583:. He was charged with spreading propaganda, cooperating with hostile governments and forming an illegal group aimed at disrupting the country's security. Later the charge of sowing corruption on earth was added, which carries the death sentence. He is currently held in isolation in prison and is mostly denied contact with his lawyers. It has been reported that Salehi has been tortured and requires urgent medical care. His arrest attracted attention from international media outlets, with human rights organizations warning that it is unlikely Salehi or any of the many detained protesters will receive a fair trial. Salehi's songs are socially engaged and have explicitly criticized Iran's government, tackling topics such as poverty, women's inequality, human rights violations and corruption. Shortly before his arrest he released the protest songs
486:
work in the form of a blog. Bia2rap website was filtered in 2008 by
Iranian government, for the crime of broadcasting rap music. Through this music platform Iranian hip hop and its community could grow nationwide. On the website hip hop songs can be uploaded and reviewed. Artists can also communicate with each other and their listeners online. Before this website artists could often not do so and audiences were limited. This website also allowed artists to gain exposure and even make music videos, the earliest video dates back to 2005. In the mid-2000s, the first rap songs produced in Iran were aired on Persian news and music channels. As hip hop became more accessible its popularity grew, and by 2008 rap was a widely played musical genre.
523:. While this decision has since been partially reversed, the Iranian government continues to crack down on music that it considers harmful. Hip hop music, perceived and portrayed by the government as a morally degrading import from the West, falls in this category and is thus mostly prohibited in Iran. All artists in Iran are obliged to submit their productions to the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance for approval, which almost never deems hip hop tracks appropriate for release. The result of this is that most of the Iranian hip hop scene has been forced to go
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security officers during a demonstration, which Yasin denied. According to the
Kurdistan Human Rights Network, Yasin has been severely mistreated and tortured in order to gain a forced confession, and it has been reported that he tried to take his own life in jail. Yasin was found guilty and sentenced to death in November. Later Iran's Supreme Court annulled Yasin's sentence and called for a retrial, while at the same time upholding the death sentence of another protester called Mohammad Qobadloo.
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466:. In the early 2000s, rap music did not enjoy huge popularity yet within Iran and the emerging hip hop scene consisted of a relatively small community of artists based in several Iranian cities. Rappers often gathered to discuss what to rap about and write lyrics together. Hip hop tracks were recorded in basements and bedrooms turned into recording studios. Many now known artists started in these hidden studios, including 021,
536:
traditional segments of
Iranian society. This perception has been compounded by state media outlets, which have linked rapping to Satanism. The hip hop scene has been used by artists and their listeners as a space to resist society's Islamic-inspired expectations. As the popularity of hip hop grew, it became more prominent and appreciated as a medium for political criticism. Rapper
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661:, was the first Iranian hip hop album. It incorporated a fusion with traditional Persian harmonies and contributed remarkably to the evolution of hip hop in Iran. Hichkas co-founded 021 music group with Yashar and Shayan duo but they later separated from the group and created their own group renamed
726:
in
American hip hop culture. Rappers from East Tehran predominantly come from lower middle class or lower class, which is why they are inclined to use hip hop as a medium for social and political commentary. Their lyrics delve into issues like poverty, economic struggles, and social discrimination.
485:
Hip hop became more accessible in the mid-2000s, when the advance of the internet made it easier and cheaper for artists to reach their audiences. In 2003 a rap website called RapFa aired. Another website that was established at the same time was Bia2Rap. The founders of this website started their
672:
Zedbazi (Persian: زدبازی), founded officially in April 2002, is regarded as the pioneer of gangsta rap in Iran. The band quickly gained a huge popularity among the youth, due mainly to their use of explicit lyrics, littered with profanity and depictions of sex and drug use. They are credited with
607:
Saman Yasin (Persian: سامان یاسین), a
Kurdish dissident rapper who condemns oppression and inequality in his works, was arrested violently in October 2022 due to his support for the Mahsa Amini protests. The main charges brought against him were enmity against God and the attempted killing of
535:
Rap music and the surrounding hip hop culture that emerged in Iran in the early 20th century defied the country's traditional
Islamic conventions and customs. Due to the inclusion of taboo topics and the use of slang and swearing, hip hop is labeled as subversive and morally corrupting by the
554:. Hip hop artists have pointed to the directness inherent in rap music to explain the suitability of the genre as a platform for social and religious critique. However, this does not mean that Islamic values and practices have no place in hip hop, as some artists, such as Tataloo and
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Although different governments have restricted musical expression to varying extents, in general rappers cannot get permission to perform in Iran. On several occasions, recording studios have been shut down, websites have been blocked, and artists have been arrested. During the
616:
Many
Iranian hip hop artists focus on the Persian identity, as opposed to Arab identity, in their music. The Persian identity and histories that they pride is often that of the ancient Persian Empire, and not the current state. Some artists incorporate local elements such as
632:'. Furthermore, global hip hop themes, such as violence, sex and drugs, are common topics. In Persian hip hop, these taboo themes tend to be discussed with a view to their broader societal and economic implications, taking on a layer of social or political critique.
