Jacob Epstein - Knowledge

1846: 1190: 1959:. As soon as he finished the maquette for Coventry Cathedral, Epstein began making the head and wings of the full-size figure without waiting for the cathedral authorities to approve the project. When reports of the work appeared in the press, Spence made it clear to Epstein that the cathedral was under no obligation to accept it. Epstein said he would do it for his own benefit. When the bishop and cathedral officials visited Epstein's studio to view the work they were greatly impressed and quickly approved the contract for the work. In a 1956 letter to a friend, Epstein wrote that he was "inundated with requests for work on buildings, large works which I don't know I will ever be able to accomplish. I was for so long without any commissions, I don't feel like turning down anything that comes my way, but it is all coming too late I'm afraid." 1816: 1526: 897: 1786: 1585: 1103: 927: 2225: 1481: 1906: 1801: 298: 1256: 52: 1239: 2060: 912: 987: 502: 1273: 826: 1205: 1311: 1496: 1831: 626: 1368: 498:) in central London. Epstein created models of each figure in his studio and these were then cast in plaster. The plaster models were taken to the Strand where they were copied in stone by a firm of commercial architectural carvers, John Drymond of Westminster Bridge Road. Epstein then made minor adjustments and changes to the stone figures. This process of using models, casts and commercial carvers was the norm for architectural sculpture at the time and was one Epstein soon came to reject. 715: 2049: 1993: 1222: 1511: 942: 4949: 665:, removed the tarpaulin only for the cemetery authorities to replace it later. This standoff, with Epstein travelling between London and Paris on a frequent basis, continued until August 1914 when Robbie Ross, against Epstein's wishes, had a butterfly-shaped plaque made as a fig-leaf to cover the creature's testicles. Epstein refused to attend the official unveiling, which was performed by 792:. By making an actual, unaltered, industrial drill an integral part of the sculpture, Epstein must have expected criticism. The menacing body mounted on the drill appeared to be assembled from machine parts, including a head on a shaft with the only organic feature the foetus within the creature's open rib-cage. The critic's response was almost universally hostile and abusive. 966:, which he had abandoned when called up. When exhibited at the Leicester Galleries in February 1920, the seven-foot figure of a gaunt, accusing Christ figure provoked a torrent of abuse towards Epstein, some of which was racist in nature. The controversy brought over a thousand people a day through the turnstiles of the Leicester Galleries for the exhibition. 2019:, mother of his three middle children, which continued until his death. Margaret tolerated Epstein's infidelities, allowed his models and lovers to live in the family home and raised Epstein's first child, Peggy Jean, who was the daughter of Meum Lindsell, one of Epstein's previous lovers, and his last, Jackie, whose mother was the painter 1455:, a seven foot high figure carved from a three-ton block of alabaster. The directors of the Leicester Galleries were reluctant to include the naked giant figure with his oversized genitals and muscles in Epstein's June 1939 exhibition but feared he would withdraw all his work from the gallery if they didn't accept it. 1068:

In 1927 Epstein agreed to hold an exhibition in New York at the Ferargil Gallery on West 47th Street and spent most of that year preparing fifty works for the show. The exhibition was a success, with several pieces selling including two bought by public collections. During his four months in America,

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By September 1912, after a prolonged dispute with the French customs authorities over the import duty payable, Wilde's tomb was installed in the Père Lachaise Cemetery. The Paris authorities deemed the monument offensive due to the flying creature's testicles and had it covered with a tarpaulin. They

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became the first of a series of such portraits of the child. In 1909, Epstein carved a stone version that he retained for the rest of his life. The 1908 controversy over the Strand statues left Epstein depressed and short of money. For the rest of 1908 he worked on portraits and small pieces, notably

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in concept and style, his works often shocked audiences. This was not only a result of their, often explicit, sexual content, but also because they abandoned the conventions of classical Greek sculpture favoured by European academic critics and sculptors, to experiment instead with the aesthetics of

