History of Eastern role-playing video games

2617: 437: 219: 1845:" style real-time combat system, where battles are a clash of energy between the party and the enemy, with the player needing to push the energy towards the enemy to strike them, while being able to use a shield to block or a suction ability to absorb the opponent's power. It also featured a unique non-linear conversation system, where the player can recruit allies by talking to them, choose whether to kill or spare an enemy, and engage enemies in conversation, similar to 44: 132: 3797:, the meter would be visible to the player. On the battle screen, each character has an ATB meter that gradually fills, and the player is allowed to issue a command to that character once the meter is full. The fact that enemies can attack or be attacked at any time is credited with injecting urgency and excitement into the combat system. The ATB combat system was considered revolutionary for being a hybrid between 9127:"stripped down" the statistics while keeping features that can be found even in today's most technologically advanced titles. An RPG just wouldn't be complete, in many gamers' eyes, without a medieval setting, hit points, random enemy encounters, and endless supplies of gold. (...) The rise of the Japanese RPG as a dominant gaming genre and Nintendo's NES as the dominant console platform were closely intertwined". 85: 1206: 9820:. The new CRPGs had some of the trappings of regular CRPGs. The character could get stronger over time and gain extras which were not merely a result of a short-term "Power-Up". There were specific items that could be acquired which boosted fighting or defense on a permanent basis. Primitive stores were introduced with the concept that a player could buy something to aid him on his journey. 4105:, one of the first successful CD-ROM RPGs, featuring both voice and text, and considered one of the best RPGs in its time. The game was praised for its soundtrack, emotionally engaging storyline, and strong characterization. It also introduced an early form of level-scaling where the bosses would get stronger depending on the protagonist's level, a mechanic that was later used in Enix's 4656:, for its highly polished gameplay, high playability, lavish production, well-developed characters, intricate storyline, and an emotionally engaging narrative that is much darker and sophisticated than most other RPGs. The game's storytelling and character development was considered a major narrative jump forward for video games and was often compared to films and novels at the time. 4678:, console RPGs, previously a niche genre outside Japan, skyrocketed in popularity across the world. The game was soon ported to the PC. The game was also responsible not only for popularizing RPGs on consoles, but its high production budget played a key role in the rising costs of video game development in general, and it led to Square's foray into films with 1895:. Unlike other RPGs at the time, however, the game had a dark and creepy atmosphere expressed through the story, graphics, and music, while the gameplay used shooter-based combat and gave limited ammunition for each weapon, forcing the player to search for ammo and often run away from monsters in order to conserve ammo. That same year saw the release of 4479:, which also gave players the ability to affect the relationships between different characters through its "private actions" social system, where the protagonist's relationship points with the other characters are affected by the player's choices, which in turn affects the storyline, leading to branching paths and multiple different endings. 3900:, a game that has been praised for its involving, emotional family-themed narrative divided by different periods of time, something that has appeared in very few video games before or since. It has also been credited as the first known video game to feature a playable pregnancy, a concept that has since appeared in later games such as 1743:, was also released in 1987. It was a party-based action RPG, with the player controlling a party of four characters at the same time in a side-scrolling view. The game also featured character creation, highly customizable characters, class-based puzzles, and a new scenario system, allowing players to choose which of 15 scenarios, or 1632:, such as removing the character customization and simplifying the numerical statistics into icons, and emphasized faster-paced platform action, with a strict 30-minute time limit. The action took place entirely in a side-scrolling view rather than switching to a separate overhead combat screen like its predecessor. These changes 4551:'s relationship with other characters and in turn the characters' performance in battle, the direction of the storyline, and the ending. Later games in the series added several variations, including an action gauge that can be raised up or down depending on the situation, and a gauge that the player can manipulate using the 1913: 3285: 3545:

and action RPG genres, combining brawler combat with many RPG elements, including an inventory, buying and selling items, learning new abilities and skills, needing to listen for clues, searching to find all the bosses, shopping in the malls, buying items to heal, and increasing stats. It was also an

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During this period, comparatively few Eastern RPGs were released in Europe. The market for the genre was not as large as in Asia or North America, and the increasing amount of time and money required for translation as JRPGs became more text-heavy, in addition to the usual need to optimize the games

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video seamlessly blended into the gameplay, effectively integrated throughout the game. Gameplay innovations included the materia system, which allowed a considerable amount of customization and flexibility through materia that can be combined in many different ways and exchanged between characters

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elements in an RPG, requiring the player to infiltrate a castle, rewarding the player if the entire chapter can be completed without engaging in combat. Other chapters had similar innovations, such as Akira's chapter where the character uses telepathic powers to discover information. That same year

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gameplay, where the second or third players could drop in and out of the game at any time rather than players having to join the game at the same time, and the customizable AI settings for computer-controlled allies. The game has influenced a number of later action RPGs. That same year also saw the

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also gave players a clear objective from the start of the game and a series of smaller scenarios to build up the player's strength in order to achieve that objective. The ending could also be altered depending on the moral dialogue choice of whether or not the protagonist should join the antagonist

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Hunting RPGs are a type of action RPG subgenre featuring the player and an optional team of up to three other players hunting down larger monsters with a set amount of time, using weapons crafted from the materials extracted from the map and/or from the monsters themselves. Unlike most RPG genres,

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system that influences the direction and outcome of the storyline. It gave the player the freedom to choose between three different paths: Chaos, Law, and Neutral, none of which is portrayed as right or wrong. The deep personal choices the player makes throughout the game affects the protagonist's

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to represent the player's Attack Power and Armour Class statistics, and another controversial aspect of the game involved taking drugs (instead of potions) that increase/decrease attributes but with side-effects such as affecting the heart-rate or causing death. An early attempt at incorporating a

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series. Those games generally have common elements like high difficulty, high-risk combat with hard-hitting enemies, sparse checkpoints, and enemies dropping souls (or some other resource used for upgrading stats and/or weapons that is lost upon death), but the player has one chance to regain the

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The 'golden age' of console RPGs is often dated from the 1990s to the early 2000s. Console RPGs distinguished themselves from computer RPGs to a greater degree in the early 1990s. As console RPGs became more heavily story-based than their computer counterparts, one of the major differences that

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and introduced an innovative first-person shooter-based battle system where firearm weapons (each with different abilities and target ranges) have limited ammunition and the player can aim at specific parts of the enemy's body with each part weakening the enemy in different ways; an auto-battle

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was acclaimed for the ambitious scope of its storyline, which spanned millennia and explored themes rarely dealt with in video games, including topics such as religion and the origin of mankind, and social commentary dealing with racism, poverty, war, and human psychology, along with narrative

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improved on the ATB system by introducing a time gauge to indicate to the player which character's turn is next, and it expanded the job system by offering more customization options with more than 22 job classes and giving each character greater flexibility by allowing them to learn secondary

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predecessors. It has a setting that spans multiple planets and an overarching plot that becomes apparent after playing through each of the different characters' quests that tie together at certain places. The characters have several different possible endings each, and there can be up to 15

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handheld console in 1993, had several unique features, including magic-oriented turn-based combat that completely lacked physical attacks, and the replacement of numerical statistics with visual representations, where the protagonist's condition is represented by her facial expressions and

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in any order, with the decision of whether or not to participate in any particular quest affecting the outcome of the storyline. The game also allowed players to choose from eight different characters, each with their own stories that start in different places and offer different outcomes.

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allowed players to alter the storyline through their actions, such as choosing between a number of branching paths leading to multiple different endings and through the Karma meter which changes depending on whether the player kills civilians or shows mercy to enemies. That same year, the

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changes depending on whether the player kills humans, good monsters, or evil monsters, and expanded its predecessor's time option, which speeds up or slows down the gameplay, with the introduction of an in-game clock setting day-night cycles and a need to sleep and eat. It also made other

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introduced a character progression system allowing the player to change the party's character classes during the course of the game, and keep a character's stats and skills learned from previous classes. This class-changing system shaped the gameplay of future console RPGs, especially the

11621: 4581: 5116:, and "well-scripted, well-acted dialogue", that helped it become a major success, helping to establish the PlayStation 2 as "the console of choice for gamers looking for a cinematic experience and narrative polish" that had been lacking in most previous RPGs. Around the same time, the 4960:

introduced online gaming to consoles and was responsible for pushing console gamers "to dial up with the Dreamcast to play online and to experience a new style of play". It resulted in taking "consoles online" and defining "small-scale multiplayer RPGs", paving the way for larger-scale

3581:, with players assuming the roles of people who cared about each other, fell in love or even had families. Romance in particular was a theme that was common in most console RPGs but alien to most computer RPGs at the time. Japanese console RPGs were also generally more faster-paced and 3831:

to follow in whatever order while being able to visit any place in the game world. The ending also can be determined by the player's actions, while they can continue playing the game even after the ending. The game also allowed the player to choose the character classes for each

2313:. This led to many Japanese PC manufacturers either continuing to develop for Windows 95 or moving over to the more lucrative console market. While most developers turned their attention to the console market, some developers dedicated to content unsuitable for consoles (such as 8484: 4348:

systems, often made localizing the games to Europe a high-cost venture with little potential payoff. As a result, JRPG releases in Europe were largely limited to games which had previously been localized for North America, thus reducing the amount of translation required.

4797:, which introduced characters with a proportionately sized human appearance. The game also featured a level-scaling system where the enemies scale in level along with the player's party. Similar level-scaling mechanics have been used in a number of later RPGs, including 4698:

characters in the party at the same time, organized into three groups of five characters. The ambitious amount of freedom the game offered was a departure from most RPGs in its time, but this led to a mixed reception due to its lack of direction. Quintet's 1997 release

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battle system dubbed the "Active Playing System", which allows the player to increase the chances of landing an improved attack or defending from an attack by pressing the X button at the correct time during battle, similar to the timing-based attacks in the later game

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The late 1980s to early 1990s is considered the golden age of Japanese computer gaming, which would flourish until its decline around the mid-1990s, as consoles eventually dominated the Japanese market. A notable Japanese computer RPG from around this time was

9524:, computer and video game RPGs were still very much in the realm of hardcore fans and not very accessible to other players. So I decided to create a system that was easy to understand and emotionally involving, and then placed my story within that framework. 2913:

mechanic with its demon-summoning system, which allowed the player to recruit enemies into their party, through a conversation system that gives the player a choice of whether to kill or spare an enemy and allows them to engage any opponent in conversation.

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game", introducing an "emotional story line, morally ambiguous characters, tragic events" and a story to be "emotionally experienced rather than concluded from gameplay and conversations". It also replaced traditional levels and experience points with an

1402:, which became the best-selling PC game in Japan. It was a full-fledged RPG with character stats and a large quest, with action-based combat setting it apart from other RPGs, including both melee combat and projectile magic attacks, while incorporating a 2755:, with most of the game not blocked in any way other than by being infested with monsters that can easily kill an unprepared player. This was balanced by the use of bridges to signify a change in difficulty and a new level progression that departed from 2452:'s Dave Williams remarked that "games like this have been sort of under the radar for something that could be the basis of a business. We have the resources and we can afford to invest more... I think it's going to be a great thing for the consumer". 3436:

soundtrack, and voice acting. The game offered a "much larger, more colorful world, populated with lifelike characters who communicated with voice instead of text", heralding "the evolution of the standard role-playing game" according to RPGFan. Its

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that audiences could relate to, making use of the RPG level-building gameplay as a way to represent this. It also featured elements still found in most console RPGs, like major quests interwoven with minor subquests, an incremental spell system, the

4362:, branching plot, the "Active Time Event Logic" system, more than a dozen different endings, plot-related sidequests, a unique battle system with innovations such as combo attacks, and lack of random encounters. It also popularized the concept of 1777:

was also a precursor to RPGs that emphasize storytelling, and it is known for its 'bump attack' system, where the protagonist Adol automatically attacks when running into enemies off-center, making the game more accessible and the usually tedious

4930:. The game featured two major parallel dimensions, where the player must go back and forth between the worlds to recruit party members, obtain items, and advance the plot, with events in one dimension influencing the other. Like its predecessor 2140:, it focuses on recruiting soldiers and fighting against large armies rather than small parties. The game's "Gochyakyara" ("Multiple Characters") system let the player control one character at a time while the others are controlled by computer 3319:, dramatic, character-driven storyline dealing with serious themes and subject matter, and a strategy-based battle system. Its purely science fiction setting was also a major departure for RPGs, which had previously been largely restricted to 7033: 5195:"carved out a toehold for the series in America with its post-apocalyptic adventure set in a bombed-out Japan" where instead of "trying to stop the apocalypse", the "demonic main character's end goal is to assert his will on the new world". 4637:, and much higher production values. The latter includes innovations such as the use of 3D characters on pre-rendered backgrounds, battles viewed from multiple different angles rather than a single angle, and for the first time full-motion 3203:

games. It also allowed the player to swap characters in and out of the party at will, and another major innovation was the introduction of day/night cycles; certain items, characters, and quests are only accessible at certain times of day.

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boasted as many as 86 different endings, with each of the possible permutations to these endings numbering in the hundreds, setting a benchmark for the amount of outcomes possible for a video game. Using a relationship system inspired by

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further expanded on this by having unique storylines for each character that can change depending on the player's actions, including who is chosen, what is said in conversation, what events have occurred, and who is present in the party.

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at any time, and the limit breaks, special attacks that can be performed after a character's limit meter fills up by taking hits from opponents. The materia system is similar to, but more sophisticated than, the slotted item system in

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featured a storyline that could be told differently from the perspectives of up to eight different characters and introduced a level-scaling system where the enemies get stronger as the characters do, a mechanic that was later used in

3725:, which featured an innovative and original branching storyline, which spans three generations of characters and can be altered depending on which character the protagonist of each generation marries, leading to four possible endings. 2937:

with their own backstories, which would later become common in console RPGs. It was also one of the first games to feature a female protagonist and animated monster encounters, and allowed inter-planetary travel between three planets.

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environment. The game received considerable acclaim, and is seen as one of the greatest RPGs of all time, for improvements such as its broadened thematic scope, plotlines, characters, multiple-choice scenarios, and variation of play.

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activity-based progression, expanding it with weapons that shatter with repeated use, and added new ideas such as a race of monsters that mutate depending on which fallen foes they consume. The game also introduced the concept of

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performed well below expectations, continuing the decline of mainstream JRPG franchises except Pokémon. With the exception of Pokémon games, individual JRPG sales continue to pale in comparison against individual WRPGs such as

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on his evil conquest towards the end of the game. The game also had a limited inventory requiring item management, while the caves were dark, requiring the use of a torch to display a field of vision around the character. With

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console late in its lifespan, gaining unanimously solid reviews. Many reviewers claimed the games revitalized the genre, keeping its best traits while modernizing other gameplay elements which could appeal to a wide audience.

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gave players the ability to affect the relationships between different characters, which in turn affected the storyline as these relationships led to different characters appearing in the second generation of the game's plot.

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is considered "one of the finest examples of action/RPG gaming", combining platforming elements and challenging puzzles with an innovative storyline revolving around entering people's dreams and dealing with mature themes.

1831:, the choice between four distinct character classes, a wider variety of equipment and spells, and a weight system affecting the player's movement depending on the overall weight of the equipment carried. That same year, 1822:

in 1989, adopted the morality meter of its predecessor, expanded on its time option with the introduction of an in-game clock setting day-night cycles and a need to sleep and eat, and made other improvements such as

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on the NES. These differed considerably from the "action adventure" games that had drawn quite a following on the machines beforehand. Action adventures were basically arcade games done in a fantasy setting such as

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had done. The publisher has claimed in excess of 25 million subscribers of the game, although this number is based upon a quantity of registered users (rather than active subscribers). 2002 also saw the release of

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one-on-one combat system and a storyline that, while being mostly linear, offered a difficult moral choice towards the end of the game regarding which of two characters to save, each leading to a different ending.

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and in turn defined many other RPGs. Falcom would soon become one of the three most important Japanese role-playing game developers in the 1980s, alongside Enix and Square, both of which were influenced by Falcom.

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the monsters have no health bars or hit points, but have stronger attack and defense stats, forcing the players to use survival items and coordinated strategies to eliminate a specific monster. First appeared in

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was a major success in Japan, and contributed to the emergence of a distinct action role-playing game subgenre on Japanese computers during the mid-1980s, with Nihon Falcom at the forefront of this new subgenre.

4778:, was acclaimed for its "winding, emotionally charged narrative" that involved recruiting an army and gave players the choice of whether to "redeem or kill" key characters. The same year also saw the release of 11371: 4339:

was designed to appeal to a younger audience, allowed team customization, and each robot was kept in a ball. However, unlike the mentioned game, the protagonist sometimes use Big Bombs or Weather as a defense.

3769:, one of the first role-playing games to feature a complex, involving plot, placing a much greater emphasis on character development, personal relationships, and dramatic storytelling. It also introduced a new 1996:

and NES consoles in 1990, featured a unique post-apocalyptic storyline set in a desolate future where humanity has become extinct and the protagonists are demon monsters waging war against an alien species.

3585:-oriented than their American computer counterparts. The console RPG market became more profitable, which led to several American manufacturers releasing console ports of traditional computer RPGs such as 5733:) for the PSP has a strategic command-based battle system where enemies learn from previous skirmishes and where characters can die permanently during gameplay which in turn affects the game's storyline. 5576:

elements as well as an innovative demon auction system and a death clock system where each character has a specified time of death and the player's actions has consequences on who lives and dies. On the

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with justice, normal, or evil, which is affected by whether the player kills evil monsters, good monsters, or humans, and in turn affects the reactions of the townsfolk towards the player. Magical Zoo's

4264:, released for the Super Famicom in Japan, featured eight different characters and stories, with the first seven unfolding in any order the player chooses, as well as four different endings. The game's 6609:

would go on to become a major player in the new market for free-to-play MMORPGs (generating huge numbers of registered accounts across its many versions), if it did not introduce the market by itself.

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thus made the game more accessible to a wider audience than previous computer RPGs. The game also placed a greater emphasis on storytelling and emotional involvement, building on Horii's previous work

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was the primary catalyst for the Japanese console RPG industry. And Japan is where the vast majority of console RPGs come from, to this day. Influenced by the popular PC RPGs of the day (most notably

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music for RPG companies such as Nihon Falcom. Due to hardware differences, only a small portion of Japanese computer games were released in North America, as ports to either consoles (like the NES or

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system called "Tactics" which allowed the player to modify the strategies used by the allied party members while maintaining full control of the hero. This "Tactics" system is seen as a precursor to

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emerged during this time was in the portrayal of the characters, with most American computer RPGs at the time having characters devoid of personality or background as their purpose was to represent

2470:(2007) for Steam, selling over 500,000 units on the platform. This led to many Japanese doujin/indie games releasing on Steam in subsequent years. The early part of the decade also saw the debut of 2825:(1987), which were notable as some of the first Japanese console RPGs to be released in North America, where they were well received for being a new kind of RPG that differed from both the console 3592:

During the 1990s, console RPGs had become increasingly dominant. Console RPGs had eclipsed computer RPGs for some time, though computer RPGs began making a comeback towards the end of the decade.

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on the right and the enemies on the left, which soon became the norm for numerous console RPGs; and the use of transportation for travel, "by ship, canoe, and even flying airship". While creating

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game, rewarding exploration in an open world environment. It also added several innovations to the action RPG subgenre, including the ability to switch between attack mode and defense mode, quick

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which the player uses to interact with the world, in contrast to Japanese console RPGs which depicted pre-defined characters who had distinctive personalities, traits, and relationships, such as

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Last year also saw the coattail effect of traditional bestselling CRPGs being ported over onto dedicated game machines as the new market of machines blossomed into money trees. Games like

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in America, with participants flooding Nintendo's official Facebook page with requests and sending mail to NOA's headquarters. The former two games were released in America in 2012, with

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was to create a RPG that appealed to a wider audience unfamiliar with the genre or video games in general. This required the creation of a new kind of RPG, that did not rely on previous

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has reported such a strong revenue that Square Enix, its publisher, had expected turning a profit, so while certain games may still be ill-received, others are performing fairly well.

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counted over 2.25 million subscribers worldwide, with servers in Japan, China, North America, Taiwan, and Europe, once the popularity of the game had surged in the West. To date, the

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instead gave the player some extra hit points at the start and a level progression where the effective rate of character growth decelerates over time, similar to how the more recent

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feature could also be enabled. Such a battle system has rarely been used since, though similar battle systems based on targeting individual body parts can later be found in Square's

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console role-playing games. In addition, the game is known for its difficulty and unconventional structure, and would go on to influence FromSoftware's future RPG titles including

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announced its decision to not localize the games, not having enough faith in their commercial appeal to American audiences. In response, a widespread internet campaign known as "

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South Korea's RPG industry began in the early 1980/ with licensed and translated versions of international titles. Later on, The country's first fully-fledged computer RPG was

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graphics while experience is measured in jewels that encircle the screen, with the only visible numerical statistic being the collected gold. That year also saw the release of

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for unique dialogues as well as interact with all the monsters. This is a recurring highlight in the series, offering the player insight into the enemies. Also that same year,

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and subplots they choose in any order of their choice, and choose which storyline paths to follow, departing from most other action RPGs in its time. That same year, Square's

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monster-collecting mechanic, where monsters can be defeated, captured, added to the party, and gain their own experience levels, also influenced many later franchises such as

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creatures, and the player controlled a party of several characters with different professions, including a scientist who constructs tools and a journalist who takes pictures.

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system, where the player can recruit allies by talking to them, choose whether to kill or spare an enemy, and engage enemies in conversation, similar to the later more famous

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before they moved onto developing RPGs. In the 1980s, Japanese developers produced a diverse array of creative, experimental computer RPGs, prior to mainstream titles such as

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duology, which streamlined the battle system and introduced an entirely new lineup of characters in a new region based on New York City. These games were followed up with a

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series has since become known for its open-ended gameplay. The series is also known for having an activity-based progression system instead of experience levels, and since

11747: 9111:, p. "The First Console RPG" "A devoted gamer could make a decent case for either of these Atari titles founding the RPG genre; nevertheless, there's no denying that 4014:

also required characters to pay mentors to teach them abilities, whether it was using certain weapons or certain proficiencies like opening a chest or dismantling a trap.

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made "both online gaming and the concept of fee-based services a reality for consoles", paving the way for the online gaming services later provided by all three of the

1296:, released in 1984, is a historically significant title that helped lay the foundations for the Japanese role-playing game industry. It was a real-time hack & slash 14706: 12764: 10909:"Dungeon Explorer: Warriors of Ancient Arts Interview – Hudson tells us about bringing back a classic property with two different versions for the PSP and DS platforms" 8978: 3729: 11381: 6779: 3606:

segmented its plot into segregated chapters, making the game more linear than its predecessor while allowing for greater characterization. The game also introduced an

552: 11711: 4283:, which had introduced a unique pausable real-time battle system, where characters automatically attack based on a list of different AI scripts chosen by the player. 4165:

add-on, but had to be altered to fit onto a standard game cartridge after the SNES CD project was dropped. The game received considerable acclaim, for its innovative

2136:, a unique hybrid between a real-time strategy, action RPG, and strategy RPG. Like an RPG, the player can explore the world, purchase items, and level up, and like a 15351: 8888: 9799:, each bigger and more complex than the one before it, the Japanese have slowly carved out a completely new niche in the realm of CRPG. The first CRPG entries were 6181: 5508:, was released. The game received notable awards by video game media including GameSpot's Game of the Year, GameTrailers' Best RPG, IGN's Best RPG for the PS3, and 15011: 11146: 7692: 1959:. The game also emphasized storytelling, with plot twists and extensive character dialogues, taking place in a futuristic science fiction setting. It won the 1988 12110: 8344: 1390:, the largest Japanese computer game magazine at the time. The game is thus credited for bringing wider attention to computer role-playing games in the country. 15595: 14866: 6622:) became the latest MMORPG to achieve huge success across Asia. It received the Presidential Award at the 2003 Korean Game awards. As of the first half of 2005, 373: 3251:

where keywords or phrases can be memorized and mentioned during conversations with NPCs, the theme of an evil empire against a small band of rebels (similar to

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battle system based on targeting individual body parts, using both melee and bow & arrow weapons; similar body-targeting battle systems were later used in

4184:, which introduced the use of pre-programmable combat manoeuvers called 'macros', a means of setting up the player's party AI to deliver custom attack combos. 1601:, and the player could upgrade equipment and earn experience to raise stats. Unlike first-person RPGs at the time that were restricted to 90-degree movements, 15860: 12642: 106: 12425: 5923:

Since 2016, Japanese RPGs have been experiencing a resurgence, as part of a renaissance for the Japanese video game industry. In 2016, the global success of

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made advancements in portraying realistic emotions through voice-overs and detailed facial expressions, which have since become a staple of the series, with

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was also a major success, selling millions. There were also other Japanese RPGs that earned commercial success and/or critical acclaim that year, including

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as a motivating factor for the characters and the player, was a major departure from previous RPGs and had a major influence on subsequent RPGs such as the

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was an innovative action RPG released for the PC-8801. It was notable for being an early example of an RPG with fully 3D polygonal graphics, combined with

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series continued to allow tank customization and open-ended gameplay, while also allowing the player to obtain an ending at almost any time, particularly

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system that allowed the player to create their own parties and assign different character classes to party members, who in turn evolve through an early

15569: 14524: 6512: 5252:, the first title of the franchise, for the PlayStation 2. The game introduced up-to 8 players team based online hunting gameplay-style. On handhelds, 3894:

titles, and helped differentiate the series from the character class systems and turn-based systems of traditional CRPGs. 1992 also saw the release of

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features a similar "World" system that allows players to revisit key plot points and make different choices to see how the story unfolds differently.