829:
498:'s disputed 2009 re-election, a widespread crackdown on artistic expression occurred that targeted those who had participated in or supported the protests. Many rappers have since emigrated from Iran. Only a few works have been officially approved by the
727:
Rappers from West Tehran frequently focus on topics like parties, and lifestyles associated with a high socio-economic status. Consequently, rappers from East Tehran look down upon the rappers from the wealthier western part of the city.
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and tension between rappers from East Tehran and West Tehran took place. This rivalry was driven by the disparities in their economic and social backgrounds. In addition, tensions were strengthened by existing rivalries between the
774:
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699:(Persian: سالومه امسی), who started her career collaborating with Hichkas, was one of the first women to contribute to Iranian hip hop. She was named as an influential and "revolutionizing" artist by
1739:
828:
1397:"How Female Singers in Iran Challenge Restriction by Retrieving Collective Memory: Their Genre, Visual Representation, and Different Implications for the National and International Audience"
447:
into
Persian and spread recordings of these songs on the internet. A little later these individuals would start writing their own lyrics and experimented with producing original tracks.
482:
for example, two rappers who belong to the 'first generation' of
Iranian hip hop, have recounted how they would throw their CDs through the windows of cars waiting at traffic lights.
771:
647:, was founded during the late 1990s. Hichkas (Persian: هیچکس), the lead figure of this group, came to be one of Iran's earliest renowned rappers, and therefore nicknamed the
772:
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Salehi calls upon his listeners to take part in the uprising, showing clips from the Mahsa Amini protests in the song's music video. In the music video released for
599:, Salehi is seen rapping his lyrics, in which he predicts the end of the Islamic regime, to a man with a concealed face representing the country's ruling system.
818:
474:. Because of the illegal status of rap in Iran, these tracks had to be circulated through unofficial channels, which sometimes required artists to get creative:
527:. Female artists are especially restricted in Iran, as women cannot sing in public and solo female vocalists are prohibited from performing in front of men.
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culture, but has developed into a distinct rap style that draws on
Iranian cultural concepts and engages with the modern issues Iranians are facing today.
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1531:
579:(Persian: توماج صالحی) was violently arrested by Iran's security forces. Salehi, who raps under his first name Toomaj, had been actively involved in the
1365:
741:. This documentary explores the emerging hip hop scene in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The film was screened at several international film festivals.
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558:, incorporate these themes into their works. There are also rappers who have released pro-government songs. Tataloo, for example, has released '
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555:
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2013:
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Hip hop music is not considered a legitimate artform by Iran's authorities. All forms of music were banned shortly after the 1979
391:
1217:"Untold Stories of DIY/Underground Iranian Rap Culture: The Legitimization of Iranian Hip-Hop and the Loss of Radical Potential"
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Yas (Persian: یاس) was the first Iranian rapper to be authorized to perform in Iran. He reached national fame through his song
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1609:""جامعه جهانی و سازمانهای هنری و نهادهای مدافع آزادی بیان باید یکصدا خواهان آزادی فوری و بیقید شرط توماج صالحی شوند""
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Other themes include social and political conditions and events, and slandering other rappers, also called '
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2268:
1506:""Family fears for life of rapper they say was violently arrested after encouraging Iranians to protest.""