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After the Second World War there was a notable change in attitudes to Epstein and, nearing seventy, he was about to enjoy a sustained period of recognition and one of the busiest periods of his artistic life. Early in 1950, he received his first commission in twenty years for a public monument, the

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and the new owners soon announced their intention to remove Epstein's statues from the building. A vigorous campaign was again launched to preserve the figures. The leaders of nine of Britain's leading art organisations, but notably not the Royal Academy, signed a letter supporting the preservation

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By 1926, the British Medical Association had vacated their Strand headquarters and the building was sold to the government of New Zealand which, in 1928, commissioned a structural survey of Epstein's 1908 statues. This survey found extensive signs of erosion, weathering and other damage among them.

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torso, which he had cast in gunmetal. When shown at the London Group in the summer of 1916, the torso appeared more of a victim than the menacing figure of the original sculpture. At this point Epstein began to concentrate less on avant-garde sculpture and embrace more figurative forms of working.

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work, including a reliquary figure, in Paris that year. By 1931 he owned over 200 pieces of ethnographic art and, eventually, built up one of the largest such private collections in existence with over a thousand objects. After his death, when the collection was broken up and sold at auction, the

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in central London. Osman's design featured a bridge that linked two parts of the complex and would support a large sculpture. The nuns were keen to have a sculpture of the Madonna and Child and planned to employ a Catholic sculptor for the work. Osman was determined to have a work by Epstein and,

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concluded that the 'incongruity' of the work was 'too difficult for the mind to grasp'. In May 1916, Epstein, apparently mortified at the continuing slaughter of the war, made the decision to break up the sculpture. He removed the drill entirely and reduced the upper figure to a legless one-armed

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was the plaster figure of a child, painted red, apparently crying or screaming. He created three marble sculptures of pairs of doves mating, the first two of which were shown in group exhibitions during 1913 and at his solo exhibition at the Twenty-One Gallery in December 1913. The reviews of all

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Such factors may have focused disproportionate attention on certain aspects of Epstein's long and productive career, throughout which he aroused hostility, especially challenging taboos surrounding the depiction of sexuality. He often produced controversial works that challenged ideas on what was

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instructed the owners to make the building safe. The owners declared all the projecting features of the statues to be unsafe and were to be removed. Attempts to find an alternative solution, such as removing and re-carving elements of the statues, were hindered when Epstein insulted the Southern

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As Epstein had become a naturalized British subject in December 1910 he was eligible for conscription into the British armed forces. After lobbying by Margaret Epstein, John Quinn and others, a three-month exemption from conscription was granted, which allowed Epstein to prepare for a major solo

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sculptures Epstein knew from the British Museum and featured, in his words "a vast, winged figure ... the conception of poet as messenger" with smaller figures representing Fame, Intellectual Pride and Luxury. In June 1912, Epstein had the completed tomb displayed in his London studio for public

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Without any commissions for large public monuments throughout the 1930s, Epstein worked on a number of large sculptures on religious subjects of personal significance to himself, while supporting his family with commissions for portrait busts and by selling paintings of flowers and landscapes.

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described Rima as "hideous, unnatural, unEnglish" and a question was asked in the House of Commons about "this specimen of Bolshevik art". The abuse aimed at Rima and Epstein lasted for years. The memorial was vandalised with paint in November 1925 and, at different times, during the 1930s was

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which included a recognition of Epstein's central role in the development of modern sculpture in Britain. "He took the brickbats, he took the insults, he faced the howls of derision with which artists since Rembrandt have learned to become familiar. And as far as sculpture in this century is

