter D. Mitchell
2288:Cyril Hinshelwood
2049:Friedrich Bergius
1973:Richard Zsigmondy
1889:Theodore Richards
1837:Ernest Rutherford
1690:
1629:. 18 March 1940.
1594:. Wiley. p.
1445:978-0-7735-6658-3
815:nuclear physicist
682:Spanish Civil War
598:positron emission
550:Solvay Conference
327:after her parents
261:
260:
234:Doctoral students
156:Scientific career
57:12 September 1897
3841:
3804:Nuclear chemists
3706:
3705:
3704:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3415:Piezoelectricity
3369:
3362:
3355:
3346:
3345:
3280:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3131:
3130:
3120:
3118:Alexei I. Ekimov
3104:
3098:Morten P. Meldal
3088:
3076:
3064:
3048:
3032:
3022:Jacques Dubochet
3016:
3000:
2984:
2968:
2952:
2946:Robert Lefkowitz
2940:
2932:
2916:
2910:Thomas A. Steitz
2900:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2858:Robert H. Grubbs
2852:
2836:
2824:
2808:
2781:
2779:Hideki Shirakawa
2765:
2757:
2745:
2729:
2713:
2697:
2689:
2677:
2669:
2667:Richard R. Ernst
2661:
2653:
2641:
2625:
2609:
2593:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2545:
2543:Frederick Sanger
2529:
2523:Herbert C. Brown
2517:
2509:
2501:
2499:William Lipscomb
2482:
2470:
2462:
2450:
2434:
2432:Gerhard Herzberg
2426:
2418:
2406:
2398:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2346:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2308:Frederick Sanger
2302:
2294:
2292:Nikolay Semyonov
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2246:
2244:Glenn T. Seaborg
2223:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2171:
2169:Artturi Virtanen
2163:
2155:
2153:George de Hevesy
2147:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2114:
2106:
2094:
2086:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2059:
2051:
2039:
2031:
2019:
2011:
2009:Heinrich Wieland
2003:
2001:Theodor Svedberg
1986:
1985:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1813:Adolf von Baeyer
1807:
1799:
1797:Svante Arrhenius
1791:
1783:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1689:
1682:
1666:
1646:
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1643:
1641:
1619:
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1392:
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1303:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1279:
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1272:
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1258:
1257:
1239:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1159:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1129:. Archived from
1123:
1117:
1116:
1115:on 14 July 2007.
1111:. Archived from
1107:Hussey, George.
1104:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1070:
1044:
1025:
1024:
1012:
999:
993:
991:
986:
980:
979:
977:
975:
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
941:Nobel Foundation
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
911:
765:, born in 1932.
738:Légion d'honneur
562:
474:Radium Institute
428:to complete her
292:
282:
281:
280:
274:
269:
257:
223:Doctoral advisor
217:
195:Radium Institute
150:
113:
111:
72:
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3764:French atheists
3714:
3713:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3680:
3678:
3673:
3593:
3534:Curie Institute
3522:
3501:(granddaughter)
3473:
3457:
3434:
3400:Curie–Weiss law
3383:
3373:
3343:
3338:
3276:
3268:
3249:
3246:(Great Britain)
3230:
3211:
3190:
3165:
3158:
3128:
3123:
3107:
3091:
3082:David MacMillan
3079:
3074:Jennifer Doudna
3067:
3051:
3035:
3019:
3010:Fraser Stoddart
3003:
2994:Paul L. Modrich
2987:
2971:
2955:
2943:
2935:
2930:Ei-ichi Negishi
2922:Richard F. Heck
2919:
2903:
2890:Osamu Shimomura
2887:
2879:
2871:
2855:
2839:
2827:
2811:
2798:William Knowles
2795:
2784:
2775:Alan MacDiarmid
2768:
2760:
2748:
2732:
2727:Richard Smalley
2716:
2703:Paul J. Crutzen
2700:
2692:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2644:
2628:
2619:Jean-Marie Lehn
2612:
2596:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2548:
2532:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2485:
2480:Vladimir Prelog
2473:
2465:
2453:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2409:
2401:
2385:
2377:
2372:Robert Woodward
2369:
2364:Dorothy Hodgkin
2361:
2349:
2337:
2329:
2321:
2313:
2305:
2297:
2285:
2277:
2269:
2261:
2249:
2237:
2226:
2214:
2209:William Giauque
2206:
2198:
2193:Robert Robinson
2190:
2177:James B. Sumner
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2124:Leopold Ružička
2120:Adolf Butenandt
2117:
2109:
2097:
2089:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2057:Irving Langmuir
2054:
2042:
2034:
2022:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1942:Frederick Soddy
1939:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1869:Victor Grignard
1866:
1858:
1850:
1845:Wilhelm Ostwald
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1767:
1758:
1698:
1679:
1655:
1653:Further reading
1650:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1567:
1551:
1550:
1538:
1524:
1520:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1472:Chemistry World
1466:
1465:
1461:
1446:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1374:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1304:
1297:
1289:
1283:Frédéric Joliot
1280:
1276:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1240:
1199:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1160:
1147:
1136:
1134:
1133:on 14 July 2007
1125:
1124:
1120:
1105:
1088:
1072:
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1021:
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996:
989:
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973:
971:
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955:
945:
943:
935:
934:
930:
920:
918:
913:
912:
908:
903:
868:
839:
837:Notable honours
795:
747:
707:'s invitation.
697:Communist Party
668:Socialist Party
664:
662:Political views
622:nuclear fission
613:Fritz Strassman
590:alpha particles
506:Frédéric Joliot
490:
442:
422:Collège Sévigné
410:The Cooperative
390:
385:
276:
275:
267:
215:
199:
178:
149:(1935; jointly)
148:
147:
136:
115:
112: 1926)
107:
103:
100:
82:Alma mater
77:
74:
70:
61:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3847:
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3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3711:
3710:
3698:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3663:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
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3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
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3490:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
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3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
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3440:
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3427:
3422:
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3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3372:
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3357:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3244:James Chadwick
3240:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3192:
3191:
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3182:
3175:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3105:
3089:
3077:
3065:
3049:
3042:Gregory Winter
3038:Frances Arnold
3033:
3017:
3001:
2985:
2969:
2962:Michael Levitt
2958:Martin Karplus
2953:
2941:
2933:
2917:
2901:
2898:Roger Y. Tsien
2894:Martin Chalfie
2885:
2877:
2869:
2853:
2837:
2825:
2809:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2771:Alan J. Heeger
2766:
2758:
2746:
2739:John E. Walker
2730:
2714:
2698:
2690:
2678:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2642:
2639:Hartmut Michel
2626:
2615:Donald J. Cram
2610:
2594:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2555:Roald Hoffmann
2546:
2539:Walter Gilbert
2530:
2518:
2510:
2507:Ilya Prigogine
2502:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2476:John Cornforth
2471:
2463:
2451:
2444:Stanford Moore
2435:
2427:
2419:
2407:
2399:
2392:Ronald Norrish
2383:
2375:
2367:
2359:
2347:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2303:
2300:Alexander Todd
2295:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2247:
2240:Edwin McMillan
2234:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2115:
2107:
2100:Norman Haworth
2095:
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2040:
2032:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1934:Walther Nernst
1929:
1922:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1829:Eduard Buchner
1824:
1816:
1808:
1805:William Ramsay
1800:
1792:
1784:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1757:
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1734:
1728:
1727:
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1697:
1696:External links
1694:
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721:Institut Curie
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526:James Chadwick
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342:undersecretary
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3506:
3505:Pierre Joliot
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3425:Radioactivity
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1020:0-521-82197-5
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823:Pierre Joliot
820:
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764:
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745:Personal life
742:
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530:J. J. Thomson
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411:
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406:Paul Langevin
403:
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346:Popular Front
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228:Paul Langevin
226:
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99:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
76:Paris, France
69:17 March 1956
68:
64:
60:Paris, France
45:
41:
37:Curie in 1921
34:
29:
22:
19:
3749:Curie family
3665:
3657:
3649:
3641:
3635:Madame Curie
3633:
3626:
3619:
3584:Curie Island
3519:(son-in-law)
3486:
3450:
3439:Publications
3308:
3263:Hans Spemann
3184:
3046:George Smith
2926:Akira Suzuki
2882:Gerhard Ertl
2866:Yves Chauvin
2814:John B. Fenn
2802:Ryoji Noyori
2789:2001–present
2763:Ahmed Zewail
2723:Harold Kroto
2707:Mario Molina
2635:Robert Huber
2607:John Polanyi
2591:Jerome Karle
2527:Georg Wittig
2412:Derek Barton
2404:Lars Onsager
2356:Giulio Natta
2352:Karl Ziegler
2344:John Kendrew
2112:Richard Kuhn
2083:
2037:Hans Fischer
1853:Otto Wallach
1789:Emil Fischer
1724:
1686:
1662:
1640:10 September
1638:. Retrieved
1626:
1617:
1609:
1589:
1581:
1568:
1527:
1521:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1476:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1434:
1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1406:
1396:
1377:
1329:
1320:
1277:
1262:
1243:
1191:
1163:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:the original
1121:
1113:the original
1048:
1008:
997:
984:
972:. Retrieved
966:
956:
944:. Retrieved
931:
919:. Retrieved
909:
892:
853:
851:
808:
804:
800:polonium-210
796:
779:
774:tuberculosis
770:World War II
767:
756:
736:
728:
726:
719:
715:
713:
709:
701:Ellis Island
690:
685:
671:
665:
640:
629:
626:
617:Lise Meitner
606:
566:
546:
503:
470:
454:
414:
391:
358:
339:
335:
303:Pierre Curie
289:
263:
262:
238:Her children
237:
209:
183:Institutions
155:
71:(1956-03-17)
18:
3729:1956 deaths
3724:1897 births
3670:(2019 film)
3667:Radioactive
3662:(2016 film)
3654:(2014 film)
3646:(1997 film)
3638:(1943 film)
3395:Curie's law
3388:Discoveries
3162:Nobel Prize
3014:Ben Feringa
2998:Aziz Sancar
2978:Stefan Hell
2974:Eric Betzig
2751:Walter Kohn
2719:Robert Curl
2695:George Olah
2683:Kary Mullis
2659:Elias Corey
2651:Thomas Cech
2603:Yuan T. Lee
2571:Henry Taube
2104:Paul Karrer
2092:Peter Debye
2072:Harold Urey
1958:Fritz Pregl
1919:Fritz Haber
1861:Marie Curie
1478:4 September
1417:17 November
1003:Byers, Nina
990:(in French)
921:4 September
893:Radioactive
862:, Germany.
858:erected in
538:John Dalton
498:Marie Curie
478:alpha decay
440:World War I
434:World War I
408:, to form "
47:Irène Curie
3718:Categories
3598:Depictions
3589:7000 Curie
3507:(grandson)
3495:(daughter)
3489:(daughter)
3196:Literature
2850:Irwin Rose
2830:Peter Agre
2755:John Pople
2563:Aaron Klug
2468:Paul Flory
2416:Odd Hassel
2340:Max Perutz
2221:Kurt Alder
2217:Otto Diels
2045:Carl Bosch
1678:0810811618
1505:(3): 131.