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has vocalized his dissatisfaction with Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's administration in his 2008 breakthrough song
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Both artists in Iran and artists from the Iranian diaspora are regarded as Iranian hip hop artists.
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is also present in underground movements, with few performances having received limited permission.
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Hip hop emerged within Iran in the late 1990s, when a few Iranians started translating American
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1636:""'We Are The Dead Who Can't Think Of Dying': Iranian Rapper Charged For Criticizing Regime.""
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scandal. On 21 December 2011, he was chosen by voters as the "Artist of the Week" on
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1532:""Meet Iran's dissident rapper helping youth circumvent regime internet crackdown.""
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922:"Iranian Rap Music Flourishes Underground Despite Strict Religious Laws in Tehran"
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669:, Ali Quf, Ali Owj, and Mahdyar Aghajani became the prominent members of 021.
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24:
2108:
A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 4: The Globalizing Era, 1984-2010
941:"How Hip-Hop Connected the Iranian Diaspora and Taught Me to Swear in Farsi"
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548:("Here is Iran"), was described as a "poignant critique of the country" by
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2399:
1765:""Iran top court accepts rapper Yasin's appeal against death sentence.""
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565:
562:' ("Nuclear energy"), a song supporting Iran's nuclear strategies.
2915:
2880:
2865:
2755:
2725:
2184:
785:
718:
479:
467:
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353:
38:
1855:"Social Networking Sites Aid Iranians Trying to Assert Identity"
1583:""Iranian Rapper Charged With Spreading "Corruption on Earth".""
3333:
2875:
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250:
185:
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155:
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2453:
2431:
1713:""Iran's top court orders retrial for rapper on death row.""
1344:"روزنامه اعتماد ملی 85/6/28 – رپ ایرانی ، صدای اعتراض نیست"
1123:
Shahabi, Mahmood; Golpoush-Nezhad, Elham (1 January 2016),
1053:
Soundtrack of the Revolution: The Politics of Music in Iran
424:
2153:
1995:"Iranian Filmmaker Sarmast and Rapper YAS to Visit Campus"
1802:(in Persian). Archived from the original on 17 July 2011.
1125:"Rap Music and Youth Cultures in Iran: Serious or Light?"
735:
In 2009 Hassan Khademi has directed a documentary called
700:
689:
1740:""Jailed Iranian Rapper Reportedly Attempts Suicide.""
1122:
544:("A letter to the President"). His most popular work,
458:
Iranian hip hop originates from the country's capital
514:
695:
The restrictions have been more stringent on women.
1558:""جزییات دستگیری و اتهامات "توماج صالحی" اعلام شد""
1326:"Iran's 'illegal' rappers want cultural revolution"
1969:"Iranian Rapper speaks of Peace at film screening"
1450:. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012.
3909:
566:Rappers arrested during the Mahsa Amini protests
1950:Ahmadi, Ardeshir (director) (10 January 2014).
1555:
1268:. University of California Press. p. 189.
1083:"Persian Rap: The Voice of Modern Iran's Youth"
643:Iran's premier rap group, 021, named after the
1320:
1318:
1316:
2169:
1214:
385:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1556:Sharbafchizadeh, Massoud (30 October 2022).
1169:[Reveal, Iranian Rapper in London].
680:("Break the Disk"), which was written about
2051:"15 Rappers Who Kill It In Other Languages"
1503:
1313:
1055:. Redwood City: Stanford University Press.
919:
900:
2176:
2162:
1633:
1394:
1003:
1001:
999:
960:"Rap in the Capital: Hip-Hop Tehran-Style"
673:starting a new movement in Iranian music.
635:
392:
378:
1783:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1050:
2030:
1992:
1634:Esfandiari, Golnaz (22 September 2021).
1529:
1504:Moshtaghian, Artemis (6 November 2022).
1366:"Iran's underground hip hop dance scene"
1080:
978:"Why Iran is cracking down on rap music"
957:
692:, entitled "Tehran's Hard-Hitting MC".
500:Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance
454:Yas is a rapper in Iranian hip-hop style
449:
2130:
1966:
996:
938:
509:
3910:
2105:
1737:
1685:
1659:
1290:
1261:
1210:
1208:
1007:
920:di Giovanni, Janine (16 August 2016).