1056:. Epstein, wrote Conrad, "has produced a wonderful piece of work of a somewhat monumental dignity, and yet—everybody agrees—the likeness is striking." The Polish government refused to accept the work, completed a few months before Conrad died, and it was eventually, in 1960, acquired by the 653:, a wealthy American collector and patron to the modernists, visited Epstein's studio to view the Wilde tomb and quickly became the artist's major patron and collector of his work. After his death in 1924, several of Quinn's Epsteins were acquired by public collections in the United States. 1324:

depicted a squat Christ with a huge head that, in Epstein's words, was 'a symbol of man, bound, crowned with thorns and facing with a relentless and over-mastering gaze of pity and prescience our unhappy world'. First shown, unfinished, at the Leicester Galleries in March 1935,

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for Llandaff Cathedral. The cathedral had originally commissioned the figure to be made in gilded plaster but, after Epstein offered to pay for it to be cast in metal, the church authorities agreed to cover the cost of an aluminium casting. It was not until April 1957, that

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During 1958, Epstein was too ill to attend the unveiling of the war memorial he had carved at the centre of the TUC Headquarters in London, being in hospital with pleurisy and a thrombosis. While the TUC leadership made no secret of their hatred of the carving, several

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described Epstein as "a Sculptor in Revolt, who is in deadly conflict with the ideas of current sculpture." Revolting against ornate, pretty art, he made bold, often harsh and massive forms in bronze or stone. His sculpture is distinguished by its vigorous rough-hewn

1299:, Norfolk, and agreed to sit for Epstein over seven days. Epstein remembered his meeting with Einstein as, "His glance contained a mixture of the humane, the humorous and the profound. This was a combination which delighted me. He resembled the ageing Rembrandt." 251:

appropriate subject matter for public artworks. Epstein would often sculpt the images of friends, casual acquaintances, and even people he spotted on the street. He worked even on his dying day. He also painted; many of his watercolours and gouaches were of

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The start of World War I in 1914 saw the closure of a number of London art galleries and left Epstein in financial difficulties, unable to sell any work and with a large number of unfinished pieces. In March 1915, at a London Group exhibition at the

882:, and spent a period in hospital, he was discharged from the army in July 1918 without having left England. After the war ended, Muirhead Bone purchased, for the Imperial War Museum, three portrait busts of military subjects by Epstein including 525:

described the sculptures as "statuary which no careful father would wish his daughter, or no discriminating young man his fiancée to see." A police officer was called to climb the scaffolding to inspect the statues as was the Bishop of Stepney,

1080:, a five-storey house with a ballroom that became Epstein's studio and allowed him to start gathering together his unsold and unfinished works from various sheds and garages around London. He also retained Deerhurst, a cottage and studio at 1736:, agreed to cover the cost themselves. The convent agreed to Epstein's design provided he would listen to any suggestions they made. After Epstein accepted their concerns about the face of the Madonna and changed the head from one based on 838:

in February and March 1917. The exhibition drew large crowds and was a critical and commercial success. A further three-month exemption from conscription was granted, but after a press campaign featuring objections from, among others,

372:. Returning to Manhattan in June 1901 he worked in a bronze foundry while taking classes for sculptor's assistants at the Art Students League of New York. Epstein's first major commission was to illustrate Hutchins Hapgood's 1902 book 262:

Bronze portrait sculpture formed one of Epstein's staple products, and perhaps the best known. These sculptures were often executed with roughly textured surfaces, expressively manipulating small surface planes and facial details.

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was completed to a storm of criticism. A debate raged for some time over demands to remove the statues. To placate the railway board, Holden persuaded Epstein to modify the penis of the smaller of the two figures represented on

1339:, stating that the scale of the work was more suitable for a large church rather than an art gallery. Epstein never sold the work and it remained in his studio throughout his life. In 1958 he was approached by the rector of 1006:. By early 1923, he had produced a model of Hudson beside a tree, looking at a bird. The RSPB approved the design but the park authorities objected and requested a new design. Epstein's new design focused on the character, 601:

of a colossal monument to art, which Gill referred to "as a sort of twentieth-century Stonehenge." During the time they worked together, both Epstein and Gill produced significant works on similar themes, notably Epstein's

