Iranian Americans - Knowledge

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foreign countries. Iranian students, most of whom had learned English as a second language in Iran, were highly desirable as new students at colleges and universities in the United States. By the mid-1970s, nearly half of all Iranian students who studied abroad did so in the United States. By 1975, the Institute of International Education's annual foreign student census figures listed Iranian students as the largest group of foreign students in the United States, amounting to a total of 9% of all foreign students in the country. As the Iranian economy continued to rise steadily in the 70s, it enabled many more Iranians to travel abroad freely. Consequently, the number of Iranian visitors to the United States also increased considerably, from 35,088, in 1975, to 98,018, in 1977. During the 1977–78 academic year, of about 100,000 Iranian students abroad, 36,220 were enrolled in American institutions of higher learning. During the 1978–79 academic year, on the eve of the revolution, the number of Iranian students enrolled in American institutions rose to 45,340, and in 1979–80, that number reached a peak of 51,310. At that time, according to the

1596:(SBA) conducted a study that found Iranian immigrants among the top 20 immigrant groups with the highest rate of business ownership, contributing substantially to the U.S. economy. According to the report, there were 33,570 active and contributing Iranian American business owners in the U.S., with a 21.5% business ownership rate. The study also found that the total net business income generated by Iranian Americans was $ 2.56 billion. Almost one in three Iranian-American households have annual incomes of more than $ 100,000 (compared to one in five for the overall U.S. population). Ali Mostasahri, a founding member of the Iranian Studies Group, offers a reason for the relative success of Iranian-Americans compared to other immigrants. He believes that, unlike many other immigrants who left their home countries because of economic hardships, Iranians left due to social or religious reasons like the 1979 revolution. About 50 percent of all working Iranian Americans are in professional and managerial occupations, a percentage greater than any other group in the United States (Bayor, 2011). 1521:

those who are members of religious or ethnic minorities, such as Jews and Armenians. Compared to men, Iranian women are less likely to mix or intermarry outside their group, which, according to the PAAIA, is likely because, as a group, they are more likely to adhere to traditional Iranian values, including making marriages that are approved by their families and are within Iranian cultural norms. Regarding language proficiency in the United States among its immigrant groups, the first generation principally speaks their native language, the second generation speaks both English and their parents' language, and the third generation typically speaks only English, while maintaining a knowledge of some isolated words and phrases from their ancestral tongue. The Iranian American community follows this pattern.

520:(ACS) estimate found 470,341 Americans with full or partial Iranian ancestry. However, most experts believe that this is a problem of underrepresenting due to the fact that "many community members have been reluctant in identifying themselves as such because of the problems between Iran and the United States in the past two decades." and also because many were ethnic minorities (Jewish, Armenian, and Assyrian Iranians) who instead identify as the ethnic group they are part of rather than as Iranians. Estimates of 1,000,000 and above are given by many Iranian and non-Iranian organizations, media, and scholars. Kenneth Katzman, specialist in Middle Eastern affairs and part of the 8863: 502: 3583:... the majority of the participants self-identified themselves as Persian instead of Iranian, due to the stereotypes and negative portrayals of Iranians in the media and politics. Adolescents from Jewish and Baha'i faiths asserted their religious identity more than their ethnic identity. The fact Iranians use Persian interchangeably is nothing to do with current Iranian government because the name Iran was used before this period as well. Linguistically modern Persian is a branch of Old Persian in the family of Indo-European languages and that includes all the minorities as well more inclusively. 3680:

Lurs, Turkamans, Arabs, as well as tribes such as Ghasghaie, and Bakhtiari), linguistic/dialogic background (Persian, Azari, Gialki, Mazandarani, Kurdish, Arabic, and others). Cultural, religious and political, and various other differences among Iranians reflect their diverse social and interpersonal interactions. Some studies suggest that, despite the existence of subgroup within Iranian immigrants (e.g. various ethno-religious groups), their nationality as Iranians has been an important point of reference and identifiable source of their identification as a group across time and setting.

431:, also known as Hajj Sayyah, was an Iranian who came to North America in the 1800s. He was inspired to travel around the world due to the contradiction between the democratic ideals he read about and how his fellow Iranians were treated by their leaders. He began his travels as a 23-year-old looking for knowledge, to experience the lives of others, and to use that knowledge to help with Iran's progress. His stay in the United States lasted 10 years, and he traveled across the country from New York to San Francisco. He met a variety of influential American figures including President 448:, more students from Iran were enrolled in American universities than from any other foreign country. The pattern of Iranian migration during this phase usually only involved individuals, not whole families. Due to Iran's increasing demand for educated workers in the years before the revolution, the majority of the Iranian students in America intended to return home after graduation to work, especially those who had received financial aid from the Iranian government or from industry on condition of returning to take jobs upon graduation. Due to the drastic events of the 1262: 1645: 1250: 571: 38: 482:. Many students who graduated abroad after the revolution also did not return, due to the ruling clergy's repression. As a result, the educated elite who left Iran after the revolution, and the new graduates in the United States who chose not to return home, created a large pool of highly educated and skilled Iranian professionals in the United States. By 2002, an estimated 1.5 to 2.5 million Iranians lived abroad, mainly in North America and Europe, due to the Islamic government's authoritarian practices. 1235: 2955: 1219: 781: 1660: 8330: 2969: 435:, who met with him on several occasions. On 26 May 1875, Hajj Sayyah became the first Iranian to become an American citizen. He was imprisoned upon his return to Iran for taking a stand against living conditions there. He looked to the United States to protect him but to no avail. During the peak period of worldwide emigration to the United States (1842–1903), only 130 Iranian nationals were known to have immigrated. 1915: 816:. According to extrapolated U.S. Census data and other independent surveys done by Iranian-Americans themselves in 2009, there were an estimated one million Iranian-Americans living in the U.S., with the largest concentration—about 300,000 people—living in the greater Los Angeles area. For this reason, the Westwood, L.A. area, with its Iranian American residents, is sometimes colloquially referred to as " 1615:, that, in 1971, the number of Iranian physicians in the U.S. was 1,625. The authors further studied the causes for immigration by sending questionnaire to all Iranian MDs in the United States. According to the 660 respondents, the main reasons for migration were mandatory two-years' military service, low salaries as compared to the United States, expensive housing, and socio-political reasons. 6344: 4683: 384: 2163:, was a successful businessman operating his own car dealership in Santa Ana. On the night of 8 September 2015, Mazroei began discussing his mother visiting Iran to his girlfriend in a restaurant until Elizabeth Anne Thornburg spat on Mazroei shouting racial slurs. Tanber, who would later be sentenced to life in prison, then proceeded to stab Mazroei resulting in his death. 1517:

successfully assimilating to a new culture and way of living. According to a survey commissioned by the Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans (PAAIA) in 2008, only 21 percent of Iranian-Americans reported interacting mostly with other Iranian Americans outside of their workplace, demonstrating that most of them have successfully integrated into United States society.

1622:(AIM), saying that, post-revolution, the number of Iranian medical school graduates in the United States had grown to 5,045. Those who migrated to the U.S. after the 1979 revolution were mostly experienced physicians who came with their families and an intent to stay permanently. As of 2013, there are 5,050 Iranian medical school graduates in the United States. 1768:

Iran several times a month, and 14% communicated with relatives in Iran several times a year. The survey also indicated that 74% of Iranian American respondents preferred contacting their relatives in Iran via phone calls, but communication over mobile communications apps and internet services had increased to 69% and 66% respectively.

355:, yet this rationale has been criticized as the term "Iran" was widely used before 1979 as well. The term "Iranian" is regarded as more inclusive than "Persian", as the term "Persian" excludes non-Persian ethnic minorities of Iran. While the majority of Iranian-Americans come from Persian backgrounds, there is a significant number of 1965:

dubbed themselves the "international station" and claimed to offer the most diverse ethnic television programming in the early 1980s, including the majority of Iranian American television during this time. Starting on March 15, 1981, the first Iranian diaspora television broadcast show IRTV (acronym

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In 2020, the United States Border Patrol instituted a large scale detention of Iranian Americans at the Canadian border without probable cause. While returning to the U.S. from Canada, Americans of Iranian heritage were detained by border officers. Over 60 Americans of Iranian descent were detained

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Early Iranian diaspora television has been credited with helping form the local community in the United States. As a result of the Iranian Revolution, the first Iranian American television was formed, and with its formation there were existing political factions that were carried over. The dominant

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Iranians have the highest percentage of master's degrees than any other ethnic group in the United States. Iranians have also played a large role in the American education system with over 500 Iranian-American professors teaching at top-ranked U.S. universities which include Massachusetts Institute

1760:, and almost three in ten communicate with their families or friends in Iran at least several times a week. An additional four in ten communicate with their families or friends in Iran at least several times a month. This study indicates an unusually close relationship between Iranian-Americans and 1705:

More recently, the 2019 Zogby International survey, commissioned by the Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, found that one-half of Iranian American respondents consider foreign policy most important when voting. This is a significant increase from the one quarter of Iranian Americans that

1555:, 50.9 percent of Iranian immigrants have attained a bachelor's degree or higher, compared to a 28.0 percent national average. According to the latest census data available, more than one in four Iranian-Americans holds a master's or doctoral degree, the highest rate among 67 ethnic groups studied. 827:

estimated 200,000 Iranian Americans were living in California; and by 1991 the estimate jumped to 800,000, however the accuracy of these numbers could be debated due to a lack of data. In 1990, Los Angeles had a larger population of religious minorities than Muslims, who were the religious majority

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In the updated 2019 PAAIA survey, 15% of Iranian American respondents reported contacting with friends and family in Iran daily, while 26% of respondents communicated with relatives in Iran several times a week. Additionally, 26% of Iranian American respondents contacted with family and friends in

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According to previous studies, the presence of heterogeneity is evident among Iranian immigrants (also known as Persians – Iran was known as Persia until 1935) who came from myriads of religious (Muslim, Christian, Jewish, Armenian, Assyrian, Baha'i and Zoroastrian), ethnic (Turk, Kurds, Baluchs,

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Though Iranian-Americans have historically excelled in business, academia, and the sciences, they have traditionally shied away from participating in American politics or other civic activities. Iranian-Americans do not appear to engage in American politics, as demonstrated by survey results from

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The intermarriage rate is very high among Iranian Americans. It has been estimated that nearly 50 percent of Iranian-Americans who married between 1995 and 2007 married non-Iranian Americans. Research has furthermore indicated that Iranian-Americans who are Muslim are more open to intermarry than

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Most experts believe that the underrepresented number of Iranian Americans in the ACS is a problem due to the fact that "many community members have been reluctant in identifying themselves as such because of the problems between Iran and the United States in the past two decades." Estimations of

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The first wave of Iranian migration to the United States occurred from the late 1940s to 1977, or 1979. The United States was an attractive destination for students, as American universities offered some of the best programs in engineering and other fields, and were eager to attract students from

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The exiles were disproportionately members of religious and ethnic minorities, such as the Bahai'is, Jews, Armenians, and Assyrians. Also in the second wave were young men who fled military service and the Iran–Iraq war, followed by young women and families who came for educational and political

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and democracy in Iran is the most important issue relating to Iran–U.S. relations. About the same percentage believe diplomacy is the foreign policy approach towards Iran that would be in the best interest of the United States. 84% support establishing a U.S. Interest Section in Iran. Nearly all

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Four benchmarks are traditionally used to measure assimilation: language proficiency, intermarriage, spatial concentration, and socio-economic status. Per these criteria, one can determine with a significant degree of confidence that the Iranian-American community has made significant strides in

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during the Pahlavi period, it was now predominantly an involuntary emigration of a relatively large number of middle- and upper-class families, including the movement of a considerable amount of wealth. During and after the revolution, most students did not return to Iran, and those who did were

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Prior to the revolution, the 1,626 physicians migrated to the United States were 15% of all Iranian medical school graduates, while the 5,045 medical graduates who migrated post-Islamic Revolution represent only 5% of total Iranian medical graduates. This is not indicative of the entire United

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The earliest Iranian people in the U.S. were mostly young trainees who worked as medical interns or residents. Some established themselves to continue practice beyond the residency stage. Their motives to extend their stay in the United States were more for professional than economic reasons.

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war with Iraq transformed Iran's class structure, politically, socially, and economically." The revolution drastically changed the pattern and nature of Iranian emigration to the United States, while the Iran-Iraq War that ensued afterwards was also another factor that forced many of the

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A 2012 national telephone survey of a sample of 400 Iranian-Americans in the Los Angeles area, commissioned by the Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans and conducted by Zogby Research Services, asked the respondents what their religions were. The survey had a cooperation rate of

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instituted by the Trump administration in 2017, received opposition from 76% of respondents. In contrast, only 16% of respondents supported the ban. The survey states that 70% of respondents have been personally affected by the travel ban, or had family and friends affected by the ban.

340:, in formal correspondence. Since then the use of the word "Iran" has become more common in Western countries. This also changed the usage of the terms for Iranian nationality, and the common adjective for citizens of Iran changed from "Persian" to "Iranian." In 1959, the government of 1583:

showed that Armenians from Iran (Iranian-Armenians) are known for quick integration into American society: for example, only 31% of Armenian Americans born in Iran claim not to speak English well, while those Armenians from other nations were shown to have less success at integrating.

1950:-specific shows in Farsi). Most all programming was non religious, and this was reflecting the population of more minority religions of Los Angeles. There are no reliable statistics on viewership because "Middle Eastern" and Iranian wasn't defined by rating services (such as 1697:

The same 2008 PAAIA poll indicates that more than half of Iranian Americans cite domestic U.S. issues, including issues that are not unique to Iranian Americans, as the most important to them. In contrast, one quarter of Iranian Americans cite foreign policy issues involving

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A further notable aspect of the migration in this phase is that members of religious and ethnic minorities were starting to become disproportionally represented among the Iranian American community, most notably Baháʼís, Jews, Armenians, and Assyrians. According to the

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The Iranian Revolution resulted in many Iranians fleeing to America in the late 1970s, where, forty years later, Iranian immigrants have become a major force in Silicon Valley as investors, executives, and creators. Iranians have been founders or senior executives at

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which followed a group of six Iranian American friends in Los Angeles who try to juggle their active social lives and careers while also balancing the demands of their families and traditions; the show was accused of racism and relaying on stereotypes in a petition.

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A 2012 national telephone survey of a sample of 400 Iranian-Americans, commissioned by the Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans and conducted by Zogby Research Services, asked the respondents what their religions were. The responses broke down as follows:

452:, the students ended up staying in the United States as refugees. These several thousand visitors and students unintentionally became the basis of the cultural, economic, and social networks that would enable large-scale immigration in the years that followed. 2091:, was founded in 2017 and was the first program specifically focused on Iranian diaspora (which includes Iranian Americans). The center offers grants, fellowships, and scholarships, as well as scholarly lecture series, research, and creative performances. 685:(MIT), Iranian Americans are most likely far more numerous in the United States than census data indicate. The group estimates that the number of Iranian Americans may have topped 691,000 in 2004—more than twice the figure of 338,000 cited in the 2000 1817:

and will not allow the Swiss to provide protective services for U.S. citizens who are also Iranian nationals. The Iranian authorities make the determination of a dual national's Iranian citizenship without regard to personal wishes. In 2016, the U.S.