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Game Professional Introduction (2nd Edition) (Ninth Art Academy – Game Development Series)(Chinese Edition), Tsinghua University Press (2015), P. 295

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In the 2010s, Japanese RPGs have been experiencing a resurgence on PC, with a significant increase in the number of Japanese RPGs releasing for the

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was a simulation action type of game where the players had to direct, oversee and command multiple characters. Unlike later tactical RPGs, however,

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appeared to mixed reviews. These stalwarts of computer fame were not perceived, by many of the players, to be as exciting as the Japanese imports.

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branching storylines that gives the player the freedom to alter the course of history through time travel across two parallel timelines. The 2010

15281: 14264: 13877: 12738: 12268: 11119: 7345: 6112: 4057: 3635:, as well as acquire new and advanced classes and combine class abilities, during the course of the game. That same year also saw the release of 2779:

becoming widely popular in Japan, such that local municipalities were forced to place restrictions on where and when the game could be sold, the

2404:

and aficionados across the world began creating independent console-style computer RPGs and sharing them online. An early successful example was

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not only affected the storyline, but also the gameplay, affecting the way the characters behave towards each other in battle. Another 1999 RPG,

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published the game in early 1986, it became the template for future console RPGs. The game was influenced by the first-person random battles in

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brought RPGs to a much wider console audience and played a key role in the success of the PlayStation gaming console. Following the success of

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series introduced a new form of gameplay: a role-playing simulation centred around managing a farm. The series would later inspire popular

3641: 800: 14490: 8724: 6554:, designed by Jake Song, was commercially released in 1996 and eventually gained over one million subscribers. It was one of the earliest 3693: 3263: 15310: 13341: 11218:

Adams, Roe R. (November 1990), "Westward Ho! (Toward Japan, That Is): An Overview of the Evolution of CRPGs on Dedicated Game Machines",

9779:

Adams, Roe R. (November 1990), "Westward Ho! (Toward Japan, That Is): An Overview of the Evolution of CRPGs on Dedicated Game Machines",

6764: 6647: 4180: 3589:, though they received mixed reviews due to console gamers at the time considering them to be not "as exciting as the Japanese imports". 2848: 1955:. All the backgrounds, objects and opponents in the game were rendered in 3D polygons, many years before they were widely adopted by the 1782:

task more swift and enjoyable for audiences at the time. The game also had what is considered to be one of the best and most influential

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This article is about role-playing video games developed in East Asia. For role-playing video games developed in the Western world, see

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thus succeeded in providing a very different experience during each run through the game, something that later non-linear RPGs such as

1118:(剣と魔法) for the PC-8001, and it also revolved around rescuing a princess in addition to killing a wizard. That same year, Koei released 15425: 15259: 12042: 10048: 9061: 7549: 4391:

introduced an innovative scenario with a unique real world and dream world setting, which seems to have had an influence on the later

93: 15648: 15132: 14608: 13270: 12159: 11619:, Hironobu Sakaguchi and Hiroyuki Itou, "Video game apparatus, method and device for controlling same", issued 1995-02-21 6269: 6153: 5688:'s best seller list the week of its release. Despite this, the sales of both games were far less than those of console WRPGs such as 4440:

allowed a number of different possible storyline paths and endings depending on which combination of characters the player selected.

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who assassinates various religious/historical figures as well as modern-day political leaders, with similarities to the present-day

2067:

who assassinates various religious/historical figures as well as modern-day political leaders, with similarities to the present-day

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series. Much like its predecessors, it was "psychologically challenging" and featured a branching narrative with multiple endings.

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The Decade That Was: Essential Newcomers – We close our look back at the (sic) the past 10 years with five revolutionary new games

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team battles, and the introduction of team attacks where two party members could join forces to perform an extra-powerful attack.

2490:, which sold millions on the platform. Other Japanese RPGs were subsequently ported to the platform, such as the previously niche 2236:(released the same year) with RPG elements, while replacing the first-person shooting with hack & slash combat. Also in 1990, 16348: 16343: 10556: 7217: 6118: 5803: 4653: 4371: 4052: 3602: 2962: 2498: 913:, for example, reportedly required 34 conversions to different hardware platforms. The market eventually became dominated by the 547: 532: 527: 517: 500: 14457: 13850: 10949: 10908: 5008: 4910:, also featured dating elements, including the option to engage in a homosexual relationship. That same year saw the release of 4166: 3618: 15232: 14811: 14327: 13319: 9905: 9407: 9374: 8176: 7102: 5797: 5442: 4633:

raised the possibilities for the genre, with its more expansive world to explore, much longer quest, more numerous sidequests,

4460: 3721: 3666: 739: 412: 15043: 14031: 13974: 10169: 1421:'s Karma meter will rise if he commits sin which in turn affects the temple's reaction to him. It is also considered a "proto- 16227: 16150: 15625: 13621: 12774: 8986: 7071:"'Asianizing' Animation in Asia: Digital Content Identity Construction Within the Animation Landscapes of Japan and Thailand" 6205: 4085:

content to consoles, though such content had often appeared in Japanese computer RPGs since the early 1980s. That same year,

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computer platform in 1987. It was programmed by Nam In-Hwan and distributed by Aproman, and was primarily influenced by the

15517: 13822: 13510: 11934: 10430: 10367: 9230: 6358: 6223: 6036:. Some Japanese RPGs that were previously considered niche gained notoriety, and became million-sellers in 2017, including 5809: 5105: 5072: 4780: 2929:

established a number of genre conventions, and its setting combined sci-fi and fantasy in a way that set it apart from the

1042: 846: 744: 16138:

Vintage Games: An Insider Look at the History of Grand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the Most Influential Games of All Time

15355: 15162: 13908: 13207: 8896: 6564:(1998), enjoyed even greater success gaining millions of subscribers in Korea and Taiwan. This helped to secure developer 4890:

to exist within the game itself. This type of social system was later extended to allow romantic lesbian relationships in

4878:

had friendship points and relationship points with each of the other characters, allowing the player to pair together, or

4411:

also improved on the inventory management of its predecessors with the addition of a bag to store extra items. Meanwhile,

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was also released by Atlus for the TurboGrafx-16. The game is considered a pioneer title in the action RPG genre with its

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map with the traversing of real-time 3D environments, which has also become a standard of the series, as demonstrated in

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raised the standards for the genre, with certain aspects that were considered revolutionary in its time, including its

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sold over four million copies. Its launch was the franchise's best in North America. A retro-inspired turn-based JRPG

4010:, a combo system where up to five party members can perform a combined special attack. Unlike other RPGs at the time, 1425:" game, due to being an "RPG turned on its side" that allowed players to run, jump, collect, and explore. The way the 16363: 16338: 16259: 14740: 12972: 11853: 11304: 11193: 9928: 9488: 6324: 6088: 5949: 5767: 5627: 5254: 4680: 2764: 2179: 899:-centric within the video game industry itself. Due to the worldwide success of Japanese consoles beginning with the 405: 189: 171: 71: 14839: 13126: 11342: 10290: 9693: 9664: 3848:, which could be completed with an ending scenario just minutes into the game, making it the shortest possible RPG. 1875:

member Lila rescuing survivors in an isolated monster-infested town and bringing them to safety in a church. It was

15805: 15749: 14082: 13368: 12911: 9868: 8214: 7412: 6955: 6370: 6322:

earned both critical and commercial success reaching nearly 4 million sales. With the release of a large expansion

3711: 3335:

as the invading antagonists rather than the defending protagonists. The game's strong characterization, and use of

3054: 3048:, time travel between five different time periods, a unique combat system featuring both real-time solo action and 793: 586: 388: 15834: 15778: 10850: 10821: 10791: 10762: 8243: 7301: 7272: 4547:

within a time limit, or not to respond at all within that time; the player's choice, or lack thereof, affects the

2531:

has also gained popularity, with hundreds of games being created with it and released on Steam by the late 2010s.

2305:

became increasingly powerful in the console market while the computer market became increasingly dominated by the

16333: 15873: 14635: 12892: 11471: 8496: 6550: 6175: 5215: 4742:. It is today considered one of the greatest examples of video game storytelling. That year also saw the rise of 3876:

involved taking drugs that increase or decrease statistics and affect the player's heart-rate, displayed using a

3701:

also made advances to the action role-playing game subgenre, being a true action RPG that combined the real-time

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were influential in Japan, where they laid the foundations for the action RPG genre, influencing titles such as

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combat with a gun, bringing it close to the action RPG formula that Falcom would later be known for. The game's

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in the movie industry. With a record-breaking production budget of around $ 45 million, the ambitious scope of

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From the mid-1990s, the Japanese video game industry began declining. This was partly due to the death of the

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that follow the leader, and where battles are large-scale with characters sometimes filling an entire screen.

15410: 10667: 10117: 9445: 7851: 6739:, features an action-based battle system involving elemental magic and character switching, and it also uses 6352: 6124: 5992:

In 2017, Japanese RPGs gained further commercial success and greater critical acclaim. The year started with

5481: 5287: 4520: 3782: 3661: 3495: 3489: 3143:. Some of these 1987 releases proved popular and went on to spawn their own RPG franchises, particularly the 3064: 2831: 2579: 1804: 1472: 900: 581: 290: 15986:"Genshin Impact due out by October for PC, iOS, and Android; second closed beta test for PS4 begins July 30" 14528: 14059: 11403: 9561: 9277: 4540: 1098:. These early experimental Japanese RPGs from 1982 are considered "proto-JRPGs" and predated the arrival of 16197: 14585: 11909: 7819: 7365: 5617:

with numerous choices that can have dramatic consequences, and an epic scale spanning hundreds of planets.

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also featured innovative gameplay mechanics such as individual experience for equipped items, and an early

463: 16114: 16092: 16070: 13581: 9089: 7078:

Reflections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity – The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows

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are generally well received by fans of the genre and some critics while a number of popular WRPGs such as

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represented the dawning of a new era of RPGs. Backed by a clever multimillion-dollar marketing campaign,

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series also made its debut on the NES console (and thus to American audiences) in 1987, with the port of

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system, where "the more you use a skill, the better you are with it", a mechanic that later appeared in

2759:, where in the 1st and 2nd editions, players are given random initial stats and a constant growth rate. 2187: 1501:

also released their first RPG that same year, which was an early futuristic sci-fi RPG for the PC-8801,

907:

from the late 1970s up until the mid-1990s. The country's computer market was very fragmented at first;

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abilities from each job before changing classes. The job and ATB systems continued to be used in later

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combat, with its requirement of faster reactions from players appealing to those who were more used to

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introduced the unique ability to transform into a monster, which allows the player to both scare human

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mechanic where health and magic slowly regenerate when standing still, a feature also used in Falcom's

1292: 1264: 1075: 862: 830: 274: 153: 142: 16040:"Genshin Impact Generates $ 60 Million in First Week as it Becomes World's No. 2 Grossing Mobile Game" 15285: 15184: 14274: 13558: 12730: 12246: 11616: 7908: 6809: 5737: 5341: 5112:. It became a major worldwide success, largely due to its "dynamic" presentation, "movie-quality CGI" 16012:"Genshin Impact works its magic to become biggest global launch of a Chinese game ever, analysts say" 13885: 13297: 10523: 10461: 9900: 9872: 9218: 9014: 8759: 8093: 8081: 6746:

for players to obtain new characters, weapons, and other resources. According to some media reports,

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system later in the game. It also featured concepts such as time travel; side-view battles, with the

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storyline that many RPGs follow, and a romance element that remains a staple of the genre, alongside

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setting and its emphasis on humour; the plot and characters were inspired by the Japanese folk tale

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of all time, due in large part to its large variety of Japanese RPGs (including franchises such as

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option and multiple endings, with at least a dozen possible endings based on the player's actions.

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The trend of combining role-playing elements with arcade-style action mechanics was popularized by

1223: 858: 651: 510: 235: 14962: 12702: 12380: 11575: 10885: 10407: 8660: 6895: 6533:(1992) along with a large amount of new content, including more secrets than any other version of 4613:

consoles. The implications for RPGs were enormous—longer, more involved quests, better audio, and

4331:

in the sense that the protagonist does not himself fight, but sends out his robots to do so. Like

16039: 15016: 14558: 13939:"Pokémon Black Version and Pokémon White Version for Nintendo DS coming to Europe in Spring 2011" 12087: 11965: 11765: 10327: 8138: 7534: 7124: 6917: 6743: 6386: 5532: 4906: 3763:

series, featured the ability to kill townspeople. The most important RPG that year, however, was

3753: 3531:, with a theme revolving around death, while the plot consisted of loosely connected stories and 3353: 3042:, released in 1987, was notable for several innovations, including a unique setting based on the 3024: 2486: 2204: 2141: 2039: 1449: 1247:

were very subtle, its success in Japan inspired the near-simultaneous development of three early

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featuring self-referential humour and a 30-second time limit for each level and boss encounter.

3952:"Tactics" system of its predecessor by allowing each ally's AI routines to be set individually. 16115:"The History of Computer Role-Playing Games Part III: The Platinum and Modern Ages (1994–2004)" 14502: 13217: 8111: 6211: 6179:

earned critical acclaims and sold over a million copies. The first main game on a home console

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featured branching storylines and up to three different possible endings, while the sci-fi RPG

4142: 4101: 3671: 3470: 2979: 2688: 2633:, created a streamlined gameplay format that made console RPGs accessible to a wider audience. 1952: 1901:, another hybrid of survival horror and RPG, though with more traditional RPG elements such as 1779: 1673: 1665: 1493:, the game also featured elements of post-apocalyptic science fiction as well as cyberpunk and 1426: 1324: 1167:

series of action RPGs. While its RPG elements were limited, lacking traditional statistical or

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franchise, these games later expanded the hunting RPG genre into other games as well, such as

2582:

console in 1985, and was a commercial success in Japan, where it laid the foundations for the

14241: 13419: 13103: 12189: 11871: 11553: 11220: 10267: 9977: 9955: 9781: 9212: 8806: 8753: 8444: 8318: 8075: 7878: 6336: 6287: 6241: 6169: 6139: 6058:. 2017 was considered a strong year for Japanese RPGs, with other notable releases including 5967: 5862: 5779: 5588: 5515: 4162: 3824: 3702: 3582: 3438: 2909:

theme in favour of a modern science-fiction setting and horror theme. It also introduced the

2843: 2826: 2331: 2306: 2302: 1964: 1922: 1751:, with expansion disks released soon after offering more scenarios. Falcom also released the 1642: 1637: 1486: 468: 17: 12046: 7227: 6605:—instead of charging a monthly fee, it generated revenue by selling in-game "enhancements". 945:. A key difference between Western and Japanese systems at the time was the latter's higher 14467: 13274: 12820: 12163: 11887: 10045: 8682: 7557: 6750:

was the biggest international launch of any Chinese video game at the time of its release.

6675:, was released in 1990. It has become a series and its latest sequel was released in 2020. 6639: 6560: 6190: 6033: 5785: 5712: 5578: 5551: 4952: 4602: 4590: 4294: 4228:

for having laid the foundations for modern Japanese RPGs with its progressive, non-linear,

4209:, which further expanded the non-linear gameplay of its predecessor. While in the original 4047: 3073: 2986: 2696: 2548: 2422: 2095: 2026: 1944: 1930: 1926: 1864: 1837: 1681: 1660: 1583: 1555: 1525: 1369: 1187: 866: 826: 822: 644: 359: 325: 15722: 13854: 9384: 9256: 4145:

into the genre. The game was created by a team previously responsible for the first three

3827:

RPG that lacked a predetermined story path and instead allowed the player to choose which

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was a more streamlined, faster-paced game based on exploration and combat, and featured a

2691:, and that could appeal to any kind of gamer. Compared to statistics-heavy computer RPGs, 2362:

and various weapons using power-orbs obtained from defeating enemies as well as storyline

8: 14377: 14296: 10636: 9585:"The Uncanny Valley of Love: The challenges and rewards of crafting a video game romance" 8826: 8060: 7586: 7070: 7019: 6982: 6076: 5659: 5509: 5487: 5292: 5211: 5175: 5127: 4850: 4811: 4739: 4700: 4501: 4447: 4320: 3980: 3877: 3868: 3828: 2876: 2837: 2610: 2599: 2492: 2137: 2078: 2069: 1956: 1748: 1744: 1672:

in single player, a female protagonist, the first heroic couple in gaming, and the first

1669: 1355: 1231: 983: 892: 335: 252: 14183: 9193: 8862: 5752: 3979:, an open-world RPG by Square that offered many choices and allowed players to complete 3473:, allowing up to five players to play simultaneously. That year also saw the release of 16308: 15958:"Genshin Impact, an ambitious Chinese RPG inspired by Breath of the Wild, is out today" 15451: 15048: 13158: 12132: 11988: 11724: 9833: 8522: 8405: 7940: 7829: 7499: 6679: 6590:, was released. Though unknown to many Western players, the game took Asia by storm as 6328:, the game marked over a million active players. Nintendo's tactical role-playing game 6312: 6257: 5903: 5708: 5676: 5663: 5614: 5606: 5519: 5329: 5100: 5012: 4793: 4480: 4422: 4359: 3954: 3863: 3837: 3820: 3774: 3744: 3566: 3122: 3106: 2995: 2752: 2721: 2258: 2125: 2064: 1702: 1619: 1610: 1315:, an action RPG released for the PC-8801 in 1984 and the Famicom in 1986, was an early 1078: 986:) became popular and influential in Japan. Early Japanese RPGs were also influenced by 946: 896: 880: 481: 383: 295: 257: 13763: 12464: 11655: 10566: 8643: 6856: 5376:, a controllable camera and customizable AI. When it was released it became the first 16255: 16223: 16146: 12262: 11849: 11694: 11300: 11189: 11113: 10945: 10922: 10139: 10064: 9484: 9157: 9066: 7968: 7395: 7047:"Hardcore Gaming 101 – Blog: Dark Age of JRPGs (1): The Dragon & Princess (1982)" 6840:

Brooks, M. Evan (November 1987). "Titans of the Computer Gaming World / MicroProse".

6672: 6668: 6656: 6508: 6462: 6346: 6247: 6159: 6070: 6060: 5961: 5874: 5541: 5475: 5362: 5335: 5275: 5232: 5165: 5152: 5094: 5078: 5066: 4879: 4623:, which is considered one of the most influential games of all time, akin to that of 4619: 4614: 4585: 4442: 4436: 4412: 4324: 4279: 4042: 3623: 3612: 3537: 3416: 3239: 3139: 2906: 2339: 2002: 1163: 574: 15673: 9417: 8184: 7328: 6026:

which has gameplay and storytelling thought to be some of the best in recent years.

3297:(1989) was an important milestone in the genre, establishing conventions such as an 2952:

games may represent the future of home video games, combining the qualities of both

2059:. The series was controversial for its plot, which revolves around a time-traveling 16220: 13982: 13916: 11497: 11296: 11185: 10177: 8580: 6500: 6487: 6263: 6229: 6100: 5937: 5773: 5736:

In 2011, Nintendo made a conscious effort to revitalize the Pokémon brand with the

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system where, during an event or conversation, the player must choose an action or

4376: 4305: 4237: 4205: 4186: 4158: 4082: 4074: 4025: 3964: 3833: 3787: 3765: 3733: 3552: 3442: 3412: 3380: 3307: 3293: 3227: 3206: 3182: 3114: 3077: 3069: 2934: 2902: 2741: 2441: 2433: 2370: 2247: 2108: 2034: 1783: 1505:, featuring a post-apocalyptic setting. Other sci-fi RPGs released in 1985 include 1418: 1183: 1168: 1143: 1095: 1067: 707: 671: 330: 226: 15910:"Chinese action RPG Xuan-Yuan Sword 7 hits October 29th with a demo available now" 14658: 14005: 13625: 12676: 11071: 9594: 2033:

for the MSX2 and PC-88 abandoned certain RPG elements of its predecessor, such as

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for the Nintendo Switch. There were notable remasters released in 2019 including

6209:. 2018 saw a decent amount of JRPG remasters from the past generations including 6199: 6055: 6006: 5868: 5856: 5815: 5791: 5353: 5317: 5104:. The game introduced several other gameplay elements to the series, such as its 5060: 4859: 4854: 4772:

has since become the best-selling RPG franchise of all time. Another 1998 title,

4485: 4425: 4403: 4387: 3885: 3798: 3793: 3632: 3362: 3327:

settings. The game's science fiction story was also unique, reversing the common

3324: 2863: 2857: 2737: 2733: 2461: 2428: 2411: 2083: 1988: 1868: 1852: 1752: 1594: 1494: 1195: 350: 16071:"The History of Computer Role-Playing Games Part 1: The Early Years (1980–1983)" 14405: 13702: 12487: 12016: 10488: 10438: 10375: 5540:

action combat system that involves controlling two characters at the same time.

4161:. It was intended to be one of the first CD-ROM RPGs, as a launch title for the 2444:. The game was not released in Western markets until 2011. In an interview with 1323:

and load options which can be done at any moment of the game through the use of

16093:"The History of Computer Role-Playing Games Part 2: The Golden Age (1985–1993)" 12847: 12604: 12571: 10631: 10081: 8382: 6728: 6478: 6235: 5994: 5955: 5893: 5637: 5593: 5573: 5546: 5430: 5382: 5281: 5027: 4977: 4839: 4537: 4354: 4255: 4129: 4091: 3975: 3896: 3802: 3542: 3379:

featured the use of scattered notes as a storytelling mechanic and a number of

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series reworked the entire game system of each installment was an influence on

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combat system is used. Also in 1982, Koei released another early Japanese RPG,

1071: 1063: 1059: 990: 218: 15815: 15759: 14762: 13378: 9732: 8224: 7654: 7422: 6956:"Hardcore Gaming 101 – Blog: Dark Age of JRPGs (2): Some games we cannot play" 5920:

dropped souls if they can reach the place of their death without dying again.

5169:

for the PlayStation 2 followed the "stylish narrative formula" established by

4849:

series, allowing the player to build the game world they choose, complete any

3737:(1991) helped popularize dramatic storytelling in RPGs (alongside the earlier 953:

which in turn influenced game design. Japanese computers also employed Yamaha

16327: 13008: 12944: 11376: 10831: 10772: 9960: 9346: 8953:"Paranoia, Madness, Suicide and Cannibalism; Who Says 16-Bit Can't Be Scary?" 8707: 7282: 6886: 6470: 6466: 6022: 5979: 5821: 5690: 5632: 5598: 5537: 5505: 5368: 5187: 5117: 5032: 5003: 4990: 4939: 4845: 4731: 4689: 4561: 4559:

led to a wave of games that combine the RPG and dating sim genres, including

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elements. A similar game released by Kure Software Koubou that same year was

2055:

also debuted in 1988. It is a series of action-platform RPGs, beginning with

2046: 1897: 1847: 1832: 1818: 1796: 1535: 1516: 1490: 1406: 1297: 1176: 1123: 1089:), a PC-8001 title that also featured adventure game elements in addition to 1017: 300: 247: 15570:"Ni No Kuni 2 Sales Reach Almost a Million Units, Soundtrack Releasing Soon" 15064:"Valve: Skyrim fastest-selling game in Steam history • News • Eurogamer.net" 14893: 12297: 11475: 8811: 8449: 8159: 5925: 2284: 1571: 14816: 14554: 12513:"Romancing SaGa 2 doesn't get enough credit for helping shape modern JRPGs" 11579: 10982: 10492: 9932: 8180: 7444: 6891: 6774: 6602: 6517: 6130: 6065: 5985: 5850: 5501: 5451: 5305: 5238: 5224: 5220: 4912: 4883: 4606: 4552: 4533: 4397: 4299: 4284: 4269: 4213:

scenarios were changed according to dialogue choices during conversations,

4154: 4107: 3778: 3528: 3420: 3402: 3390: 3385: 3316: 3298: 3110: 2780: 2670: 2481: 2471: 2406: 2397: 2355: 2237: 2219: 2209: 2166: 1993: 1881: 1787: 1718: 1714: 1706: 1597:

battle. The game featured a variety of weapons and equipment as well as an

1593:

perspective inside buildings, while bosses are fought in an arena-style 2D

1459: 1422: 1287: 1138: 1051: 1011: 1002: 987: 961: 926: 689: 664: 378: 16247:

Dungeons and Dreamers: The Rise of Computer Game Culture from Geek to Chic

12980: 5179:-esque" approach. That same year saw the release of the more experimental 4886:

relationships as well as friendships) of their choice, allowing a form of

3940:. In turn, the concept of collecting everything in a game, in the form of 3343:

series. It also made a bold attempt at social commentary years before the

2388:

series (1988 onwards). Influenced by console RPGs and based mostly on the

1912: 845:"JRPG" redirects here. For Japanese pen-and-paper role-playing games, see 16251: 16142: 14957: 14843: 14036: 13791: 12863: 12553: 11292:

Swords & circuitry: a designer's guide to computer role playing games

11181:

Swords & circuitry: a designer's guide to computer role playing games

10557:"The Greatest Games of All Time: Phantasy Star II – Features at GameSpot" 10143: 8787: 8270: 7923: 7824: 7802: 6824: 6724:

in China, although many generally remain unheard of outside the country.