901:Sadaghiyani, Shima (6 February 2017).
3870:LGBT representations in hip hop music
2157:
2011:
1887:from the original on 19 December 2021
1738:Tayebi, Ardeshir (22 December 2022).
1530:Tizhoosh, Nahayat (28 October 2022).
1473:
1471:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
575:On the 30th of October, 2022, rapper
1662:""موزیک ویدیو "میدون جنگ" از توماج""
1441:
1118:
1116:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
2110:. New York: Duke University Press.
1933:"Inside Iran's 'revolutionary' rap"
1826:
1479:"Rap of Resistance Thrives in Iran"
1395:Asadollahi, Atieh (11 April 2023).
530:
13:
2012:Bondy, Halley (14 December 2011).
1686:Salehi, Toomaj (24 October 2022).
1468:
1185:
837:Nemitooni Band Koni Paamo Be Zamin
820:Nemitooni Band Koni Paamo Be Zamin
807:
751:
515:Hip hop and the Iranian government
230:Tehran Contemporary Music Festival
14:
3939:
1993:Cherayil, Neena (26 March 2009).
1967:Kimball, Cody (19 October 2008).
1909:. ParsiHipHop.com. Archived from
1660:Salehi, Toomaj (6 October 2022).
1113:
1069:
1027:
939:Haidari, Nilu (23 January 2017).
411:: هیپهاپ ایرانی), also known as
276:Nationalistic and patriotic songs
3888:
3887:
1829:"Hichkas the prophet of protest"
1372:. 29 August 2013. Archived from
1008:Dagres, Holly (6 January 2014).
958:Arjomand, Noah (22 April 2010).
903:"No one knows about Persian rap"
851:Problems playing this file? See
825:
796:Problems playing this file? See
769:
717:In the early 2000s in Tehran, a
657:("Asphalt Jungle"), produced by
570:
2131:Tehrani, Bijan (7 March 2010).
2124:
2099:
2081:"World Rappers You Should Meet"
2073:
2043:
2033:"Salome: straight outta Tehran"
2024:
2005:
1986:
1960:
1943:
1925:
1899:
1873:
1847:
1820:
1757:
1731:
1705:
1679:
1653:
1627:
1613:Center for Human Rights in Iran
1601:
1575:
1549:
1523:
1497:
1435:
1388:
1358:
1336:
1255:
1159:
882:List of Iranian hip hop artists
2031:Khaleeli, Homa (10 May 2011).
1688:""موزیک ویدیو "فال" از توماج""
1262:LeVine, Mark (4 August 2022).
1167:"ریویل، رپ خون ایرانی در لندن"
970:
951:
932:
913:
894:
602:
431:. It originated from American
1:
2057:. 9 July 2015. Archived from
2016:. Mtviggy.com. Archived from
1413:10.1080/00497878.2023.2194023
1303:"Rebels of rap reign in Iran"
1215:Golpushnezhad, Elham (2018).
1087:Journal of Persianate Studies
1010:"Iran's thriving rap culture"
887:
645:telephone area code of Tehran
3875:Feminist activism in hip hop
7:
3865:Partner violence in hip hop
2183:
1956:(Documentary film). Tehran.
1796:"پشت دیوار کیه؟ رپ ایرانی؟"
1131:, BRILL, pp. 213–236,
860:
415:(هیپهاپ فارسی), refers to
10:
3944:
2014:"YAS: Persian Rap Royalty"
1099:10.1163/187471608784772760
744:
712:
665:. Hichkas, Mehrak Reveal,
651:. His well-received album
438:
3883:
3795:
3754:
3729:
3554:
3489:
3329:Bosnian and Herzegovinian
3302:
3190:
3068:
3057:
3023:
2954:
2943:
2819:
2794:
2704:
2693:
2612:
2565:
2361:
2350:
2342:Bristol underground scene
2309:
2236:
2193:
1812:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1460:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1137:10.1163/9789004324589_013
1081:Johnston, Sholeh (2008).
1051:Siamdoust, Nahid (2017).