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who were born in Iran are living in the U.S. However this number only represents Iranian born population who moved to the U.S. at some point and does not include the number of U.S.-born Iranian-Americans and other groups with Iranian ancestors.

1942:, this was not due to political sponsorship, but rather due to market support. Up until 1992, most all Iranian American television programming was in the Farsi language with exceptions to Assyrian and Armenian languages (this included for 1141:. The George Bush Presidential Library has a gallery named after him. Iranians in Houston particularly came under the spotlight when Iranian student and activist Gelareh Bagherzadeh was murdered in Houston in 2012. The perpetrator, 2924:

and the first Iranian-American elected to any statewide office. Champaign County (Ohio) elected Fereidoun Shokouhi to the public office of Champaign County Engineer in 1995. He served until his retirement in 2012. Following the

678:, in 2012, stated that there are an estimated 1,500,000 Iranians in the United States. The Iranian interest section in Washington D.C., in 2003, claimed to hold passport information for approximately 900,000 Iranians in the US. 550:

stated that there were an estimated 1,500,000 Iranians in the United States in 2012. The Iranian interest section in Washington, D.C., in 2003 claimed to hold passport information for approximately 900,000 Iranians in the US.

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in Los Angeles. Other early Iranian American television programs included Nadar Rafii's Midnight Show; Parviz Sayyad's Parsian TV (on KSCI-TV); Hamid Shabkhiz's Iran; and Manuchehr Bibian's (also known as Manouchehr Bibiyan)

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According to Hakimzadeh and Dixon in 2006, members of religious and ethnic minorities such as Baháʼís, Jews, Armenians, and Assyrians were disproportionately represented amongst the early exiles of the 1978–1979 revolution.

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lawsuit accusing the bank of discriminating against an Iranian American employee. The government accused the firm of refusing to promote and later firing this employee on the basis of his national origin and religion.

7699:"In later years he moved Memphis, Tennessee to pursue his music career. However this was unsuccessful. His son has got him covered: System of a Down's artist of choice is Vartan Malakian, the guitarist's dad" 6893: 1713:'s Iranian foreign policy negatively. In 2017, the Trump administration put strict travel restrictions on travel to the United States from several countries, including Iran. The survey indicates that this 8862: 1797:

The U.S. government does not have diplomatic or consular relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran and therefore cannot provide protection or routine consular services to U.S. citizens in Iran. The

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for a private visit in April 2019. And San Antonio and Austin each are said to have 3000-5000 Iranian American residents each, who are mostly attracted to large academic centers of excellence such as

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have experienced or personally know Iranian Americans who have experienced discrimination due to their ethnicity, religion, or country of origin. The most common types of discrimination reported are

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in retaliation against Bagherzadeh's encouragement of Irsan's daughter to leave Islam and marry a Christian man. The other notable Iranian in Texas that gained national attention in recent years was

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An August 2008 Zogby International poll, commissioned by the Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, found that approximately one-half of Iranian Americans identified themselves as registered

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Racial and Ethnic Relations in America, Carl Leon Bankston,"Therefore, Turkish and Iranian (Persian) Americans, who are Muslims but not ethnically Arabs, are often mistakenly..", Salem Press, 2000

757:, New York, is said to have the largest concentration of Iranians in the United States (nearly 30%). However, unlike the population in Los Angeles, the Great Neck population is almost exclusively 1298:, which included a disproportionate share of Iran's religious minorities, as well as subsequent ex-Muslim asylum seekers and other conversions away from Islam. Many Iranian Americans identify as 1605: 4998: 3201: 6223:

Executive Order 13769 of January 27, 2017: Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States. Executive Office of the President. 82 FR 8977–8982. February 1, 2017.

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39. Ronaghy HA, Williams KN, Baker TD, Emigration of Iranian Physicians to the United States, A Ten-Year Follow-up of Graduates of Shiraz Medical School. Pahlavi Med J. 1973; 4:174–193.

1954:), however the Los Angeles Times estimated by 1991 the Iranian American population was roughly 800,000 which would indicate the opening of a new share of the television viewing market. 2862: 1671:

In Los Angeles, Iranian Americans paid for a billboard to inform thousands of travelers on the 405 freeway of how the Iranian regime had murdered ten thousand political prisoners.

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origin "tend to have the highest socioeconomic status... while those from Turkey have the lowest", although Turkish Armenians boast the highest rate of self-employment. In 1988, a

3300: 2858: 5641: 1496:, while 13,298 were issued one in 2016. In 2015, 10,344 Iranians became naturalized, with a further 9,507 in 2016. Nearly all Iranians who reside in the United States are either 490:, there were 123,000 Americans of Iranian ancestry at that time. Between 1980 and 1990, the number of foreign-born people from Iran in the United States increased by 74 percent. 6728: 5836: 6065: 5617: 367:

within the Iranian-American community, leading some scholars to believe that the label "Iranian" is more inclusive, since the label "Persian" excludes non-Persian minorities.

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In Los Angeles, Persians have become the largest ethnic group in many Los Angeles' wealthiest enclaves including Bel Air, Beverly Hills, Tarzana, Encino, and Woodland Hills.

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Although Iranians have lived in the United States in relatively small numbers since the 1930s, a large number of Iranian-Americans immigrated to the United States after the

1826:. In some instances, foreigners, in particular dual nationals of Iran and Western countries including the United States, have been detained or prevented from leaving Iran. 493:

The revolution caused a drastic change in the Iranian culture. Iran was no longer a thriving country. This is part of the reason so many Iranians began to flee to America.

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Ronaghy HA, Cahill K Baker TD, Physician Migration to the United States: One Country's Transfusion is Another Country's Hemorrhage. J Am Med Assoc. 1974: 227: 538–542

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all have large communities of Iranian Americans (much of the Iranian population in Glendale being of Armenian descent); 26% of the total population of Beverly Hills is

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1,000,000 and above are given by many Iranian and non-Iranian organizations, media, and scholars. Kenneth Katzman, specialist in Middle Eastern affairs and part of the

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origin; and, apart from identifying as Iranian, a number amongst them also strongly self-identifies as Armenian or Assyrian, rather than as (or apart from) Iranian.

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and the presence of large energy companies. Houston contains a Persian business district including shops and restaurants that has been dubbed "Little Persia" by the

660:, estimated their number at over 1,000,000 in published December 2015. Historians Paul Harvey and Edward Blum estimate their number at 1,000,000 in 2012, as well as 297:. They have historically excelled in business, academia, science, the arts, and entertainment. Many have become doctors, engineers, lawyers, and tech entrepreneurs. 7808: 6399: 1370:

for the results was +/- 5 percentage points, with higher margins of error for sub-groups. Notably, the number of Muslims decreased from 42% in 2008 to 31% in 2012.

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According to Bayor, from the very beginning, Iranian immigrants differed from other arrivals in their high educational and professional achievements. According to

7475: 516:, there were 283,225 Iranian-born people in the US. According to the same 2000 US Census, there were 385,488 Americans of Iranian ancestry at that time. The 2011 9444: 7134: 5603: 7526: 6833: 4527: 11618: 8759: 7777: 2926: 2075:(2001), is the first English-language Iranian film with theatrical release in the United States; the storyline is about two Iranian refugees in Los Angeles. 6429: 5499: 3900:

Elizabeth Chacko, Contemporary ethnic geographies in America // Ines M. Miyares, Christopher A. Airriess (eds.), Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, pp. 325–326

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Texas also has a large population of Iranian descent. And like California, Iranians in Texas are concentrated in the larger major cities of the state.

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Relative population distribution estimate of 1st and 2nd generation Iranian Americans living in the United States by percentage of total population.

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Daha, Maryam (September 2011). "Contextual Factors Contributing to Ethnic Identity Development of Second-Generation Iranian American Adolescents".

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There is a tendency among Iranian-Americans to categorize themselves as "Persian" rather than "Iranian", mainly to dissociate themselves from the

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and Westlake village also held a large Iranian population. La Jolla was the first American city to have an Iranian American mayor Iraj Broomand.

410: 6129: 5527: 3500: 1690:, the democratic candidate. The survey also states that 69% of Iranian American respondents planned to vote for the democratic candidate in the 1234: 11613: 11568: 3695: 2399: 2202: 344:, Reza Shah Pahlavi's son, announced that both "Persia" and "Iran" could officially be used interchangeably. The issue is still debated today. 1326:, but they are very small in number. According to Pew Research, about 22% of those who left Islam in the United States are Iranian Americans. 10340: 9358: 5555: 5274: 2316:

and first Iranian astronaut. Ansari is also the co-founder and former CEO of Prodea Systems, Inc., and Telecom Technologies, Inc. Test pilot

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for Financial Institutions by President Obama, is the highest ranking Iranian-American official in government as of 2012. In November 2012,

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Iranian-Americans are among the most educated and successful communities in the U.S., according to a report by the Iranian Studies group at

8842: 5214: 2998: 2244:. Iranian-Americans have founded, or hold senior leadership positions at, many major US companies, including Fortune 500 companies such as 933:

Second generation Iranians located outside these concentrated cities showed high rates of marrying a non-Iranian and low literacy rates in

274:, with over 40% settling in California, specifically Los Angeles. They have created many distinct ethnic enclaves, such as the Los Angeles 7106: 11608: 9511: 9479: 9409: 7023: 5308:"A$ 1 Million Gift Plus $ 4 Million in Jewelry and a Horde of Priceless Persian Art? This Islamic Worlds Affair is the Richest Gala Ever" 3051: 7164: 5649: 3970: 3307: 9209: 8199: 6380: 3613:

Iranian/Persian Americans – The flow of Iranian citizens into the United States began in 1979, during and after the Islamic Revolution.

3467: 3367: 1731: 540:(Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans), estimates range from 500,000 to 1,000,000, numbers backed up by Ronald H. Bayor of the 5321: 2865:

from 2008 to 2009, during which she was the highest-ranking Iranian-American public official in the United States. Drug policy expert

2568:, M.D., a pioneer in the fields of electrophysiology and cardiology. Prominent Iranian-Americans in American higher education include 10652: 9214: 9194: 8792: 5847: 5471: 9529: 7380: 6076: 5746:

Mobasher, Mohsen (1 September 2006). "Cultural Trauma and Ethnic Identity Formation Among Iranian Immigrants in the United States".

5624: 4469: 3501:"Iranian-Americans Reported Among Most Highly Educated in U.S.: Iranian-Americans also contribute substantially to the U.S. economy" 668:(Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans), estimates range from 500,000 to 1,000,000, numbers backed by Ronald H. Bayor of the 9769: 9429: 9383: 9351: 7846: 2137: 1683: 788:

has the largest concentration of Iranian-Americans. An area along Westwood Boulevard in Los Angeles has been officially designated

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has the largest population of Iranians and Iranian expats, with an estimated 70,000 residents (50,000 in 1994), mainly due to the

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and interrogated at the Canadian border. The incident took place during a time of escalated tensions between Iran and the U.S.

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It is widely believed that most Iranian-Americans in the United States are clustered in the large cities of California, namely

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which received a $ 10 million gift from an Iranian-American couple. Chicago's Swedish Covenant Hospital received $ 4 million;

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remarked that it would be "terrible" if he discovered he had Iranian heritage. Graham's statement outraged many high-profile

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during his last days. This is the same base that trained many pilots of Iran's Royal Air Force before the 1979 revolution.

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Second-generation Iranian-Americans: The Relationship Between Ethnic Identity, Acculturation, and Psychological Well-being

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outside the middle east are settled in the San Antonio area. The Shah of Iran was also last hospitalized at San Antonio's

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put the number of Armenians living in Los Angeles at 52,400, of whom 71.9% were foreign born: 14.7% in Iran, 14.3% in the

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best-educated and most wealthy families into exile in the United States and other countries. Once basically an issue of

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in 2004 estimated the number of Iranian Americans at 691,000, about half of which live in the US state of California.

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and heritage as an important component of their day-to-day life and their overall identity within the United States.

7530: 3175:"Iranian National Organization for Civil Registration: More than 2 million Iranians live in the U.S.A and the U.A.E" 2105:

According to the Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, nearly half of Iranian-Americans surveyed in 2008 by

1682:

and one in four as independents (2008). A 2019 Zogby International survey, commissioned by PAAIA, found that in the

9675: 9633: 9618: 9434: 9297: 9272: 9178: 8620: 8304: 7785: 3723: 3003: 2573: 1776: 1699: 1679: 1675: 1652: 2006:(season 1, episode 6, "Where The Kabob is Hot") focused on Persian food in Los Angeles; where Lakshmi interviewed 312:"Iranian-American" is sometimes used interchangeably with "Persian-American", partly due to the fact that, in the 9685: 9623: 9312: 9204: 7280: 7256: 6155: 2581: 1756:

According to a survey conducted in 2009, more than six in ten Iranian Americans have immediate family members in

1489: 669: 603: 541: 8265: 7332: 9730: 9705: 9586: 9506: 9399: 9260: 8518: 7957:

Constructing Identities, Perceiving Lives: Armenian High School Students' Perceptions of Identity and Education

7877: 7698: 7303: 5781: 5131: 4912: 4599: 3731: 2461: 2084: 2071: 1529:

Camp Ayandeh, sponsored annually by the Iranian Alliances Across Borders (IAAB), has attracted children of the

657: 521: 294: 8098:. Gustave E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies and International Studies and Overseas Programs at 11247: 9566: 9534: 9521: 9255: 8785: 3013: 2167: 2051: 1593: 1420:

Iranian-Americans is difficult because most Iranian Christians (especially those raised in the faith) are of

785: 6426:"MIT: Iranian-Americans Among Most Highly Educated in U.S. and contribute substantially to the U.S. economy" 5175: 5020: 2136:

professor, warned about the dangers of allowing Iranian Americans to get too close to power during the 2009

11317: 9638: 9571: 9464: 9287: 8923: 5280: 5261:"This aircraft carrier skipper fled Iran as a child. Now he's preparing to deploy amid heightened tensions" 4278:"Profile of Selected Demographic and Social Characteristics: 2000 Population Universe; People Born in Iran" 3301:"2012 National Public Opinion Survey of Iranian Americans regarding Potential Military Strike Against Iran" 2175: 283: 282:. Based on a 2012 announcement by the National Organization for Civil Registration, an organization of the 6109:

Ronaghy HA, Shajari A, Islamic Revolution and Physician Migration Archive of Iranian Medicine 2013; 16: 10

1572:

article claimed that Middle Eastern Armenians, which includes Armenians from Iran, preferred to settle in

11583: 11558: 11354: 9710: 9332: 9292: 9277: 9232: 8493: 8397: 8277: 8169:

Nanquette, Laetitia (2016). "Translations of Modern Persian Literature in the United States: 1979–2011".