6545: 6380: 6307: 6281: 6148: 5555: 5527: 5523: 5424: 5109: 5022: 4896: 4887: 4774: 4765: 4743: 4667: 4544: 4525: 4430: 4274: 4260: 4254:

dealt with mature themes such as suicide, war crimes, child abandonment,

4242: 4191: 4174: 4170: 4065: 4029: 3858:, which was controversial, with a plot revolving around a time-traveling 3806: 3651: 3467: 3284: 3278: 3248: 3030: 2953: 2910: 2807: 2591: 2524: 2476: 2335: 2326: 2298: 2294: 2266: 2242: 2171: 2091: 2077:

included both overhead exploration and side-scrolling combat, featured a

1756: 1733:

action RPG produced, allowing two-player cooperative gameplay. The fifth

1730: 1563: 1530: 1443: 1373: 1349: 1236: 1210: 1191: 1033: 918: 914: 909: 624: 611: 493: 14092: 12381:"Secret of Mana for iPhone, iPod touch and iPad on the iTunes App Store" 11372:"A Warrior's Quest: A Retrospective of Square-Enix's Classic RPG Series" 5400: 5126:

series was released. The series would later be acclaimed for its darker

4601:

The next major revolution came in the late 1990s, which saw the rise of

3199:

was the most substantial example of open-world gameplay among the early

2703:

used for dungeons in earlier computer RPGs. The streamlined gameplay of

2616: 2440:

lack any means of defending themselves; the game also featured up to 20

1485:, released for the PC-8801 in 1985, was an early example of a real-time 1066:

elements and revolved around rescuing a kidnapped princess. Following a

15491:"Monster Hunter: World is now the best-selling title in Capcom history" 14989: 14897: 14300: 12293: 11938: 11098: 9480:

Japan on the upswing: why the bubble burst and Japan's economic renewal

9234: 6769: 6740: 6733: 6614: 6597: 6529: 6082: 5915: 5832: 5827: 5722: 5655: 5642: 5456: 5388: 5373: 5130:

narrative revolving around "an emotional journey through the reluctant

4871: 4805: 4597:

discs, was an important milestone that popularized the genre worldwide.

4529: 4475: 4417: 4229: 3908: 3844: 3791:, the ATB system would be hidden to the player. However, starting with 3706: 3628: 3547: 3480: 3429: 3312: 3095: 3049: 2999: 2971: 2867:) that American gamers were previously more familiar with at the time. 2638: 2565: 2414: 2401: 2344: 2310: 2157: 2121: 2010: 1983: 1902: 1876: 1842: 1813: 1698: 1386: 1320: 1316: 1220: 969: 957: 305: 9831: 8500: 7468:"IGN India discusses game design: Combat in open world games – IGNdia" 6699:

skills to train and develop, as well as a grid-based movement system.

4993:

that continue to dominate the Japanese sales charts". More generally,

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with many RPG elements, which would inspire later action RPGs such as

16304: 16282: 16119: 16097: 16075: 15495: 15095: 14710: 13827: 13586: 13515: 13131: 12916: 12896: 12328: 12074: 11347: 10913: 10466: 10295: 9698: 9669: 9515: 9453: 9310: 9282: 9039: 8982: 8929: 8711: 8386: 8035: 7697: 6398: 6028: 5910: 5469: 5414: 5083: 5017: 4957: 4823: 4735: 4725: 4644: 4625: 4617:. This was clearly demonstrated in 1997 by the phenomenal success of 4506: 4246: 4195: 4086: 4015: 3815: 3687: 3532: 3505: 3398: 3253: 3068:

with the open world of an action-adventure and RPG mechanics such as

2786:

is still considered a bellwether for the Japanese video game market.

2528: 2466: 2445: 2385: 2363: 2288: 2195: 2161: 2102:

where characters could be controlled using a cursor. It was cited by

1968: 1824: 1739: 1435:, which would do the same for each of its installments. According to 1205: 1199: 1179: 818: 269: 240: 15133:"Bravely Default's Strong Sales Continue, Reach 1 Million Worldwide" 9476: 6449:

series. In the late 1980s, the Korean company Topia began producing

4580: 3944:

or similar rewards, has since become a common trend in video games.

3631:", a character progression engine allowing the player to change the 3301:, dramatic, character-driven storyline, and science fiction setting. 2794:, the first NES RPG to be released in North America. The release of 2278: 1871:

RPG. Designed by Katsuya Iwamoto, the game revolved around a female

1074:

interface to a separate, graphical, overhead battle screen, where a

16216:

Dungeons & Desktops: The History of Computer Role-Playing Games

16192: 16165: 15962: 15914: 15387: 14382: 14348: 13942: 13041: 12517: 11845: 11734: 11665: 11548: 10561: 10112: 9261: 9198: 9167: 9142: 9094: 9019: 7176: 7156: 7129: 7014: 6692: 6440: 6000: 5831:

suffered from poor feedback by non-critic reviewers, especially on

5750:

in 2012, a first for the main series. 2012 also saw the release of

5685: 5654:, in particular, revitalized the genre with an extremely expansive 5526:, have featured a number of innovative RPGs during the late 2000s. 5464: 5460: 5372:

game to have enemies on the field, seamless battle transitions, an

5300: 5296: 5156: 5131: 5113: 4917: 4817: 4315: 4293:, a first-person RPG, is noted for being one of the earliest known 4220: 4068:

as well as strong characterization and humorous conversations. The

4060:

RPG that combined the gameplay of an open-world action RPG with an

3914: 3859: 3715:

with the level-building and spell-casting of traditional RPGs like

3636: 3358: 3004: 2975: 2880: 2642: 2575: 2389: 2060: 1722: 978: 965: 960:

since the early 1980s, allowing video game music composers such as

934: 922: 12589:. Vol. 64, no. 11. IDG Communications. pp. 192–194. 2883:

used in action-adventures and the experience points used in RPGs.

2417:

created using the RPG Maker engine. Much like the survival horror

1713:

an early example of a non-linear, open-world action RPG. Another "

1654:

view. That same year also saw the arcade release of the sequel to

1476:

in 1985 featured an early morality meter, where the player can be

15810: 15754: 14924: 14498: 14462: 14269: 14119: 14087: 13414: 13373: 13212: 12672: 12288: 11407: 11288: 11177: 11151: 11066: 11048: 10977: 10826: 10767: 10663: 10599: 10323: 9758: 9727: 9589: 9412: 9379: 9341: 8857: 8665: 8294: 8219: 7649: 7452: 7417: 7277: 7222: 6702:

China has a number of domestically produced games. These include

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gameplay with stronger RPG mechanics, all released in late 1984:

1215: 1155:. It was developed by Yoshio Kiya, who would go on to create the 1152: 1047: 904: 604: 14812:"2D Forever: the fall and rise of hardcore Japanese game design" 12281: 11252:"East Is West: How Two Classic RPGs Prove the Stereotypes False" 9034: 6342:

Dragon Quest XI S: Echoes of an Elusive Age – Definitive Edition

5854:. However, JRPGs released by Nintendo continue to prosper, with 5422:

for the PlayStation 2, was released. Other notable releases are

4309:, the latter described by its staff as a spiritual successor to 2790:

did not reach North America until 1989, when it was released as

2464:

platform. This began with the 2010 release of doujin/indie game

1134:(アルフガルド), an FM-7 title also featuring adventure game elements. 84: 15878: 15456: 15311:"Did 2016 truly hold up as a comeback year for the JRPG genre?" 13582:"'Dirge of Cerberus' defies expectations, for better and worse" 6565: 6505: 6458: 6365:

Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey

6144: 5913:

games are a relatively new genre born due to popularity of the

5888: 5243: 5204: 4972: 4594: 3425: 3394: 3348: 2152:

in 1989 departed from the action-oriented gameplay of previous

1906: 1747:, to play through in the order of their choice. It was also an 1567: 1550: 973: 834: 12392: 12390: 12282:

Parish, Jeremy; Frank Cifaldi; Kevin Gifford (December 2003).

9755:"Ultima I: The First Age of Darkness (Pony Canyon) – overview" 8094:"The Return of Ishtar Release Information for FM-7 – GameFAQs" 6163:

sold over 1 million units exclusively on the Nintendo Switch.

4916:, which became the third game to receive a perfect score from 2813:

Other releases at the time were the action role-playing games

2358:, with many RPG elements such as permanently levelling up the 1646:, was a sci-fi RPG that had the player control a customizable 1024:

Japan's earliest RPGs were released in 1982. The earliest was

15674:"『FF14』吉田氏＆織田氏インタビュー。野村哲也氏が描く"ガイア"は次回レイドで大暴れ！【gamescom 2019】" 13369:"Sakura Wars Comes to America, But is it Too Late to Matter?" 13004:"Game Informer's Top 100 Games of All Time (Circa Issue 100)" 11842:

Final Fantasy V Advance: The Official Nintendo Player's Guide

10082:"25. Castlevania II: Simon's Quest – Top 100 NES Games – IGN" 9641: 6938:"1982-1987 – The Birth of Japanese RPGs, re-told in 15 Games" 6688: 6525: 6482: 6252: 5559: 5419: 4989:

games, and giving rise to "an entire pantheon of multiplayer

4265: 4079: 3577: 3411:. The music for the game was also composed by noted musician 3130: 2898: 2725: 2613:(called "Vitality" in-game), also ported to the NES in 1987. 2587: 2586:

subgenre. Other notable early console RPGs included ports of

2516: 2359: 2314: 2191: 2021: 1790:

and Mieko Ishikawa. In terms of the number of game releases,

1647: 1579: 1414: 1376:, was released on the PC-8801 in Japan. It became one of the 1240: 1127: 1091: 10108:"The History of Castlevania – Castlevania II: Simon's Quest" 6568:'s dominance in the global MMORPG market for several years. 1409:

view during exploration and an overhead view during battle.

15207:"10 Upcoming 'Souls Like' Games To Play After Dark Souls 3" 14920:"Radiant Historia Gives Off a Distinct Chrono Trigger Vibe" 12387: 11962:"Dragon Quest V: Hand of the Heavenly Bride – Staff Review" 10105: 6633: 6492: 6186: 6012: 4971:, setting the template for small-scale online RPGs such as 4466: 3958:, released in 1992 for the SNES, introduced an early moral 3836:

as well as create and modify the tanks used in battle. The

3656: 3493:, which adopted the morality meter of its 1985 predecessor 3401:

and voice acting. The game's plot was also unusual for its

3288: 2915: 2656: 2449: 2183: 1872: 1860: 1512: 1454: 1025: 1006: 994: 942: 930: 903:, the country had in fact produced thousands of commercial 876: 14297:"Gameplanet – Previews – Star Ocean: Till The End of Time" 13816: 13814: 13410:"The Essential 50 Part 38: Final Fantasy VII from 1UP.com" 9640:. Square-Enix. The History of Dragon Quest. Archived from 8678: 6780:

List of best-selling Japanese role-playing game franchises

6473:. Another action RPG released by Topia that same year was 3852:

released a console remake of its 1988 action-platform RPG

3728: 3277:

introduced a new form of gameplay: a unique tennis-themed

2043:

while retaining the horror atmosphere of its predecessor.

2037:, and instead adopted more action-adventure elements from 1622:, allowing the eleven levels to be explored in any order. 15829: 15773: 15518:"Dragon Quest 11 Sales Numbers Reach 4 Million Worldwide" 15148:"Square Enix Financials Cast Final Fantasy 14 as Saviour" 14349:

Colette Bennett & Simon Carless (18 September 2010).

12536:(Super Nintendo Entertainment System). Square Soft, Inc. 12236: 12234: 11989:"Hardcore Gaming 101: Megami Tensei / Shin Megami Tensei" 11431:

Final Fantasy Anthology North American instruction manual

10918: 10845: 10786: 10397: 10395: 10393: 10068: 10005:"Miracle Warriors: Seal of the Dark Lord / Haja no fuuin" 8238: 7296: 7068: 6375: 5646: 4345: 3665:, which was successful in combining the strategy RPG and 3484: 2879:

mechanic, which at the time blurred the line between the

2377: 2227: 2009:

in 1988, was an action RPG with a similar side-scrolling

1809: 1520: 938: 884: 15649:"Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice Sales Reach Almost 4 Million" 15627:

Kingdom Hearts 3 Has Shipped Over 5 Million Copies – IGN

15260:"2017: The Year Japanese RPGs Caught Up To Western RPGs" 7514:

The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers, Volume 2

7250:

The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers, Volume 2

7204:

Dark Age of JRPGs (7): Panorama Toh ぱのらま島 – PC-88 (1983)

5625:

In the early 2010s, new intellectual properties such as

3315:

established many conventions of the genre, including an

1589:

view during outdoor exploration to a fully 3D polygonal

15859:

Michael Kanellos (2004), "Gaming their Way to Growth",

15229:"Nioh Naysayers and the Manifestation of the Soulslike" 15185:"5 Games Series That Have Defined a Genre – GeekTyrant" 13811: 13034: 11454: 11452: 11324: 11322: 10028: 10026: 9536: 9534: 9532: 8889:"Date européenne fixe pour l'action/RPG Last Rebellion" 8434: 8432: 7524: 7522: 6548:

became very popular in South Korea from the mid-1990s.

5835:. JRPG installments from mainstream franchises such as 5082:) also featuring this development. It also replaced an 3675:

series that began in 1983. Several early RPGs set in a

3076:

appear in certain locations and offered three possible

852: 15472:"Monster Hunter World Sales Reach at Least 10 Million" 15254: 15252: 15250: 14543: 13028: 12619:"A love letter to Final Fantasy VI – Reader's Feature" 12231: 12010: 12008: 12006: 11599: 11597: 10390: 10200:

Final Fantasy Explorer's Handbook (instruction manual)

7356: 7354: 5055:) that established its dominance over the RPG market. 4768:

gameplay and was released in North America that year.

4036:, and Nojima would later revisit the amnesia theme in 3973:

series. Another non-linear RPG released that year was

3508:

for the opening and ending, a combat system closer to

2534: 1827:

for the opening and ending, a combat system closer to

1542: 1126:

RPG that revolved around a search for the treasure of

16031: 15426:"Nintendo's revenue rockets as Switch nears 15m sold" 15305: 15303: 14911: 12643:"Important Importables: Best SNES role-playing games" 11780: 11007: 10251: 10249: 9953: 6882:"Extra Credits: Western & Japanese RPGs (Part 1)" 6461:

in 1989. It was the first Korean title published for

4258:, and coping with the deaths of loved ones. Square's 2511:

By 2015, Japan had become the world's fourth largest

2202:, a revised version of which was released in 1992 as 1905:

combat. It was mostly set in a mansion infested with

1717:" style open-world action RPG released that year was 1605:

use of 3D polygons allowed full 360-degree movement.

1286:

continuing their rivalry through subsequent sequels.

152:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are 13239:

Nickel, Thomas (Summer 2011), Parish, Jeremy (ed.),

12186:"RPGFan Reviews – Lunar: Silver Star Story Complete" 11449: 11319: 10519:"5 WAYS JAPANESE GAMING STILL RULES: ATELIER TOTORI" 10023: 9787:

While America has been concentrating on yet another

9529: 9062:"PC games revenue to hit $ 42 billion in 2020 – DFC" 8574: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8429: 7519: 6720:. There are a large number of domestically-produced 4245:

setting of its predecessors, instead being set in a

4078:

released that year was also notable for introducing

3261:, a fictional creature inspired by Hayao Miyazaki's 3080:

depending on the time it took to complete the game.

2354:, including an armaments system that employs recoil 1800:

as the largest Eastern role-playing game franchise.

1278:. A rivalry developed between the three games, with 15247: 14737:"Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor – NDS – Review" 12426:"Secret of Mana – SNES review at Thunderbolt Games" 12003: 11594: 10550: 10548: 10546: 9472: 9470: 8773:"Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier" 8295:Chris Greening & Don Kotowski (February 2011). 7909:"Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier" 7788:"Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier" 7351: 6810:"Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier" 6601:, another sprite-based title, which was completely 6516:, developed by Mantra. The latter was a mash-up of 5872:selling well above expectations for the genre, and 5437:

Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a King

4704:was an early fully 3D action RPG that had a unique 3963:alignment, leading to different possible paths and 3655:series. Another notable strategy RPG that year was 3383:depending on which characters survived to the end. 2669:, and the mystery storytelling in Horii's own 1983 2625:(1986), which combined the overhead exploration of 1992:, produced for the PC-8801 and later ported to the 1693:while maintaining the fully side-scrolling view of 15723:"Part 1: First steps and emancipation (1976–1993)" 15333:"How Japanese video games made a comeback in 2017" 15300: 14482: 14351:"Opinion: Sex and The Male Psychology – Catherine" 13821:Boyer, Brandon; Cifaldi, Frank (3 November 2006). 13509:Boyer, Brandon; Cifaldi, Frank (3 November 2006). 13093: 13091: 12758: 12756: 12636: 12634: 12632: 12630: 12628: 12585:Scary Larry (November 1994). "Final Fantasy III". 12115:. Vol. 2. DieHard Gamers Club. Archived from 10815: 10813: 10756: 10754: 10752: 10246: 9723:"Why the tiniest Dragon Quest is the biggest deal" 9223: 6405: 6316:selling over 5 million copies in the first month. 6300:Xenoblade Chronicles 2: Torna – The Golden Country 5765:In 2012 and onwards, a surge in new JRPGs such as 4693:, which expands on the non-linear gameplay of its 3428:, utilized to provide enhanced graphics, animated 2905:abandoned the common medieval fantasy setting and 1327:as the primary back-up, and the introduction of a 813:While the early history and distinctive traits of 14789:"Devil Survivor and the Countdown Clock To Death" 14685:"Hands on Inazuma Eleven's Random Soccer Battles" 13823:"The Gamasutra Quantum Leap Awards: Storytelling" 13511:"The Gamasutra Quantum Leap Awards: Storytelling" 13232: 9616: 9614: 9612: 8565: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8024: 8022: 8020: 7693:"Game Design Essentials: 20 RPGs – Dragon Slayer" 7493: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7485: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6795: 5944:Dragon Quest VII: Fragments of the Forgotten Past 3365:genre, later serving as the main inspiration for 2279:Decline and independent titles (late 1990s–2000s) 2112:series of tactical RPGs. According to Takahashi, 2086:interface in a real-time overhead action RPG was 1729:, which was possibly the only Metroidvania-style 1689:) returned to the deeper action-RPG mechanics of 1558:. It was a 1986 role-playing shooter released by 16325: 14116:"First Major Details on Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim" 13900: 12940:"Mass Effect 2 Will Not Feature 'New Game Plus'" 12864:"Chrono Trigger: 1994/1995 Developer Interviews" 12796:"Nintendo Ultra 64: The Launch of the Decade?". 12696: 12694: 12531: 12284:"Classics Column #1: Desperately Seeking Seiken" 11910:"Knocked Up: A Look at Pregnancy in Video Games" 11869:Nguyen, Thierry (July 1998). "Final Fantasy V". 10588: 10586: 10584: 10543: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9467: 9090:"The surprising explosion of RPG Maker on Steam" 9008: 9006: 9004: 7935: 7933: 7674: 7672: 7605: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7383: 6760:Cultural differences in role-playing video games 6182:Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee! 5407: 4421:allowed players to shape the game world through 4000:had promised but were unable to live up to. The 3247:also featured open-ended exploration, and had a 1863:title developed by Fun Factory and published by 1021:eventually cementing genre tropes by the 1990s. 15741: 15275: 15273: 15231:. Cubed Gamers. 27 January 2017. Archived from 15118:"Here's How Much Dragon Quest IX Sold Overseas" 14831: 13968: 13966: 13964: 13962: 13960: 13088: 13067: 12753: 12625: 11689: 11687: 11498:"Phantasy Star III: Generations of Doom Review" 11433:. Square Enix Co. pp. 17–18. SLUS-00879GH. 11428: 10973:"8-Bit Cafe: Game Boy Essentials, 1989 Edition" 10810: 10749: 10512: 10510: 10428: 9896:"5 WAYS JAPANESE GAMING STILL RULES: CATHERINE" 9685: 9439: 9437: 9435: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8336: 8334: 7413:"Hack and Slash: What Makes a Good Action RPG?" 7326: 6839: 6556:massively multiplayer online role-playing games 6498:1994 saw the release of two major Korean RPGs: 6359:Ni no Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch Remastered 6113:The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky the 3rd 4833:. Square also expanded on the non-linearity of 3679:future were also released that year, including 3559: 3535:rather than an epic narrative. That same year, 3397:and the first in the genre to feature animated 2455: 15871: 15596:"Pokémon: Let's Go Has Sold 10 Million Copies" 14582:"Shadow Hearts – Review: PS2 RPGs Come of Age" 14138: 14136: 13468: 13466: 13035:GameSpot editorial team, ed. (17 April 2006). 12724: 12722: 12720: 12375: 12373: 12317: 12315: 11171: 10970: 10705:"The Foundation: Resident Evil and Sweet Home" 9609: 8846: 8844: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8199: 8017: 7482: 6792: 6004:, which some critics consider the best in the 5882:New directions and renaissance (2010s–present) 5312:Xenosaga Episode II: Jenseits von Gut und Böse 5236:was released and became the first game in the 5161:massively multiplayer online role-playing game 5031:(2010). That year also saw the release of the 4268:chapter in particular was an early example of 2740:that was considered revolutionary for console 1130:. ASCII released its own RPG that year called 840: 720:History of East Asian role-playing video games 15545:"Octopath Traveler sells 1m copies worldwide" 15326: 15324: 15322: 15320: 15091:"Guild Wars 2 nabs fastest selling MMO crown" 15044:"Pokémon + Nobunaga's Ambition Game Revealed" 14262: 14231: 14080: 13646: 13441: 13439: 13437: 13404: 13402: 13400: 13398: 13396: 13366: 12837: 12835: 12691: 11635: 11633: 11631: 11086: 10581: 10365: 9848: 9477:Goro Gotemba & Yoshiyuki Iwamoto (2006). 9334: 9001: 8850: 8716: 8031:"Game Design Essentials: 20 Open World Games" 7930: 7669: 7645:"8-Bit Cafe: The Shadow Complex Origin Story" 7642: 7572: 7380: 7266: 7264: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7215: 6422:History of massively multiplayer online games 6276:The Legend of Heroes: Trails of Cold Steel II 5395:Xenosaga Episode III: Also sprach Zarathustra 5242:series to have 3D graphics and voice acting. 3393:that same year was the first RPG released on 2106:'s Hiroyuki Takahashi as inspiration for the 1947:gameplay, which would occasionally switch to 1032:, released in March 1982. It was followed by 794: 755:History of massively multiplayer online games 413: 15270: 15160: 15036: 14809: 13957: 13869: 13820: 13508: 12728: 11839: 11684: 11213: 11211: 11144: 10507: 10361: 10359: 10357: 9954:Boy Scouts of America, Inc (November 1988). 9929:"RPGFan Previews – Phantasy Star Collection" 9832:Kurt Kalata & Christopher J. Snelgrove. 9432: 8770: 8608: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8331: 7906: 7785: 7443: 7364:. GameSetWatch. 12 July 2006. Archived from 7320: 6854: 6848: 6807: 6630:franchise has attracted 43 million players. 5568:(2009) blends together both traditional and 4428:elements, expanding on its 1992 predecessor 4028:, introduced the plot element of a nameless 3642:Fire Emblem: Ankoku Ryu to Hikari no Tsurugi 2629:with the first-person menu-driven combat of 2178:with fantasy role-playing and introduced an 2156:titles, and instead used a more traditional 1664:, an early action RPG to feature two-player 1198:by finding and consuming rations to restore 993:, which were developed by companies such as 15922: 15832: 15803: 15776: 15747: 15009: 14837: 14133: 13997: 13463: 13320:"Top 20 Scrollers (Part 5) – No. 5, #4, #3" 12909: 12762: 12717: 12584: 12370: 12312: 12267:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 11986: 11789:"Column: 'Might Have Been' – Telenet Japan" 11118:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10848: 10819: 10789: 10760: 10058: 9634:"Dragon Quest: Sential of the Starry Skies" 9375:"The Essential 50 Part 20 – Dragon Warrior" 9194:"Druaga no Tou Release Information for NES" 9015:"How Japan learned to love PC gaming again" 8841: 8619: 8578: 8358: 8241: 8212: 8055: 8053: 7690: 7556:. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from 7329:"レトロゲーム配信サイトと配信タイトルのピックアップ紹介記事「懐かし (Retro)" 7299: 7270: 7080:. The Nippon Foundation. pp. 124–160. 6932: 6930: 6765:History of Western role-playing video games 6378:were released. Other notable JRPGs include 5707:introduced a unique take on the concept of 5467:, was released. Other notable releases are 5134:'s quest toward redemption". Much like the 4555:depending on the situation. The success of 4181:Phantasy Star IV: The End of the Millennium 4111:and extended to normal enemies in Square's 2603:, which was ported to the NES in 1985, and 725:History of Western role-playing video games 72:Learn how and when to remove these messages 31:History of Western role-playing video games 15352:"PC & Tech Authority | TechRadar" 15317: 14636:"Talking Point: Is the DS Dead at Retail?" 14397: 14142: 13673: 13434: 13393: 12832: 12324:"Secret of Mana hits App Store this month" 11628: 11289:Neal Hallford & Jana Hallford (2001), 11178:Neal Hallford & Jana Hallford (2001), 10317: 9408:"The GameSpy Hall of Fame: Dragon Warrior" 7781: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7547: 7407: 7405: 7255: 7209: 7152:"The forgotten origins of JRPGs on the PC" 7018:. 4 August 2001. p. 4. Archived from 5620: 5261:Dragon Quest V: Hand of the Heavenly Bride 4758:, was further advanced and popularized by 4173:" menu system, its innovative cooperative 3967:. This has since become a hallmark of the 3872:action game series, while the gameplay of 3125:took inspiration from certain elements in 2998:action RPG featuring a Metroidvania-style 2376:Lastly, in the late 1990s, a new Internet 2321:) continued their focus on the PC market. 1929:and role-playing game elements along with 801: 787: 420: 406: 15423: 14057: 14006:"Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time review" 14003: 13878:"A Visual Guide to the Role-Playing Game" 13784: 13700: 13342:"Sakura Wars ~So Long My Love~ Interview" 12970: 12912:"A Japanese RPG Primer: The Essential 20" 12851:. Vol. 74. July 1995. pp. 52–3. 12813: 12811: 12703:"HonestGamers – Dragon Knight III review" 12485: 12396: 12160:"RPGFan Reviews – Lunar: The Silver Star" 11816:"Sunsoft scores Telenet Japan franchises" 11650: 11648: 11243: 11208: 10516: 10354: 10320:"Dragon Quest: Ye Complete Dragonography" 9893: 9368: 9366: 9364: 9330: 9328: 9278:"A Japanese RPG Primer: The Essential 20" 8882: 8880: 8391: 8071: 8069: 7611: 7064: 7062: 7060: 6334:earned critical acclaim. Capcom released 6270:Shin Megami Tensei: Strange Journey Redux 6154:Dragon Quest XI: Echoes of an Elusive Age 3691:, which was inspired by Hayao Miyazaki's 2886: 2798:was followed by NES remakes of the early 1951:gameplay when exploring outer space with 190:Learn how and when to remove this message 172:Learn how and when to remove this message 15449: 15408: 14739:. GameZone. 22 June 2009. Archived from 14656: 14029: 13061: 12861: 12349: 12088:"HonestGamers – Dragon Knight II review" 12085: 12014: 10688: 10651: 10481: 10401: 8470:. Amusement Center. 2011. Archived from 8153: 8050: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7497: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6927: 6695:, featured a number of melee and ranged 6634:Chinese and Taiwanese role-playing games 6032:won the Best Role Playing Game award at 4579: 3727: 3283: 3094:RPG with a unique plot revolving around 2615: 1911: 1243:in June 1984. While the RPG elements in 1204: 1054:setting. It was then followed by Koei's 921:, though with some competition from the 875: 871: 148:Relevant discussion may be found on the 109:of all important aspects of the article. 16037: 15874:"The Best-Selling Videogame Franchises" 15349: 15330: 15145: 15130: 14983: 14840:"News: Infinite Space Dated For Europe" 14786: 14682: 14579: 13972: 13909:"Pokemon Report: World Records Edition" 13906: 13241:"Beyond the Beyond: Beyond Redemption?" 13179: 12399:"Dungeon Siege III Developer Interview" 11907: 11576:"Final Fantasy Retrospective Part XIII" 11541: 11092: 10906: 10517:Patterson, Eric L. (27 December 2011). 9894:Patterson, Eric L. (30 December 2011). 8979:"Video Game Features, PC Game Features" 8922: 8853:"Retronauts: Volume 4 – Yasumi Matsuno" 8654: 8603:Sunsoft scores Telenet Japan franchises 7992: 7986: 7817: 7770: 7402: 6659:and the first commercial Chinese game. 6655:was released in Taiwan in 1986. It's a 6147:'s best-selling single software title. 6119:Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia 6016:which is considered to have one of the 5804:Etrian Odyssey IV: Legends of the Titan 5762:series of strategy role-playing games. 4053:Landstalker: The Treasures of King Nole 3645:, a game that set the template for the 3457:in 1990, as well as many other prizes. 3361:theme and laid the foundations for the 2963:Miracle Warriors: Seal of the Dark Lord 2527:. The Japanese game development engine 2499:The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky 1986:console in 1990. Another 1988 release, 1046:franchise, it replaced the traditional 1040:, released in April 1982; based on the 14: 16326: 16158: 16135:Loguidice, Bill; Barton, Matt (2009), 15983: 15955: 15928: 15720: 15424:Handrahan, Matthew (31 January 2018). 15279: 15012:"Imageepoch Unveils New Wave of JRPGs" 14917: 14891: 14763:"IGN: SMT: Devil Survivor review, IGN" 14551:"Final Fantasy Retrospective Part VII" 14488: 14403: 14375: 13753: 13298:"Hardcore Gaming 101: Guardian Heroes" 13238: 13124: 13100:"Final Fantasy VIII – Staff Retroview" 13097: 12808: 12321: 11987:Kalata, Kurt; Snelgrove, Christopher. 11885: 11868: 11786: 11645: 11458: 11369: 11340: 11328: 11249: 11062:"Retronauts Carjacks Grand Theft Auto" 11059: 10943: 10875: 10592: 10489:"Final Fantasy Retrospective: Part II" 10348: 10255: 10240: 10032: 9720: 9582: 9540: 9361: 9325: 9303: 9275: 9108: 9012: 8886: 8877: 8373:, Hardcore Gaming 101, 15 January 2011 8268: 8066: 8028: 7960: 7872: 7437: 7087:from the original on 4 September 2011. 7057: 6537:. Both games were a success in Korea, 6143:sold over 10 million copies, becoming 5798:Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance 5443:Tales of Symphonia: Knight of Ratatosk 4900:. However, the relationship system in 4746:RPGs which, although originating from 4461:Fire Emblem: Genealogy of the Holy War 3722:Phantasy Star III: Generations of Doom 2806:titles over the next several years by 2553: 1578:, the player controls a transformable 740:History of tactical role-playing games 105:Please consider expanding the lead to 16244:King, Brad; Borland, John M. (2003). 16212: 16185: 16003: 15411:"Nioh: Complete Edition Coming to PC" 15282:"The JRPG is Doing Just Fine, Thanks" 15163:"How Dark Souls Became Its Own Genre" 14986:"Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together" 14950: 14633: 14606: 13875: 13849:Clark, James Quentin (30 July 2008). 13848: 13624:. Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from 13619: 13579: 13548: 13484: 13157:. Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from 12450: 12423: 12397:Mackenzie, Gavin (14 December 2010). 12240: 11603: 11217: 11147:"Why the Golden Age of JRPGs is Over" 11132: 11008:Andrew Vanden Bossche (19 May 2010). 10459: 10228: 10216: 10007:. Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from 9778: 8950: 7893: 7877:. Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from 7533:. Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from 6997: 6347:Tales of Vesperia: Definitive Edition 6206:Fist of the North Star: Lost Paradise 6020:'s best RPG combat systems, and then 5386:magazine. Other notable releases are 5151:for the PlayStation 2 (and later the 5070:and other subsequent titles (such as 3682:Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei II 3649:genre and was the first entry in the 2933:staple. It also featured pre-defined 2366:. These cut scenes also occasionally 2174:action RPG that combined beat 'em up 1786:soundtracks of all time, composed by 1761:series in 1987. Besides Falcom's own 592:Timeline of arcade video game history 16354:Video games developed in South Korea 15542: 15488: 15450:Schreier, Jason (25 December 2017). 15354:. Pcauthority.com.au. Archived from 15350:Pinnell, James (11 September 2014). 15088: 14984:Grayson, Nathan (15 February 2011). 14707:"Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor" 14321: 14173: 14113: 14004:Schneider, Peer (25 November 1998). 13726: 13182:"RPGFan Reviews – Seiken Densetsu 3" 13152: 13001: 12640: 12554:"Top 100 RPGs of All Time – IGN.com" 12532:Square Co., Ltd. (11 October 1994). 12157: 12108: 12043:"RPGFan Reviews – Glory of Heracles" 12040: 12015:Sullivan, Meghan (11 October 2005). 11935:"Gaming's most important evolutions" 11813: 11406:. Na.square-enix.com. Archived from 9926: 9231:"Gaming's most important evolutions" 8976: 7550:"The Making Of... Japan's First RPG" 7465: 6418:Video games developed in South Korea 6264:Radiant Historia: Perfect Chronology 6224:The World Ends with You: Final Remix 5935:set sales records around the world. 5810:Ni no Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch 5106:Conditional Turn-Based Battle System 5073:Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII 4922:The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 4787:In 1999, the cinematic trend set by 4781:The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3719:. That year also saw the release of 3058:was an action RPG that combined the 2875:were particularly notable for their 2609:, the first video game to feature a 2578:computer in 1983, was ported to the 2073:action game series. The gameplay of 1554:, the earliest known RPG to feature 853:Japanese computer role-playing games 847:Tabletop role-playing games in Japan 825:, many video games have also arisen 745:History of single-player video games 125: 78: 37: 15929:Custer, Charlie (24 January 2010). 15280:Parish, Jeremy (21 December 2016). 14918:Parish, Jeremy (11 November 2010). 14864: 14659:"The World Ends With You UK Review" 14455: 14204: 14032:"Good Idea/Bad Idea: Level Scaling" 14030:Kelfonne, Shawn (8 February 2008). 13785:Zimmerman, Conrad (20 March 2009). 13551:"Final Fantasy VII Advent Children" 12700: 12428:. Thunderbolt Games. Archived from 12243:"RPGFan Reviews – Romancing SaGa 3" 11514: 11145:Winterhalter, Ryan (18 July 2011). 10907:Aihoshi, Richard (8 January 2008). 10554: 10462:"No experience, levelling in FFXIV" 10429:Francesca Reyes (4 November 1999). 9721:Parish, Jeremy (12 December 2006). 9405: 9372: 8579:Szczepaniak, John (11 April 2009). 8112:"Dru Hill: The Chronicle of Druaga" 6294:Monster Hunter Generations Ultimate 5701:On handhelds, the 2010 Atlus title 5279:was released, which solidified the 5223:action gameplay that made use of a 4370:is frequently listed as one of the 2535:Japanese console role-playing games 2149:Dragon Slayer: The Legend of Heroes 1543:Golden Age (late 1980s–early 1990s) 735:History of real-time strategy games 24: 16186:Vestal, Andrew (2 November 1998). 16159:Vestal, Andrew (2 November 1998). 16061: 16009: 14081:Jennifer Tsao (20 February 2008). 13295: 12741:from the original on 18 March 2015 12462: 12210: 11959: 11875:. No. 168. pp. 215–216 . 11759: 11542:Kasavin, Greg (12 December 2005). 11250:Kaiser, Rowan (16 February 2012). 10952:from the original on 30 March 2019 10876:Harris, Stephen (15 August 2001). 10729: 10288: 10231:, p. "Final Fantasy" (Part 2) 10176:. 29 December 2009. Archived from 10170:"Ranking the Final Fantasy Series" 10002: 9927:John, McCarroll (20 August 2002). 9691: 9662: 9483:. Algora Publishing. p. 201. 9443: 8824: 8722: 8622:"So What the Heck is Silver Ghost" 8581:"Hardcore Gaming 101: Exile / XZR" 8128: 8029:Harris, John (26 September 2007). 7966: 7941:"【リリース】プロジェクトEGGから3月25日に「ウィバーン」発売" 7875:"Hardcore Gaming 101: Psychic War" 7528: 7393: 7218:"What Happened to the Action RPG?" 7069:Pesimo, Rudyard Contretas (2007). 6648:Video games developed in Hong Kong 5565:Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor 4730:references to the philosophies of 4666:s sales and the ascendance of the 4528:combined tactical RPG combat with 4141:subgenre with its introduction of 4064:, alongside an emphasis on varied 3743:games) and introduced the hybrid " 3694:Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind 3424:was one of the first games to use 3264:Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind 2894:Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei 2689:hundreds of hours of rote fighting 2558:The earliest RPG on a console was 2194:that revolved around the theme of 1608:Another 1986 release was Falcom's 949:(640x400) in order to accommodate 773:List of video games in development 750:History of multiplayer video games 612:History of personal computer games 25: 16375: 16292: 16278:"Game Design Essentials: 20 RPGs" 16091:Barton, Matt (23 February 2007). 16069:Barton, Matt (23 February 2007). 16038:Chapple, Craig (6 October 2020). 15956:Fenlon, Wes (28 September 2020). 15833:Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). 15804:Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). 15777:Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). 15748:Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). 15602:. 31 January 2019. Archived from 15409:Gilyadov, Alex (2 October 2017). 15146:Karmali, Luke (5 February 2014). 14892:Castle, Matthew (16 March 2010). 14634:James, Newton (30 January 2011). 14376:Vestal, Andrew (6 January 2000). 14207:"RPGFan Reviews – Legend of Mana" 14145:"RPGFan Reviews – Legend of Mana" 14114:Mike, Sharkey (10 January 2011). 13973:Coleman, Matt (25 October 2011). 13907:DeVries, Jack (16 January 2009). 13322:. GameObserver.com. 8 August 2008 13268: 13070:"Japan Votes on All Time Top 100" 12818:"Preview: Shining the Holy Ark". 12465:"Hardcore Gaming 101 – Puyo Puyo" 12352:"RPGFan Reviews – Secret of Mana" 12322:Dutton, Fred (17 December 2010). 12041:Gann, Patrick (6 February 2010). 11787:Ciolek, Todd (17 December 2007). 11544:"Final Fantasy IV Advance Review" 11010:"Design Diversions: Memento Mori" 10944:Kalata, Kurt (13 December 2009). 10849:Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). 10820:Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). 10790:Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). 10761:Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). 10258:"In Defense of Final Fantasy XII" 10106:Mike Whalen, Giancarlo Varanini. 9335:Jeremy Parish (27 October 2005). 8661:Behind The Scenes – Shining Force 8553:'Might Have Been' – Telenet Japan 8242:Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). 8213:Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). 7300:Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). 7271:Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). 6972: 6325:Final Fantasy XIV: Shadowbringers 6089:Final Fantasy XII: The Zodiac Age 5950:Shin Megami Tensei IV: Apocalypse 5380:game to get a perfect score from 5303:. Other notable releases include 5255:Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories 4681:Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within 4652:continues to be listed among the 3441:was also one of the first to use 2978:on the corner of the screen. The 1087:Seduction of the Condominium Wife 972:) or American PC platforms (like 53:This article has multiple issues. 16134: 16112: 16090: 16068: 15977: 15949: 15931:"Chinese Video Games in America" 15902: 15893: 15872:David M. Ewalt (2 August 2006). 15865: 15853: 15797: 15714: 15692: 15666: 15641: 15618: 15588: 15562: 15536: 15510: 15482: 15464: 15443: 15417: 15402: 15370: 15343: 15331:Webster, Andrew (30 June 2017). 15221: 15199: 15177: 15154: 15139: 15124: 15110: 15089:Matt, Peckham (16 August 2013). 