611:
1233:10.1177/1749975518769001
730:
587:("The battlefield") and
3928:Iranian styles of music
684:who was subjected to a
636:Iranian hip hop artists
619:Iranian classical music
542:Nameye Be Raees Jomhour
2137:Cinema Without Borders
2106:Naficy, Hamid (2012).
1883:(in Persian). Sakkou.
1265:We'll Play till We Die
812:
756:
455:
3043:Alternative reggaeton
2322:Universal Zulu Nation
1274:10.1525/9780520975859
1129:Youth, Space and Time
811:
755:
649:Father of Persian Rap
453:
198:Media and performance
3808:Contemporary R&B
3617:Minneapolis/St. Paul
1907:"Vaajkhonyaa on PHH"
581:Mahsa Amini protests
510:Hip hop and politics
220:Youth Music Festival
2412:Chopped and screwed
2317:Five-Percent Nation
2133:"Rapping in Tehran"
1953:Zedbazi Documentary
1939:. 9 September 2014.
1881:"Hichkas on Sakkou"
1376:on 28 February 2014
982:The Daily Telegraph
724:East and West Coast
591:("Divination"). In
496:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
494:that erupted after
324:The Imperial Anthem
215:Fajr Music Festival
2020:on 7 January 2012.
1771:. 24 December 2022
1719:. 24 December 2022
1589:. 27 November 2022
1587:Iran International
1444:"The Great Escape"
1332:. 28 January 2008.
1221:Cultural Sociology
984:. 10 November 2010
907:The Michigan Daily
813:
757:
682:an Iranian actress
521:Iranian Revolution
456:
3905:
3904:
3791:
3790:
3053:
3052:
2939:
2938:
2689:
2688:
2269:Feminist activism
1999:The Daily Gazette
1913:on 24 August 2017
1744:Radio Free Europe
1640:Radio Free Europe
1442:Ashcraft, Julie.
1283:978-0-520-97585-9
1146:978-90-04-22583-1
830:
775:
738:Rapping in Tehran
402:
401:
369:
368:
271:
270:
193:
192:
3935:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3758:
3733:
3595:Washington, D.C.
3558:
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3306:
3194:
3072:
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3061:
3026:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2891:Na mele paleoleo
2823:
2798:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2616:
2569:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2187:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1859:Voice of America
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1831:. Archived from
1827:Shahrad, Cyrus.
1824:
1818:
1817:
1811:
1803:
1792:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1761:
1755:
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1703:
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1698:
1683:
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1631:
1625:
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1622:
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1605:
1599:
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1596:
1594:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1451:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1322:
1311:
1310:
1309:. 16 April 2008.
1299:
1288:
1287:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1212:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1078:
1067:
1066:
1048:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1005:
994:
993:
991:
989:
974:
968:
967:
955:
949:
948:
936:
930:
929:
917:
911:
910:
898:
872:Graffiti in Iran
839:(feat. Paya) by
832:
831:
810:
777:
776:
754:
659:Mahdyar Aghajani
531:Political themes
429:Iranian diaspora
421:Persian language
394:
387:
380:
338:
329:
320:
315:The Royal Salute
311:
305:
296:
282:
281:
204:
203:
109:
108:
21:
20:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3918:Iranian hip hop
3908:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3894:
3879:
3845:Music sequencer
3787:
3756:
3750:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3690:Outside the US:
3687:
3683:Native American
3556:
3550:
3491:
3485:
3304:
3298:
3192:
3186:
3070:
3060:Regional scenes
3059:
3049:
3024:
3019:
2956:
2945:
2935:
2821:
2815:
2796:
2790:
2761:Psychedelic rap
2706:
2695:
2685:
2614:
2608:
2567:
2561:
2522:Progressive rap
2363:
2352:
2346:
2305:
2232:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2061:on 11 July 2015
2049:
2048:
2044:
2029:
2025:
2010:
2006:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1965:
1961:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
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1874:
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1576:
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1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1483:The Iran Primer
1477:
1476:
1469:
1453:
1452:
1440:
1436:
1401:Women's Studies
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1330:The Independent
1324:
1323:
1314:
1301:
1300:
1291:
1284:
1260:
1256:
1213:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1121:
1114:
1079:
1070:
1063:
1049:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1006:
997:
987:
985:
976:
975:
971:
956:
952:
937:
933:
918:
914:
899:
895:
890:
863:
858:
857:
849:
847:
846:
845:
844:
833:
826:
823:
814:
808:
803:
802:
794:
792:
791:
790:
789:
778:
770:
767:
758:
752:
747:
733:
715:
638:
614:
605:
573:
568:
533:
517:
512:
441:
413:Persian hip hop
405:Iranian hip hop
398:
336:
330:
327:
321:
318:
312:
307:
306:
303:
300:The Eastern Sun
297:
292:
285:National anthem
225:Musicema Awards
207:Music festivals
17:
12:
11:
5:
3941:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3762:
3760:
3757:South American
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3673:Asian American
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3565:United States:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3557:North American
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3497:
3495:
3492:Middle Eastern
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2976:Florida breaks
2973:
2971:Baltimore club
2962:
2960:
2949:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2921:Urban Pasifika
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2901:Romany hip hop
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2856:Hip hop galsen
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2751:New jack swing
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2634:Brooklyn drill
2626:
2620:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2369:
2367:
2356:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2123:
2117:978-0822393542
2116:
2098:
2087:. 12 July 2014
2072:
2042:
2023:
2004:
1985:
1973:Western Herald
1959:
1942:
1924:
1898:
1872:
1861:. 14 June 2010
1846:
1835:on 14 May 2012
1819:
1782:
1756:
1730:
1717:Deutsche Welle
1704:
1678:
1652:
1626:
1615:. 6 April 2023
1600:
1574:
1548:
1522:
1496:
1485:. 1 April 2022
1467:
1434:
1407:(4): 440–457.
1387:
1357:
1335:
1312:
1289:
1282:
1254:
1184:
1158:
1145:
1112:
1093:(1): 102–119.
1068:
1061:
1026:
995:
969:
950:
931:
912:
892:
891:
889:
886:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
862:
859:
848:
834:
824:
817:
816:
815:
806:
805:
804:
793:
779:
768:
761:
760:
759:
750:
749:
748:
746:
743:
732:
729:
714:
711:
654:Jangale Asfalt
637:
634:
613:
610:
604:
601:
593:Meydoone Jang,
572:
569:
567:
564:
560:Energy Hasteei
538:Bahram Nouraei
532:
529:
516:
513:
511:
508:
492:Green Movement
440:
437:
400:
399:
397:
396:
389:
382:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
365:
364:
361:The Young Iran
357:
347:
346:
342:
341:
340:
339:
333:Long Live Iran
287:
286:
278:
277:
273:
272:
269:
268:
267:
266:
263:
258:
256:Hermes Records
253:
248:
246:Caltex Records
240:
239:
235:
234:
233:
232:
227:
222:
217:
209:
208:
200:
199:
195:
194:
191:
190:
189:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
150:
149:
145:
144:
143:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
114:
113:
105:
104:
103:Specific forms
100:
99:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
59:
58:
54:
53:
52:
51:
46:
41:
33:
32:
31:General topics
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3940:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3898:
3897:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3823:Record player