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MPs were greatly impressed and the critic Terence Mulally praised it as "a tragic monument on a grand scale." After spending time convalescing in Italy and France, Epstein resumed working, creating a portrait sculpture of

1436:. Commissioned to produce twenty drawings, Epstein created sixty illustrations that he considered among his best work in any medium, but when shown at Tooth's Gallery in December 1936, met with near universal disapproval. 3428: 2216:'s biography, during the early 1920s Moore visited Epstein in his studio and was befriended by the older sculptor. Epstein, Moore, and Hepworth all expressed deep fascination with non-western art in the British Museum. 1167:, a massive, marble, three-ton figure of a pregnant woman with a swollen belly and a face based on an African mask. When shown as part of Epstein's February 1930 exhibition at the Leicester Galleries, the response to 1580:

in early 1947. By then, Churchill was living in Hyde Park Gate across the road from Epstein and the two became friendly. Epstein had numerous casts of the Churchill bust made and it was among his most popular works.

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in his studio and met Margaret Dunlop, known as Peggy, (1873-1947) who encouraged him to visit London, which he did in 1904. There he spent some time viewing sculptures from African and Polynesian cultures in the

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Rhodesian High Commissioner in a press interview. The parts hacked off included the heads and hands of all eighteen figures, the feet of most of them and other key defining elements, such as the foetus from the

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The spectacle to which he referred was an 11-ft., 7-ton statue of Christ propped against the wall in London's swank Leicester Galleries, the latest work of a heavyset, U.S.-born Jewish sculptor, Jacob Epstein.

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Throughout the war, Epstein continued to paint flowers and woodland scenes of Epping Forest and hold commercially successful Christmas exhibitions of those works. He also worked on two large private projects,

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was made in October 1929, a few days before the Hudson memorial was defaced. The controversy affected Epstein's ability to gain commissions for large public works, which largely dried up for twenty years.

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art traditions as diverse as those of India, China, ancient Greece, West Africa and the Pacific Islands. His larger sculptures were his most expressive and experimental, but also his most vulnerable.

771:, which was too large for the Pett Level shed. By the summer of 1914 he was close to completing the work but could not afford to have it cast in steel and made the upper figure in plaster instead. 614:, was carved from a rectangular limestone block, which he retained, complete with chisel-marks, as a base for the child's head, so that it appeared as if the figure had emerged from the rock. Both 1845: 509:

Although the six figures representing aspects of medicine and science attracted little attention, the twelve statues representing different stages of life were greatly criticised, notably by the

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was of great personal significance to Epstein who had, throughout the first half of 1939, worked day and night on the figure. Alongside the usual outrage that greeted much of Epstein's work,

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to the abbey in his will. He agreed but local church members raised a petition that persuaded the church authorities to overrule the rector and refuse the gift. It was not until 1969, that

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Despite being married to and continuing to live with Margaret Dunlop, Epstein had a number of relationships with other women that brought him his five children: Peggy Jean (1918–2010),

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In art-historical terms, the Strand sculptures represented Epstein's first thoroughgoing attempt to break away from traditional European iconography in favour of elements derived from

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as the upper floors of the building were being built above him. Aware of the potential for controversy, he was not identified, in public at least, as the sculptor until May 1929 when

224:(10 November 1880 – 21 August 1959) was an American-British sculptor who helped pioneer modern sculpture. He was born in the United States, and moved to Europe in 1902, becoming a 530:, who approved of them. Several other public figures and artists defended the works and, at a meeting of its governing council in July 1908, the BMA agreed to keep them in place. 3574: 1815: 1320:

Throughout 1934 Epstein struggled with carving a huge block of marble that proved so tough it regularly broke his tools until he had a new set of instruments made for the work.