7406: 5445:"Wife testifies her husband confessed to pulling the trigger in one of two Houston-area 'honor killings'" 5144: 4616: 4175: 3392: 3008: 2448:

Many Iranian-Americans are active philanthropists and leaders in improving their community. In 2006, the

2329: 1987: 1975:

channel. Other notables in Iranian American television programs in the 1980s included Shohreh Aqdashlu's

1533:

from multiple nations with the intention of uniting Iranian youth following the mass migration after the

1138: 1014: 907: 8286: 1783:. Similarly, US persons will need a license from OFAC to open a bank account or transfer money to Iran. 11339: 9581: 9282: 9160: 4180: 2031: 1710: 1181: 1122: 930:

has the highest concentration of Iranians in Los Angeles County, according to the U.S. Census in 2000.

7050: 6807: 5036: 512:

The third phase of Iranian immigration started in 1995 and continues to the present. According to the

11563: 11530: 11174: 10664: 10264: 9302: 9219: 9131: 9047: 8591: 6195: 5391:"Jury delivers death sentence for Jordanian immigrant convicted of two Houston-area 'honor killings'" 4638:

The Iranians Count Census Coalition Releases the Special Tabulation Results from the 2010 U.S. Census

4277: 2898: 2465: 2229: 2122: 1639: 744: 681:

According to research done by the Iranian Studies Group, an independent academic organization at the

641: 637: 625: 559: 517: 468:, and became significant in the early 1980s. As Ronald H. Bayor writes, "The 1979 Revolution and the 356: 90: 64: 7135:"White supremacist who fatally stabbed Iranian-American man at California bar gets 56 years to life" 5707: 3692: 1702:

and less than one-in-ten cite the internal affairs of Iran as being of greatest importance to them.

501: 11578: 11553: 10349: 10196: 9945: 9895: 9836: 9613: 8990: 8778: 8643: 3751: 3028: 2901:, becoming the first Iranian-American to be elected to a major municipal office in New York State. 2663: 2597: 2178:

at a bar, mistaking them for Iranian. While murdering them Puriton yelled "Get out of my country."

1780: 1721:

From 1980 to 2004, more than one out of every four Iranian immigrants was a refugee or asylee. The

352: 8326: 5559: 5514:"Pompeo privately said Trump administration will not pursue military intervention in Iran: Report" 5285: 3090: 11515: 11122: 10674: 9873: 9789: 8601: 8217:"Racial Profiling of Iranian Armenians in the United States: Omid Fallahazad's 'Citizen Vartgez'" 7219:"Suspect apparently thought he shot 'Iranian people' in Kansas bar attack that killed Indian man" 6858: 5669: 4657: 2993: 2920:

of California became the first Iranian-Americans elected to state legislatures. Habib is now the

2622: 1972: 1709:

Similarly, the 2019 survey also suggested that 75% of Iranian American respondents perceived the

1209: 529: 351:

in media. Some Iranian-Americans also don't prefer "Iranian" to disassociate themselves with the

7750: 4996:

Universe: Total population more information 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

11302: 9900: 9735: 9606: 8433: 7170: 7140: 5808:"Obama administration granted citizenship to 2,500 Iranians during nuclear deal: Iran official" 5702: 5573: 3932: 3910: 3875: 2940: 2364: 2100: 1958: 1743: 1691: 1562:

study showed that by virtue of education and occupation, native-born and Armenian-Americans of

919: 801: 525: 348: 6704:"Trailer: Padma Lakshmi Explores L.A.'s Persian Square in "Taste The Nation," June 18 on Hulu" 5201: 5188: 5050: 4206: 3735: 3626: 3234:"The Relative Concentration of Iranian Americans Across the United States: Iran Census Report" 2869:

is Iranian-American and the only person to serve as an appointee in the drug czar's office of

1626:

States, merely of the areas in which most of the Iranian-American population is concentrated.

524:, in December 2015 estimated the number at over 1,000,000. Paul Harvey and Edward Blum of the 11482: 11399: 11364: 11359: 11260: 10719: 10694: 10431: 10394: 10316: 10164: 10159: 9779: 9680: 9454: 9138: 9100: 8970: 8962: 8697: 8596: 8570: 5663: 3990: 3848: 2114: 1751: 1635: 1339: 1164:

metropolitan area is estimated to have over 30,000 Iranian-Americans. Iran's first astronaut

1130: 988: 915: 767:

has the largest Kurdish population in the United States, with many of them coming from Iran.

750: 465: 341: 279: 271: 197: 6587: 5325: 5105: 4717: 4554:

Strength in Numbers The Relative Concentration of Iranian Americans Across the United States

3821: 2181:

In 2018, while on national television, having a discussion about taking a DNA test, Senator

1576:, while Armenian immigrants from the Soviet Union were attracted to Hollywood, Los Angeles. 1294:

Many Iranian Americans are non-Muslim due to the religious composition of those fleeing the

11472: 11462: 11452: 11442: 11394: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11265: 10704: 10679: 10669: 10523: 10436: 10326: 10296: 10250: 10103: 10091: 9940: 9878: 9750: 9110: 9075: 9037: 8884: 8871: 8402: 8392: 8376: 8002:"Law's Inhumanities: Peripheral Racialization and the Early Development of an Iranian Race" 4907: 2960: 2890: 2794: 1947: 1726: 1725:/Zogby poll cites that almost three-quarters of Iranian-Americans believe the promotion of 1573: 1441: 1417: 1176:. Dallas' Iranian community was large and influential enough to host US Secretary of State 1081: 1027: 1001: 927: 895: 872: 764: 164: 142: 4795: 3444: 1706:

reported foreign policy issues, such as the Iran-U.S. relationship, as important in 2008.

1315: 1091: 209: 8: 11467: 11437: 11427: 11417: 11297: 11191: 10790: 10783: 10761: 10739: 10734: 10637: 10570: 10374: 10311: 10281: 10233: 10223: 10176: 10147: 10137: 10118: 9846: 9821: 9784: 9715: 9700: 9695: 9591: 9237: 9090: 9060: 9012: 9002: 8980: 8947: 8940: 8930: 8899: 8682: 8565: 8523: 8503: 8488: 8443: 7435: 7384: 4477: 4340:

Voices of New American Women: Visions of Home in the Middle Eastern Diasporic Imagination

2909: 2593: 2213: 2155:

On 8 September 2015, 22-year-old Iranian American Shayan Mazroei was stabbed to death by

2106: 2038:(2021; directed by Nima Naimi, Alireza Sanayei, Julian Gigola). Critical response in the 1922: 1883: 1819: 1501: 1271: 1053: 923: 797: 645: 424: 8074:"Iranian Immigrants, Totaling Perhaps a Million, Bring Wealth and Diversity to the U.S." 7854: 7605: 6612: 3468:"They can't go back to Iran. So L.A. Persians built 'Tehrangeles' and made it their own" 1381:, the average Iranian is slightly less religious than the average American. In the book 1366:

2%, "Other" 15%, and "No response" 15%. The survey had a cooperation rate of 31.2%. The

644:(ACS). Data on Iranian ancestry from the annual ACS is available on the Census Bureau's 11490: 11457: 11447: 11422: 11331: 11270: 11255: 11240: 10709: 10689: 10622: 10600: 10580: 10558: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10490: 10446: 10426: 10421: 10384: 10359: 10286: 10228: 10191: 10142: 10127: 10005: 9993: 9978: 9950: 9935: 9925: 9910: 9890: 9868: 9841: 9816: 9794: 9725: 9690: 9317: 9143: 9065: 9007: 8997: 8935: 8911: 8906: 8738: 8692: 8657: 8528: 8513: 8483: 8438: 8186: 8021: 6174:"The Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans National Opinion Survey 2019" (PDF). 6040:"SBA Report: Iranian-Americans with one of highest rates of immigrant-owned businesses" 5980: 5763: 5728: 5720: 5716: 5347: 4966: 4884: 4876: 4015: 3574: 3023: 2936: 2818: 2651: 2553: 2433: 2297: 2056: 1843: 1534: 1405: 1374: 1343: 1299: 1295: 1285: 1189: 1110: 868: 613: 607: 555: 461: 449: 267: 201: 86: 4772:"Iranian-Americans gain political clout in Great Neck peninsula as demographics shift" 3267:"Iranian-Americans in Cleveland keeping close eye on rising tensions between US, Iran" 2773:. There are also notable American YouTube personalities of Iranian descent, including 2452:

was the recipient of a $ 10 million donation from an Iranian-American couple based in

11548: 11432: 11374: 11307: 10766: 10751: 10744: 10714: 10684: 10659: 10647: 10605: 10585: 10575: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10478: 10473: 10461: 10441: 10379: 10364: 10306: 10301: 10269: 10238: 10201: 10186: 10169: 10152: 10096: 10074: 10047: 9988: 9920: 9915: 9905: 9863: 9851: 9720: 9670: 9095: 9085: 9055: 9017: 8975: 8952: 8879: 8743: 8712: 8687: 8677: 8662: 8544: 8498: 8453: 8448: 8360: 8355: 8190: 8155: 8132: 8122: 8103: 8080: 8052: 8042: 8025: 7986: 7960: 7923: 7904: 7703: 7675: 7461: 7003: 6759: 6620: 6566: 6539: 6482: 6007: 5767: 5732: 5673: 5583: 5579: 5449: 5395: 5367: 5245: 5219: 5127: 5015: 4958: 4888: 4868: 4595: 4506: 4398: 4343: 4240: 3881: 3854: 3827: 3800: 3757: 3727: 3668: 3632: 3602: 3578: 3472: 3361: 2850: 2822: 2734: 2719: 2642:. There are several Iranian American actors, comedians and filmmakers, including the 2577: 2517: 2501: 2493: 2409: 2404: 2345: 2186: 2046:(2012) PBS documentary included a lack of representation for "interracial marriage". 1890: 1851: 1580: 1546: 1457: 1445: 1225: 1173: 1161: 1097:

Some of the more well known residents of the Houston area in the past or present are

832: 824: 661: 533: 469: 420: 364: 221: 176: 168: 11164: 10978: 9343: 4820: 1644: 11384: 11379: 11369: 11349: 11028: 10906: 10826: 10756: 10729: 10699: 10627: 10610: 10518: 10468: 10414: 10409: 10399: 10335: 10243: 10216: 10206: 10181: 10132: 10079: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10042: 10000: 9983: 9973: 9957: 9930: 9831: 9826: 9549: 9032: 9022: 8985: 8918: 8847: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8717: 8707: 8508: 8478: 8428: 8334: 8178: 8013: 6755:"What is American food? Padma Lakshmi's new show 'Taste the Nation' offers answers" 5755: 5712: 5665:

Social Movements in 20th Century Iran: Culture, Ideology, and Mobilizing Frameworks

4950: 4860: 3982: 3566: 3342: 3118: 2988: 2902: 2613: 2569: 2521: 2509: 2118: 2110: 2023: 1951: 1810: 1798: 1714: 1530: 1397: 1383:

Social Movements in 20th Century Iran: Culture, Ideology, and Mobilizing Frameworks

1378: 1289: 1267: 1193: 1114: 975: 934: 721: 713: 697: 628:, the number of Americans of full or partial Iranian ancestry amounted c. 470,341. 479: 432: 391: 287: 266:

Most Iranian Americans arrived in the United States after 1979, as a result of the

172: 160: 154: 122: 98: 94: 8182: 7945: 5693:

Mostofi, Nilou (2003). "Who We Are: The Perplexity of Iranian-American Identity".

4363: 2845:, as well as several high-ranking officials in the Shah's administration, such as 2718:, Shahaub Roudbari, and Aria Shahghasemi, musicians Sarah Fard (Savoir Faire) and 2654:, the award-winning director, producer and screenwriters Amir Cyrus Ahanchian and 2010:

cookbook author, Naz Deravian; Shamshiri Grill owner, Hamid Mosavi; and comedian,

11344: 11292: 10933: 10896: 10851: 10778: 10642: 10632: 10595: 10590: 10563: 10498: 10404: 10389: 10369: 10291: 10274: 10255: 10211: 10113: 10108: 10084: 10069: 10025: 9601: 9080: 9070: 9027: 8894: 8889: 8852: 8837: 8801: 8702: 8672: 8586: 8423: 8290: 8272: 8259: 8238: 8149: 8145: 8093: 7635: 6997: 6673: 6614: 6560: 6533: 6476: 5892: 5878: 5418:"TANGLED WEB: Sorting out the timeline of the so-called Houston 'honor killings'" 5240: 4703: 4644: 4157:

Torbat, Akbar E (Spring 2002). "The brain drain from Iran to the United States".

3792: 3747: 3699: 3596: 2802: 2798: 2742: 2715: 2691: 2679: 2655: 2533: 2421: 2368: 2317: 2305: 2210: 2190: 2156: 2148: 1992: 1823: 1792: 1747: 1687: 1563: 1505: 1425: 1413: 1367: 1165: 1098: 883: 860: 701: 640:

was not according to race, but rather ancestry, which is collected by the annual

570: 337: 260: 37: 8252: 7557: 7107:"Merrill Lynch to Pay $ 1.55 Million for Job Bias Against Former Iranian Worker" 4566: 3240: 11525: 11186: 11139: 11003: 10998: 10963: 10948: 10553: 10354: 10321: 9806: 9801: 9105: 8733: 7938:

High Status Immigrants: A Statistical Profile of Iranians in the United States

7833: 7583: 7504: 7084: 6972:"Center for Iranian Diaspora Studies hopes to expand with $ 1 million donation" 6729:"Padma Lakshmi's new show is a celebration of immigrants' lives and food in US" 6294: 6267: 6240: 6196:"The Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans National Opinion Survey 2019" 6160: 6043: 5925: 5871: 5782:"Iranian Studies Group at MIT, Iranian-American Community Survey Results, 2005" 4749: 4696: 4637: 3421: 2930: 2917: 2870: 2846: 2810: 2762: 2758: 2750: 2711: 2609: 2565: 2425: 2395: 2383: 2309: 2273: 2182: 2171: 2061: 1898: 1648: 1568: 1437: 1409: 1386: 1359: 1319: 1134: 876: 836: 649: 621: 513: 487: 360: 225: 134: 8136: 8056: 7950:. Institute for Social Science Research, University of California Los Angeles. 7834:

White House Hosts Iranian-American Community Leaders for Roundtable Discussion

7276:"Iranian-Americans Call Out U.S. Senator Graham For 'Terrible' Ancestry Gaffe" 4864: 648:

website. Racially, on the Census, Iranian Americans have been classified as a

11602: 11231: 11102: 11050: 11038: 11033: 11023: 11013: 11008: 10928: 10901: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10456: 9576: 8084: 8017: 6348: 5955: 5759: 5170: 5002: 4962: 4872: 4244: 3986: 3570: 3526: 2939:

is a human rights attorney based in Atlanta and is a former president of the

2886: 2882: 2878: 2826: 2814: 2806: 2754: 2699: 2695: 2687: 2671: 2643: 2639: 2631: 2561: 2557: 2549: 2541: 2529: 2481: 2387: 2337: 2333: 2325: 2313: 2160: 2144: 2129: 1943: 1918: 1806: 1473: 1469: 1146: 1126: 1118: 1106: 1086: 962: 911: 864: 624:, there were 385,488 Americans of Iranian ancestry at that time. In the 2011 460:

The second phase of Iranian migration began immediately before and after the

416: 313: 8151:

The Limits of Whiteness: Iranian Americans and the Everyday Politics of Race

7650:"University of California, Irvine | The Paul Merage School of Business" 5528:"Iranian refugees seeking to settle in San Antonio have detoured into limbo" 4943:"From Broadcasting to Narrowcasting: Middle Eastern Diaspora in Los Angeles" 11211: 11087: 10871: 8612: 8001: 7809:"Kaplan Wins North Hempstead Town Council Race – Port Washington, NY Patch" 6613:

Gustave E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies (1 January 1993).