15082: 15056: 15010:Tom Goldman (24 November 2010). 15003: 14977: 14944: 14885: 14858: 14838:Aaron Clegg (15 February 2010). 14803: 14780: 14755: 14729: 14699: 14676: 14650: 14627: 14607:David, Chen (14 December 2005). 14600: 14573: 14557:. 28 August 2007. Archived from 14517: 14489:Parish, Jeremy (February 2010). 14449: 14423: 14404:Zdyrko, David (15 August 2000). 14369: 14342: 14315: 14289: 14263:Tokyo Drifter (3 October 2000). 14256: 14225: 14198: 14176:"RPGFan Reviews – Sword of Mana" 14174:Gann, Patrick (25 August 2004). 14167: 14107: 14074: 14058:Cullinane, James (11 May 2009). 14051: 14023: 13931: 13842: 13778: 13747: 13720: 13694: 13667: 13649:"RPGFan Reviews – SaGa Frontier" 13640: 13613: 13607: 13601: 13573: 13542: 13536: 13530: 13502: 13496: 13490: 13478: 13472: 13457: 13451: 13445: 13360: 13334: 13312: 13289: 13262: 13200: 13173: 13146: 13125:Kalata, Kurt (4 February 2008). 13118: 13068:Campbell, Colin (3 March 2006). 13037:"The Greatest Games of All Time" 12995: 12964: 12932: 12903: 12881: 12855: 12804:. November 1995. pp. 107–8. 12798:Maximum: The Video Game Magazine 12789: 12661: 12611: 12593: 12578: 12560: 12546: 12525: 12505: 12479: 12456: 12444: 12417: 12343: 12275: 12204: 12178: 12151: 12102: 12079: 12061: 12034: 11980: 11953: 11927: 11901: 11879: 11862: 11833: 11807: 11753: 11717: 11639: 11609: 11568: 11535: 11508: 11490: 11472:"Console vs Handheld: Crystalis" 11464: 11437: 11422: 11396: 11370:Reeves, Ben (14 February 2011). 11363: 11341:Kalata, Kurt (4 February 2008). 11334: 11282: 11276: 11270: 11224:, no. 76, pp. 83–84 , 11138: 11126: 11060:Parish, Jeremy (29 April 2008). 11053: 11028: 11001: 10971:Parish, Jeremy (28 April 2009). 10964: 10937: 10900: 10869: 10723: 10697: 10689:Harrison, Thomas Nowlin (2006). 10682: 10657: 10619: 10453: 10422: 10342: 10311: 10282: 10234: 10222: 10210: 10192: 10162: 10132: 10099: 10074: 10038: 9996: 9947: 9920: 9887: 9825: 9772: 9747: 9714: 9656: 9626: 9576: 9546: 9504: 9035:"Recettear: An Item Shop's Tale" 8775:. Hardcore Gaming 101. p. 3 8562:, GameSetWatch, 17 December 2007 7790:. Hardcore Gaming 101. p. 3 7643:Jeremy Parish (18 August 2009). 7466:Doke, Shunal (3 November 2015). 6687:based on the popular historical 6571: 6371:Persona Q2: New Cinema Labyrinth 5182:Shin Megami Tensei III: Nocturne 4372:greatest video games of all time 4277:console port of the 1991 PC RPG 3823:, open-ended, post-apocalyptic, 3357:for the NES introduced a modern 2944:magazine in 1988 predicted that 2699:in dungeons, in contrast to the 1628:simplified the RPG mechanics of 652:History of virtual reality games 587:Golden age of arcade video games 435: 217: 130: 83: 42: 16359:Video games developed in Taiwan 16299:Roschin, Oleg (26 March 2006). 16275: 15814:(111): 152–159 . Archived from 15758:(111): 152–159 . Archived from 15131:Pereira, Chris (29 July 2014). 14951:North, Dale (2 February 2002). 14867:"Infinite Space – Staff Review" 14657:McCarthy, Dave (8 April 2008). 14378:"GameSpot: Chrono Cross Review" 14322:Main, Brendan (13 April 2010). 13647:Gann, Patrick (24 March 1998). 13344:. RPGamer. 2010. Archived from 13002:Cork, Jeff (16 November 2009). 12893:South San Francisco, California 12641:Lada, Jenni (1 February 2008). 11908:Glasser, AJ (9 February 2009). 11443: 10830:(111): 152–159 . Archived from 10771:(111): 152–159 . Archived from 10691:The Sweet Home of Resident Evil 10595:"RPG Pillars: Phantasy Star II" 9785:, no. 76, pp. 83–84, 9620: 9399: 9297: 9269: 9249: 9206: 9186: 9150: 9130: 9102: 9082: 9054: 9027: 8970: 8951:Fahey, Mike (31 October 2011). 8944: 8916: 8851:Jeremy Parish (18 March 2006). 8818: 8794: 8764: 8747: 8701: 8671: 8636: 8620:Kurt Kalata (4 February 2010). 8595: 8546: 8515: 8489: 8456: 8376: 8311: 8288: 8262: 8223:(111): 152–159 . Archived from 8169: 8122: 8104: 8086: 7866: 7844: 7811: 7748: 7717: 7684: 7678: 7636: 7541: 7506: 7459: 7281:(111): 152–159 . Archived from 7242: 7196: 7164: 7144: 7117: 7091: 7039: 6918:History of Japanese Video Games 6644:Video games developed in Taiwan 6551:Nexus: The Kingdom of the Winds 6406:South Korean role-playing games 6176:Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom 5727:Saigo no Yakusoku no Monogatari 5572:gameplay along with non-linear 5366:was released. It was the first 5285:series as the new JRPG series. 5216:Boktai: The Sun Is in Your Hand 4687:Later in 1997, Square released 3347:series started doing the same. 3331:scenario by instead presenting 2709:The Portopia Serial Murder Case 2676:The Portopia Serial Murder Case 1857:Shiryou Sensen: War of the Dead 1682:Dragon Slayer IV: Drasle Family 1676:save system in an arcade game. 1396:s success led to a 1985 sequel 97:may be too short to adequately 61:or discuss these issues on the 16349:Video games developed in Japan 16344:Video games developed in China 16243: 16188:"The History of Final Fantasy" 16113:Barton, Matt (11 April 2007). 16010:Ye, Josh (30 September 2020). 14458:"15 Games Ahead of Their Time" 14353:. GameSetWatch. Archived from 14326:. The Escapist. Archived from 13676:"SaGa Frontier – Staff Review" 13580:Kraus, Alex (29 August 2006). 13155:"Hardcore Gaming 101: Quintet" 12948:. 29 June 2009. Archived from 12729:Ciolek, Todd (16 March 2015). 12541:You like art? No? Philistines! 12486:IGN staff (18 February 1997). 12424:Karge, Anthony (27 May 2005). 11814:Chan, Leo (10 December 2009). 11791:. GameSetWatch. Archived from 11012:. GameSetWatch. Archived from 10593:Kaiser, Rowan (22 July 2011). 10366:Jeremy Dunham (26 July 2007). 9276:Kalata, Kurt (19 March 2008). 8923:English, Fox (25 March 2011). 8342:Shiryō Sensen: War of the Dead 8269:Kalata, Kurt (February 2014). 7993:Gifford, Kevin (3 June 2010). 7498:Kalata, Kurt; Greene, Robert. 6966: 6948: 6910: 6874: 6833: 6426: 6337:Monster Hunter World: Iceborne 6273:. Other notable games include 5615:non-linear branching narrative 5324:Romancing SaGa -Minstrel Song- 5267:Fire Emblem: The Sacred Stones 5185:, the third main entry in the 5142:games offer multiple endings. 4945: 4800:The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion 4232:design and subversive themes. 3595: 3541:featured elements of both the 3210:is considered "the first true 2711:, but this time introducing a 2574:, originally released for the 2502:, as well as ports of several 2400:games, a large group of young 2246:, while turn-based, abandoned 1709:" platform-adventures, making 1503:Genesis: Beyond The Revelation 1202:lost with each normal action. 1070:, the game transitions from a 489:History of video game consoles 107:provide an accessible overview 13: 1: 16298: 16161:"The History of Console RPGs" 15209:. Whatculture.com. 4 May 2016 15187:. Geektyrant.com. 9 July 2015 14810:Keith Stuart (4 March 2011). 14683:Spencer (23 September 2008). 14232:Andrew Vestal (7 June 2000). 14060:"Review: Dragon Age: Origins" 13549:Smith, David (October 2003). 13271:"RPGFan Reviews – Star Ocean" 13127:"The History of Dragon Quest" 13072:. Edge online. Archived from 12910:Kurt Kalata (19 March 2008). 12843:"Epic Center: Chrono Trigger" 12731:"The History of FromSoftware" 11429:Square Enix Co., ed. (1999). 11343:"The History of Dragon Quest" 10291:"The History of Dragon Quest" 10256:Rogers, Tim (27 March 2006). 9869:"Time Machine: Phantasy Star" 9694:"The History of Dragon Quest" 9665:"The History of Dragon Quest" 9583:Bailey, Kat (February 2010). 9446:"The History of Dragon Quest" 9337:"Solid Gold: The Best of NES" 9304:Doucet, Lars (9 March 2011). 9013:Fenlon, Wes (10 April 2017). 8605:, Neoseeker, 10 December 2009 8297:"Interview with Yuzo Koshiro" 7421:. 18 May 2010. Archived from 6855:Maher, Jimmy (25 June 2014). 6785: 6586:, produced by Korean company 6477:, a video game adaptation of 6353:Final Fantasy VIII Remastered 6125:Final Fantasy XIV: Stormblood 5482:Disgaea 3: Absence of Justice 5408:Relative decline (late 2000s) 5401:.hack//G.U. vol.3//Redemption 5288:Fire Emblem: Path of Radiance 4981:series and some of the later 4882:, any couples (both romantic 4843:, the most open-ended in the 4513: 4137:series, further advanced the 3662:Bandit Kings of Ancient China 3496:Hydlide II: Shine of Darkness 3490:Hydlide 3: The Space Memories 3169:series remain popular today, 3055:Castlevania II: Simon's Quest 1805:Hydlide 3: The Space Memories 1755:of its popular, long-running 1473:Hydlide II: Shine of Darkness 1300:that is considered the first 582:History of arcade video games 548:9th generation (2020–present) 543:8th generation (2012–present) 291:Social interaction in MMORPGs 16276:Harris, John (2 July 2009). 15984:Romano, Sal (22 July 2020). 15933:. ChinaGeeks. Archived from 15543:Kent, Emma (3 August 2018). 15489:Kerr, Chris (5 March 2018). 13787:"An RPG Draws Near! Alundra" 13367:Jeremy Parish (8 May 2009). 13216:. 9 May 2004. Archived from 13208:"Reviews: Seiken Densetsu 3" 12645:. Gamer Tell. Archived from 12488:"Square, The Final Frontier" 12086:darkfact (10 January 2005). 11606:, p. "Final Fantasy IV" 10351:, p. "Dragon Quest III" 7701:. p. 13. Archived from 6894:. March 2012. Archived from 6530:Ys II: Castle in the Heavens 6230:The Last Remnant: Remastered 6167:spin-off sandbox action RPG 5666:" petitioned the release of 5198: 5163:genre to consoles. In 2003, 4874:, each of the characters in 4866:Star Ocean: The Second Story 4122: 3669:genres, building on its own 3560:Golden Age (1990s–mid-2000s) 3195:games were also non-linear, 2770:have balanced the gameplay. 2456:Steam and resurgence (2010s) 1529:, which introduced an early 1114:In June 1983, Koei released 1109: 464:Early history of video games 7: 15700:"Fire Emblem: Three Houses" 15161:Matthew Byrd (2 May 2016). 14525:"Vagrant Story – Retroview" 14501:. p. 2. Archived from 14466:. p. 2. Archived from 13975:"A History of Console RPGs" 13876:Fahey, Mike (25 May 2010). 13701:Boor, Jay (26 March 1998). 13622:"Hardcore Gaming 101: SaGa" 13608:Loguidice & Barton 2009 13537:Loguidice & Barton 2009 13497:Loguidice & Barton 2009 13473:Loguidice & Barton 2009 13458:Loguidice & Barton 2009 13446:Loguidice & Barton 2009 12889:Nintendo Power 250th issue! 12763:Kaiser, Joe (8 July 2005). 12607:65, page 103. October 1994. 11640:Loguidice & Barton 2009 11331:, p. "Dragon Quest IV" 11299:, pp. xxiv & xxv, 10460:Welsh, Oli (8 April 2009). 9554:"15 Most Influential Games" 8499:. Cyberhead. Archived from 7691:John Harris (2 July 2009). 7548:Edge Staff (6 March 2008). 6753: 6412:Video gaming in South Korea 5845:The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim 5645:found a home on Nintendo's 5554:RPG gameplay incorporating 4999:seventh-generation consoles 4837:with their 1999 action RPG 4830:The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim 4374:. That same year, Square's 4287:'s first video game title, 4194:computer RPG ported to the 3161:series. In particular, the 2679:. Horii's intention behind 2663:, the overhead movement in 2380:began, owing to simplistic 1838:Cosmic Soldier: Psychic War 1636:more like a side-scrolling 1582:robot, switching between a 1417:morality system, where the 1378:best-selling computer games 1209:Screenshot of the original 1190:the player could attack or 1171:systems, the game featured 964:to produce highly regarded 841:Japanese role-playing games 10: 16380: 15835:"History of Ys interviews" 15779:"History of Ys interviews" 15727:A History of Korean Gaming 14953:"Review: Radiant Historia" 14842:. N-Europe. Archived from 14609:"Retro/Active: Metal Gear" 14324:"Hooking Up in Hyperspace" 13729:"Granstream Saga – Review" 12826:Emap International Limited 12802:Emap International Limited 12574:65, page 27. October 1994. 12401:. NowGamer. Archived from 11517:"Reviews–Final Fantasy II" 10851:"History of Ys interviews" 10792:"History of Ys interviews" 10035:, p. "Other NES RPGs" 8977:Radd, David (9 May 2007). 8887:Damien (18 January 2010). 8299:. Square Enix Music Online 8244:"History of Ys interviews" 7820:"Before They Were Famouos" 7302:"History of Ys interviews" 7202:Sam Derboo (2 June 2013), 7101:. Legendra. Archived from 6685:tactical role-playing game 6637: 6415: 6409: 6196:Yakuza 6: The Song of Life 5899:Bandai Namco Entertainment 5603:tactical role-playing game 4568:Riviera: The Promised Land 4458:In 1996, the tactical RPG 3647:tactical role-playing game 3415:. Also in 1989, the early 3408:Jiraiya Goketsu Monogatari 3217:activity-based progression 3191:series, While the earlier 3062:mechanics of the original 3015:Wonder Boy in Monster Land 2584:tactical role-playing game 2545:Tactical role-playing game 2538: 2282: 2222:combined the first-person 1937:In 1988, Arsys Software's 1625:Dragon Slayer Jr: Romancia 1380:at the time and was voted 1335:series from 1987 onwards. 863:Tactical role-playing game 856: 844: 538:7th generation (2005–2017) 533:6th generation (1998–2013) 528:5th generation (1993–2005) 523:4th generation (1987–2004) 518:3rd generation (1983–2003) 506:2nd generation (1976–1992) 501:1st generation (1972–1983) 28: 16301:"The World of Asian RPGs" 15452:"The Year In JRPGs, 2017" 14869:. RPGamer. Archived from 14584:. RPGamer. Archived from 14527:. RPGamer. Archived from 14234:"Legend of Mana (review)" 13731:. RPGamer. Archived from 13678:. RPGamer. Archived from 13102:. RPGamer. Archived from 12215:. RPGamer. Archived from 11964:. RPGamer. Archived from 11764:. RPGamer. Archived from 11762:"Metal Saga – Impression" 11615: 11474:. 1up.com. Archived from 11254:. Joystiq. Archived from 11093:PSM3 UK (16 March 2010). 10524:Electronic Gaming Monthly 10368:"Final Fantasy II Review" 10243:, p. "Final Fantasy" 10219:, p. "Final Fantasy" 9901:Electronic Gaming Monthly 9873:ComputerAndVideoGames.com 9520:At the time I first made 9512:Nintendo Power volume 221 9219:Killer List of Videogames 8760:Killer List of Videogames 8082:Killer List of Videogames 7512:John Szczepaniak (2016), 7248:John Szczepaniak (2016), 6717:The Incorruptible Warrior 6451:action role-playing games 6331:Fire Emblem: Three Houses 6319:Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice 6218:Shining Resonance Refrain 5838:Paper Mario: Sticker Star 5613:elements, and features a 5550:(2008) introduced unique 5536:(2007) featured a unique 5037:best-selling game console 5035:, which would become the 4713:1997 spiritual successor 3039:The Magic of Scheherazade 2970:RPG that featured a wide 2595:action role-playing games 2426:(1995 onwards) and later 2382:software development kits 2104:Camelot Software Planning 1963:awards from the Japanese 1640:. Square's 1986 release, 1614:, an early example of an 1508:The Earth Fighter Rayieza 1441:and John Szczepaniak (of 1249:action role-playing games 16364:Video games in East Asia 16339:Role-playing video games 16017:South China Morning Post 14265:"Parasite Eve II review" 14209:. RPGFan. Archived from 13853:. RPGFan. Archived from 13651:. RPGFan. Archived from 13273:. RPGFan. Archived from 13184:. RPGFan. Archived from 12973:"The Top 100 Games Ever" 12354:. RPGFan. Archived from 12245:. RPGFan. Archived from 12188:. RPGFan. Archived from 12162:. RPGFan. Archived from 12045:. RPGFan. Archived from 11519:. RPGFan. Archived from 10406:. RPGFan. Archived from 10263:Next Generation Magazine 10065:The Legend of Wonder Boy 9931:. RPGFan. Archived from 9543:, p. "Dragon Quest" 9518:. 2007. pp. 78–80. 7756:"The Screamer Fiche RPG" 7327:Kamada Shigeaki (2007). 7125:"Danchi-zuma no Yuuwaku" 6737:action role-playing game 5518:, however, particularly 5348:Final Fantasy IV Advance 4589:(1997), with its use of 4536:elements, introducing a 3627:introduced the classic " 3515:The Final Fantasy Legend 3173:more so in the West and 2687:experience, nor require 2541:Action role-playing game 2480:series on PC as well as 2297:computer format, as the 2160:combat system. In 1990, 2130:action role-playing game 1982:was later ported to the 1399:Dragon Slayer II: Xanadu 1302:action role-playing game 1224:action role-playing game 895:has long been viewed as 859:Action role-playing game 831:developed in South Korea 815:role-playing video games 511:Video game crash of 1983 211:Role-playing video games 15721:Derboo (13 July 2010). 14787:Spencer (27 May 2009). 13754:Webber (2 March 1998). 12828:. May 1997. p. 33. 12213:"The 7th Saga – Review" 12017:"Romancing SaGa Review" 11043:16 January 2012 at the 10948:. Hardcore Gaming 101. 9257:"Dragon Buster for NES" 8464:"Star Cruiser (X68000)" 8324:14 January 2010 at the 7587:"Xanadu Next home page" 7099:"Danchizuma no Yuuwaku" 6861:The Digital Antiquarian 6387:Dragon Quest Builders 2 6340:. Square Enix released 6185:sold 10 million units. 5756:, a crossover with the 5684:debuting at the top of 5621:Aftermath (early 2010s) 5533:The World Ends with You 5342:Pokémon Mystery Dungeon 5299:, was released for the 4273:saw the release of the 4143:cooperative multiplayer 3777:" system, developed by 3754:Final Fantasy Adventure 3550:brawler reminiscent of 3449:went on to receive the 2205:E.V.O.: Search for Eden 1965:computer game magazines 1889:side-view battles like 1865:Victor Music Industries 1769:was also influenced by 1570:for Western release by 1566:in Japan and ported to 1463:was also influenced by 1056:The Dragon and Princess 1030:Underground Exploration 730:History of online games 672:History of cloud gaming 632:History of mobile games 444:Part of a series on the 321:History of Western RPGs 311:History of Eastern RPGs 16334:History of video games 15806:"Falcom: Legacy of Ys" 15750:"Falcom: Legacy of Ys" 14580:Koehler, Paul (2001). 14491:"Phantasy Star Online" 14431:"Chrono Cross Endings" 13703:"Saga Frontier Review" 12112:Lunar: The Silver Star 12109:Skid (December 1993). 10822:"Falcom: Legacy of Ys" 10763:"Falcom: Legacy of Ys" 10732:"Tengai Makyou: Ziria" 10051:7 January 2010 at the 9956:"Video Games Are Back" 9818:Wizards & Warriors 9560:. 2005. Archived from 8215:"Falcom: Legacy of Ys" 7852:"Chikyuu Senshi Raīza" 7502:. Hardcore Gaming 101. 7398:. Hardcore Gaming 101. 7273:"Falcom: Legacy of Ys" 7216:Jeremy Parish (2012). 6857:"Of Wizards and Bards" 6212:Dark Souls: Remastered 6107:Dragon Quest Heroes II 6051:Xenoblade Chronicles 2 5974:World of Final Fantasy 5825:and the PC version of 5748:direct numbered sequel 5516:Handheld game consoles 5173:, though with a more " 4654:best games of all time 4598: 4102:Lunar: The Silver Star 3748: 3302: 2887:Evolution (late 1980s) 2849:American computer RPGs 2844:Wizards & Warriors 2634: 2340:side-scrolling shooter 2057:XZR: Idols of Apostate 2031:War of the Dead Part 2 1953:six degrees of freedom 1949:space flight simulator 1934: 1697:. It also featured an 1226: 1194:with, and the need to 1050:setting with a modern 982:series (translated by 888: 450:History of video games 16213:Barton, Matt (2008). 15729:. Hardcore Gaming 101 15522:PlayStation LifeStyle 15476:PlayStation LifeStyle 14406:"Chrono Cross Review" 13300:. Hardcore Gaming 101 13098:Cunningham, Michael. 12701:Sho (2 August 2007). 12467:. Hardcore Gaming 101 12068:20 Open World Games: 11991:. Hardcore Gaming 101 11886:Kalata, Kurt (2007). 11872:Computer Gaming World 11840:Meyers, Andy (2006). 11617:US patent 5390937 11461:, p. "Crystalis" 11236:Defender of the Crown 11221:Computer Gaming World 10878:"Ys Books I & II" 10635:. Vol. 246–249. 10055:, Hardcore Gaming 101 9836:. Hardcore Gaming 101 9782:Computer Gaming World 8829:. Hardcore Gaming 101 8624:. Hardcore Gaming 101 8583:. Hardcore Gaming 101 8347:23 April 2019 at the 8328:, Hardcore Gaming 101 8098:gamefaqs.gamespot.com 8063:, Hardcore Gaming 101 7911:. Hardcore Gaming 101 7206:, Hardcore Gaming 101 7172:"Sword & Sorcery" 7051:hardcoregaming101.net 6975:"Oh!FM-7：スパイ大作戦（ポニカ）" 6960:hardcoregaming101.net 6842:Computer Gaming World 6812:. Hardcore Gaming 101 6288:Valkyria Chronicles 4 6173:debuted in the west. 6170:Dragon Quest Builders 6140:Monster Hunter: World 5968:Dragon Quest Builders 5863:Fire Emblem Awakening 5780:Fire Emblem Awakening 5512:'s Game of the Year. 4583: 4473:'s sci-fi action RPG 4327:was a predecessor to 3731: 3667:management simulation 3504:improvements such as 3287: 3002:, and the release of 2960:. Another 1987 title 2619: 2384:such as the Japanese 2317:and complex military 2307:IBM Personal Computer 2188:biological simulation 2180:isometric perspective 2027:non-player characters 1915: 1867:, was the first true 1643:Cruise Chaser Blassty 1638:action-adventure game 1556:3D polygonal graphics 1531:dialogue conversation 1370:Bullet-Proof Software 1208: 1188:non-player characters 1062:in 1982; it featured 1058:(ドラゴン＆プリンセス) for the 879: 872:Origins (early 1980s) 469:Early mainframe games 14357:on 24 September 2010 14277:on 27 September 2008 12821:Sega Saturn Magazine 12556:– via ign.com. 10531:on 29 September 2018 9908:on 23 September 2013 8683:Kure Software Koubou 8558:11 July 2011 at the 8077:The Return of Ishtar 7995:"Xanadu Scenario II" 7449:"Hideo Kojima Tweet" 6683:(1996), a Taiwanese 6640:Video games in China 6618:(NCsoft's sequel to 6558:. Song's next game, 6433:Sin'geom-ui Jeonseol 6191:Ryu ga Gotoku Stadio 6034:The Game Awards 2017 5932:Pokémon Sun and Moon 5786:Shin Megami Tensei 4 5768:Xenoblade Chronicles 5628:Xenoblade Chronicles 5589:role-playing shooter 5579:PlayStation Portable 4995:Phantasy Star Online 4953:Phantasy Star Online 4603:3D computer graphics 4502:social network games 4241:moved away from the 4169:battle system, the " 4133:, the second in the 4062:isometric platformer 4048:Climax Entertainment 4021:Heracles no Eikō III 3471:cooperative gameplay 3439:English localization 2987:Legacy of the Wizard 2645:began production on 2549:Video games in Japan 2515:market, behind only 2345:Assault Suits Valken 2311:Microsoft Windows 95 2200:46 Okunen Monogatari 2096:Kure Software Koubou 1945:first-person shooter 1927:first-person shooter 1923:role-playing shooter 1851:. Also in 1987, the 1812:in 1987 and for the 1687:Legacy of the Wizard 1666:cooperative gameplay 1661:The Return of Ishtar 1083:Danchizuma no Yuwaku 867:Video games in Japan 326:Non-player character 141:factual accuracy is 16252:McGraw-Hill/Osborne 15839:Hardcore Gaming 101 15783:Hardcore Gaming 101 15390:on 26 February 2018 15313:. 27 December 2016. 15052:. 16 December 2011. 14932:on 10 December 2012 14873:on 19 November 2011 14244:on 12 December 2008 13919:on 28 February 2009 13766:on 14 December 2011 13247:(8), archived from 13245:GameSpite Quarterly 13016:on 19 November 2009 12899:. 2010. p. 46. 12669:"Dragon Knight III" 11404:"Final Fantasy III" 11384:on 17 February 2011 10855:Hardcore Gaming 101 10796:Hardcore Gaming 101 10736:Hardcore Gaming 101 10637:Nintendo of America 9597:on 6 September 2012 9306:"Rebooting the RPG" 8925:"The RPG Conundrum" 8735:on 2 September 2011 8729:Hardcore Gaming 101 8497:"Corporate profile" 8275:Hardcore Gaming 101 8248:Hardcore Gaming 101 8135:Hardcore Gaming 101 7973:Hardcore Gaming 101 7818:Szczepaniak, John. 7306:Hardcore Gaming 101 6985:on 16 November 2020 6475:Mirae Sonyeon Conan 6453:, one of which was 6439:, released for the 6437:Legend of the Sword 6077:Valkyria Revolution 5759:Nobunaga's Ambition 5731:Final Promise Story 5660:Nintendo of America 5488:Valkyria Chronicles 5293:Intelligent Systems 5212:handheld video game 5128:Lovecraftian horror 4894:'s 2007 sci-fi RPG 4812:Dragon Age: Origins 4740:Friedrich Nietzsche 4701:The Granstream Saga 4635:dozens of minigames 4510:in the late 2000s. 4395:role-playing games 3783:time-keeping system 3757:, the first in the 3712:The Legend of Zelda 3672:Nobunaga's Ambition 3518:, the first in the 3510:The Legend of Zelda 3499:where the player's 3386:Tengai Makyo: Ziria 3133:films, such as the 2600:The Tower of Druaga 2554:Origins (mid-1980s) 2493:Valkyria Chronicles 2138:strategy video game 2124:, but instead used 2098:. It was an action- 1957:video game industry 1841:featured a unique " 1829:The Legend of Zelda 1808:, released for the 1749:episodic video game 1656:The Tower of Druaga 1356:The Legend of Zelda 1337:The Tower of Druaga 1329:health regeneration 1232:The Tower of Druaga 1116:Sword & Sorcery 1043:Mission: Impossible 984:ASCII Entertainment 947:display resolutions 893:video game industry 205:Part of a series on 15937:on 20 January 2016 15918:. 