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Epstein spent the summer of 1933 at his cottage in Epping Forest and, in the space of two months, painted over a hundred landscapes and flower compositions. These were shown at

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In January 1924 the Leicester Galleries held their third exhibition of Epstein's works. The exhibition attracted few sales but did elicit a critical and damaging review in the

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After destroying the contents of his Paris studio, Epstein moved to London in 1905 with Dunlop, whom he married in November 1906. The couple lived at Stanhope Street near

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In 1900, the Hester Street tenement Epstein was living in burnt down and, as well as losing all his sketches and drawings, he became homeless. With the help of the local

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demanded that Epstein remove the offending parts or cover them up. He refused and on several occasions visited the cemetery and, with the help of friends including

585:. After several months, he changed his mind and destroyed that, almost-complete, monument in favour of a new design carved directly in stone. The decision to carve 3744: 1608:, based on a Bible story, depicts two figures, one winged, locked in an embrace carved from a four-ton block of alabaster, streaked with veins of pink and brown. 2196:

By 1912, Epstein had begun collecting west African, ancient Egyptian, pre-Columbian American, Oceanic and other non-western artworks, having purchased pieces of

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viewing. The work received positive reviews and was highly praised in the British press, including by publications that had been critical of the Strand statues.

5167: 2023:. Evidently, Margaret's tolerance did not extend to Epstein's relationship with Kathleen Garman, as in 1922 Margaret shot and wounded Kathleen in the shoulder. 1740:

to one modelled on her friend Marcella Bazrtti, the convent began working hard to raise funds for the sculpture to be cast in lead. Unveiled on 14 May 1953 by

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Among the most striking of these is an image of the Anglo-Jewish sculptor Jacob Epstein, a private in the 38th battalion, modelling a human figure out of sand

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led to a storm of criticism including accusations of blasphemy. Some newspapers considered the work so grotesque they refused to publish photographs of it.

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Margaret Epstein died in 1947 and he married Kathleen Garman in 1955. Their eldest daughter, also named Kathleen but known as "Kitty", married the painter

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Epstein's art is to be found all over the world. Highly original for its time, it substantially influenced the younger generation of sculptors such as

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in central London. The curtain, now lost, was considered a great success. Considerably less appreciated was Epstein's illustrations for an edition of

5182: 1785: 1561: 684:, each of whom influenced his future work. In May and June 1912, Epstein was among the artists hired to produce artworks for a new London nightclub, 354: 1171:

was vicious, not just from the popular press but from more serious journals. Epstein took particular exception to an insulting review by the artist

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raised objections. The scheduled departure of his regiment to the Middle East precipitated a breakdown in Epstein. After he was found wandering on

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While working on the Strand statues, Epstein was asked by Augustus John to create a portrait of his two-year-old son, Romilly. This 1907 bronze

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in Poland. The family was middle-class, owning a number of businesses and tenements, and Jacob was the third of their eight surviving children.

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Several attempts were made to have Epstein created an official war artist. His release from active service and secondment to the newly formed

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and began, in 1932, to carve a new relief on the rear side of the block, a hunched male figure with two infant forms across his body, titled

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that Christmas and these Christmas exhibition of his paintings became a popular annual event. During September 1933, on his way to America,

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Near the end of 1908, without any prior discussion or advance warning, Robbie Ross announced that Epstein was the chosen sculptor for a new

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with Bernard Gussrow and throughout 1904 and 1905 appears to have studied independently in various Paris museums. He regularly visited the

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in 1953 led to a dramatic reappraisal of Epstein's work in general and to more public commissions. That year he received commissions from

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in 1961. The exhibition included the four works that had been at Blackpool in Louis Tussaud's shows. After Epstein died the four works,

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which was published in 1940. Forty pages, a fifth of the book, was devoted to Epstein's account of the Strand sculptures controversy.

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which showed an infant emerging from the womb. He carved two figures of pregnant women, one of which was eventually acquired by the

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during 1951 and 1952, Epstein undertook other major projects. In August 1951 he travelled to the United States to view the site in

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In the second half of the 1930s alongside his sculpture work, Epstein took on other projects in different media. With the artist

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An article on Jacob Epstein's work on The National Archives website. Includes references to files held at The National Archives.