5322:"Story | Bush Library 20th Anniversary Exhibit | Lead by Example" 4849:"Review of The Making of Exile Cultures: Iranian Television in Los Angeles" 4308: 2874: 2786: 2738: 2707: 2675: 2635: 2627: 2617: 2545: 2537: 2505: 2497: 2356: 2352: 2285: 2269: 2088: 1967: 1939: 1894: 1497: 1449: 1169: 1154: 1102: 1040: 903: 758: 674: 546: 317: 217: 8262:– The Relative Concentration of Iranian Americans Across the United States 8041:. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Detroit, MI: Gale eBooks. pp. 433–443. 7238:"Graham says it would be 'terrible' if DNA showed he has Iranian heritage" 6535:

A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 1: The Artisanal Era, 1897-1941

6453:"Century City Freedom Sculpture unveiled on Santa Monica Boulevard median" 2460:

was the recipient of a $ 17 million gift from an Iranian-American, as was

1874:

of Technology; Harvard University; Yale University; Princeton University;

1668:

large cities showing only 10 percent of them voted in the 2004 election.

11206: 11127: 11107: 10993: 10866: 10771: 6859:"Feelings of Marginalization by the PBS Documentary, 'Iranian-Americans'" 6361: 5068: 4207:"1980 US Census; No 48. Population by Selected Ancestry Group and Region" 3715: 3202:"N.J. Iranians celebrate Persian New Year with music, dance in Englewood" 3178: 3046: 2974: 2913: 2906: 2894: 2866: 2730: 2683: 2667: 2525: 2429: 2198: 2066: 2011: 1772: 1552: 1504:(15%) of the United States (2008 survey). Iranian-Americans regard their 1363: 1177: 891: 887: 852: 817: 789: 686: 474: 428: 397: 275: 205: 110: 7407:"30th Anniversary corporate document: 1970s Defying Conventional Wisdom" 6834:"Film screening: Immigrant Stories: Iranian-Americans of Silicon Valley" 6649:"Iranian-American petitioners call Bravo's 'The Shahs of Sunset' racist" 6588:"The Passing of Parviz Kardan, a pioneer of Iranian stage, screen and t" 11169: 11112: 10943: 5724: 4970: 4942: 4880: 4848: 3072:"3.5 Million Reported Middle Eastern and North African Descent in 2020" 2854: 2703: 2647: 2416:

in August 2005 and then in August 2017, Khosrowshahi became the CEO of

2391: 1390: 1355: 1307: 942:

Areas in Los Angeles with the highest concentrations of Persians (2015)

809: 754: 717: 709: 102: 82: 11216: 10968: 7847:"Stephanie Bice - Iranian American Political Action Committee (IAPAC)" 7476:"Forbes list: Southwest Florida has a new billionaire, others move up" 7024:"Bilingual Lecture Series on Iran educates, connects Iranian diaspora" 3393:"Migration Information Source – Spotlight on the Iranian Foreign Born" 1400:

differences among the Muslim, Jewish, Baháʼí, Zoroastrian, Christian,

11543: 11520: 11495: 11221: 11117: 10973: 10923: 10841: 9148: 7944:

Sabagh, Georges; Bozorgmehr, Mehdi; Der-Martirosian, Claudia (1990).

3911:"Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition" 3041: 2726: 2659: 2489: 2469: 2293: 2253: 1461: 1421: 1401: 1323: 1201: 1197: 1185: 1150: 1142: 805: 505: 325: 229: 10953: 7725: 5785: 4954: 3092:

U.S. Census Bureau (2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates)

1137:, an active philanthropist, has been a "founding benefactor" of the 11500: 11154: 11144: 11072: 11045: 10958: 10938: 10876: 10856: 10836: 10831: 8284:

Interest Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Washington D.C.

7632:

Portland State Maseeh College of Engineering & Computer Science

6381:"How Dara Khosrowshahi's Iranian heritage shapes how he leads Uber" 5812: 4592:

The Iranian Diaspora: Challenges, Negotiations, and Transformations

3123: 2746: 2592:

Well known American media personalities of Iranian descent include

2437: 2289: 2261: 2206: 2039: 1935: 1659: 1611:

Researchers from Johns Hopkins University in 1974 reported, in the

1465: 1347: 1065: 780: 739:

Approximately 6,000–10,000 Iranian Americans reside in the city of

729: 725: 130: 126: 118: 114: 8770: 7878:"Meet 3 female human rights lawyers fighting for change worldwide" 7165:"Laguna Niguel man slain in bar stabbing remembered as 'old soul'" 6886:"'Jimmy Vestvood: Amerikan Hero' aims for sharp satire and misses" 11579:

Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

11312: 11226: 11201: 11149: 11134: 11018: 10846: 10816: 9554: 7257:"Tech execs want Senator Graham to apologize over Iranian remark" 6347:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

6135:. State Department's Bureau of International Information Programs 5421: 4744: 4528:"The U.S. Election's Iranian-American Vote: What's It Look Like?" 3270: 2863:

Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs

2774: 2770: 2605: 2453: 2413: 2380: 2372: 2351:

Other well known Iranian-American entrepreneurs include designer

2257: 2194: 2133: 1867: 1863: 1855: 1335: 1077: 844: 740: 333: 213: 193: 138: 2859:

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

2049:

Fictional films with Iranian American themes include the satire

720:, which have 9.1% of the U.S.'s Iranian population, followed by 11505: 11097: 11082: 11077: 11065: 11060: 10988: 10918: 10821: 10615: 8210:(2). SAGE Publications, Inc. – via Gale Academic OneFile. 8092:

Kelley, Ron; Friedlander, Jonathan; Colby, Anita, eds. (1993).

7943: 6562:

The Making of Exile Cultures: Iranian Television in Los Angeles

6130:"Iranian-Americans Reported Among Most Highly Educated in U.S." 5961: 3503:. State Department Bureau of International Information Programs 3418:"Iranian-Americans Reported Among Most Highly Educated in U.S." 2857:

is the Under Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs of the

2376: 2265: 1914: 1847: 1351: 1331: 1303: 1145:, was later convicted and sentenced to death for the crime, an 848: 813: 321: 7920:

Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans

7501:"Profile of an Iranian-American philanthropist: Ali Saberioon" 7304:"U.S. Stops Dozens of Iranian-Americans Returning From Canada" 4503:

Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans

1779:(OFAC) to engage in transactions related to the sale of their 11196: 11179: 11159: 11092: 11055: 10983: 10913: 8283: 8006:

Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East

7356:"8 major US companies with Iranian-American founders or CEOs" 6943:"How Iranian filmmakers like Asghar Farhadi defy the censors" 4445:"Iranian-Americans forge a rare bond to support nuclear deal" 4176:"Spotlight on the Iranian Foreign Born Migration Information" 2513: 2281: 2249: 1453: 733: 708:

Roughly half of the nation's Iranians reside in the state of

558:

outside of Iran. The Iranian-American community has produced

189: 106: 5500:"Trump administration opposes military intervention in Iran" 5223:. 11 November 2006. Houston Belief. Retrieved on 3 May 2014. 820:", "Irangeles", or "Little Persia" among Iranian-Americans. 259:, are citizens or nationals of the United States who are of 11510: 10861: 8329: 6291:"Banks Targeting Iranian Americans – What Are Your Rights?" 5363:"Still no answers 6 months after Iranian student's killing" 5124:

Iranians in Texas: Migration, Politics, and Ethnic Identity

3494: 3492: 3490: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 2838: 2766: 2485: 2417: 2321: 2277: 1962: 1859: 1839: 1761: 1757: 1311: 856: 840: 6237:"PAAIA Releases 2009 National Survey of Iranian Americans" 5575:

Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia, Volume 1

2125:

and discrimination at the hands of immigration officials.

1243:

newsletter has been published in Dallas for over 20 years.

7778:"Beverly Hills will have first Iranian-born mayor in USA" 6504:"The Iranian Diaspora in America: 30 Years in the Making" 5945: 5943: 5645: 4611: 3146:"Revealing of the number of Iranians in the outside Iran" 2790: 2601: 2360: 2241: 1926: 1651:

the first Iranian American elected to Congress, from the

770: 7354:

Borden, Taylor; Rogers, Taylor Nicole (9 January 2020).

7194:"Woman Charged As Accessory To Murder Of Shayan Mazroei" 6264:"How U.S. Laws Can Affect Your Personal Affairs in Iran" 5872:

PAAIA Releases 2011 National Survey of Iranian Americans

5382: 4141: 4139: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 3795:. In Mary C. Waters; Reed Ueda; Helen B. Marrow (eds.). 3720:

The Ayatollah Begs to Differ: The Paradox of Modern Iran

3487: 3374: 2036:

Immigration Stories: Iranian Americans of Silicon Valley

696:

have stated the United States has the highest number of

554:

Today, the United States contains the highest number of

532:

in 2012 estimated their number at 1,000,000, as well as

11575:

Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity

6316: 6314: 6312: 6020: 5604:"Islam gains about as many converts as it loses in U.S" 4821:

Iran's Political Crisis Fuels Expatriates' Fears, Hopes

4397:

page 368. Columbia University Press, 14 February 2012.

2933:

became the first Iranian American elected to Congress.

2245: 1663:

Most important issues to the Iranian-American community

8266:

Fact-sheet on the Iranian-American Community (ISG MIT)

8121:(First hardcover ed.). New York: Pantheon Books. 8091: 6678:""Shahs of Sunset": The real Iranians of Los Angeles?" 6147: 5940: 5893:"Iranian-American youth struggle to define themselves" 4977: 3950: 3152:(in Persian). Bartarinha News Portal. 9 September 2012 616:

of 1979. Data on this group is well documented by the

9373: 7903:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. 5831: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5823: 4697:

Iranian-Americans and the 2010 Census: Did We Shrink?

4661: 4258: 4136: 4033: 3527:"Tehrangeles: How Iranians made part of LA their own" 3138: 2927:

2020 United States House of Representatives elections

2324:

astronaut of Iranian descent as mission commander of

6309: 6006:. New York: New York University Press. p. 395. 4903:"Iranians at odds over talks with 'the Great Satan'" 4106:

PAAIA (Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans)

3797:

The New Americans: A Guide to Immigration since 1965

2950: 2504:, a leading theoretical physicist; cancer biologist 2147:& Co. agreed to pay $ 1.55 million to resolve a 879:, making it the city's largest religious community. 295:

the most highly educated people in the United States

8239:

Iranian-American Organizations – comprehensive list

4684:"آمار پراکندگی ایرانیان مقیم خارج از کشور + نمودار" 4389: 4387: 3239:. National Iranian American Council. Archived from 2440:; he reportedly has a net worth of $ 2.1 billion.. 1813:for U.S. interests in Iran. The Iranian government 863:, etc.), and the rest in other parts of the world. 597: < 1% but may still be a notable population 7901:Armenian Americans: From Being to Feeling Armenian 7163: 7133: 7077:"Amanpour is Being Attacked Because She's Iranian" 6001: 5820: 5088:"Iranians settle on Girard Avenue to show carpets" 4395:The Columbia Guide to Religion in American History 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 1983:; and Hushang Towzi's multiple television series. 1934:voice in television during this time was from the 1492:, in 2015, 13,114 people born in Iran were issued 1157:who was imprisoned in Iran for political reasons. 618:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services 7751:"Living in Tehrangeles: L.A.'s Iranian Community" 5162: 4796:"Iranian-Americans cast ballots on Iran's future" 4789: 4787: 4785: 4594:by M. Mobasher. University of Texas Press, 2018. 4419:"Iranian Americans bank on historic nuclear deal" 4357: 4355: 4151: 4099:"Iranian Americans; immigration and assimilation" 3445:"Iranian-Americans cast ballots on Iran's future" 3330: 3328: 1686:, 56% of Iranian Americans respondents voted for 1192:area that is not un-similar to the southern Iran 562:, including medicine, engineering, and business. 11600: 8200:"The Making of the Iranian Community in America" 5642:"Losing Our Religion: The Growth of The 'Nones'" 5542:"'We are not others': San Antonio is their home" 5181: 4384: 4303: 4301: 4174:Hakimzadeh, Shirin; Dixon, David (1 June 2006). 2450:University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center 7529:. Mdanderson.org. 22 April 2009. Archived from 6619:. University of California Press. p. 363. 6042:. Payvand.com. 22 November 2006. Archived from 4521: 4519: 4325: 4212:. United States Census Bureau. 1980. p. 42 4173: 3850:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania 1897:neighborhood, in honor of the Persian artifact 1255:A popular Persian restaurant in southern Texas. 747:. Some of this population is Iranian Assyrian. 411:History of the Iranian Americans in Los Angeles 286:, the United States has the greatest number of 8253:Iran Census Report (2003): Strength in Numbers 7983:The Making of the Iranian Community in America 7267: 6999:Iranian Diaspora Identities: Stories and Songs 6783:"'The Iranian Americans' review: It's a start" 6565:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 242. 6391: 5967: 5436: 5354: 4782: 4547: 4545: 4352: 3598:Health in America: A Multicultural Perspective 3412: 3410: 3325: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 2400:massively multiplayer online role-playing game 2367:(formerly Siemens Enterprise Communications), 1618:In 2013, another report was published, in the 9359: 8786: 8628: 8312: 7132:Fausto, Alma; Emrey, Sean (8 February 2020). 6996:Shirazi, Ziba; Afary, Kamran (15 June 2020). 5962:Sabagh, Bozorgmehr & Der-Martirosian 1990 5566: 5442: 5388: 5234:Local Baha'is pray for jailed leaders in Iran 4497: 4495: 4412: 4410: 4298: 4169: 4167: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3420:Payvand.com. 24 November 2006. Archived from 3306:. paaia.org. 2012. p. 14. Archived from 3227: 3225: 3223: 3169: 3167: 2480:Notable Iranian-Americans in science include 1436:The majority of Iranian-Americans are ethnic 886:in many affluent neighborhoods mostly in the 300:Research by the Iranian Studies Group at the 27: 11619:Middle Eastern diaspora in the United States 8642: 7936:Bozorgmehr, Mehdi., Sabagh, Georges (1988). 7353: 6995: 6231: 6229: 6073:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans 6066:"Public Opinion Survey of Iranian Americans" 5976:"Echoes From Armenia in Southern California" 5656: 5634: 5618:"Public Opinion Survey of Iranian Americans" 5215:Bahai Faith adherents value unity, education 5194: 4552:Fata, Soraya; Rafii, Raha (September 2003). 4516: 4474:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans 3880:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1766. 3588: 3232:Fata, Soraya; Rafii, Raha (September 2003). 3038:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans 2999:Iranian Psychological Association of America 2765:has created several children's TV series on 1732:oppose any U.S. military attack against Iran 1322:. Additionally, there are also some Iranian 954:Percentage of population of Persian descent 478:gradually purged from the newly established 438: 415:One of the first recorded Iranians to visit 7254: 7131: 5837:"2008 National Survey of Iranian Americans" 5360: 4590:The numbers are partially based on p.37 of 4542: 4438: 4436: 3407: 3284: 3264: 3052:History of Iranian Americans in Los Angeles 2761:. Notable children's media writer/director 2359:, business executive Hamid Akhavan, former 2344:became the first Iranian male astronaut on 2280:is of Iranian origin, as is the founder of 2083:The Center for Iranian Diaspora Studies at 1613:Journal of the American Medical Association 9366: 9352: 8793: 8779: 8635: 8621: 8319: 8305: 8144: 8039:Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America 7811:. Portwashington.patch.com. Archived from 7273: 6672: 6501: 6474: 6153: 5008: 4846: 4492: 4407: 4230: 4164: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 3877:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z 3790: 3777: 3685: 3618: 3520: 3518: 3220: 3204:. North Jersey Media Group. Archived from 3164: 3085: 3083: 3081: 2235: 1090:. There are many Iranian Zoroastrians and 8168: 7775: 6585: 6226: 5706: 5250:8 February 2010. Retrieved on 3 May 2014. 4551: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 3799:. Harvard University Press. p. 469. 3709: 3628:The American Ethnic Cookbook for Students 3436: 3231: 2853:live or have lived in the United States. 2022:Iranian Americans have been the focus of 1966:for "Iranian television") was created by 1587: 636:Federal data on Iranian Americans in the 8214: 8116: 7898: 7806: 7690: 7255:O'Brien, Sara Ashley (17 October 2018). 6883: 6178:. August 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2020 5973: 5865: 5745: 5168:Cook, Allison. "Touring Little Persia," 4983: 4690: 4433: 4233:"What It Means to Be Iranian in America" 4231:Malekzadeh, Shervin (10 December 2019). 3968: 3962: 3956: 3594: 3199: 2572:, researcher, professor, and provost of 2138:American Israel Public Affairs Committee 1913: 1889:Iranian philanthropists constructed the 1658: 1643: 1440:, with sizeable ethnic minorities being 1064:In San Diego County, the communities of 779: 569: 500: 328:asked foreign delegates to use the term 11544:People of the United States / Americans 9770:African immigrants to the United States 8280:– Spotlight on the Iranian Foreign Born 7954: 7807:Zendrian, Alexandra (9 November 2011). 7582:. Sfsu.edu. 1 June 2005. Archived from 7527:"Title_ – M. D. Anderson Cancer Center" 7235: 7051:"We Are Here, We Have Always Been Here" 7048: 7002:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 5. 6780: 6701: 6450: 6378: 6026: 5918:"Tina Pak: From Tehran to Camp Ayandeh" 5890: 5692: 5610: 5410: 4989: 4715: 4470:"PAAIA – Demographics & Statistics" 4364:"Iran, Gulf Security, and U.S. P olicy" 4361: 4010: 4008: 3873: 3819: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3524: 3515: 3106: 3078: 1961:-based independent television station, 1206:Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center 1113:, and Kavon Hakimzadeh (captain of the 712:alone. Other large communities include 402:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 11601: 9859:Southern Africans in the United States 8244:Iranian-American workers by occupation 8071: 8032: 7999: 7980: 7947:Subethnicity: Armenians in Los Angeles 7696: 7554:"Alum Gives $ 17M to USC Viterbi Dept" 7551: 7274:Esfandiari, Golnaz (18 October 2018). 7191: 7162:Yee, Christopher (11 September 2015). 7074: 6965: 6963: 6646: 6558: 6531: 6527: 6525: 6502:Bagherpour, Amir (12 September 2010). 6470: 6468: 6466: 6288: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6184: 5623:. PAAIA. December 2008. Archived from 5479:Texas Baptists: Intercultural Ministry 5021:Irvine embraces diversity at the polls 4940: 4793: 4525: 4237:Foreign Affairs: America and the World 4058: 3624: 3465: 3442: 3366:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3265:Vandenberge, Jordan (3 January 2020). 3019:Little Persia, Los Angeles, California 2881:elected its first Iranian-born Mayor, 2159:Craig Tanber. Mazroei, who resided in 1416:groups. Calculating the percentage of 1385:, author Stephen C. Poulson adds that 771:Significant Persian population centers 496: 464:of 1979 and the overthrow of the Shah 11614:Iranian diaspora in the United States 9775:Central Africans in the United States 9347: 8774: 8616: 8300: 8197: 8100:University of California, Los Angeles 8072:Hollie, Pamela G. (9 December 1979). 7917: 7301: 6884:Kompanek, Christopher (12 May 2016). 6752: 6538:. Duke University Press. p. 57. 6478:Planet TV: A Global Television Reader 6262:Alavi, Farhad R. (31 December 2010). 6261: 6004:Planet TV: a global television reader 5949: 5031: 5029: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4911:. London. 4 June 2006. Archived from 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4371:Congressional Research Service Report 4362:Katzman, Kenneth (29 December 2015). 4264: 4145: 4052: 3660: 3395:. Migrationinformation.org. June 2006 3114:"How many Iranians are in the U.S.A?" 2893:from 2004 to 2005. In November 2011, 2302:relational database management system 2123:employment or business discrimination 1880:University of California, Los Angeles 1822:warned U.S. citizens of the risks of 1560:University of California, Los Angeles 1524: 1196:region. The largest concentration of 683:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 508:, Persian American stand-up comedian. 302:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 9746:Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans 9681:Afro-Caribbean/West Indian Americans 7628:"Visionary Alumnus Makes Investment" 6940: 6838:Iranian Studies, Stanford University 6154:Bahrampour, Tara (3 November 2003). 6127: 5142: 4005: 3975:Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 3846: 3753:Greater Iran: A 20th-century Odyssey 3746: 3556: 3545: 3525:Amirani, Shoku (29 September 2012). 3498: 2985:Iranian American Medical Association 2813:, professional mixed martial artist 2375:and former Senior Vice President of 2288:. Hamid Biglari is vice-chairman of 1606:Iranian American Medical Association 446:Institute of International Education 77:Regions with significant populations 43:Iranian American population by state 10796:White Hispanic and Latino Americans 10031:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans 9969:North Africans in the United States 9758:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans 8800: 7875: 7776:Kasindorf, Martin (14 March 2007). 7192:Ludwig, Ashley (6 September 2018). 7161: 6960: 6781:Wiegand, David (15 December 2012). 6753:Chron, Emma Balter (26 June 2020). 6532:Naficy, Hamid (16 September 2011). 6522: 6475:Parks, Lisa; Kumar, Shanti (2003). 6463: 6181: 6002:Parks, Lisa; Kumar, Shanti (2003). 5126:. University of Texas Press, 2012. 5085: 4706:, by Hossein Hosseini. Payvand.com. 4565:(Report). p. 4. Archived from 4442: 3853:. Infobase Publishing. p. 68. 3847:West, Barbara A. (1 January 2009). 3466:Etehad, Melissa (4 February 2019). 2492:, inventor of the first gas laser; 2228:For a more comprehensive list, see 2003:Taste the Nation with Padma Lakshmi 1938:-support. It was argued by scholar 1815:does not recognize dual citizenship 743:, while up to 30,000 reside in the 694:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran 228: 2%, Other 15% including 28: 13: 11609:American people of Iranian descent 9886:West Africans in the United States 9812:East Africans in the United States 9741:Stateside Virgin Islands Americans 8102:. University of California Press. 8095:Irangeles: Iranians in Los Angeles 7974: 6616:Irangeles: Iranians in Los Angeles 6379:Peisner, David (23 October 2018). 5974:Reinhold, Robert (21 March 1988). 5717:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2003.tb00531.x 5558:. 14 February 2008. Archived from 5472:"Iranian community in North Texas" 5143:Cook, Alison (15 September 1994). 5026: 4927: 4825: 4810: 3820:Cornell, Svante E. (20 May 2015). 1876:University of California, Berkeley 1829: 1775:to obtain a license from the U.S. 560:individuals notable in many fields 14: 11630: 11391:Americans of Euro Oceanic origin 10725:Nordic and Scandinavian Americans 9375:Demographics of the United States 8232: 7552:Mankin, Eric (23 November 2011). 7383:. Pbs Socal. 2015. Archived from 7198:Los Alamitos-Seal Beach, CA Patch 7075:Disney, Patrick (26 March 2010). 6969: 6702:Stueven, Michele (16 June 2020). 5648:. 13 January 2013. Archived from 5348:"George H.W. Bush Library Center" 4720:. Encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org 4562:National Iranian American Council 4416: 3874:Minahan, James (1 January 2002). 3200:Alvarado, Monsy (20 March 2014). 3034:National Iranian American Council 2922:Lieutenant Governor of Washington 2899:Town of North Hempstead, New York 2496:, the first female winner of the 2458:University of Southern California 2223: 2094: 1921:, Executive Producer of Audio at 1904: 1870:, and other major corporations. 1786: 1678:, in contrast to one in eight as 1168:for many years was a resident of 11569:Race and ethnicity in the census 9676:African diaspora in the Americas 9179:Internment of Japanese Americans 8861: 8328: 7869: 7839: 7827: 7800: 7769: 7743: 7718: 7668: 7652:. Merage.uci.edu. Archived from 7642: 7620: 7598: 7572: 7545: 7519: 7493: 7468: 7454: 7428: 7399: 7373: 7347: 7321: 7295: 7248: 7236:Watkins, Eli (16 October 2018). 7229: 7211: 7185: 7155: 7125: 7099: 7068: 7042: 7016: 6989: 6934: 6908: 6877: 6851: 6826: 6800: 6774: 6746: 6721: 6695: 6666: 6640: 6606: 6579: 6559:Naficy, Hamid (1 January 1993). 6552: 6495: 6481:. NYU Press. pp. 385, 400. 6444: 6418: 6397: 6372: 6354: 6342: 6282: 6255: 6217: 6168: 6121: 6112: 6103: 6094: 6058: 6032: 5995: 5910: 5884: 5881:. Payvand.com (7 December 2011). 5800: 5774: 5739: 5686: 5596: 5556:"The Storm over the Shah - TIME" 5389:Rogers, Brian (14 August 2018). 5279:Art of the Islamic World at the 3724:Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group 3693:Persia or Iran, Persian or Farsi 3601:. Kendall/Hunt Pub. p. 31. 2982:Iranian American Bar Association 2967: 2953: 2897:was elected Councilwoman in the 2574:New York Institute of Technology 1777:Office of Foreign Assets Control 1260: 1248: 1233: 1217: 894:, Iranians were concentrated in 382: 375: 349:negative stereotypes of Iranians 232:, and No Response 15%. 36: 9686:Antiguan and Barbudan Americans 8198:Nigem, Elias T. (Summer 1994). 7281:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 6451:Chiland, Elijah (5 July 2017). 6075:. December 2008. Archived from 5891:Ariosto, David (21 July 2008). 5846:. December 2008. Archived from 5548: 5534: 5520: 5506: 5492: 5464: 5340: 5314: 5300: 5267: 5253: 5226: 5207: 5136: 5116: 5098: 5079: 5061: 5043: 4895: 4794:Ansari, Azadeh (16 June 2009). 4764: 4732: 4709: 4676: 4650: 4631: 4604: 4584: 4462: 4270: 4224: 4199: 4127: 3925: 3903: 3894: 3867: 3840: 3813: 3740: 3661:Darya, Fereshteh Haeri (2007). 3654: 3645: 3459: 3443:Ansari, Azadeh (16 June 2009). 3124:Entekhab Professional News Site 2582:Stevens Institute of Technology 2443: 2340:in 2023. In 2024, cardiologist 2328:and flight engineer aboard the 2000:In 2020, the television series 1737: 831:Regarding Iranian-Americans of 670:Georgia Institute of Technology 604:Demography of the United States 565: 542:Georgia Institute of Technology 455: 9731:Kittian and Nevisian Americans 9706:Dominican Americans (Dominica) 8204:International Migration Review 8000:Farnia, Nina (1 August 2011). 7329:"Iranian Studies Group at MIT" 7302:Baker, Mike (5 January 2020). 