1253:0941901157
1137:19 October
901:References
827:biochemist
731:) and the
602:beta decay
578:phosphorus
496:Irène and
53:1897-09-12
3708:Chemistry
3696:Biography
3527:Namesakes
3493:Ève Curie
3265:(Germany)
3227:(Germany)
3171:Chemistry
3164:laureates
2535:Paul Berg
2490:1976–2000
2231:1951–1975
2161:Otto Hahn
1992:1926–1950
1772:1901–1925
1761:Laureates
1635:0362-4331
1554:cite book
1546:760974704
1454:191818978
1075:cite book
1067:760974704
946:7 October
609:Otto Hahn
586:magnesium
450:Ève Curie
383:Biography
299:physicist
248:Signature
169:Chemistry
3420:Polonium
3187:(France)
3181:(France)
1411:Archived
866:See also
647:polonium
643:leukemia
570:nitrogen
534:electron
516:and the
514:positron
510:positron
488:Research
482:polonium
426:Sorbonne
373:polonium
120:Children
3682:Portals
3462:Museums
3236:Physics
1763:of the
1708:of the
1704:in the
1669:165–182
860:Hamburg
680:in the
582:silicon
559:Curie,
518:neutron
500:in 1925
295:chemist
268:French:
174:physics
114:
106:
102:
3544:Curium
3479:Family
3430:Radium
3380:Pierre
3108:2023:
3092:2022:
3080:2021:
3068:2020:
3052:2019:
3036:2018:
3020:2017:
3004:2016:
2988:2015:
2972:2014:
2956:2013:
2944:2012:
2936:2011:
2920:2010:
2904:2009:
2888:2008:
2880:2007:
2872:2006:
2856:2005:
2840:2004:
2828:2003:
2812:2002:
2796:2001:
2769:2000:
2761:1999:
2749:1998:
2733:1997:
2717:1996:
2701:1995:
2693:1994:
2681:1993:
2673:1992:
2665:1991:
2657:1990:
2645:1989:
2629:1988:
2613:1987:
2597:1986:
2585:1985:
2577:1984:
2569:1983:
2561:1982:
2549:1981:
2533:1980:
2521:1979:
2513:1978:
2505:1977:
2497:1976:
2474:1975:
2466:1974:
2454:1973:
2438:1972:
2430:1971:
2422:1970:
2410:1969:
2402:1968:
2386:1967:
2378:1966:
2370:1965:
2362:1964:
2350:1963:
2338:1962:
2330:1961:
2322:1960:
2314:1959:
2306:1958:
2298:1957:
2286:1956:
2278:1955:
2270:1954:
2262:1953:
2250:1952:
2238:1951:
2215:1950:
2207:1949:
2199:1948:
2191:1947:
2175:1946:
2167:1945:
2159:1944:
2151:1943:
2118:1939:
2110:1938:
2098:1937:
2090:1936:
2078:1935:
2070:1934:
2055:1932:
2043:1931:
2035:1930:
2023:1929:
2015:1928:
2007:1927:
1999:1926:
1971:1925:
1956:1923:
1948:1922:
1940:1921:
1932:1920:
1917:1918:
1895:1915:
1887:1914:
1879:1913:
1867:1912:
1859:1911:
1851:1910:
1843:1909:
1835:1908:
1827:1907:
1819:1906:
1811:1905:
1803:1904:
1795:1903:
1787:1902:
1779:1901:
1687:BibNum
1675:
1633:
1602:
1544:
1534:
1452:
1442:
1384:
1250:
1170:
1065:
1055:
1017:
974:1 June
896:(film)
763:Pierre
759:Hélène
466:Amiens
464:, and
458:Furnes
398:Pierre
377:X-rays
354:Pierre
350:Hélène
288:
216:(1925)
214:
205:Thesis
162:Fields
141:Awards
132:Pierre
127:Hélène
92:Spouse
3539:Curie
3382:Curie
3376:Marie
3309:1935
3217:Peace
3160:1935
1290:(PDF)
793:Death
584:from
574:boron
572:from
563:1920s
542:model
462:Ypres
394:Marie
290:Curie
108:(
104:
3378:and
3334:1940
3329:1939
3324:1938
3319:1937
3314:1936
3304:1934
3299:1933
3294:1932
3289:1931
3284:1930
3208:None
3200:1935
2145:1942
2138:1941
2131:1940
2064:1933
1965:1924
1926:1919
1911:1917
1904:1916
1673:ISBN
1642:2020
1631:ISSN
1600:ISBN
1560:link
1542:OCLC
1532:ISBN
1480:2008
1450:OCLC
1440:ISBN
1419:2023
1382:ISBN
1248:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1139:2012
1081:link
1063:OCLC
1053:ISBN
1015:ISBN
976:2021
968:NDTV
948:2017
923:2008
611:and
524:and
460:and
420:the
396:and
375:and
352:and
305:and
66:Died
43:Born
1710:ZBW
1596:389
1507:doi
1312:CWP
829:at
688:.
636:Zoé
600:or
540:'s
480:of
417:Ève
402:Ève
286:née
3720::
3116:/
3112:/
3100:/
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3084:/
3072:/
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3056:/
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3040:/
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1552:{{
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325:(
266:(
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51:(
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