12 October 2020. 15358:on 26 October 2017 15288:on 6 December 2018 15120:. 27 January 2011. 15070:. 16 December 2011 15049:Anime News Network 14965:on 5 February 2011 14638:. NintendoLife.com 14615:on 10 January 2013 14588:on 18 October 2012 14531:on 15 January 2013 14505:on 20 October 2012 14155:on 17 October 2015 14083:"Preview: Fable 2" 14062:. GAMEPLANET.CO.NZ 13985:on 27 October 2011 13799:on 4 November 2011 13220:on 19 October 2012 13076:on 10 January 2012 12971:IGN staff (2006). 12777:on 28 October 2005 12765:"Unsung Inventors" 12621:. 26 October 2014. 12521:. 29 January 2018. 12358:on 1 November 2013 12166:on 6 December 2018 12119:on 26 January 2005 12049:on 6 December 2018 11848:. pp. 14–15. 11258:on 28 January 2015 11159:on 11 October 2011 11035:Game of The Week: 10946:"Dungeon Explorer" 10925:on 6 December 2008 10834:on 9 December 2012 10775:on 14 January 2013 10660:"GOTW: Sweet Home" 10639:. 2009. p. 21 10627:"Phantasy Star II" 10330:on 18 October 2012 10270:on 7 February 2012 10071:, 14 November 2008 9988:has generic name ( 9735:on 19 October 2012 9406:Cassidy, William. 9349:on 19 October 2012 8814:on 1 January 2014. 8771:John Szczepaniak. 8503:on 24 October 2001 8452:on 1 January 2014. 8369:John Szczepaniak, 8355:, 10 November 2009 8227:on 14 January 2013 8187:on 3 December 2013 8005:on 16 October 2020 7907:John Szczepaniak. 7881:on 14 January 2010 7830:Imagine Publishing 7786:John Szczepaniak. 7731:. 26 December 2006 7705:on 12 October 2011 7560:on 25 January 2012 7285:on 9 December 2012 7230:on 12 January 2015 6944:. 10 October 2016. 6916:John Szczepaniak, 6808:John Szczepaniak. 6732:(2020), a Chinese 6680:Heroes of Jin Yong 6463:IBM PC compatibles 6313:Kingdom Hearts III 6258:The Alliance Alive 6248:Shenmue I & II 6242:Dragon's Crown Pro 5664:Operation Rainfall 5607:real-time strategy 5520:Nintendo handhelds 5330:Tales of the Abyss 5188:Shin Megami Tensei 5009:pausable real-time 5001:. That same year, 4794:Final Fantasy VIII 4744:monster-collecting 4723:In 1998, Square's 4599: 4453:Final Fantasy VIII 4383:Final Fantasy VIII 4360:nonlinear gameplay 4352:In 1995, Square's 4167:pausable real-time 4127:In 1993, Square's 4117:Final Fantasy VIII 3955:Shin Megami Tensei 3948:also expanded the 3809:. That same year, 3785:does not stop. In 3775:Active Time Battle 3749: 3745:Active Time Battle 3524:Final Fantasy II's 3303: 3270:World Court Tennis 3267:. That same year, 3257:), and the iconic 3177:more so in Japan. 3137:being inspired by 3123:Hironobu Sakaguchi 3107:character creation 3105:for the NES had a 3008:, a side-story to 2877:permanent power-up 2722:damsel-in-distress 2635: 2338:that combined the 2208:. That same year, 2186:released a unique 2182:. That same year, 2126:real-time strategy 2019:. That same year, 1935: 1794:is second only to 1703:nonlinear gameplay 1670:dual-stick control 1611:Xanadu Scenario II 1270:Courageous Perseus 1227: 889: 575:Arcade video games 553:Impact of COVID-19 316:History of MMORPGs 296:Character creation 16311:on 16 August 2012 16229:978-1-56881-411-7 16152:978-0-240-81146-8 15630:, 5 February 2019 15606:on 7 October 2019 15524:. 7 November 2018 15478:. 14 August 2018. 15430:GamesIndustry.biz 14743:on 12 August 2011 14435:Chrono Compendium 14213:on 7 October 2011 14186:on 27 August 2004 13941:(Press release). 13857:on 17 August 2008 13735:on 16 August 2016 13561:on 15 August 2006 13153:DeRienzo, David. 12862:blackoak (1994). 12568:Final Fantasy III 12534:Final Fantasy III 12405:on 2 January 2011 12300:on 25 August 2012 12192:on 6 October 2012 11941:. 10 October 2010 11582:. 2 November 2007 11478:on 1 January 2013 11095:"Are JRPGs dead?" 11037:River City Ransom 10410:on 13 August 2011 10206:1989. p. 75. 10180:on 31 August 2011 9797:Might & Magic 9644:on 15 August 2011 9387:on 2 January 2013 9067:GamesIndustry.biz 8989:on 6 October 2008 8791:, Issue 67, 2009) 8648:kure.sakura.ne.jp 8523:"Last Armageddon" 8166:, 30 October 2010 8118:. 1 January 2013. 7927:, Issue 67, 2009) 7362:"Falcom Classics" 6673:Chinese mythology 6669:role-playing game 6657:role-playing game 6612:In October 2003, 6481:'s Japanese 1978 6455:Pungnyu Hyeopgaek 6160:Octopath Traveler 6071:Tales of Berseria 6061:Dragon Quest VIII 6018:eighth-generation 5962:Fire Emblem Fates 5875:Final Fantasy XIV 5476:Tales of Vesperia 5363:Final Fantasy XII 5336:Tales of Legendia 5295:and published by 5276:Kingdom Hearts II 5233:Dragon Quest VIII 5166:Final Fantasy X-2 5159:) introduced the 5079:Final Fantasy XII 5067:Final Fantasy X-2 4789:Final Fantasy VII 4764:, which featured 4676:Final Fantasy VII 4672:Final Fantasy VII 4661:Final Fantasy VII 4659:The explosion of 4650:Final Fantasy VII 4631:Final Fantasy VII 4620:Final Fantasy VII 4615:full-motion video 4586:Final Fantasy VII 4492:first installment 4443:Beyond the Beyond 4437:Seiken Densetsu 3 4434:, while Square's 4280:Knights of Xentar 4190:, a 1989 MSX and 4043:Glory of Heracles 4038:Final Fantasy VII 3633:character classes 3624:Final Fantasy III 3613:Final Fantasy XII 3538:River City Ransom 3483:port of the 1987 3389:released for the 3240:The Elder Scrolls 3234:Final Fantasy XIV 3140:Castle in the Sky 3115:player characters 3087:Cleopatra no Mahō 3070:experience points 3020:platform gameplay 2935:player characters 2907:sword and sorcery 2864:Might & Magic 2827:action-adventures 2701:first-person view 2434:player characters 2392:and style of the 2334:released for the 2248:random encounters 2176:fighting gameplay 2035:random encounters 1921:(1988), an early 1753:first installment 1487:shooter-based RPG 1219:(1984), an early 887:personal computer 811: 810: 605:Personal computer 430: 429: 200: 199: 192: 182: 181: 174: 124: 123: 76: 16:(Redirected from 16371: 16320: 16318: 16316: 16307:. Archived from 16287: 16272: 16270: 16268: 16240: 16238: 16236: 16221:A K Peters, Ltd. 16209: 16207: 16205: 16196:. Archived from 16182: 16180: 16178: 16173:on 2 August 2009 16169:. Archived from 16155: 16131: 16129: 16127: 16109: 16107: 16105: 16087: 16085: 16083: 16055: 16054: 16052: 16050: 16035: 16029: 16028: 16026: 16024: 16007: 16001: 16000: 15998: 15996: 15981: 15975: 15974: 15972: 15970: 15953: 15947: 15946: 15944: 15942: 15926: 15920: 15919: 15906: 15900: 15897: 15891: 15890: 15888: 15886: 15869: 15863: 15857: 15851: 15849: 15847: 15845: 15827: 15825: 15823: 15801: 15795: 15793: 15791: 15789: 15771: 15769: 15767: 15745: 15739: 15738: 15736: 15734: 15718: 15712: 15711: 15709: 15707: 15696: 15690: 15689: 15687: 15685: 15670: 15664: 15663: 15661: 15659: 15645: 15639: 15638: 15637: 15635: 15622: 15616: 15615: 15613: 15611: 15592: 15586: 15585: 15583: 15581: 15566: 15560: 15559: 15557: 15555: 15540: 15534: 15533: 15531: 15529: 15514: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15503: 15486: 15480: 15479: 15468: 15462: 15461: 15447: 15441: 15440: 15438: 15436: 15421: 15415: 15414: 15406: 15400: 15399: 15397: 15395: 15386:. Archived from 15374: 15368: 15367: 15365: 15363: 15347: 15341: 15340: 15328: 15315: 15314: 15307: 15298: 15297: 15295: 15293: 15284:. Archived from 15277: 15268: 15267: 15266:. 27 March 2017. 15256: 15245: 15244: 15242: 15240: 15225: 15219: 15218: 15216: 15214: 15203: 15197: 15196: 15194: 15192: 15181: 15175: 15174: 15172: 15170: 15158: 15152: 15151: 15143: 15137: 15136: 15128: 15122: 15121: 15114: 15108: 15107: 15105: 15103: 15086: 15080: 15079: 15077: 15075: 15060: 15054: 15053: 15040: 15034: 15033: 15031: 15029: 15020:. Archived from 15007: 15001: 15000: 14998: 14996: 14981: 14975: 14974: 14972: 14970: 14961:. Archived from 14948: 14942: 14941: 14939: 14937: 14928:. Archived from 14915: 14909: 14908: 14906: 14904: 14894:"Infinite Space" 14889: 14883: 14882: 14880: 14878: 14862: 14856: 14855: 14853: 14851: 14835: 14829: 14828: 14826: 14824: 14807: 14801: 14800: 14798: 14796: 14784: 14778: 14777: 14775: 14773: 14759: 14753: 14752: 14750: 14748: 14733: 14727: 14726: 14724: 14722: 14717:on 13 March 2009 14713:. Archived from 14703: 14697: 14696: 14694: 14692: 14680: 14674: 14673: 14671: 14669: 14654: 14648: 14647: 14645: 14643: 14631: 14625: 14624: 14622: 14620: 14611:. Archived from 14604: 14598: 14597: 14595: 14593: 14577: 14571: 14570: 14568: 14566: 14547: 14541: 14540: 14538: 14536: 14521: 14515: 14514: 14512: 14510: 14486: 14480: 14479: 14477: 14475: 14453: 14447: 14446: 14444: 14442: 14427: 14421: 14420: 14418: 14416: 14401: 14395: 14394: 14392: 14390: 14373: 14367: 14366: 14364: 14362: 14346: 14340: 14339: 14337: 14335: 14330:on 15 March 2012 14319: 14313: 14312: 14310: 14308: 14303:. 6 October 2004 14293: 14287: 14286: 14284: 14282: 14273:. Archived from 14260: 14254: 14253: 14251: 14249: 14240:. Archived from 14229: 14223: 14222: 14220: 14218: 14202: 14196: 14195: 14193: 14191: 14182:. Archived from 14171: 14165: 14164: 14162: 14160: 14151:. Archived from 14143:Sensei Phoenix. 14140: 14131: 14130: 14128: 14126: 14111: 14105: 14104: 14102: 14100: 14091:. Archived from 14078: 14072: 14071: 14069: 14067: 14055: 14049: 14048: 14046: 14044: 14027: 14021: 14020: 14018: 14016: 14001: 13995: 13994: 13992: 13990: 13981:. Archived from 13970: 13955: 13954: 13952: 13950: 13935: 13929: 13928: 13926: 13924: 13915:. Archived from 13904: 13898: 13897: 13895: 13893: 13884:. Archived from 13873: 13867: 13866: 13864: 13862: 13846: 13840: 13839: 13837: 13835: 13818: 13809: 13808: 13806: 13804: 13795:. Archived from 13782: 13776: 13775: 13773: 13771: 13762:. Archived from 13751: 13745: 13744: 13742: 13740: 13724: 13718: 13717: 13715: 13713: 13698: 13692: 13691: 13689: 13687: 13674:Hindman, Heath. 13671: 13665: 13664: 13662: 13660: 13644: 13638: 13637: 13635: 13633: 13617: 13611: 13610:, pp. 91–92 13605: 13599: 13598: 13596: 13594: 13577: 13571: 13570: 13568: 13566: 13557:. Archived from 13546: 13540: 13534: 13528: 13527: 13525: 13523: 13506: 13500: 13494: 13488: 13482: 13476: 13470: 13461: 13455: 13449: 13443: 13432: 13431: 13429: 13427: 13418:. Archived from 13406: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13386: 13377:. Archived from 13364: 13358: 13357: 13355: 13353: 13338: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13327: 13316: 13310: 13309: 13307: 13305: 13293: 13287: 13286: 13284: 13282: 13266: 13260: 13259: 13258: 13256: 13251:on 31 March 2012 13236: 13230: 13229: 13227: 13225: 13204: 13198: 13197: 13195: 13193: 13188:on 11 March 2014 13177: 13171: 13170: 13168: 13166: 13161:on 11 March 2016 13150: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13139: 13122: 13116: 13115: 13113: 13111: 13095: 13086: 13085: 13083: 13081: 13065: 13059: 13058: 13056: 13054: 13045:. Archived from 13032: 13026: 13025: 13023: 13021: 13012:. Archived from 12999: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12988: 12983:on 25 April 2015 12979:. Archived from 12968: 12962: 12961: 12959: 12957: 12936: 12930: 12929: 12927: 12925: 12907: 12901: 12900: 12885: 12879: 12878: 12876: 12874: 12859: 12853: 12852: 12839: 12830: 12829: 12815: 12806: 12805: 12793: 12787: 12786: 12784: 12782: 12773:. Archived from 12760: 12751: 12750: 12748: 12746: 12726: 12715: 12714: 12712: 12710: 12698: 12689: 12688: 12686: 12684: 12675:. Archived from 12665: 12659: 12658: 12656: 12654: 12638: 12623: 12622: 12615: 12609: 12608: 12597: 12591: 12590: 12582: 12576: 12575: 12564: 12558: 12557: 12550: 12544: 12543: 12529: 12523: 12522: 12509: 12503: 12502: 12500: 12498: 12483: 12477: 12476: 12474: 12472: 12460: 12454: 12448: 12442: 12441: 12439: 12437: 12421: 12415: 12414: 12412: 12410: 12394: 12385: 12384: 12377: 12368: 12367: 12365: 12363: 12347: 12341: 12340: 12338: 12336: 12319: 12310: 12309: 12307: 12305: 12296:. Archived from 12279: 12273: 12272: 12266: 12258: 12256: 12254: 12238: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12224: 12219:on 28 March 2012 12208: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12197: 12182: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12171: 12155: 12149: 12148: 12142: 12138: 12136: 12128: 12126: 12124: 12106: 12100: 12099: 12097: 12095: 12083: 12077: 12065: 12059: 12058: 12056: 12054: 12038: 12032: 12031: 12029: 12027: 12012: 12001: 12000: 11998: 11996: 11984: 11978: 11977: 11975: 11973: 11957: 11951: 11950: 11948: 11946: 11931: 11925: 11924: 11922: 11920: 11905: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11894: 11888:"Dragon Quest V" 11883: 11877: 11876: 11866: 11860: 11859: 11837: 11831: 11830: 11828: 11826: 11811: 11805: 11804: 11802: 11800: 11784: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11773: 11757: 11751: 11745: 11743: 11741: 11721: 11715: 11709: 11707: 11705: 11691: 11682: 11676: 11674: 11672: 11652: 11643: 11637: 11626: 11625: 11624: 11620: 11613: 11607: 11601: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11572: 11566: 11565: 11563: 11561: 11552:. Archived from 11539: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11528: 11523:on 29 March 2006 11512: 11506: 11505: 11504:. 25 April 2008. 11494: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11483: 11468: 11462: 11456: 11447: 11441: 11435: 11434: 11426: 11420: 11419: 11417: 11415: 11400: 11394: 11393: 11391: 11389: 11380:. Archived from 11367: 11361: 11360: 11358: 11356: 11338: 11332: 11326: 11317: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11297:Cengage Learning 11286: 11280: 11274: 11268: 11267: 11265: 11263: 11247: 11241: 11240: 11215: 11206: 11205: 11204: 11202: 11188:, p. xxiv, 11186:Cengage Learning 11175: 11169: 11168: 11166: 11164: 11155:. Archived from 11142: 11136: 11130: 11124: 11123: 11117: 11109: 11107: 11105: 11090: 11084: 11083: 11081: 11079: 11070:. Archived from 11057: 11051: 11032: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11021: 11005: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10985:. Archived from 10968: 10962: 10961: 10959: 10957: 10941: 10935: 10934: 10932: 10930: 10921:. Archived from 10904: 10898: 10897: 10895: 10893: 10884:. Archived from 10873: 10867: 10865: 10863: 10861: 10843: 10841: 10839: 10817: 10808: 10806: 10804: 10802: 10784: 10782: 10780: 10758: 10747: 10746: 10744: 10742: 10727: 10721: 10720: 10718: 10716: 10701: 10695: 10694: 10686: 10680: 10679: 10677: 10675: 10670:on 11 March 2010 10666:. Archived from 10655: 10649: 10648: 10646: 10644: 10623: 10617: 10616: 10614: 10612: 10603:. Archived from 10590: 10579: 10578: 10576: 10574: 10565:. Archived from 10552: 10541: 10540: 10538: 10536: 10527:. Archived from 10514: 10505: 10504: 10502: 10500: 10485: 10479: 10478: 10476: 10474: 10457: 10451: 10450: 10448: 10446: 10437:. Archived from 10426: 10420: 10419: 10417: 10415: 10404:"Romancing SaGa" 10399: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10383: 10374:. Archived from 10363: 10352: 10346: 10340: 10339: 10337: 10335: 10326:. Archived from 10318:Parish, Jeremy. 10315: 10309: 10308: 10306: 10304: 10286: 10280: 10279: 10277: 10275: 10266:. Archived from 10253: 10244: 10238: 10232: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10208: 10207: 10196: 10190: 10189: 10187: 10185: 10166: 10160: 10154: 10152: 10150: 10136: 10130: 10129: 10127: 10125: 10116:. Archived from 10103: 10097: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10078: 10072: 10062: 10056: 10042: 10036: 10030: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10016: 10000: 9994: 9993: 9987: 9983: 9981: 9973: 9971: 9969: 9951: 9945: 9944: 9942: 9940: 9924: 9918: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9904:. Archived from 9891: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9880: 9875:. 2 January 2011 9865: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9829: 9823: 9822: 9776: 9770: 9769: 9767: 9765: 9751: 9745: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9731:. Archived from 9718: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9689: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9660: 9654: 9653: 9651: 9649: 9630: 9624: 9618: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9602: 9593:. Archived from 9580: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9550: 9544: 9538: 9527: 9526: 9508: 9502: 9501: 9499: 9497: 9474: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9460: 9441: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9416:. Archived from 9403: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9383:. Archived from 9373:Gifford, Kevin. 9370: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9354: 9345:. Archived from 9332: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9273: 9267: 9266: 9253: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9237:. 8 October 2010 9227: 9221: 9210: 9204: 9203: 9190: 9184: 9178: 9176: 9174: 9154: 9148: 9147: 9134: 9128: 9106: 9100: 9099: 9098:. 12 April 2017. 9086: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9058: 9052: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9031: 9025: 9024: 9010: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8985:. Archived from 8974: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8948: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8895:. Archived from 8884: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8870: 8861:. Archived from 8848: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8810:. Archived from 8802:"Crossed Swords" 8798: 8792: 8785:(Reprinted from 8784: 8782: 8780: 8768: 8762: 8751: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8731:. Archived from 8725:"Vantage Master" 8720: 8714: 8705: 8699: 8693: 8691: 8689: 8675: 8669: 8658: 8652: 8651: 8640: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8629: 8617: 8606: 8599: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8576: 8563: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8536: 8534: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8493: 8487: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8474:on 10 March 2013 8460: 8454: 8453: 8448:. Archived from 8436: 8427: 8421: 8419: 8417: 8402: 8389: 8380: 8374: 8367: 8356: 8338: 8329: 8315: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8266: 8260: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8236: 8234: 8232: 8210: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8183:. Archived from 8173: 8167: 8157: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8146: 8137:. Archived from 8126: 8120: 8119: 8108: 8102: 8101: 8090: 8084: 8073: 8064: 8057: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8026: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8001:. Archived from 7990: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7979: 7964: 7958: 7952: 7950: 7948: 7937: 7928: 7921:(Reprinted from 7920: 7918: 7916: 7904: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7870: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7859: 7848: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7837: 7815: 7809: 7808: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7783: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7752: 7746: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7721: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7688: 7682: 7676: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7653:. Archived from 7640: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7620:. Archived from 7609: 7603: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7583: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7545: 7539: 7538: 7537:on 23 July 2011. 7526: 7517: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7495: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7409: 7400: 7399: 7391: 7378: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7368:on 26 March 2015 7358: 7349: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7324: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7268: 7253: 7246: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7235: 7226:. Archived from 7213: 7207: 7200: 7194: 7188: 7186: 7184: 7168: 7162: 7161: 7160:. 15 April 2017. 7148: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7075: 7066: 7055: 7054: 7043: 7037: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7022:on 22 March 2012 7006: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6981:. Archived from 6970: 6964: 6963: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6934: 6925: 6924:, ISSN 1916-985X 6914: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6898:on 20 April 2012 6878: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6852: 6846: 6845: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6805: 6705:Westward Journey 6539:Astonishia Story 6524:(1988) with the 6501:Astonishia Story 6488:Future Boy Conan 6435:, also known as 6362:. On handhelds, 6251:. On handhelds, 6101:Etrian Odyssey V 5938:Final Fantasy XV 5774:Persona 4 Golden 5753:Pokémon Conquest 5704:Radiant Historia 5584:Half-Minute Hero 5339:. On handhelds, 5209:Game Boy Advance 5176:Charlie's Angels 5148:Final Fantasy XI 5089:Final Fantasy XI 4991:dungeon crawlers 4968:Final Fantasy XI 4965:efforts such as 4665: 4611:fifth generation 4549:player character 4541:branching choice 4497:Story of Seasons 4377:Romancing Saga 3 4252:Final Fantasy VI 4238:Final Fantasy VI 4226:Romancing SaGa 2 4215:Romancing Saga 2 4206:Romancing Saga 2 4187:Madou Monogatari 4159:Hiromichi Tanaka 4113:Romancing Saga 3 4075:Dragon Knight II 4026:Kazushige Nojima 3965:multiple endings 3920:Dragon Quest V's 3903:Story of Seasons 3869:Assassin's Creed 3864:Islamic Assassin 3834:player character 3788:Final Fantasy IV 3766:Final Fantasy IV 3734:Final Fantasy IV 3703:action-adventure 3677:post-apocalyptic 3583:action-adventure 3553:Grand Theft Auto 3522:series, adopted 3463:Dungeon Explorer 3451:Game of the Year 3413:Ryuichi Sakamoto 3381:multiple endings 3308:Phantasy Star II 3294:Phantasy Star II 3245:Final Fantasy II 3207:Final Fantasy II 3197:Dragon Quest III 3183:Dragon Quest III 3078:multiple endings 3022:of the original 2992:Dragon Slayer IV 2911:monster-catching 2903:Nintendo Famicom 2747:The gameplay of 2742:video game music 2641:and his team at 2442:possible endings 2303:Sony PlayStation 2070:Assassin's Creed 2065:Islamic Assassin 1961:Game of the Year 1784:video game music 1419:player character 1382:Game of the Year 1257: 1182:also featured a 1120:Secrets of Khufu 1068:random encounter 803: 796: 789: 439: 432: 431: 422: 415: 408: 331:Player character 221: 202: 201: 195: 188: 177: 170: 166: 163: 157: 154:reliably sourced 134: 133: 126: 119: 116: 110: 87: 79: 68: 46: 45: 38: 21: 16379: 16378: 16374: 16373: 16372: 16370: 16369: 16368: 16324: 16323: 16314: 16312: 16295: 16290: 16266: 16264: 16262: 16234: 16232: 16230: 16203: 16201: 16176: 16174: 16153: 16125: 16123: 16103: 16101: 16081: 16079: 16064: 16062:Further reading 16059: 16058: 16048: 16046: 16036: 16032: 16022: 16020: 16008: 16004: 15994: 15992: 15982: 15978: 15968: 15966: 15954: 15950: 15940: 15938: 15927: 15923: 15908: 15907: 15903: 15898: 15894: 15884: 15882: 15870: 15866: 15858: 15854: 15843: 15841: 15821: 15819: 15802: 15798: 15787: 15785: 15765: 15763: 15762:on 10 July 2012 15746: 15742: 15732: 15730: 15719: 15715: 15705: 15703: 15698: 15697: 15693: 15683: 15681: 15672: 15671: 15667: 15657: 15655: 15647: 15646: 15642: 15633: 15631: 15624: 15623: 15619: 15609: 15607: 15594: 15593: 15589: 15579: 15577: 15568: 15567: 15563: 15553: 15551: 15541: 15537: 15527: 15525: 15516: 15515: 15511: 15501: 15499: 15487: 15483: 15470: 15469: 15465: 15448: 15444: 15434: 15432: 15422: 15418: 15407: 15403: 15393: 15391: 15383:The Game Awards 15376: 15375: 15371: 15361: 15359: 15348: 15344: 15329: 15318: 15309: 15308: 15301: 15291: 15289: 15278: 15271: 15258: 15257: 15248: 15238: 15236: 15235:on 7 March 2017 15227: 15226: 15222: 15212: 15210: 15205: 15204: 15200: 15190: 15188: 15183: 15182: 15178: 15168: 15166: 15159: 15155: 15144: 15140: 15129: 15125: 15116: 15115: 15111: 15101: 15099: 15087: 15083: 15073: 15071: 15062: 15061: 15057: 15042: 15041: 15037: 15027: 15025: 15008: 15004: 14994: 14992: 14982: 14978: 14968: 14966: 14949: 14945: 14935: 14933: 14916: 14912: 14902: 14900: 14890: 14886: 14876: 14874: 14865:Moehnke, Mike. 14863: 14859: 14849: 14847: 14846:on 14 July 2011 14836: 14832: 14822: 14820: 14808: 14804: 14794: 14792: 14785: 14781: 14771: 14769: 14761: 14760: 14756: 14746: 14744: 14735: 14734: 14730: 14720: 14718: 14705: 14704: 14700: 14690: 14688: 14681: 14677: 14667: 14665: 14655: 14651: 14641: 14639: 14632: 14628: 14618: 14616: 14605: 14601: 14591: 14589: 14578: 14574: 14564: 14562: 14549: 14548: 14544: 14534: 14532: 14523: 14522: 14518: 14508: 14506: 14487: 14483: 14473: 14471: 14470:on 24 July 2012 14456:Furfari, Paul. 14454: 14450: 14440: 14438: 14429: 14428: 14424: 14414: 14412: 14402: 14398: 14388: 14386: 14374: 14370: 14360: 14358: 14347: 14343: 14333: 14331: 14320: 14316: 14306: 14304: 14295: 14294: 14290: 14280: 14278: 14261: 14257: 14247: 14245: 14230: 14226: 14216: 14214: 14205:Mattich, Ryan. 14203: 14199: 14189: 14187: 14172: 14168: 14158: 14156: 14141: 14134: 14124: 14122: 14112: 14108: 14098: 14096: 14079: 14075: 14065: 14063: 14056: 14052: 14042: 14040: 14028: 14024: 14014: 14012: 14002: 13998: 13988: 13986: 13971: 13958: 13948: 13946: 13937: 13936: 13932: 13922: 13920: 13905: 13901: 13891: 13889: 13888:on 19 June 2010 13874: 13870: 13860: 13858: 13847: 13843: 13833: 13831: 13819: 13812: 13802: 13800: 13783: 13779: 13769: 13767: 13752: 13748: 13738: 13736: 13725: 13721: 13711: 13709: 13699: 13695: 13685: 13683: 13682:on 15 July 2011 13672: 13668: 13658: 13656: 13655:on 15 July 2011 13645: 13641: 13631: 13629: 13618: 13614: 13606: 13602: 13592: 13590: 13578: 13574: 13564: 13562: 13547: 13543: 13535: 13531: 13521: 13519: 13507: 13503: 13495: 13491: 13483: 13479: 13471: 13464: 13456: 13452: 13444: 13435: 13425: 13423: 13422:on 21 July 2012 13408: 13407: 13394: 13384: 13382: 13381:on 18 July 2012 13365: 13361: 13351: 13349: 13340: 13339: 13335: 13325: 13323: 13318: 13317: 13313: 13303: 13301: 13294: 13290: 13280: 13278: 13267: 13263: 13254: 13252: 13237: 13233: 13223: 13221: 13206: 13205: 13201: 13191: 13189: 13178: 13174: 13164: 13162: 13151: 13147: 13137: 13135: 13123: 13119: 13109: 13107: 13106:on 15 July 2011 13096: 13089: 13079: 13077: 13066: 13062: 13052: 13050: 13049:on 16 June 2006 13033: 13029: 13019: 13017: 13000: 12996: 12986: 12984: 12969: 12965: 12955: 12953: 12938: 12937: 12933: 12923: 12921: 12908: 12904: 12887: 12886: 12882: 12872: 12870: 12860: 12856: 12841: 12840: 12833: 12824:. No. 19. 