7049:Mojadad, Ida (21 March 2019). 6289:Cullis, Tyler (4 April 2014). 5443:Rogers, Brian (18 June 2018). 3559:Journal of Adolescent Research 3258: 3193: 3064: 2825:and professional soccer coach 2817:, professional soccer players 2462:San Francisco State University 2085:San Francisco State University 2078: 1771:As of 2013, U.S. laws require 1511: 1483: 882:Iranian Americans have formed 658:Congressional Research Service 579: > 49% of all Iranians 522:Congressional Research Service 423:tobacco grower who settled in 336:of the country used since the 320:was known as "Persia". On the 307: 238: 1: 11248:Hispanic and Latino Americans 8183:10.1080/13556509.2016.1227530 8154:. Stanford University Press. 8117:Khakpour, Porochista (2024). 7697:Gowing, Liam (2 March 2006). 7503:. Payvand.com. Archived from 7331:. Isg-mit.org. Archived from 6916:"Shirin in Love: Film Review" 6293:. Payvand.com. Archived from 6266:. Payvand.com. Archived from 6239:. Payvand.com. Archived from 5784:. Web.mit.edu. Archived from 5748:American Behavioral Scientist 5361:Kriel, Lomi (6 August 2012). 4313:. United States Census Bureau 4133:Bozorgmehr & Sabagh, p. 8 3823:Azerbaijan Since Independence 3595:Nakamura, Raymond M. (2003). 3057: 3014:List of Persia-related topics 2861:, as well as the former U.S. 2832: 2300:and the producer of Oracle's 2052:Jimmy Vestvood: Amerikan Hero 1909: 1599: 1594:Small Business Administration 1581:Americans of Armenian descent 786:Los Angeles metropolitan area 775: 631: 11318:Indigenous Mexican Americans 8278:Migration Information Source 7678:. Iranian.com. 24 April 2005 6647:Piazza, Jo (26 March 2015). 5281:Museum of Fine Arts, Houston 5069:"MAPPING L.A. Neighborhoods" 4016:"The First Iranian American" 3004:Iran–United States relations 1540: 1431: 1049: 1036: 1023: 1010: 997: 984: 971: 958: 698:Iranians outside the country 419:was Martin the Armenian, an 293:Iranian Americans are among 288:Iranians outside the country 284:Ministry of Interior of Iran 7: 11559:Maps of American ancestries 11355:French Polynesian Americans 9711:Dutch West Indian Americans 7726:"Savoir Faire Music Boston" 7608:. Iranian.com. 9 April 2007 5178:. Retrieved on 12 May 2014. 4617:United States Census Bureau 4285:United States Census Bureau 3009:List of Iran-related topics 2946: 2905:, who was appointed as the 2785:Professional tennis player 2757:, and artist and filmmaker 2475: 2330:International Space Station 2176:shot and killed two Indians 1925:and longtime journalist at 1730:Iranian Americans surveyed 1629: 1620:Archive of Iranian Medicine 1306:, but a full one-fifth are 1279: 1139:Houston Museum of Fine Arts 1057: 1044: 1031: 1018: 1015:Woodland Hills, Los Angeles 1005: 992: 979: 966: 591: 2%-5% of all Iranians 585: 6%-9% of all Iranians 10: 11635: 11340:Pacific Islander Americans 8293:– Consular affairs; videos 8215:Yaghoobi, Claudia (2021). 7892: 7851:www.iranianamericanpac.org 6586:Tabatabai, Behzad (2021). 6362:"Mapping LA Neighborhoods" 5695:The Sociological Quarterly 4716:Kessler, James S. (2005). 4393:Paul Harvey, Edward Blum. 4181:Migration Policy Institute 3937:Collins English Dictionary 3791:Bozorgmehr, Mehdi (2009). 3144: 3112: 2612:, member of the rock band 2312:, became the first female 2227: 2098: 2087:, directed and chaired by 1790: 1741: 1684:2016 presidential election 1633: 1603: 1544: 1283: 1182:South Texas Medical Center 1123:Baylor College of Medicine 620:(USCIS). According to the 601: 408: 370: 240: 11539: 11531:Punjabi Mexican Americans 11481: 11410: 11330: 10804: 10665:Liechtensteiner Americans 10489: 10018: 9663: 9652: 9520: 9390: 9381: 9248: 9228:East and Southeast Asians 9187: 9159: 9127:Asian Hispanic and Latino 9119: 9046: 8961: 8870: 8859: 8808: 8752: 8726: 8650: 8592:Foreign relations of Iran 8579: 8558: 8537: 8471: 8411: 8385: 8369: 8348: 8341: 7955:Samkian, Artineh (2007). 7918:Bayor, Ronald H. (2011). 7556:. Usc.edu. Archived from 4865:10.1017/S0021086200010847 4847:Hassanpour, Amir (1996). 3969:Papazian, Dennis (2000). 3933:"Definition of "Persian"" 3631:. ABC-CLIO. p. 213. 2805:, professional wrestlers 2780: 2466:Portland State University 2230:List of Iranian Americans 1781:personal property in Iran 1640:US sanctions against Iran 1117:Naval aircraft carrier). 953: 950: 947: 745:Chicago metropolitan area 642:American Community Survey 638:2010 United States Census 518:American Community Survey 439:First phase of emigration 236: 188: 183: 153: 148: 81: 76: 54: 49: 35: 11554:Native American ancestry 10341:Hungarian Slovak Gypsies 10197:Indo-Caribbean Americans 9946:Sierra Leonean Americans 9896:Bissau-Guinean Americans 9837:South Sudanese Americans 8644:Middle Eastern Americans 8018:10.1215/1089201X-1264352 7416:. 26 May 2007. p. 1 5760:10.1177/0002764206289656 5174:. 15 September 1994. p. 5005:. factfinder2.census.gov 3987:10.2143/JECS.52.3.565605 3826:. Routledge. p. 7. 3706:, vol. XXII no. 1 (1989) 3571:10.1177/0743558411402335 3029:Middle Eastern Americans 2916:of Washington state and 2587: 1396:There are religious and 1071: 353:Islamic Republic of Iran 85:(largest populations in 11516:Louisiana Creole people 10675:Luxembourgish Americans 9874:South African Americans 9790:Equatoguinean Americans 8602:Iranian nationality law 8271:22 October 2021 at the 7981:Ansari, Maboud (1993). 7899:Bakalian, Anny (1993). 7381:"The Iranian Americans" 6808:"The Iranian Americans" 6156:"Persia on the Pacific" 5877:10 January 2012 at the 5145:"Touring Little Persia" 4817:The Wall Street Journal 4658:"Iranian Studies Group" 3913:. Collinsdictionary.com 3698:24 October 2010 at the 2994:Iranian nationality law 2889:served as the mayor of 2753:, author and performer 2623:Nightly Business Report 2428:is the founder of IBX, 2365:Unify GmbH & Co. KG 2236:Business and technology 2069:). The fictional drama 2017: 1977:Sima va Nava-ye Iran TV 1210:Lackland Air Force Base 530:University of San Diego 16:Ethnic group in America 11303:Puerto Rican Americans 9901:Cape Verdean Americans 9736:Saint Lucian Americans 9512:Ethnocultural politics 9480:Racial achievement gap 9410:Educational attainment 9215:Science and technology 9195:Arts and Entertainment 8258:5 January 2019 at the 8059:. Gale ID CX3273300095 7634:. 2004. Archived from 7171:Orange County Register 7141:Orange County Register 6920:The Hollywood Reporter 5187:Fischer and Abedi, p. 5037:"2011 Language Mapper" 4941:Naficy, Hamid (1993). 3971:"Armenians in America" 2941:National Lawyers Guild 2398:Lead Producer for the 2296:was the co-founder of 2101:Anti-Iranian sentiment 1930: 1744:Communications in Iran 1664: 1656: 1588:Occupations and income 1188:or the climate of the 1129:also is an alumnus of 890:metropolitan area. In 802:San Francisco Bay Area 793: 599: 526:University of Colorado 509: 390:This article contains 11400:New Zealand Americans 11365:Micronesian Americans 11360:Marshallese Americans 11261:Costa Rican Americans 10720:Sammarinese Americans 10695:Montenegrin Americans 10432:Azerbaijani Americans 10395:Palestinian Americans 10317:Singaporean Americans 10165:Bangladeshi Americans 9780:Cameroonian Americans 9502:Unemployment by state 9139:Multiracial Americans 8289:20 March 2015 at the 8033:Gillis, Mary (2014). 6322:"Iran Travel Warning" 5106:"Mayor makes history" 3726:, 23 September 2008, 3625:Zanger, Mark (2001). 2420:, succeeding founder 2209:), Pejman Nozad, and 2115:social discrimination 2044:The Iranian Americans 2028:The Iranian Americans 1917: 1752:Tehran Stock Exchange 1662: 1647: 1131:University of Houston 783: 751:Kings Point, New York 573: 504: 466:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 342:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 280:Westwood, Los Angeles 11473:Venezuelan Americans 11463:Surinamese Americans 11453:Paraguayan Americans 11443:Ecuadorian Americans 11395:Australian Americans 11286:Salvadoran Americans 11281:Panamanian Americans 11276:Nicaraguan Americans 11266:Guatemalan Americans 10705:Portuguese Americans 10680:Macedonian Americans 10670:Lithuanian Americans 10524:Belarusian Americans 10437:Circassian Americans 10327:Vietnamese Americans 10297:Indonesian Americans 10251:Sri Lankan Americans 10104:Fuzhounese Americans 9941:Senegalese Americans 9879:Zimbabwean Americans 9751:Vincentian Americans 9200:Broadcast journalism 8459:United Arab Emirates 6594:. Farhang Foundation 6297:on 24 September 2015 5630:on 21 December 2008. 5562:on 14 February 2008. 5001:12 February 2020 at 4908:The Sunday Telegraph 4702:10 July 2017 at the 4526:Esfandiari, Golnaz. 4338:Bahareh H. Lampert. 3748:Frye, Richard Nelson 3734:, 9780385528429. p. 3150:Hafte Sobh Newspaper 2961:United States portal 2891:Glendale, California 2837:The son of the late 2795:T. J. Houshmandzadeh 2308:, co-founder of the 2140:(AIPAC) conference: 1711:Trump Administration 1574:Glendale, California 1442:Iranian Azerbaijanis 1389:are making Iranians 1274:is a Texan by birth. 1224:Public party during 1082:Texas Medical Center 1028:Bel Air, Los Angeles 1002:Tarzana, Los Angeles 765:Nashville, Tennessee 700:, stating 1,500,000 357:non-Persian Iranians 270:and the fall of the 11468:Uruguayan Americans 11438:Colombian Americans 11428:Brazilian Americans 11418:Argentine Americans 11298:Dominican Americans 11192:Alaskan Athabaskans 10791:Non-Hispanic whites 10784:Ukrainian Americans 10762:Slovenian Americans 10740:Norwegian Americans 10735:Icelandic Americans 10638:Hungarian Americans 10571:Bulgarian Americans 10375:Jordanian Americans 10312:Malaysian Americans 10282:Cambodian Americans 10234:Pakistani Americans 10224:Maldivian Americans 10177:Bhutanese Americans 10148:Taiwanese Americans 10138:Mongolian Americans 10119:Hong Kong Americans 9847:Tanzanian Americans 9822:Ethiopian Americans 9785:Congolese Americans 9716:Grenadian Americans 9701:Bermudian Americans 9696:Barbadian Americans 9430:Housing segregation 9384:Demographic history 9238:Model minority myth 8035:"Iranian Americans" 7656:on 26 February 2008 7586:on 19 December 2011 7560:on 10 December 2011 7533:on 13 December 2007 7442:. Supercluster, LLC 7225:. 28 February 2017. 6890:The Washington Post 6676:(1 December 2012). 6432:on 6 September 2019 6243:on 16 November 2009 6128:McIntosh, Phyllis. 6046:on 14 December 2022 5788:on 25 November 2011 5652:on 15 January 2013. 5328:on 26 February 2018 5310:. 22 November 2017. 5213:Karkabi, Barbara. " 5086:Osborne, Lawrence. 4915:on 26 February 2008 4643:17 May 2012 at the 4572:on 15 February 2020 4480:on 13 February 2016 4159:Middle East Journal 3499:McIntosh, Phyllis. 2910:Assistant Secretary 2907:Treasury Department 2594:Christiane Amanpour 2468:, $ 8 million; and 2408:from 1999 to 2007. 2214:Christiane Amanpour 2107:Zogby International 2065:(2014; directed by 2055:(2014; directed by 2030:(2012; directed by 1923:National Geographic 1884:Stanford University 1820:Department of State 1700:Iran–U.S. relations 1502:permanent residents 1270:the captain of the 1054:Rancho Palos Verdes 944: 924:Rancho Palos Verdes 798:Greater Los Angeles 664:. According to the 646:American Factfinder 536:. According to the 497:Contemporary period 425:Jamestown, Virginia 32: 11458:Peruvian Americans 11448:Guyanese Americans 11423:Bolivian Americans 11345:Chamorro Americans 11271:Honduran Americans 11256:Belizean Americans 11241:Canadian Americans 10710:Romanian Americans 10690:Moldovan Americans 10623:Galician Americans 10601:Estonian Americans 10581:Croatian Americans 10559:Scottish Americans 10514:Austrian Americans 10509:Asturian Americans 10504:Albanian Americans 10447:Georgian Americans 10427:Assyrian Americans 10422:Armenian Americans 10385:Lebanese Americans 10360:Bahraini Americans 10287:Filipino Americans 10229:Nepalese Americans 10192:Gujarati Americans 10143:Ryukyuan Americans 10128:Japanese Americans 10006:Egyptian Americans 9994:Tunisian Americans 9979:Algerian Americans 9951:Togolese Americans 9936:Nigerian Americans 9926:Liberian Americans 9911:Ghanaian Americans 9891:Beninese Americans 9869:Malawian Americans 9842:Sudanese Americans 9817:Eritrean Americans 9795:Gabonese Americans 9726:Jamaican Americans 9691:Bahamian Americans 9597:Moorish Scientists 9497:Standard of living 8597:Iran's brain drain 8077:The New York Times 7940:, Iranian Studies. 7876:Journal, A. B. A. 7857:on 4 December 2020 7638:on 26 August 2007. 7507:on 4 December 2007 7464:. 1 November 2013. 7414:Oracle Corporation 7335:on 22 October 2021 7308:The New York Times 7113:. 31 December 2008 7030:. 16 November 2021 6976:Golden Gate Xpress 6896:on 1 December 2017 6332:on 1 December 2017 5981:The New York Times 5928:on 14 January 2020 5239:3 May 2014 at the 5232:Shellnutt, Kate. " 5023:, 9 November 2008. 4973:– via JSTOR. 4947:Middle East Report 4443:Yeganeh, Torbati. 3993:on 29 October 2014 3722:, by Hooman Majd, 3181:. 7 September 2012 3024:Mandaean Americans 2937:Azadeh Shahshahani 2819:Alecko Eskandarian 2652:Shohreh Aghdashloo 2554:George Bournoutian 2512:, the inventor of 2434:Intuitive Machines 2298:Oracle Corporation 2072:Surviving Paradise 2057:Jonathan Kesselman 2024:film documentaries 1979:; Parviz Kardan's 1931: 1665: 1657: 1579:A study regarding 1525:Community Outreach 1375:Harvard University 1296:Iranian Revolution 1286:Irreligion in Iran 1190:Texas Hill Country 1121:was a graduate of 1111:Farinaz Koushanfar 940: 855:countries (Egypt, 794: 614:Iranian Revolution 608:Demography of Iran 600: 510: 462:Iranian Revolution 429:Mirza Mohammad Ali 268:Iranian Revolution 24: 11596: 11595: 11592: 11591: 11549:American ancestry 11433:Chilean Americans 11375:Palauan Americans 11308:Mexican Americans 10767:Spanish Americans 10752:Serbian Americans 10745:Swedish Americans 10715:Russian Americans 10685:Maltese Americans 10660:Latvian Americans 10648:Italian Americans 10606:Finnish Americans 10586:Cypriot Americans 10576:Catalan Americans 10549:English Americans 10544:Cornish Americans 10539:British Americans 10534:Bosnian Americans 10529:Belgian Americans 10479:Turkish Americans 10474:Kurdish Americans 10462:Israeli Americans 10452:Iranian Americans 10442:Chechen Americans 10380:Kuwaiti Americans 10365:Emirati Americans 10307:Laotian Americans 10302:Iu Mien Americans 10270:Burmese Americans 10239:Punjabi Americans 10202:Punjabi Americans 10187:Bengali Americans 10170:Bengali Americans 10153:Tibetan Americans 10097:Chinese Americans 10075:Turkmen Americans 10048:Pashtun Americans 9989:Moroccan American 9921:Ivorian Americans 9916:Guinean Americans 9906:Gambian Americans 9864:Angolan Americans 9852:Ugandan Americans 9721:Haitian Americans 9671:African Americans 9470:Racial inequality 9440:Income inequality 9405:Gender inequality 9341: 9340: 8768: 8767: 8610: 8609: 8467: 8466: 7966:978-0-549-48257-4 7929:978-0-313-35787-9 7910:978-1-56000-025-9 7788:on 6 October 2008 7704:Los Angeles Times 7480:Naples Daily News 7462:"Leadership Team" 7223:Los Angeles Times 7009:978-0-7618-7171-2 6941:Hagopian, Kevin. 6812:KPBS Public Media 6760:Houston Chronicle 6626:978-0-520-08008-9 6572:978-0-8166-2084-5 6545:978-0-8223-4775-0 6488:978-0-8147-6691-0 6366:Los Angeles Times 6013:978-0-8147-6692-7 5580:SAGE Publications 5450:Houston Chronicle 5396:Houston Chronicle 5368:Houston Chronicle 5246:Houston Chronicle 5220:Houston Chronicle 5016:Los Angeles Times 4612:"Community Facts" 4511:978-0-313-35787-9 4501:Ronald H. Bayor. 