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and the Tate but several other museums did show interest and Epstein was pleased when the statue entered the collection of the

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unveiled the memorial on 19 May 1925, there were gasps of horror at the sight of the bare-breasted figure Epstein had created.

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in East Sussex. Using the garden shed there as a studio, over the next three years Epstein produced a number of notable works.

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and, after submitting numerous treatments of the figure, a final design was approved in February 1924. When Prime Minister

1931:. Epstein strongly suspected that Winston Churchill had nominated him for the honour. In 1955, he received a request from 5032: 5003: 2242: 1577: 2011:(1926–2011), Esther (1929–1954) and Jackie (1934–2009). In 1921, Epstein began the longest of these relationships, with 4730: 4647: 4616: 4498: 3599: 1685:

babies in jars. Placing his work within the context of freakish curiosity was a constant source of anguish to Epstein.

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these works, in both the popular press and the art journals, were almost universally hostile and insulting to Epstein.

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hosted a large retrospective exhibition of his work in September 1952 with fifty-nine sculptures and twenty drawings.

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A Caricature of a Sculptor. Jacob Epstein and the British Press: a critical analysis of old history and new evidence

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during 1906 and an oil painting included in the NEAC's December 1906 show. In 1907, Epstein moved his studio to 72

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as "unutterably loathsome" and Augustus John persuaded John Quinn not to buy it. Even the supportive reviewer for

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During 1936, Epstein started carving a large block of alabaster in his Hyde Park Gate studio. Inspired by Bach's

1385:, was being removed from the building, a piece of one figure was knocked off and fell to the pavement below. The 762: 581:, Paris. After a period spent studying Wilde's writings, Epstein designed a monument featuring a large statue of 342: 116: 4307: 2224: 1877:. Such was the scale and quantity of work Epstein took on, he was given the use of an extra large studio in the 1830: 4467: 4144: 4078: 3254: 3211: 3134: 2987: 1584: 975: 510: 20: 1204: 5232: 4254: 4045: 815: 103: 4494:"WH Hudson memorial (on the southwest edge of the Bird Sanctuary east of the West Carriage Drive) (1231572)" 1381:

of the statues. That campaign was a success until 1937 when, as some bunting, erected for the coronation of

4567: 1052:. Through Muirhead Bone, Epstein was commissioned by the government of Poland to create a portrait bust of 4902: 4015: 1905: 297: 5108: 4973: 2305: 2255: 2182: 1924: 1772: 1745: 871: 685: 495: 475: 3910:"Photographs of the former British Medical Association building with figures by Sir Jacob Epstein, 1930" 1495: 5202: 5025: 5017: 2471: 2289: 1764: 1640: 1399: 767: 346: 319: 51: 2030:

in 1948 and was the mother of his daughters Annie and Annabel. She is the subject of Freud's painting

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which he had been exhibiting in local fairs and fetes for its shock value. In Blackpool, he installed

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of New York City. His parents were Max Epstein, formerly Jarogenski or Jarudzinski, and Mary Epstein,

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flavour, though he did not attribute the "average unfavorable criticism" of his work to antisemitism.

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was employed by the nuns of the Convent of the Holy Child to rebuild their bomb-damaged buildings on

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and witnessed some of the anti-semitic abuse directed at the passing cortège. Epstein studied at the

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Epstein spent most of 1919 making portrait sculptures but also returned to work on a large bronze,

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Later in 1915 Epstein showed a number of portrait busts, including those of Iris Beerbohm-Tree and

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During his time in Paris defending the Wilde tomb, as well as Brancusi, Epstein met and befriended

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Throughout 1907 and 1908, Epstein created eighteen large sculptures for the second-floor façade of

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and they both carved portrait heads of Romilly John. Epstein's third Romilly John head, entitled