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3728:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3585:New York City
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Saudi Arabian
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:South African
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3145:Port Harcourt
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2942:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Vigilante rap
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Nuyorican rap
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
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1173:. 12 May 2006
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25:Music of Iran
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16:Musical genre
3892:
3840:Hip hop skit
3835:Drum machine
3796:Other topics
3689:
3590:Philadelphia
3564:
3510:
3033:Funk carioca
2983:Ghetto house
2841:Boomba music
2731:Hip hop soul
2644:Sample drill
2639:Jersey drill
2466:Instrumental
2140:. Retrieved
2136:
2126:
2107:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2084:
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2059:the original
2054:
2045:
2037:The Guardian
2036:
2026:
2018:the original
2007:
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1976:. Retrieved
1972:
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1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1911:the original
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
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1863:. Retrieved
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1837:. Retrieved
1833:the original
1822:
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1378:. Retrieved
1374:the original
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1360:
1348:. Retrieved
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1224:
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1175:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:
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1128:
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1017:. Retrieved
1013:
986:. Retrieved
981:
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836:
835:A sample of
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472:Amir Tataloo
457:
442:
412:
404:
403:
359:
352:
331:
322:
313:
308:
304:(since 1990)
298:
293:
112:Ethnic music
89:
39:Modal system
18:
3860:Video vixen
3855:Synthesizer
3828:Turntablism
3813:Disc jockey
3746:New Zealand
3526:Palestinian
3421:Montenegrin
3212:Bangladeshi
3207:Azerbaijani
2946:Derivatives
2931:Zenji flava
2906:Songo-salsa
2836:Bongo flava
2716:Country rap
2604:Memphis rap
2587:Mafioso rap
2582:Gangsta rap
2557:Underground
2552:Turntablism
2476:Chicano rap
2378:Hipster hop
2373:Alternative
1380:24 February
1171:BBC Persian
1019:24 February
988:24 February
667:Reza Pishro
663:Vaajkhonyaa
603:Saman Yasin
525:underground
464:Los Angeles
445:gangsta rap
337:(1980–1990)
328:(1933–1979)
319:(1873–1909)
265:Radio Javan
238:Music media
148:Other forms
130:Azerbaijani
49:Instruments
44:Melody type
3912:Categories
3741:Australian
3720:Salvadoran
3656:West Coast
3602:Midwestern
3580:New Jersey
3570:East Coast
3416:Macedonian
3391:Portuguese
3284:Sri Lankan
3274:Philippine
3239:Indonesian
3182:Zimbabwean
3157:Senegalese
2995:Glitch hop
2988:Ghettotech
2957:Electronic
2846:Cumbia rap
2806:Trap metal
2741:Industrial
2656:Latin trap
2615:Trap music
2599:Horrorcore
2542:Snap music
2526:Religious
2493:Mumble rap
2488:Miami bass
2444:East Coast
2337:Golden age
2332:New school
2327:Old-school
2291:Production
2244:Battle rap
2227:Beatboxing
1937:Al Jazeera
1865:30 January
1839:23 January
1014:Al-Monitor
888:References
853:media help
798:media help
782:Zamin Safe
764:Zamin Safe
623:literature
546:Inja Irane
95:A cappella
3803:Auto-Tune
3783:Colombian
3766:Brazilian
3705:Dominican
3661:Northwest
3622:Wisconsin
3575:Baltimore
3481:Ukrainian
3461:Slovenian
3426:Norwegian
3401:Icelandic