4403:978-0-231-14020-1 4348:978-0-549-63520-8 3887:978-0-313-32384-3 3860:978-1-4381-1913-7 3833:978-1-317-47621-4 3806:978-0-674-04493-7 3691:Yarshater, Ehsan 3674:978-0-542-97374-1 3638:978-1-57356-345-1 3608:978-0-7575-0637-6 3473:Los Angeles Times 3246:on 5 January 2019 2851:Jamshid Amouzegar 2823:Steven Beitashour 2793:football players 2735:Tehran Von Ghasri 2720:Rostam Batmanglij 2578:Nariman Farvardin 2518:Lotfi Asker Zadeh 2502:Nima Arkani-Hamed 2494:Maryam Mirzakhani 2410:Dara Khosrowshahi 2405:World of Warcraft 2346:Blue_Origin_NS-26 2320:became the first 2276:, founder/CEO of 2187:Iranian-Americans 2157:white supremacist 2008:Bottom of the Pot 1981:Shahr-e Farang TV 1891:Freedom Sculpture 1807:embassy in Tehran 1636:Iran–US relations 1547:Education in Iran 1226:Chaharshanbe Suri 1174:Dallas-Fort Worth 1162:Dallas-Fort Worth 1062: 1061: 851:, 11.7% in other 825:Los Angeles Times 692:Sources from the 398:rendering support 326:Reza Shah Pahlavi 257:Persian Americans 253:Iranian Americans 250: 249: 222:Roman Catholicism 177:languages of Iran 72:(other estimates) 25:Iranian Americans 11626: 11385:Tongan Americans 11380:Samoan Americans 11370:Native Hawaiians 11350:Fijian Americans 11252:Central America 10812:Native Americans 10757:Slovak Americans 10730:Danish Americans 10700:Polish Americans 10628:German Americans 10611:French Americans 10519:Basque Americans 10469:Lezgin Americans 10457:Jewish Americans 10415:Yemeni Americans 10410:Syrian Americans 10400:Qatari Americans 10336:Romani Americans 10244:Sindhi Americans 10217:Telugu Americans 10207:Sindhi Americans 10182:Indian Americans 10133:Korean Americans 10080:Uyghur Americans 10065:Kyrgyz Americans 10060:Kazakh Americans 10055:Baloch Americans 10043:Afghan Americans 10001:Coptic Americans 9984:Libyan Americans 9974:Berber Americans 9958:Yoruba Americans 9931:Malian Americans 9832:Somali Americans 9827:Kenyan Americans 9661: 9660: 9654:By continent and 9425:Household income 9368: 9361: 9354: 9345: 9344: 9328:Washington, D.C. 8865: 8795: 8788: 8781: 8772: 8771: 8637: 8630: 8623: 8614: 8613: 8346: 8345: 8335:Iranian diaspora 8333: 8332: 8321: 8314: 8307: 8298: 8297: 8228: 8211: 8194: 8165: 8146:Maghbouleh, Neda 8140: 8113: 8088: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8029: 7996: 7985:. Pardis Press. 7970: 7951: 7933: 7914: 7886: 7885: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7853:. Archived from 7843: 7837: 7831: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7820: 7815:on 24 April 2012 7804: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7784:. 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Archived from 7072: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7020: 7014: 7013: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6970:Trent, Paisley. 6967: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6947:The Conversation 6938: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6912: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6892:. Archived from 6881: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6865:. 3 January 2013 6855: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6844: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6814:. 7 January 2013 6804: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6725: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6699: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6674:Maghbouleh, Neda 6670: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6610: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6529: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6472: 6461: 6460: 6448: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6428:. Archived from 6422: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6402:. Archived from 6395: 6389: 6388: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6358: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6328:. Archived from 6326:travel.state.gov 6318: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6286: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6233: 6224: 6221: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6200: 6192: 6179: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6125: 6119: 6116: 6110: 6107: 6101: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6081: 6070: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6036: 6030: 6024: 6018: 6017: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5971: 5965: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5924:. Archived from 5914: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5888: 5882: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5852: 5841: 5833: 5818: 5817: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5743: 5737: 5736: 5710: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5660: 5654: 5653: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5622: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5516:. 21 April 2019. 5510: 5504: 5503: 5502:. 21 April 2019. 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5476: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5386: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5324:. Archived from 5318: 5312: 5311: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5284:. Archived from 5271: 5265: 5264: 5257: 5251: 5230: 5224: 5211: 5205: 5198: 5192: 5185: 5179: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5140: 5134: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5112:. 27 March 2007. 5102: 5096: 5095: 5092:San Diego Reader 5083: 5077: 5076: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5033: 5024: 5012: 5006: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4938: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4859:(3/4): 378–381. 4844: 4823: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4791: 4780: 4779: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4752:on 12 April 2018 4748:. Archived from 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4713: 4707: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4660:. Archived from 4654: 4648: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4608: 4602: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4571: 4558: 4549: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4523: 4514: 4499: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4476:. Archived from 4466: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4440: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4414: 4405: 4391: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4368: 4359: 4350: 4336: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4305: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4282: 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4211: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4171: 4162: 4161:56 (2): 272–295. 4155: 4149: 4143: 4134: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4114: 4108:. Archived from 4103: 4095: 4056: 4050: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4012: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3989:. Archived from 3981:(3–4): 311–347. 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3907: 3901: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3788: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3744: 3738: 3713: 3707: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3667:. pp. 3–4. 3658: 3652: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3554: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3522: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3496: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3414: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3389: 3372: 3371: 3365: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3347: 3341:. Archived from 3340: 3332: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3312: 3305: 3297: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3245: 3238: 3229: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3208:on 22 March 2014 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3171: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3119:Shargh Newspaper 3110: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3087: 3076: 3075: 3068: 2989:Iranian diaspora 2977: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2963: 2958: 2957: 2956: 2929:, Oklahoma Rep. 2903:Cyrus Amir-Mokri 2614:System of a Down 2570:Rahmat Shoureshi 2522:Vartan Gregorian 2510:Gholam A. Peyman 2484:, a director at 2472:, $ 30 million. 2174:, Adam Purinton 2119:racial profiling 2111:airport security 1952:Nielsen Holdings 1811:protecting power 1799:Swiss government 1653:Republican Party 1535:fall of the Shah 1531:Iranian diaspora 1476:, among others. 1379:Robert D. Putnam 1290:Religion in Iran 1272:USS Harry Truman 1268:Kavon Hakimzadeh 1264: 1252: 1237: 1221: 1194:Zagros Mountains 1115:USS Harry Truman 976:West Los Angeles 945: 939: 722:Washington, D.C. 596: 590: 584: 578: 480:Islamic Republic 433:Ulysses S. Grant 421:Iranian-Armenian 386: 385: 272:Persian monarchy 255:, also known as 244: 159:As well native ( 155:American English 123:Washington, D.C. 50:Total population 40: 33: 31: 30: 29:ایرانیانِ آمریکا 23: 11634: 11633: 11629: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11624: 11623: 11599: 11598: 11597: 11588: 11535: 11477: 11406: 11326: 11293:Cuban Americans 10934:Mission Indians 10800: 10779:Swiss Americans 10643:Irish Americans 10633:Greek Americans 10596:Dutch Americans 10591:Czech Americans 10564:Welsh Americans 10499:White Americans 10485: 10405:Saudi Americans 10390:Omani Americans 10370:Iraqi Americans 10292:Hmong Americans 10275:Karen Americans 10256:Tamil Americans 10212:Tamil Americans 10114:Hoklo Americans 10109:Hakka Americans 10085:Uzbek Americans 10070:Tajik Americans 10026:Asian Americans 10014: 9656:ethnic ancestry 9655: 9648: 9614:Native American 9602:Nation of Islam 9592:Five Percenters 9516: 9485:Racial wage gap 9475:Race and health 9460:Personal income 9392: 9386: 9377: 9372: 9342: 9337: 9244: 9183: 9155: 9132:Punjabi Mexican 9115: 9048:Southeast Asian 9042: 8957: 8866: 8857: 8804: 8802:Asian Americans 8799: 8769: 8764: 8748: 8722: 8646: 8641: 8611: 8606: 8587:Iranian peoples 8575: 8554: 8533: 8463: 8407: 8381: 8365: 8337: 8327: 8325: 8291:Wayback Machine 8273:Wayback Machine 8260:Wayback Machine 8235: 8162: 8129: 8110: 8062: 8060: 8049: 7993: 7977: 7975:Further reading 7967: 7930: 7911: 7895: 7890: 7889: 7874: 7870: 7860: 7858: 7845: 7844: 7840: 7832: 7828: 7818: 7816: 7805: 7801: 7791: 7789: 7774: 7770: 7760: 7758: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7734: 7732: 7730:savoirfaireband 7724: 7723: 7719: 7709: 7707: 7695: 7691: 7681: 7679: 7676:"Archive Pages" 7674: 7673: 7669: 7659: 7657: 7648: 7647: 7643: 7626: 7625: 7621: 7611: 7609: 7606:"Archive Pages" 7604: 7603: 7599: 7589: 7587: 7580:"SF State News" 7578: 7577: 7573: 7563: 7561: 7550: 7546: 7536: 7534: 7525: 7524: 7520: 7510: 7508: 7499: 7498: 7494: 7484: 7482: 7474: 7473: 7469: 7460: 7459: 7455: 7445: 7443: 7434: 7433: 7429: 7419: 7417: 7409: 7405: 7404: 7400: 7390: 7388: 7387:on 6 March 2016 7379: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7352: 7348: 7338: 7336: 7327: 7326: 7322: 7312: 7310: 7300: 7296: 7286: 7284: 7272: 7268: 7253: 7249: 7234: 7230: 7217: 7216: 7212: 7202: 7200: 7190: 7186: 7176: 7174: 7160: 7156: 7146: 7144: 7130: 7126: 7116: 7114: 7105: 7104: 7100: 7090: 7088: 7087:on 14 June 2012 7073: 7069: 7059: 7057: 7047: 7043: 7033: 7031: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7010: 6994: 6990: 6980: 6978: 6968: 6961: 6951: 6949: 6939: 6935: 6925: 6923: 6922:. 13 March 2014 6914: 6913: 6909: 6899: 6897: 6882: 6878: 6868: 6866: 6857: 6856: 6852: 6842: 6840: 6832: 6831: 6827: 6817: 6815: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6791: 6789: 6779: 6775: 6765: 6763: 6751: 6747: 6737: 6735: 6727: 6726: 6722: 6712: 6710: 6700: 6696: 6686: 6684: 6671: 6667: 6657: 6655: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6611: 6607: 6597: 6595: 6584: 6580: 6573: 6557: 6553: 6546: 6530: 6523: 6513: 6511: 6500: 6496: 6489: 6473: 6464: 6449: 6445: 6435: 6433: 6424: 6423: 6419: 6409: 6407: 6400:"Persian POWER" 6396: 6392: 6377: 6373: 6360: 6359: 6355: 6343: 6335: 6333: 6320: 6319: 6310: 6300: 6298: 6287: 6283: 6273: 6271: 6270:on 4 March 2016 6260: 6256: 6246: 6244: 6235: 6234: 6227: 6222: 6218: 6208: 6206: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6182: 6173: 6169: 6152: 6148: 6138: 6136: 6126: 6122: 6117: 6113: 6108: 6104: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6082:on 5 March 2009 6079: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6059: 6049: 6047: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6025: 6021: 6014: 6000: 5996: 5986: 5984: 5972: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5952:, p. 1081. 5948: 5941: 5931: 5929: 5916: 5915: 5911: 5901: 5899: 5889: 5885: 5879:Wayback Machine 5870: 5866: 5856: 5854: 5853:on 4 March 2016 5850: 5839: 5835: 5834: 5821: 5816:. 28 June 2018. 5806: 5805: 5801: 5791: 5789: 5780: 5779: 5775: 5744: 5740: 5708:10.1.1.618.7415 5691: 5687: 5680: 5670:Lexington Books 5662: 5661: 5657: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5627: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5611: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5590: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5540: 5539: 5535: 5530:. 4 March 2018. 5526: 5525: 5521: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5474: 5470: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5453: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5416: 5415: 5411: 5401: 5399: 5387: 5383: 5373: 5371: 5359: 5355: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5331: 5329: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5288:on 27 July 2019 5273: 5272: 5268: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5241:Wayback Machine 5231: 5227: 5212: 5208: 5199: 5195: 5186: 5182: 5167: 5163: 5153: 5151: 5141: 5137: 5121: 5117: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5084: 5080: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5035: 5034: 5027: 5013: 5009: 4994: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4955:10.2307/3013230 4939: 4928: 4918: 4916: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4853:Iranian Studies 4845: 4826: 4815: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4792: 4783: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4740:"Ancestry Maps" 4738: 4737: 4733: 4723: 4721: 4714: 4710: 4704:Wayback Machine 4695: 4691: 4682: 4681: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4656: 4655: 4651: 4645:Wayback Machine 4636: 4632: 4622: 4620: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4556: 4550: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4524: 4517: 4505:ABC-CLIO, 2011 4500: 4493: 4483: 4481: 4468: 4467: 4463: 4453: 4451: 4441: 4434: 4424: 4422: 4415: 4408: 4392: 4385: 4375: 4373: 4366: 4360: 4353: 4342:page 50, 2008. 4337: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4307: 4306: 4299: 4289: 4287: 4280: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4267:, p. 1078. 4263: 4259: 4249: 4247: 4229: 4225: 4215: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4186: 4184: 4172: 4165: 4156: 4152: 4148:, p. 1077. 4144: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4115:on 4 March 2016 4112: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4059: 4055:, p. 1076. 4051: 4034: 4024: 4022: 4014: 4013: 4006: 3996: 3994: 3967: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3916: 3914: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3845: 3841: 3834: 3818: 3814: 3807: 3789: 3778: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3745: 3741: 3714: 3710: 3704:Iranian Studies 3700:Wayback Machine 3690: 3686: 3675: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3639: 3623: 3619: 3609: 3593: 3589: 3555: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3523: 3516: 3506: 3504: 3497: 3488: 3478: 3476: 3464: 3460: 3450: 3448: 3441: 3437: 3427: 3425: 3424:on 6 March 2023 3416: 3415: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3391: 3390: 3375: 3359: 3358: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3338: 3336:"Archived copy" 3334: 3333: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3313:on 25 July 2012 3310: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3263: 3259: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3236: 3230: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3173: 3172: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3143: 3139: 3129: 3127: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3079: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3060: 2973: 2968: 2966: 2959: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2835: 2803:Shar Pourdanesh 2799:David Bakhtiari 2783: 2743:Kamshad Kooshan 2716:Reza Sixo Safai 2692:Medalion Rahimi 2680:Desiree Akhavan 2656:Cyrus Nowrasteh 2590: 2580:, president of 2534:Nouriel Roubini 2506:Mina J. Bissell 2478: 2446: 2422:Travis Kalanick 2369:Omid Kordestani 2355:, entrepreneur 2318:Jasmin Moghbeli 2306:Anousheh Ansari 2238: 2233: 2226: 2211:British Iranian 2191:Omid Kordestani 2166:In 2017 in the 2149:U.S. government 2103: 2097: 2081: 2032:Andrew Goldberg 2020: 1993:Shahs of Sunset 1944:Iranian-Kurdish 1912: 1907: 1832: 1830:Accomplishments 1795: 1793:Tourism in Iran 1789: 1754: 1748:Economy of Iran 1740: 1688:Hillary Clinton 1642: 1632: 1608: 1602: 1590: 1549: 1543: 1527: 1514: 1486: 1434: 1398:ethnolinguistic 1368:margin of error 1350:8%, Baháʼí 7%, 1292: 1282: 1275: 1265: 1256: 1253: 1244: 1238: 1229: 1228:in San Antonio. 