12817: 12816: 12809: 12795: 12794: 12790: 12780: 12778: 12761: 12754: 12744: 12742: 12727: 12718: 12708: 12706: 12699: 12692: 12682: 12680: 12667: 12666: 12662: 12652: 12650: 12649:on 30 July 2012 12639: 12626: 12617: 12616: 12612: 12599: 12598: 12594: 12583: 12579: 12566: 12565: 12561: 12552: 12551: 12547: 12539:(NPC in Jidoor) 12530: 12526: 12511: 12510: 12506: 12496: 12494: 12484: 12480: 12470: 12468: 12461: 12457: 12449: 12445: 12435: 12433: 12432:on 29 July 2013 12422: 12418: 12408: 12406: 12395: 12388: 12379: 12378: 12371: 12361: 12359: 12348: 12344: 12334: 12332: 12320: 12313: 12303: 12301: 12280: 12276: 12260: 12259: 12252: 12250: 12249:on 15 July 2011 12239: 12232: 12222: 12220: 12209: 12205: 12195: 12193: 12184: 12183: 12179: 12169: 12167: 12156: 12152: 12140: 12139: 12130: 12129: 12122: 12120: 12107: 12103: 12093: 12091: 12084: 12080: 12066: 12062: 12052: 12050: 12039: 12035: 12025: 12023: 12013: 12004: 11994: 11992: 11985: 11981: 11971: 11969: 11968:on 15 July 2011 11960:Wilson, Glenn. 11958: 11954: 11944: 11942: 11933: 11932: 11928: 11918: 11916: 11906: 11902: 11892: 11890: 11884: 11880: 11867: 11863: 11856: 11838: 11834: 11824: 11822: 11812: 11808: 11798: 11796: 11795:on 11 July 2011 11785: 11781: 11771: 11769: 11768:on 15 July 2011 11760:Willis, Tyler. 11758: 11754: 11739: 11737: 11730:Virtual Console 11723: 11722: 11718: 11703: 11701: 11693: 11692: 11685: 11670: 11668: 11661:Virtual Console 11654: 11653: 11646: 11638: 11629: 11622: 11614: 11610: 11602: 11595: 11585: 11583: 11574: 11573: 11569: 11559: 11557: 11556:on 28 June 2011 11540: 11536: 11526: 11524: 11513: 11509: 11496: 11495: 11491: 11481: 11479: 11470: 11469: 11465: 11457: 11450: 11442: 11438: 11427: 11423: 11413: 11411: 11410:on 25 June 2008 11402: 11401: 11397: 11387: 11385: 11368: 11364: 11354: 11352: 11339: 11335: 11327: 11320: 11311: 11309: 11307: 11287: 11283: 11275: 11271: 11261: 11259: 11248: 11244: 11216: 11209: 11200: 11198: 11196: 11176: 11172: 11162: 11160: 11143: 11139: 11131: 11127: 11111: 11110: 11103: 11101: 11091: 11087: 11077: 11075: 11074:on 23 July 2012 11058: 11054: 11045:Wayback Machine 11033: 11029: 11019: 11017: 11016:on 11 July 2011 11006: 11002: 10992: 10990: 10989:on 29 June 2011 10969: 10965: 10955: 10953: 10942: 10938: 10928: 10926: 10905: 10901: 10891: 10889: 10874: 10870: 10859: 10857: 10837: 10835: 10818: 10811: 10800: 10798: 10778: 10776: 10759: 10750: 10740: 10738: 10728: 10724: 10714: 10712: 10703: 10702: 10698: 10687: 10683: 10673: 10671: 10656: 10652: 10642: 10640: 10625: 10624: 10620: 10610: 10608: 10607:on 25 July 2011 10591: 10582: 10572: 10570: 10569:on 18 July 2005 10555:Kasavin, Greg. 10553: 10544: 10534: 10532: 10515: 10508: 10498: 10496: 10487: 10486: 10482: 10472: 10470: 10458: 10454: 10444: 10442: 10441:on 13 July 2011 10427: 10423: 10413: 10411: 10400: 10391: 10381: 10379: 10378:on 13 July 2011 10364: 10355: 10347: 10343: 10333: 10331: 10316: 10312: 10302: 10300: 10287: 10283: 10273: 10271: 10254: 10247: 10239: 10235: 10227: 10223: 10215: 10211: 10198: 10197: 10193: 10183: 10181: 10168: 10167: 10163: 10148: 10146: 10138: 10137: 10133: 10123: 10121: 10120:on 17 June 2009 10104: 10100: 10090: 10088: 10080: 10079: 10075: 10063: 10059: 10053:Wayback Machine 10043: 10039: 10031: 10024: 10014: 10012: 10001: 9997: 9985: 9984: 9975: 9974: 9967: 9965: 9952: 9948: 9938: 9936: 9925: 9921: 9911: 9909: 9892: 9888: 9878: 9876: 9867: 9866: 9849: 9839: 9837: 9834:"Megami Tensei" 9830: 9826: 9777: 9773: 9763: 9761: 9753: 9752: 9748: 9738: 9736: 9719: 9715: 9705: 9703: 9690: 9686: 9676: 9674: 9661: 9657: 9647: 9645: 9632: 9631: 9627: 9619: 9610: 9600: 9598: 9581: 9577: 9567: 9565: 9564:on 10 June 2009 9552: 9551: 9547: 9539: 9530: 9510: 9509: 9505: 9495: 9493: 9491: 9475: 9468: 9458: 9456: 9442: 9433: 9423: 9421: 9420:on 16 June 2004 9404: 9400: 9390: 9388: 9371: 9362: 9352: 9350: 9333: 9326: 9316: 9314: 9302: 9298: 9288: 9286: 9274: 9270: 9255: 9254: 9250: 9240: 9238: 9229: 9228: 9224: 9211: 9207: 9192: 9191: 9187: 9172: 9170: 9163:Virtual Console 9158:"Bokosuka Wars" 9156: 9155: 9151: 9138:"Bokosuka Wars" 9136: 9135: 9131: 9107: 9103: 9088: 9087: 9083: 9073: 9071: 9070:. 2 August 2016 9060: 9059: 9055: 9045: 9043: 9033: 9032: 9028: 9011: 9002: 8992: 8990: 8975: 8971: 8961: 8959: 8949: 8945: 8935: 8933: 8921: 8917: 8902: 8900: 8899:on 2 April 2016 8885: 8878: 8868: 8866: 8849: 8842: 8832: 8830: 8823: 8819: 8800: 8799: 8795: 8778: 8776: 8769: 8765: 8752: 8748: 8738: 8736: 8721: 8717: 8706: 8702: 8687: 8685: 8679:"Official Site" 8677: 8676: 8672: 8659: 8655: 8642: 8641: 8637: 8627: 8625: 8618: 8609: 8600: 8596: 8586: 8584: 8577: 8566: 8560:Wayback Machine 8551: 8547: 8532: 8530: 8521: 8520: 8516: 8506: 8504: 8495: 8494: 8490: 8477: 8475: 8462: 8461: 8457: 8438: 8437: 8430: 8415: 8413: 8412:. 28 April 2008 8404: 8403: 8392: 8381: 8377: 8371:War of the Dead 8368: 8359: 8349:Wayback Machine 8340:Kevin Gifford, 8339: 8332: 8326:Wayback Machine 8316: 8312: 8302: 8300: 8293: 8289: 8279: 8277: 8267: 8263: 8252: 8250: 8230: 8228: 8211: 8200: 8190: 8188: 8175: 8174: 8170: 8158: 8154: 8144: 8142: 8141:on 23 July 2011 8131:"Dragon Slayer" 8127: 8123: 8110: 8109: 8105: 8092: 8091: 8087: 8074: 8067: 8058: 8051: 8041: 8039: 8027: 8018: 8008: 8006: 7991: 7987: 7977: 7975: 7965: 7961: 7946: 7944: 7939: 7938: 7931: 7914: 7912: 7905: 7894: 7884: 7882: 7871: 7867: 7857: 7855: 7850: 7849: 7845: 7835: 7833: 7816: 7812: 7801: 7800:Reprinted from 7793: 7791: 7784: 7771: 7761: 7759: 7754: 7753: 7749: 7734: 7732: 7723: 7722: 7718: 7708: 7706: 7689: 7685: 7677: 7670: 7660: 7658: 7657:on 20 June 2012 7641: 7637: 7627: 7625: 7624:on 27 June 2016 7612:Jeremy Parish. 7610: 7606: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7584: 7573: 7563: 7561: 7546: 7542: 7531:"Dragon Slayer" 7527: 7520: 7511: 7507: 7496: 7483: 7473: 7471: 7464: 7460: 7447:(25 May 2014). 7442: 7438: 7428: 7426: 7425:on 29 June 2011 7411: 7410: 7403: 7392: 7381: 7371: 7369: 7360: 7359: 7352: 7337: 7335: 7325: 7321: 7310: 7308: 7288: 7286: 7269: 7256: 7247: 7243: 7233: 7231: 7214: 7210: 7201: 7197: 7182: 7180: 7170: 7169: 7165: 7150: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7133: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7108: 7106: 7105:on 13 July 2011 7097: 7096: 7092: 7084: 7073: 7067: 7058: 7045: 7044: 7040: 7025: 7023: 7008: 7007: 6998: 6988: 6986: 6971: 6967: 6954: 6953: 6949: 6936: 6935: 6928: 6915: 6911: 6901: 6899: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6865: 6863: 6853: 6849: 6838: 6834: 6823: 6822:Reprinted from 6815: 6813: 6806: 6793: 6788: 6756: 6664:Xuan-Yuan Sword 6650: 6636: 6583:Ragnarok Online 6574: 6509:enhanced remake 6429: 6424: 6414: 6408: 6200:Yakuza Kiwami 2 6056:Nintendo Switch 5884: 5869:Bravely Default 5857:Dragon Quest IX 5816:Tales of Xillia 5792:Tales of Graces 5677:Pandora's Tower 5623: 5611:space simulator 5601:is a hybrid of 5552:soccer football 5500:, developed by 5455:, developed by 5418:, developed by 5410: 5357:were released. 5354:Metal Gear Acid 5318:Radiata Stories 5291:, developed by 5270:were released. 5201: 5171:Final Fantasy X 5061:Final Fantasy X 4948: 4860:Parasite Eve II 4855:survival horror 4791:continued with 4663: 4545:dialogue choice 4516: 4486:Guardian Heroes 4409:Dragon Quest VI 4404:Final Fantasy X 4388:Dragon Quest VI 4125: 4032:suffering from 3886:Final Fantasy V 3794:Final Fantasy V 3603:Dragon Quest IV 3598: 3562: 3417:enhanced remake 3363:survival horror 3359:Japanese horror 3325:science fantasy 3249:dialogue system 3060:platform-action 2948:as well as the 2889: 2738:Koichi Sugiyama 2556: 2551: 2537: 2458: 2429:Haunting Ground 2419:adventure games 2412:survival horror 2368:contain lesbian 2291: 2281: 2084:point-and-click 1989:Last Armageddon 1869:survival horror 1853:survival horror 1618:. The game was 1545: 1368:, developed by 1298:dungeon crawler 1255: 1184:day-night cycle 1149:Panorama Island 1112: 991:adventure games 874: 869: 855: 850: 843: 807: 778: 777: 768: 760: 759: 710: 700: 699: 685: 684:Other platforms 677: 676: 667: 657: 656: 647: 645:Virtual reality 637: 636: 627: 617: 616: 607: 597: 596: 577: 567: 566: 557:2023-24 layoffs 484: 474: 473: 459: 426: 351:Threefold model 196: 185: 184: 183: 178: 167: 161: 158: 147: 139:This article's 135: 131: 120: 114: 111: 104: 92:This article's 88: 47: 43: 34: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16377: 16367: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16346: 16341: 16336: 16322: 16321: 16294: 16293:External links 16291: 16289: 16288: 16273: 16260: 16241: 16228: 16210: 16200:on 8 July 2012 16183: 16156: 16151: 16132: 16110: 16088: 16065: 16063: 16060: 16057: 16056: 16030: 16002: 15976: 15948: 15921: 15901: 15892: 15864: 15852: 15818:on 9 July 2012 15796: 15740: 15713: 15691: 15665: 15640: 15617: 15587: 15574:GameRevolution 15561: 15535: 15509: 15481: 15463: 15442: 15416: 15401: 15369: 15342: 15316: 15299: 15269: 15264:GameRevolution 15246: 15220: 15198: 15176: 15153: 15138: 15123: 15109: 15081: 15055: 15035: 15024:on 5 June 2016 15002: 14976: 14943: 14910: 14884: 14857: 14830: 14802: 14779: 14754: 14728: 14698: 14675: 14649: 14626: 14599: 14572: 14561:on 25 May 2009 14542: 14516: 14481: 14448: 14422: 14396: 14368: 14341: 14314: 14288: 14255: 14224: 14197: 14166: 14132: 14106: 14095:on 9 July 2012 14073: 14050: 14022: 13996: 13956: 13930: 13899: 13868: 13841: 13810: 13777: 13746: 13719: 13693: 13666: 13639: 13628:on 10 May 2011 13612: 13600: 13572: 13541: 13529: 13501: 13489: 13477: 13462: 13450: 13433: 13392: 13359: 13348:on 11 May 2012 13333: 13311: 13296:Kalata, Kurt. 13288: 13277:on 18 May 2016 13269:Kefka, Mista. 13261: 13231: 13199: 13172: 13145: 13117: 13087: 13060: 13027: 12994: 12963: 12952:on 6 July 2009 12931: 12902: 12880: 12854: 12848:Nintendo Power 12831: 12807: 12800:. No. 2. 12788: 12752: 12716: 12705:. HonestGamers 12690: 12679:on 7 July 2012 12660: 12624: 12610: 12605:Nintendo Power 12592: 12577: 12572:Nintendo Power 12559: 12545: 12524: 12504: 12478: 12463:Kalata, Kurt. 12455: 12443: 12416: 12386: 12369: 12350:Grand Rabite. 12342: 12311: 12274: 12230: 12203: 12177: 12150: 12101: 12090:. HonestGamers 12078: 12060: 12033: 12002: 11979: 11952: 11926: 11900: 11878: 11861: 11854: 11832: 11806: 11779: 11752: 11716: 11683: 11644: 11627: 11608: 11593: 11567: 11534: 11507: 11489: 11463: 11448: 11436: 11421: 11395: 11362: 11333: 11318: 11305: 11281: 11269: 11242: 11207: 11194: 11170: 11137: 11125: 11085: 11052: 11027: 11000: 10963: 10936: 10899: 10888:on 10 May 2019 10868: 10809: 10748: 10730:Kalata, Kurt. 10722: 10711:. 13 July 2009 10696: 10681: 10650: 10632:Nintendo Power 10618: 10580: 10542: 10506: 10495:. 23 July 2007 10480: 10452: 10421: 10402:Patrick Gann. 10389: 10353: 10341: 10310: 10289:Kalata, Kurt. 10281: 10245: 10233: 10221: 10209: 10191: 10161: 10131: 10098: 10073: 10057: 10037: 10022: 10003:Kalata, Kurt. 9995: 9946: 9935:on 15 May 2013 9919: 9886: 9847: 9824: 9771: 9746: 9713: 9692:Kalata, Kurt. 9684: 9663:Kalata, Kurt. 9655: 9625: 9608: 9575: 9545: 9528: 9503: 9489: 9466: 9444:Kalata, Kurt. 9431: 9398: 9360: 9324: 9296: 9268: 9248: 9222: 9205: 9185: 9149: 9129: 9101: 9081: 9053: 9026: 9000: 8969: 8943: 8915: 8876: 8865:on 31 May 2016 8840: 8825:Kalata, Kurt. 8817: 8793: 8763: 8746: 8723:Kalata, Kurt. 8715: 8700: 8670: 8653: 8644:"Silber Ghost" 8635: 8607: 8594: 8564: 8545: 8514: 8488: 8455: 8440:"Star Cruiser" 8428: 8390: 8375: 8357: 8330: 8319:Cosmic Soldier 8310: 8287: 8261: 8198: 8168: 8160:Sorcerian (PC) 8152: 8129:Kalata, Kurt. 8121: 8103: 8085: 8065: 8049: 8016: 7985: 7967:Kalata, Kurt. 7959: 7929: 7892: 7865: 7854:. Legendra.org 7843: 7810: 7769: 7758:. Legendra.com 7747: 7725:"The Screamer" 7716: 7683: 7668: 7635: 7614:"Metroidvania" 7604: 7571: 7540: 7529:Kalata, Kurt. 7518: 7505: 7481: 7458: 7436: 7401: 7394:Kalata, Kurt. 7379: 7350: 7319: 7254: 7241: 7208: 7195: 7163: 7143: 7116: 7090: 7056: 7038: 7010:"ランダム・アクセス・メモ" 6996: 6965: 6947: 6926: 6909: 6873: 6847: 6832: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6755: 6752: 6748:Genshin Impact 6729:Genshin Impact 6667:, a Taiwanese 6635: 6632: 6573: 6570: 6479:Hayao Miyazaki 6465:and is set in 6428: 6425: 6410:Main article: 6407: 6404: 6236:Secret of Mana 6042:Nier: Automata 5998:, followed by 5995:Gravity Rush 2 5956:Bravely Second 5894:Monster Hunter 5883: 5880: 5725:'s 2011 title 5672:The Last Story 5638:The Last Story 5622: 5619: 5594:Infinite Space 5574:adventure game 5558:elements. The 5547:Inazuma Eleven 5431:Eternal Sonata 5409: 5406: 5383:Famitsu Weekly 5282:Kingdom Hearts 5249:Monster Hunter 5200: 5197: 5108:and Overdrive 5028:Last Rebellion 4978:Monster Hunter 4947: 4944: 4932:Chrono Trigger 4840:Legend of Mana 4752:Dragon Quest V 4695:Romancing Saga 4515: 4512: 4368:Chrono Trigger 4355:Chrono Trigger 4256:teen pregnancy 4211:Romancing Saga 4130:Secret of Mana 4124: 4121: 4095:series on the 4066:puzzle-solving 4012:Romancing SaGa 4008:Romancing Saga 3986:Romancing SaGa 3976:Romancing Saga 3946:Dragon Quest V 3897:Dragon Quest V 3825:vehicle combat 3597: 3594: 3561: 3558: 3337:self-discovery 3329:alien invasion 3127:Hayao Miyazaki 3045:Arabian Nights 2958:computer games 2888: 2885: 2792:Dragon Warrior 2730:Akira Toriyama 2728:-style art by 2653:Dragon Warrior 2555: 2552: 2536: 2533: 2457: 2454: 2319:strategy games 2280: 2277: 2272:Last Rebellion 2215:Crossed Swords 2190:action RPG by 2001:, released by 1835:'s sci-fi RPG 1780:level-grinding 1725:computer game 1616:expansion pack 1587:side-scrolling 1560:Arsys Software 1544: 1541: 1526:Cosmic Soldier 1404:side-scrolling 1394:Dragon Slayer' 1365:The Black Onyx 1362:Also in 1984, 1260:hack-and-slash 1137:Also in 1983, 1111: 1108: 1072:text adventure 1064:adventure game 1038:Spy Daisakusen 873: 870: 854: 851: 842: 839: 809: 808: 806: 805: 798: 791: 783: 780: 779: 776: 775: 769: 766: 765: 762: 761: 758: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 715:List of genres 711: 706: 705: 702: 701: 698: 697: 692: 686: 683: 682: 679: 678: 675: 674: 668: 663: 662: 659: 658: 655: 654: 648: 643: 642: 639: 638: 635: 634: 628: 623: 622: 619: 618: 615: 614: 608: 603: 602: 599: 598: 595: 594: 589: 584: 578: 573: 572: 569: 568: 565: 564: 563: 562: 560: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 514: 513: 503: 498: 497: 496: 485: 480: 479: 476: 475: 472: 471: 466: 460: 457: 456: 453: 452: 446: 445: 441: 440: 428: 427: 425: 424: 417: 410: 402: 399: 398: 397: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 363: 362: 356: 355: 354: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 285: 284: 280: 279: 278: 277: 272: 267: 266: 265: 255: 253:Monster-taming 250: 245: 244: 243: 230: 229: 223: 222: 214: 213: 207: 206: 198: 197: 180: 179: 138: 136: 129: 122: 121: 101:the key points 91: 89: 82: 77: 51: 50: 48: 41: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16376: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16332: 16331: 16329: 16310: 16306: 16302: 16297: 16296: 16285: 16284: 16279: 16274: 16263: 16261:0-07-222888-1 16257: 16253: 16249: 16248: 16242: 16231: 16225: 16222: 16218: 16217: 16211: 16199: 16195: 16194: 16189: 16184: 16172: 16168: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16154: 16148: 16144: 16140: 16139: 16133: 16122: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16100: 16099: 16094: 16089: 16078: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16066: 16045: 16041: 16034: 16019: 16018: 16013: 16006: 15991: 15987: 15980: 15965: 15964: 15959: 15952: 15936: 15932: 15925: 15917: 15916: 15911: 15905: 15896: 15881: 15880: 15875: 15868: 15862: 15856: 15840: 15836: 15831: 15817: 15813: 15812: 15807: 15800: 15784: 15780: 15775: 15761: 15757: 15756: 15751: 15744: 15728: 15724: 15717: 15701: 15695: 15680:(in Japanese) 15679: 15675: 15669: 15654: 15650: 15644: 15629: 15628: 15621: 15605: 15601: 15597: 15591: 15576:. 25 May 2018 15575: 15571: 15565: 15550: 15546: 15539: 15523: 15519: 15513: 15498: 15497: 15492: 15485: 15477: 15473: 15467: 15459: 15458: 15453: 15446: 15431: 15427: 15420: 15412: 15405: 15389: 15385: 15384: 15379: 15373: 15357: 15353: 15346: 15338: 15334: 15327: 15325: 15323: 15321: 15312: 15306: 15304: 15287: 15283: 15276: 15274: 15265: 15261: 15255: 15253: 15251: 15234: 15230: 15224: 15208: 15202: 15186: 15180: 15165:. Den of Geek 15164: 15157: 15149: 15142: 15134: 15127: 15119: 15113: 15098: 15097: 15092: 15085: 15069: 15065: 15059: 15051: 15050: 15045: 15039: 15023: 15019: 15018: 15013: 15006: 14991: 14987: 14980: 14964: 14960: 14959: 14954: 14947: 14931: 14927: 14926: 14921: 14914: 14899: 14895: 14888: 14872: 14868: 14861: 14845: 14841: 14834: 14819: 14818: 14813: 14806: 14790: 14783: 14768: 14764: 14758: 14742: 14738: 14732: 14716: 14712: 14708: 14702: 14686: 14679: 14664: 14660: 14653: 14637: 14630: 14614: 14610: 14603: 14587: 14583: 14576: 14560: 14556: 14552: 14546: 14530: 14526: 14520: 14504: 14500: 14496: 14492: 14485: 14469: 14465: 14464: 14459: 14452: 14436: 14432: 14426: 14411: 14407: 14400: 14385: 14384: 14379: 14372: 14356: 14352: 14345: 14329: 14325: 14318: 14302: 14298: 14292: 14276: 14272: 14271: 14266: 14259: 14243: 14239: 14235: 14228: 14212: 14208: 14201: 14185: 14181: 14177: 14170: 14154: 14150: 14146: 14139: 14137: 14121: 14117: 14110: 14094: 14090: 14089: 14084: 14077: 14061: 14054: 14039: 14038: 14033: 14026: 14011: 14007: 14000: 13984: 13980: 13976: 13969: 13967: 13965: 13963: 13961: 13945:. 31 May 2010 13944: 13940: 13934: 13918: 13914: 13910: 13903: 13887: 13883: 13879: 13872: 13856: 13852: 13845: 13830: 13829: 13824: 13817: 13815: 13798: 13794: 13793: 13788: 13781: 13765: 13761: 13757: 13750: 13734: 13730: 13723: 13708: 13704: 13697: 13681: 13677: 13670: 13654: 13650: 13643: 13627: 13623: 13616: 13609: 13604: 13589: 13588: 13583: 13576: 13560: 13556: 13555:Find Articles 13552: 13545: 13538: 13533: 13518: 13517: 13512: 13505: 13498: 13493: 13487:, p. 387 13486: 13481: 13474: 13469: 13467: 13459: 13454: 13447: 13442: 13440: 13438: 13421: 13417: 13416: 13411: 13405: 13403: 13401: 13399: 13397: 13380: 13376: 13375: 13370: 13363: 13347: 13343: 13337: 13321: 13315: 13299: 13292: 13276: 13272: 13265: 13250: 13246: 13242: 13235: 13219: 13215: 13214: 13209: 13203: 13187: 13183: 13180:WolfSamurai. 