3396:Hungarian
3351:Bulgarian
3289:Taiwanese
3279:Singapore
3269:Pakistani
3259:Mongolian
3254:Malaysian
3167:Tanzanian
3125:Mauritian
3038:Reggaeton
3010:Freestyle
2966:Breakbeat
2831:Afroswing
2797:Rap metal
2776:Rap opera
2736:Hip house
2624:Afro trap
2577:Dirty rap
2530:Christian
2515:Conscious
2510:Political
2437:Crunkcore
2422:Cloud rap
2353:Subgenres
2281:Festivals
1917:24 August
1891:24 August
1800:Hamshahri
1429:258096001
1421:0049-7878
1370:France 24
1249:150361849
1241:1749-9755
1107:1874-7094
964:Frontline
697:Salome MC
181:Symphonic
171:Religious
65:Classical
3895:Category
3818:DJ mixer
3771:Brasília
3732:Oceanian
3695:Canadian
3634:Southern
3536:Tunisian
3521:Lebanese
3506:Egyptian
3436:Romanian
3356:Croatian
3344:Scottish
3319:Austrian
3314:Albanian
3305:European
3264:Nepalese
3244:Japanese
3202:Armenian
3172:Togolese
3152:Nigerien
3140:Nigerian
3135:Namibian
3130:Moroccan
3120:Malawian
3105:Ghanaian
3095:Botswana
3090:Beninese
3080:Algerian
3005:Illbient
2911:Scam rap
2886:Motswako
2871:Igbo rap
2822:Regional
2811:Nu metal
2786:Trip hop
2781:Rap rock
2766:Punk rap
2746:Jazz rap
2649:UK drill
2568:Hardcore
2547:Southern
2503:Chap hop
2498:Nerdcore
2400:Road rap
2385:Boom bap
2264:Feminism
2259:Activism
2220:Emceeing
2213:Graffiti
2199:Breaking
1885:Archived
1808:cite web
926:Newsweek
861:See also
686:sex tape
427:and the
294:Current:
176:Southern
125:Assyrian
120:Armenian
3923:Hip hop
3850:Sampler
3778:Chilean
3715:Mexican
3710:Haitian
3644:Memphis
3639:Atlanta
3612:Detroit
3607:Chicago
3541:Turkish
3516:Israeli
3511:Iranian
3471:Swedish
3466:Spanish
3451:Serbian
3446:Russian
3411:Italian
3371:Finnish
3334:British
3324:Belgian
3222:Chinese
3217:Burmese
3177:Zambian
3110:Ivorian
3100:Gambian
3085:Angolan
3071:African
2916:Stronda
2881:Low bap
2866:Hiplife
2756:Pop rap
2726:Emo rap
2721:Electro
2707:General
2681:UK trap
2459:Jerkin'
2417:Chopper
2395:British
2364:General
2310:History
2296:Theater
2254:Fashion
2237:Culture
2186:Hip hop
2091:28 June
2065:28 June
1769:Reuters
1692:Youtube
1666:Youtube
1350:17 June
786:Zedbazi
745:Samples
719:rivalry
713:Rivalry
630:dissing
480:Hichkas
468:Zedbazi
439:History
433:hip hop
419:in the
409:Persian
354:Ey Iran
309:Former:
156:Bakhshi
135:Kurdish
90:Hip hop
3666:Alaska
3546:Yemeni
3501:Arabic
3456:Slovak
3441:Romany
3431:Polish
3381:German
3376:French
3339:Celtic
3249:Korean
3227:Indian
3115:Kenyan
2876:Kwaito
2594:G-funk
2535:Jewish
2427:Comedy
2390:Bounce
2301:Genres
2142:14 May
2114:
1775:18 May
1749:18 May
1723:18 May
1697:17 May
1671:17 May
1645:17 May
1619:17 May
1593:17 May
1567:17 May
1541:17 May
1515:17 May
1489:14 May
1427:
1419:
1307:SFGate
1280:
1247:
1239:
1152:15 May
1143:
1105:
1059:
945:Noisey
612:Themes
470:, and
460:Tehran
251:GEM TV
186:Tasnif
161:Katuli
57:Genres
3700:Cuban
3678:Latin
3649:Miami
3627:Omaha
3476:Swiss
3406:Irish
3386:Greek
3366:Dutch
3361:Czech
3193:Asian
3025:Other
3015:Wonky
3000:Grime
2861:Hipco
2851:Genge
2771:Ragga
2676:Tread
2666:Plugg
2661:Phonk
2629:Drill
2471:Latin
2454:Hyphy
2432:Crunk
2286:Music
2249:Dance
2206:DJing
1978:6 May
1425:S2CID
1245:S2CID
1177:6 May
841:Erfan
731:Media
556:Sefat
345:Other
166:Maqam
3294:Thai
3232:Desi
2671:Rage
2483:Lofi
2276:LGBT
2144:2023
2112:ISBN
2093:2016
2067:2016
1980:2019
1919:2017
1893:2017
1867:2019
1841:2019
1814:link
1777:2023
1751:2023
1725:2023
1699:2023
1673:2023
1647:2023
1621:2023
1595:2023
1569:2023
1562:IRNA
1543:2023
1517:2023
1491:2023
1462:link
1417:ISSN
1382:2014
1352:2015
1278:ISBN
1237:ISSN
1179:2019
1154:2023
1141:ISBN
1103:ISSN
1057:ISBN
1021:2014
990:2014
706:Time
703:and
621:and
597:Faal
589:Faal
478:and
425:Iran
140:Luri
85:Rock
80:Jazz
70:Folk
2055:MTV
1536:CBC
1510:CNN
1409:doi
1270:doi
1229:doi
1133:doi
1095:doi
784:by
709:.
701:MTV
690:MTV
476:Yas
261:PMC
75:Pop
3914::
2135:.
2083:.
2053:.
2035:.
1997:.
1971:.
1935:.
1857:.
1810:}}
1806:{{
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1235:.
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