1222: 1166:Anousheh Ansari 1099:Jasmin Moghbeli 1074: 884:ethnic enclaves 778: 773: 753:, a village in 634: 610: 598: 594: 592: 588: 586: 582: 580: 576: 568: 499: 458: 450:1979 Revolution 441: 413: 407: 406: 405: 396:Without proper 387: 383: 378: 373: 338:Sasanian Empire 310: 237: 158: 68: 59: 45: 44: 26: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11632: 11622: 11621: 11616: 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10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10355:Arab Americans 10346: 10345: 10344: 10343: 10332: 10331: 10330: 10329: 10324: 10322:Thai Americans 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10265:Southeast Asia 10262: 10261: 10260: 10259: 10258: 10248: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10220: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10179: 10174: 10173: 10172: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10124: 10123: 10122: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10089: 10088: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10051: 10050: 10035: 10034: 10033: 10022: 10020: 10016: 10015: 10013: 10012: 10011: 10010: 10009: 10008: 9998: 9997: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9965: 9964: 9963: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9955: 9954: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9856: 9855: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9809: 9807:Igbo Americans 9804: 9802:Fula Americans 9799: 9798: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9767: 9766: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9754: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9667: 9665: 9658: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9634:Scientologists 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9610: 9609: 9607:Value Creators 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9563: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9537: 9532: 9526: 9524: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9488: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9455:Middle classes 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9420:Home-ownership 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9396: 9394: 9388: 9387: 9382: 9379: 9378: 9371: 9370: 9363: 9356: 9348: 9339: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9308:North Carolina 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9269: 9268: 9263: 9252: 9250: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9242: 9241: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9191: 9189: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9165: 9163: 9157: 9156: 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Payvand.com. 7826: 7799: 7768: 7742: 7717: 7689: 7667: 7641: 7619: 7597: 7571: 7544: 7518: 7492: 7467: 7453: 7427: 7398: 7372: 7346: 7320: 7294: 7266: 7247: 7228: 7210: 7184: 7154: 7124: 7098: 7067: 7041: 7015: 7008: 6988: 6959: 6933: 6907: 6876: 6850: 6825: 6799: 6773: 6745: 6720: 6694: 6665: 6639: 6625: 6605: 6578: 6571: 6551: 6544: 6521: 6494: 6487: 6462: 6443: 6417: 6406:on 31 May 2015 6390: 6371: 6353: 6308: 6281: 6254: 6225: 6216: 6180: 6167: 6161:The New Yorker 6146: 6120: 6111: 6102: 6093: 6057: 6031: 6029:, p. 102. 6019: 6012: 5994: 5966: 5954: 5939: 5909: 5883: 5864: 5819: 5799: 5773: 5738: 5701:(4): 681–703. 5685: 5678: 5655: 5633: 5609: 5595: 5588: 5565: 5547: 5544:. 2 July 2016. 5533: 5519: 5505: 5491: 5463: 5435: 5424:. 25 June 2018 5409: 5381: 5353: 5339: 5313: 5299: 5266: 5252: 5225: 5206: 5193: 5180: 5161: 5135: 5115: 5097: 5078: 5060: 5042: 5025: 5007: 4988: 4976: 4949:(180): 31–34. 4926: 4894: 4824: 4809: 4781: 4763: 4731: 4708: 4689: 4675: 4664:on 26 May 2022 4649: 4647:. Payvand.com. 4630: 4603: 4583: 4541: 4530:. The Atlantic 4515: 4491: 4461: 4432: 4417:Reinl, James. 4406: 4383: 4351: 4324: 4310:Ancestry: 2000 4297: 4269: 4257: 4223: 4198: 4163: 4150: 4135: 4126: 4057: 4032: 4004: 3961: 3949: 3924: 3902: 3893: 3886: 3866: 3859: 3839: 3832: 3812: 3805: 3776: 3762: 3739: 3708: 3684: 3673: 3653: 3644: 3637: 3617: 3607: 3587: 3565:(5): 543–569. 3544: 3514: 3486: 3458: 3435: 3406: 3373: 3348:on 5 June 2021 3324: 3283: 3257: 3219: 3192: 3177:(in Persian). 3163: 3137: 3122:(in Persian). 3105: 3077: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2964: 2948: 2945: 2931:Stephanie Bice 2918:Adrin Nazarian 2895:Anna M. Kaplan 2871:George W. Bush 2847:Hushang Ansary 2834: 2831: 2811:The Iron Sheik 2782: 2779: 2763:Shabnam Rezaei 2759:Daryush Shokof 2751:Farhad Safinia 2712:Navid Negahban 2664:Catherine Bell 2610:Daron Malakian 2589: 2586: 2566:Rashid Massumi 2477: 2474: 2445: 2442: 2426:Kam Ghaffarian 2412:became CEO of 2396:Shahram Dabiri 2384:Salar Kamangar 2342:Eiman Jahangir 2310:Ansari X Prize 2274:Pierre Omidyar 2237: 2234: 2225: 2224:Notable people 2222: 2183:Lindsey Graham 2096: 2095:Discrimination 2093: 2080: 2077: 2062:Shirin in Love 2019: 2016: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1905:Representation 1903: 1899:Cyrus Cylinder 1831: 1828: 1824:travel to Iran 1788: 1787:Travel to Iran 1785: 1739: 1736: 1649:Stephanie Bice 1631: 1628: 1601: 1598: 1589: 1586: 1569:New York Times 1542: 1539: 1526: 1523: 1513: 1510: 1485: 1482: 1433: 1430: 1360:Roman Catholic 1281: 1278: 1277: 1276: 1266: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1247: 1245: 1239: 1232: 1230: 1223: 1216: 1172:, a suburb of 1135:Hushang Ansary 1094:living there. 1073: 1070: 1060: 1059: 1056: 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9677: 9674: 9673: 9672: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9651: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9624:Non-religious 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9584: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9542: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9523: 9519: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9472: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9389: 9385: 9380: 9376: 9369: 9364: 9362: 9357: 9355: 9350: 9349: 9346: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9298:New York City 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9273:Metro Detroit 9271: 9267: 9266:San Francisco 9264: 9262: 9259: 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August 2019 6204: 6197: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6177: 6171: 6163: 6162: 6157: 6150: 6134: 6131: 6124: 6115: 6106: 6097: 6078: 6074: 6067: 6061: 6045: 6041: 6035: 6028: 6023: 6015: 6009: 6005: 5998: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5958: 5951: 5946: 5944: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5898: 5894: 5887: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5868: 5849: 5845: 5838: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5803: 5787: 5783: 5777: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5742: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5689: 5681: 5679:9780739117576 5675: 5671: 5667: 5666: 5659: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5626: 5619: 5613: 5605: 5599: 5591: 5589:9781452276267 5585: 5581: 5577: 5576: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5551: 5543: 5537: 5529: 5523: 5515: 5509: 5501: 5495: 5480: 5473: 5467: 5452: 5451: 5446: 5439: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5398: 5397: 5392: 5385: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5357: 5349: 5343: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5309: 5303: 5287: 5283: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5262: 5256: 5249: 5247: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5229: 5222: 5221: 5216: 5210: 5203: 5200:Rustomji, p. 5197: 5190: 5184: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5171:Houston Press 5165: 5150: 5149:Houston Press 5146: 5139: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5082: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5056: 5052: 5046: 5038: 5032: 5030: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5011: 5004: 5003:archive.today 5000: 4997: 4992: 4986:, p. 16. 4985: 4984:Bakalian 1993 4980: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4898: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4797: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4735: 4719: 4712: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4693: 4685: 4679: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4634: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4568: 4564: 4563: 4555: 4548: 4546: 4529: 4522: 4520: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4496: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4465: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4437: 4420: 4413: 4411: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4388: 4372: 4365: 4358: 4356: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4312: 4311: 4304: 4302: 4286: 4279: 4273: 4266: 4261: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4208: 4202: 4195: 4183: 4182: 4177: 4170: 4168: 4160: 4154: 4147: 4142: 4140: 4130: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4054: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4009: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3959:, p. 33. 3958: 3957:Bakalian 1993 3953: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3912: 3906: 3897: 3889: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3870: 3862: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3843: 3835: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3816: 3808: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3765: 3763:9781568591773 3759: 3755: 3754: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3694: 3688: 3681: 3676: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3657: 3648: 3640: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3621: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3591: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3532: 3528: 3521: 3519: 3502: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3475: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3446: 3439: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3411: 3394: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3369: 3363: 3344: 3337: 3331: 3329: 3309: 3302: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3242: 3235: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3168: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3126:. 20 May 2012 3125: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3109: 3094: 3093: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3073: 3067: 3063: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2976: 2965: 2962: 2951: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2887:Bob Yousefian 2884: 2883:Jimmy Delshad 2880: 2879:Beverly Hills 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2827:Afshin Ghotbi 2824: 2820: 2816: 2815:Amir Sadollah 2812: 2808: 2807:Shawn Daivari 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2755:Shahram Shiva 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2737:, filmmakers 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2700:Adrian Pasdar 2697: 2696:Bahar Soomekh 2693: 2689: 2688:Necar Zadegan 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2672:Nadia Bjorlin 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2644:Academy Award 2641: 2640:Rudi Bakhtiar 2637: 2633: 2632:Roya Hakakian 2629: 2625: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2562:Payam Heydari 2559: 2558:Nader Engheta 2555: 2551: 2550:Ehsan Afshari 2547: 2543: 2542:Pardis Sabeti 2539: 2535: 2531: 2530:Babak Hassibi 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2482:Firouz Naderi 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2456:, Texas. The 2455: 2451: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2388:Sina Tamaddon 2385: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2338:Expedition 70 2335: 2334:Expedition 69 2331: 2327: 2326:SpaceX Crew-7 2323: 2319: 2315: 2314:space tourist 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2231: 2221: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2193:(chairman of 2192: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2162: 2161:Laguna Niguel 2158: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2145:Merrill Lynch 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130:Martin Kramer 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2102: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2004: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1973:Jaam-e-Jam TV 1969: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1919:Davar Ardalan 1916: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1835: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1794: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1735: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1701: 1695: 1693: 1692:2020 election 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1661: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1627: 1623: 1621: 1616: 1614: 1607: 1597: 1595: 1585: 1582: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1548: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1522: 1518: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1488:According to 1481: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1387:Western ideas 1384: 1380: 1376: 1373:According to 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1291: 1287: 1273: 1269: 1263: 1258: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1220: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1147:honor killing 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1127:Kamal Kharazi 1124: 1120: 1119:Ibrahim Yazdi 1116: 1112: 1108: 1107:Shawn Daivari 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1087:Houston Press 1083: 1079: 1069: 1067: 1055: 1052: 1048: 1042: 1039: 1035: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1003: 1000: 996: 990: 987: 983: 977: 974: 970: 964: 963:Beverly Hills 961: 957: 946: 943: 938: 936: 931: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 912:Beverly Hills 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 880: 878: 874: 870: 866: 865:Beverly Hills 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 829: 826: 823:In 1985, the 821: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 791: 787: 782: 768: 766: 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 746: 742: 737: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 706: 703: 699: 695: 690: 688: 684: 679: 677: 676: 671: 667: 663: 659: 653: 651: 647: 643: 639: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 609: 605: 572: 563: 561: 557: 552: 549: 548: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 507: 503: 494: 491: 489: 483: 481: 476: 471: 467: 463: 453: 451: 447: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 417:North America 412: 403: 399: 395: 393: 376:Early history 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 314:Western world 305: 303: 298: 296: 291: 289: 285: 281: 278:community in 277: 273: 269: 264: 262: 258: 254: 243: 242: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 156: 152: 147: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 75: 71: 66: 62: 58:(2020 Census) 57: 53: 48: 39: 34: 19: 10451: 10038:Central Asia 9644:Zoroastrians 9492:Social class 9313:Philadelphia 9233:South Asians 9224:Stereotypes 9205:Demographics 8727:By ethnicity 8667: 8549: 8247: 8224: 8220: 8207: 8203: 8177:(1): 49–66. 8174: 8170: 8150: 8118: 8094: 8076: 8061:. 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