13176: 13160: 13156: 13149: 13134: 13133: 13128: 13121: 13105: 13101: 13094: 13092: 13075: 13071: 13064: 13048: 13044: 13043: 13038: 13031: 13015: 13011: 13010: 13009:Game Informer 13005: 12998: 12982: 12978: 12974: 12967: 12951: 12947: 12946: 12945:Game Informer 12941: 12935: 12919: 12918: 12913: 12906: 12898: 12894: 12890: 12884: 12869: 12865: 12858: 12850: 12849: 12844: 12838: 12836: 12827: 12823: 12822: 12814: 12812: 12803: 12799: 12792: 12776: 12772: 12771: 12766: 12759: 12757: 12740: 12736: 12732: 12725: 12723: 12721: 12704: 12697: 12695: 12678: 12674: 12670: 12664: 12648: 12644: 12637: 12635: 12633: 12631: 12629: 12620: 12614: 12606: 12602: 12596: 12588: 12581: 12573: 12569: 12563: 12555: 12549: 12542: 12540: 12535: 12528: 12520: 12519: 12514: 12508: 12493: 12489: 12482: 12466: 12459: 12453:, p. 220 12452: 12447: 12431: 12427: 12420: 12404: 12400: 12393: 12391: 12382: 12376: 12374: 12357: 12353: 12346: 12331: 12330: 12325: 12318: 12316: 12299: 12295: 12291: 12290: 12285: 12278: 12270: 12264: 12248: 12244: 12237: 12235: 12218: 12214: 12207: 12191: 12187: 12181: 12165: 12161: 12154: 12146: 12134: 12118: 12114: 12113: 12105: 12089: 12082: 12076: 12072: 12071: 12064: 12048: 12044: 12037: 12022: 12018: 12011: 12009: 12007: 11990: 11983: 11967: 11963: 11956: 11940: 11936: 11930: 11915: 11911: 11904: 11889: 11882: 11874: 11873: 11865: 11857: 11855:1-59812-017-4 11851: 11847: 11843: 11836: 11821: 11817: 11810: 11794: 11790: 11783: 11767: 11763: 11756: 11749: 11736: 11732: 11731: 11726: 11725:"Metal Max 2" 11720: 11713: 11700: 11696: 11690: 11688: 11680: 11667: 11663: 11662: 11657: 11651: 11649: 11641: 11636: 11634: 11632: 11618: 11612: 11605: 11600: 11598: 11581: 11577: 11571: 11555: 11551: 11550: 11545: 11538: 11522: 11518: 11511: 11503: 11499: 11493: 11477: 11473: 11467: 11460: 11455: 11453: 11445: 11440: 11432: 11425: 11409: 11405: 11399: 11383: 11379: 11378: 11377:Game Informer 11373: 11366: 11350: 11349: 11344: 11337: 11330: 11325: 11323: 11308: 11306:0-7615-3299-4 11302: 11298: 11294: 11293: 11285: 11278: 11273: 11257: 11253: 11246: 11239: 11237: 11233: 11229: 11223: 11222: 11214: 11212: 11197: 11195:0-7615-3299-4 11191: 11187: 11183: 11182: 11174: 11158: 11154: 11153: 11148: 11141: 11135:, p. 228 11134: 11129: 11121: 11115: 11100: 11096: 11089: 11073: 11069: 11068: 11063: 11056: 11050: 11046: 11042: 11039: 11038: 11031: 11015: 11011: 11004: 10988: 10984: 10980: 10979: 10974: 10967: 10951: 10947: 10940: 10924: 10920: 10916: 10915: 10910: 10903: 10887: 10883: 10879: 10872: 10856: 10852: 10847: 10833: 10829: 10828: 10823: 10816: 10814: 10797: 10793: 10788: 10774: 10770: 10769: 10764: 10757: 10755: 10753: 10737: 10733: 10726: 10710: 10706: 10700: 10692: 10685: 10669: 10665: 10661: 10654: 10638: 10634: 10633: 10628: 10622: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10596: 10589: 10587: 10585: 10568: 10564: 10563: 10558: 10551: 10549: 10547: 10530: 10526: 10525: 10520: 10513: 10511: 10494: 10490: 10484: 10469: 10468: 10463: 10456: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10425: 10409: 10405: 10398: 10396: 10394: 10377: 10373: 10369: 10362: 10360: 10358: 10350: 10345: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10314: 10298: 10297: 10292: 10285: 10269: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10252: 10250: 10242: 10237: 10230: 10225: 10218: 10213: 10205: 10201: 10195: 10179: 10175: 10171: 10165: 10158: 10145: 10141: 10135: 10119: 10115: 10114: 10109: 10102: 10087: 10083: 10077: 10070: 10066: 10061: 10054: 10050: 10047: 10044:Kurt Kalata, 10041: 10034: 10029: 10027: 10011:on 4 May 2011 10010: 10006: 9999: 9991: 9986:|first1= 9979: 9963: 9962: 9957: 9950: 9934: 9930: 9923: 9907: 9903: 9902: 9897: 9890: 9874: 9870: 9864: 9862: 9860: 9858: 9856: 9854: 9852: 9835: 9828: 9821: 9819: 9815: 9811: 9806: 9805:Deadly Towers 9802: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9784: 9783: 9775: 9760: 9756: 9750: 9734: 9730: 9729: 9724: 9717: 9701: 9700: 9695: 9688: 9672: 9671: 9666: 9659: 9643: 9639: 9635: 9629: 9622: 9617: 9615: 9613: 9596: 9592: 9591: 9586: 9579: 9563: 9559: 9555: 9549: 9542: 9537: 9535: 9533: 9525: 9523: 9517: 9513: 9507: 9492: 9490:0-87586-462-7 9486: 9482: 9481: 9473: 9471: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9440: 9438: 9436: 9419: 9415: 9414: 9409: 9402: 9386: 9382: 9381: 9376: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9348: 9344: 9343: 9338: 9331: 9329: 9313: 9312: 9307: 9300: 9285: 9284: 9279: 9272: 9264: 9263: 9258: 9252: 9236: 9232: 9226: 9220: 9216: 9215: 9214:Dragon Buster 9209: 9201: 9200: 9195: 9189: 9182: 9169: 9165: 9164: 9159: 9153: 9145: 9144: 9139: 9133: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9105: 9097: 9096: 9091: 9085: 9069: 9068: 9063: 9057: 9042: 9041: 9036: 9030: 9022: 9021: 9016: 9009: 9007: 9005: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8973: 8958: 8954: 8947: 8932: 8931: 8926: 8919: 8912: 8898: 8894: 8893:Jeuxvideo.com 8890: 8883: 8881: 8864: 8860: 8859: 8854: 8847: 8845: 8828: 8821: 8813: 8809: 8808: 8803: 8797: 8790: 8789: 8774: 8767: 8761: 8757: 8756: 8750: 8734: 8730: 8726: 8719: 8713: 8709: 8704: 8697: 8684: 8680: 8674: 8668: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8649: 8645: 8639: 8623: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8604: 8598: 8582: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8569: 8561: 8557: 8554: 8549: 8542: 8528: 8524: 8518: 8502: 8498: 8492: 8486: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8459: 8451: 8447: 8446: 8441: 8435: 8433: 8425: 8411: 8407: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8395: 8388: 8384: 8383:Laplace no Ma 8379: 8372: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8354: 8353:Magweasel.com 8350: 8346: 8343: 8337: 8335: 8327: 8323: 8320: 8314: 8298: 8291: 8276: 8272: 8265: 8249: 8245: 8240: 8226: 8222: 8221: 8216: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8172: 8165: 8161: 8156: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8125: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8099: 8095: 8089: 8083: 8079: 8078: 8072: 8070: 8062: 8059:Kurt Kalata, 8056: 8054: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8004: 8000: 7999:MagWeasel.com 7996: 7989: 7974: 7970: 7963: 7956: 7942: 7936: 7934: 7926: 7925: 7910: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7880: 7876: 7869: 7853: 7847: 7831: 7827: 7826: 7821: 7814: 7806: 7805: 7789: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7757: 7751: 7744: 7730: 7726: 7720: 7704: 7700: 7699: 7694: 7687: 7680: 7675: 7673: 7656: 7652: 7651: 7646: 7639: 7623: 7619: 7618:GameSpite.net 7615: 7608: 7601: 7588: 7582: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7544: 7536: 7532: 7525: 7523: 7515: 7509: 7501: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7469: 7462: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7440: 7424: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7408: 7406: 7397: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7367: 7363: 7357: 7355: 7347: 7334: 7330: 7323: 7307: 7303: 7298: 7284: 7280: 7279: 7274: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7252:, pages 38–49 7251: 7245: 7229: 7225: 7224: 7219: 7212: 7205: 7199: 7192: 7179: 7178: 7173: 7167: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7147: 7132: 7131: 7126: 7120: 7104: 7100: 7094: 7083: 7079: 7072: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7052: 7048: 7042: 7035: 7021: 7017: 7016: 7011: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6969: 6961: 6957: 6951: 6943: 6942:gamasutra.com 6939: 6933: 6931: 6923: 6919: 6913: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6888: 6887:Extra Credits 6883: 6877: 6862: 6858: 6851: 6844:. p. 16. 6843: 6836: 6828: 6827: 6811: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6791: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6757: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6742: 6738: 6735: 6731: 6730: 6725: 6723: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6712: 6711:Perfect World 6707: 6706: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6658: 6654: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6616: 6610: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6584: 6579: 6576:In 2002, the 6572:2000s–present 6569: 6567: 6563: 6562: 6557: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6546:online gaming 6542: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6514: 6513:Ys II Special 6510: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6496: 6494: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6471:ancient China 6468: 6467:ancient Korea 6464: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6423: 6419: 6413: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6394: 6389: 6388: 6383: 6382: 6377: 6374:both for the 6373: 6372: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6354: 6349: 6348: 6343: 6339: 6338: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6295: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6277: 6272: 6271: 6266: 6265: 6260: 6259: 6254: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6243: 6238: 6237: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6219: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6207: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6171: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6155: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6141: 6135: 6133: 6132: 6127: 6126: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6114: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6102: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6024: 6023:Nier Automata 6019: 6015: 6014: 6009: 6008: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5996: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5981: 5980:Exist Archive 5976: 5975: 5970: 5969: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5957: 5952: 5951: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5927: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5912: 5908: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5890: 5879: 5877: 5876: 5871: 5870: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5846: 5840: 5839: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5824: 5823: 5822:Mass Effect 3 5818: 5817: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5769: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5744: 5740: 5739:Pokémon Black 5734: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5705: 5699: 5697: 5693: 5692: 5691:Mass Effect 2 5687: 5683: 5679: 5678: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5633:Monolith Soft 5630: 5629: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5599:PlatinumGames 5596: 5595: 5590: 5586: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5548: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5511: 5507: 5506:PlayStation 3 5503: 5499: 5498: 5497:Demon's Souls 5492: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5483: 5478: 5477: 5472: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5453: 5447: 5445: 5444: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5426: 5421: 5417: 5416: 5405: 5403: 5402: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5378:Final Fantasy 5375: 5371: 5370: 5369:Final Fantasy 5365: 5364: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5337: 5332: 5331: 5326: 5325: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5283: 5278: 5277: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5262: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5234: 5228: 5226: 5222: 5221:stealth-based 5219:had a unique 5218: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5149: 5143: 5141: 5140:Shadow Hearts 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5123:Shadow Hearts 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5068: 5063: 5062: 5056: 5054: 5053: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5041:Final Fantasy 5038: 5034: 5033:PlayStation 2 5030: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5014: 5010: 5007:introduced a 5006: 5005: 5004:Vagrant Story 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4987:Final Fantasy 4984: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4908: 4903: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4835:SaGa Frontier 4832: 4831: 4826: 4825: 4820: 4819: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4807: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4748:Megami Tensei 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4732:Sigmund Freud 4728: 4727: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4712: 4711:LandStalker's 4707: 4703: 4702: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4690:SaGa Frontier 4685: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4662: 4657: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4646: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4621: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4607:optical discs 4604: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4576: 4575: 4571:in 2002, and 4570: 4569: 4564: 4563: 4562:Thousand Arms 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4522: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4503: 4499: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4462: 4456: 4454: 4449: 4446:introduced a 4445: 4444: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4424: 4423:town-building 4420: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4350: 4347: 4341: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4306:Demon's Souls 4302: 4301: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4257: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4239: 4233: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4222: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4188: 4183: 4182: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4151:Nasir Gebelli 4148: 4147:Final Fantasy 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4131: 4120: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4070:TurboGrafx-CD 4067: 4063: 4059: 4056:was an early 4055: 4054: 4049: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4024:, written by 4023: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3992: 3991:SaGa Frontier 3987: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3972: 3971: 3970:Megami Tensei 3966: 3961: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3892:Final Fantasy 3888: 3887: 3881: 3879: 3878:heart monitor 3875: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3850:Telenet Japan 3847: 3846: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3819:was an early 3818: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3771:battle system 3768: 3767: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3755: 3746: 3742: 3741: 3740:Phantasy Star 3736: 3735: 3730: 3726: 3724: 3723: 3718: 3717:Final Fantasy 3714: 3713: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3579: 3574: 3573: 3572:Final Fantasy 3568: 3557: 3555: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3476:Super Hydlide 3472: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3458: 3456: 3455:OMNI Magazine 3452: 3448: 3447:Ys I & II 3444: 3443:voice dubbing 3440: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3421:Ys I & II 3418: 3414: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3373:Resident Evil 3371:(1996). Like 3370: 3369: 3368:Resident Evil 3364: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3350: 3346: 3345:Final Fantasy 3342: 3341:Final Fantasy 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3275:TurboGrafx-16 3272: 3271: 3266: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3241: 3236: 3235: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3212:Final Fantasy 3209: 3208: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3189:Final Fantasy 3185: 3184: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3171:Final Fantasy 3168: 3164: 3163:Final Fantasy 3160: 3159: 3158:Final Fantasy 3154: 3153: 3152:Phantasy Star 3148: 3147: 3146:Megami Tensei 3142: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3119:Final Fantasy 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3102:Final Fantasy 3097: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3018:combined the 3017: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2982: 2981:Dragon Slayer 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2959: 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games 3792: 3786: 3781:, where the 3779:Hiroyuki Ito 3764: 3758: 3752: 3750: 3738: 3732: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3670: 3660: 3650: 3640: 3622: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3591: 3586: 3576: 3570: 3563: 3551: 3536: 3529:memento mori 3523: 3519: 3513: 3509: 3494: 3488: 3474: 3461: 3459: 3454: 3446: 3419: 3406: 3403:feudal Japan 3391:PC Engine CD 3384: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3352: 3344: 3340: 3306: 3304: 3292: 3268: 3262: 3252: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3211: 3205: 3201:Dragon Quest 3200: 3196: 3193:Dragon Quest 3192: 3188: 3181: 3179: 3175:Dragon Quest 3174: 3170: 3167:Dragon Quest 3166: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3118: 3111:class change 3101: 3085: 3063: 3053: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3029: 3023: 3013: 3009: 3003: 2991: 2985: 2980: 2968:third-person 2961: 2949: 2945: 2939: 2930: 2921: 2892: 2890: 2872: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2852: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2820: 2814: 2812: 2803: 2799: 2796:Dragon Quest 2795: 2791: 2788:Dragon Quest 2787: 2782:Dragon Quest 2781: 2777:Dragon Quest 2776: 2772:Dragon Quest 2771: 2766: 2765:editions of 2761:Dragon Quest 2760: 2756: 2749:Dragon Quest 2748: 2746: 2717:Dragon Quest 2716: 2708: 2705:Dragon Quest 2704: 2693:Dragon Quest 2692: 2684: 2681:Dragon Quest 2680: 2674: 2671:visual novel 2664: 2660: 2652: 2648:Dragon Quest 2646: 2636: 2630: 2626: 2622:Dragon Quest 2620: 2604: 2598: 2569: 2559: 2557: 2510: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2485: 2482:FromSoftware 2475: 2472:Nihon Falcom 2465: 2459: 2438:Corpse Party 2437: 2432:(2005), the 2427: 2421: 2407:Corpse Party 2405: 2398:Sega Genesis 2375: 2349: 2343: 2342:gameplay of 2325: 2323: 2292: 2270: 2265:(2008), and 2262: 2252: 2241: 2238:Hideo Kojima 2231: 2226:gameplay of 2213: 2210:Alpha Denshi 2203: 2199: 2167:Gate of Doom 2165: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2133: 2118:Silver Ghost 2117: 2114:Silver Ghost 2113: 2107: 2100:strategy RPG 2088:Silver Ghost 2087: 2074: 2068: 2063:-era Syrian 2056: 2050: 2045: 2038: 2030: 2020: 2014: 2013:gameplay to 1998: 1994:PC Engine CD 1987: 1980:Star Cruiser 1979: 1973: 1967: 1940:Star Cruiser 1938: 1936: 1918:Star Cruiser 1916: 1896: 1890: 1882:Dragon Quest 1880: 1856: 1846: 1836: 1828: 1817: 1803: 1802: 1795: 1791: 1788:Yuzo Koshiro 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1738: 1734: 1726: 1719:System Sacom 1715:Metroidvania 1710: 1707:Metroidvania 1705:similar to " 1694: 1690: 1686: 1680: 1678: 1659: 1655: 1652:first-person 1641: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1609: 1607: 1602: 1595:shoot 'em up 1591:third-person 1575: 1549: 1546: 1534: 1524: 1506: 1502: 1489:. Set after 1483:The Screamer 1482: 1471: 1470: 1464: 1460:Dragon Quest 1458: 1450:The Escapist 1448: 1442: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1423:Metroidvania 1410: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1385: 1363: 1361: 1354: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1310: 1305: 1291: 1288:Nihon Falcom 1283: 1279: 1273: 1269: 1263: 1258:s real-time 1252: 1251:, combining 1244: 1239:released by 1230: 1228: 1214: 1162: 1156: 1148: 1144:Panorama Toh 1142: 1139:Nihon Falcom 1136: 1131: 1122:(クフ王の秘密), a 1119: 1115: 1113: 1103: 1099: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1055: 1041: 1037: 1029: 1023: 1016: 1012:Dragon Quest 1010: 1003:Nihon Falcom 988:visual novel 977: 962:Yuzo Koshiro 958:sound boards 955:FM synthesis 908: 890: 812: 690:Browser game 665:Cloud gaming 625:Mobile games 310: 275:Tactical RPG 186: 168: 159: 140: 112: 96: 94:lead section 69: 62: 56: 55:Please help 52: 35: 26: 16235:8 September 16143:Focal Press 16126:5 September 16082:5 September 15788:9 September 15766:9 September 15733:6 September 15394:16 December 15074:16 December 14958:Destructoid 14037:Destructoid 13861:2 September 13851:"Xenogears" 13792:Destructoid 13712:13 December 13686:13 December 13659:13 December 13620:Rorshacma. 13485:Barton 2008 13020:10 December 12920:. p. 5 12873:14 February 12601:Now Playing 12497:13 December 12451:Barton 2008 12241:Yazarc420. 12141:|work= 12070:Landstalker 11748:Translation 11712:Translation 11695:"Metal Max" 11679:Translation 11656:"Metal Max" 11444:Harris 2009 11388:28 December 11351:. p. 5 11262:19 February 11163:30 December 11133:Barton 2008 11104:5 September 10993:17 November 10956:13 February 10929:13 February 10892:10 February 10860:8 September 10838:8 September 10801:8 September 10779:8 September 10741:7 September 10709:Destructoid 10658:Bert, Max. 10611:6 September 10535:31 December 10334:21 February 10303:22 February 10299:. p. 4 10157:Translation 10144:Square Enix 10140:"クレオパトラの魔宝" 9912:31 December 9810:Castlevania 9706:22 February 9702:. p. 3 9677:22 February 9673:. p. 2 9623:, p. 8 9621:Harris 2009 9568:1 September 9459:22 February 9181:translation 8993:5 September 8911:Translation 8788:Retro Gamer 8739:6 September 8708:First Queen 8696:Translation 8541:Translation 8468:Project EGG 8424:translation 8253:8 September 8231:8 September 8177:"Ys Series" 7978:7 September 7955:Translation 7924:Retro Gamer 7825:Retro Gamer 7804:Retro Gamer 7743:Translation 7679:Harris 2009 7600:Translation 7592:8 September 7474:13 February 7346:Translation 7311:6 September 7289:7 September 7191:Translation 7034:Translation 6826:Retro Gamer 6544:Commercial 6427:1980s–1990s 6381:God Eater 3 6308:Square Enix 6282:Lost Sphear 6149:Square Enix 5907:franchise. 5715:version of 5658:. 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Square's 3065:Castlevania 3031:Popful Mail 2832:Castlevania 2819:(1986) and 2808:Pony Canyon 2751:itself was 2525:South Korea 2423:Clock Tower 2402:programmers 2332:shooter RPG 2327:Night Slave 2299:Sega Saturn 2295:NEC PC-9801 2267:Nippon Ichi 2243:SD Snatcher 2224:beat 'em up 2134:First Queen 2092:NEC PC-8801 1925:, combined 1731:multiplayer 1444:Retro Gamer 1374:Henk Rogers 1237:arcade game 1213:version of 1211:NEC PC-8801 1034:Pony Canyon 915:NEC PC-8801 910:Lode Runner 494:Console war 16328:Categories 16049:10 October 16023:20 October 15941:20 January 15435:31 January 15292:16 January 15102:21 October 14990:GamesRadar 14898:GamesRadar 14301:Gameplanet 14015:29 January 13923:24 January 13803:30 January 13770:31 January 13727:Radrisol. 12294:Ziff Davis 12158:Sanachan. 11939:GamesRadar 11893:29 January 11482:23 October 11232:Shadowgate 11099:GamesRadar 11078:23 January 10643:28 January 10204:Square Co. 10046:Wonder Boy 9968:29 January 9961:Boys' Life 9648:5 December 9638:Iwata Asks 9235:GamesRadar 9046:12 October 8827:"Snatcher" 8601:Leo Chan, 8527:4Gamer.net 8410:4Gamer.net 8406:"スタークルーザー" 8116:archive.is 7729:4Gamer.net 7333:4Gamer.net 7234:14 January 6989:6 November 6922:Kinephanos 6786:References 6770:Dating sim 6741:gacha game 6734:open-world 6691:novels by 6638:See also: 6624:Lineage II 6615:Lineage II 6607:MapleStory 6598:MapleStory 6495:platform. 6491:, for the 6416:See also: 6083:Ever Oasis 5926:Pokémon Go 5916:Dark Souls 5833:Metacritic 5828:Diablo III 5723:Imageepoch 5709:non-linear 5656:open world 5643:Mistwalker 5597:(2009) by 5457:Mistwalker 5389:Suikoden V 5374:open world 4902:Star Ocean 4876:Star Ocean 4806:Silverfall 4530:dating sim 4514:Late 1990s 4476:Star Ocean 4448:turn-based 4426:simulation 4418:Terranigma 4230:open world 4139:action RPG 4115:and later 4089:began the 3909:The Sims 2 3845:Metal Saga 3821:non-linear 3799:turn-based 3707:open world 3629:job system 3621:" system. 3533:sidequests 3506:cut scenes 3481:Mega Drive 3430:cut scenes 3399:cut scenes 3377:Sweet Home 3354:Sweet Home 3333:Earthlings 3281:RPG mode. 3096:archeology 3050:turn-based 3025:Wonder Boy 3000:open world 2996:non-linear 2972:open world 2941:Boys' Life 2753:non-linear 2639:Yuji Horii 2611:life meter 2566:Atari 2600 2539:See also: 2487:Dark Souls 2415:indie game 2410:(1996), a 2364:cut scenes 2285:Dōjin soft 2283:See also: 2158:turn-based 2122:turn-based 2040:Metal Gear 2011:open-world 1999:The Scheme 1984:Mega Drive 1931:3D polygon 1903:turn-based 1877:open-ended 1843:tug of war 1825:cut scenes 1814:Mega Drive 1699:open world 1620:non-linear 1572:Brøderbund 1495:bio-horror 1317:open world 1221:open world 1200:hit points 1151:) for the 1106:in Japan. 1079:turn-based 857:See also: 823:from Japan 821:have come 817:(RPGs) in 384:Roguelikes 346:Statistics 306:GNS theory 236:Action RPG 58:improve it 16305:MobyGames 16283:Gamasutra 16120:Gamasutra 16098:Gamasutra 16076:Gamasutra 15861:CNET News 15706:7 October 15684:7 October 15658:7 October 15634:7 October 15610:7 October 15580:7 October 15549:Eurogamer 15528:7 October 15496:Gamasutra 15337:The Verge 15068:Eurogamer 14711:GameDaily 13828:Gamasutra 13756:"Alundra" 13593:30 August 13587:USA Today 13565:10 August 13516:Gamasutra 13132:Gamasutra 13080:2 October 12956:26 August 12917:Gamasutra 12897:Future US 12329:Eurogamer 12143:ignored ( 12133:cite book 12075:Gamasutra 11820:Neoseeker 11699:Crea-Tech 11515:Bahamut. 11348:Gamasutra 10914:RPG Vault 10715:27 August 10674:28 August 10467:Eurogamer 10431:"Grandia" 10296:Gamasutra 9739:6 October 9699:Gamasutra 9670:Gamasutra 9516:Future US 9454:Gamasutra 9311:Gamasutra 9283:Gamasutra 9121:Excalibur 9040:Steam Spy 8983:GameDaily 8930:Gamasutra 8712:MobyGames 8587:10 August 8507:30 August 8478:31 August 8387:MobyGames 8280:27 August 8036:Gamasutra 7698:Gamasutra 7516:, page 38 7500:"Hydlide" 6671:based on 6541:more so. 6504:, and an 6399:Code Vein 6310:released 6306:In 2019, 6255:released 6193:released 6038:Persona 5 6029:Persona 5 5911:Soulslike 5904:God Eater 5696:Fallout 3 5682:Xenoblade 5668:Xenoblade 5652:Xenoblade 5494:In 2009, 5470:Persona 4 5449:In 2008, 5415:Persona 3 5412:In 2006, 5360:In 2006, 5273:In 2005, 5246:released 5230:In 2004, 5203:In 2003, 5199:Mid 2000s 5145:In 2002, 5132:anti-hero 5114:cutscenes 5084:overworld 5058:In 2001, 5018:Fallout 3 4958:Dreamcast 4950:In 2000, 4940:New Game+ 4907:Persona 2 4824:Fallout 3 4736:Carl Jung 4726:Xenogears 4645:Diablo II 4626:Star Wars 4577:in 2007. 4565:in 1998, 4538:real-time 4507:FarmVille 4469:released 4385:. Enix's 4364:New Game+ 4247:steampunk 4235:In 1994, 4196:Game Gear 4123:Mid-1990s 4087:Game Arts 4058:isometric 4016:Data East 3960:alignment 3883:In 1992, 3839:Metal Max 3816:Metal Max 3811:Crea-Tech 3803:real-time 3751:In 1991, 3747:" system. 3699:Crystalis 3688:Crystalis 3600:In 1990, 3501:alignment 3460:In 1989, 3305:In 1989, 3254:Star Wars 3180:In 1988, 3100:original 3092:adventure 2920:original 2891:In 1987, 2881:power-ups 2851:(such as 2829:(such as 2736:score by 2734:classical 2715:tale for 2655:). 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