4864: 3314: 2270: 2177:, a collection of works by Epstein and other artists that she donated, in 1973, to the people of 1114: 844: 522: 467: 378:. Epstein used the money from the commission to leave New York City for Paris in September 1902. 99: 4160: 1376:

No further action was taken at that time but in 1935 the building was sold to the government of

1133:, regarded them as a major achievement. Starting in October 1928 Epstein carved the two figures 5142: 4966: 2309: 2174: 2115: 2080: 1288: 941: 650: 501: 4695:"War Memorials Register: Trade Union Victims of Two World Wars - The Spirit of Trade Unionism" 1635:, and the Seven Pillars of Wisdom Trust purchased it with the intention of donating it to the 5187: 5009: 4868: 4752: 3335: 2745:

In his discussion of the American-born Jewish sculptor Jacob Epstein, Hutchins Hapgood writes

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in an old song booth on the promenade behind an 'Adults Only' sign. Eventually Stafford sold

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A commission from Charles Holden for two sculptures for the new headquarters building of the

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where he began working on his first major public commission, a series of statues for the new

446:. With a reference from Rodin, Epstein gained access to a number of society figures, notably 233: 3989: 3499: 669:. Crowley subsequently presented Epstein with the fig-leaf from the tomb one evening at the 597:, about the formation of a religious brotherhood. They also planned the construction on the 410:

to view its collection of non-European sculpture, studied Indian and Far Eastern art in the

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On his second full day in Paris, during October 1902, Epstein saw the funeral procession of

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Sarah Crellin (2011). "Let There Be History". In Penelope Curtis & Keith Wilson (ed.).

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movement and contributing two illustrations to the first edition of the Vorticist magazine

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in Cardiff and, from the British Government, a commission for a statue of Field Marshall

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as a tall, winged, androgynous figure with male genitals and a female face, that of the

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In 1961, two hundred plaster casts by Epstein were donated by Kathleen Garman to the

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Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde

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and the Bowater House Group, which he completed on the day he died in August 1959.

1956: 1947:, TUC, for a war memorial for their new headquarters building. The following year, 1720: 1545: 1415: 1029: 840: 666: 518: 439: 350: 341:

and he left school aged thirteen. Between 1893 and 1898 he attended classes at the

279: 3056: 5090: 5084: 5079: 4929: 3459: 3126: 2705: 2076: 2020: 2012: 2004: 1737: 1682: 1557: 1440: 1352: 1292: 1245: 1017: 875: 852: 818:. During 1916, the Epsteins left Pett Level and moved to Guildford Street in the 537:. The female figures in particular incorporated the posture and hand gestures of 284:

concerned he took them first.... We have lost a great sculptor and a great man."

225: 204: 173: 4940: 625: 411: 4807: 4783: 2528: 2419: 2397: 2319: 2297:(symbolising 'the terrible Frankenstein's monster we have made ourselves into') 2259: 2123: 2016: 1760: 1632: 1628: 1367: 1279: 1130: 1129:

were criticised as indecent, ugly and primitive although some critics, notably

1077: 1012: 811: 781: 594: 586: 491: 487: 427: 358: 239: 87: 730:

for three months, the Epsteins moved to a secluded bungalow in the village of

714: 5136: 4888: 4884: 4845: 4224: 3199: 3028: 2513: 2166: 2139: 1952: 1915: 1729: 1674: 1460: 1335: 1330: 1211: 1085: 1053: 1038: 856: 689: 558: 463: 459: 394:

from October 1902 until March 1903 and then, from April 1903 to 1904, at the

327: 252: 2048: 1992: 353:. Epstein spent the winter of 1899 working as an ice-cutter with his friend 5096: 4259: 3273: 3242: 2430: 2357: 2341: 2328: 2071:

Epstein died in August 1959 at his Hyde Park Gate home and was interred in

2037: 2027: 2008: 1932: 1653:

was bought by a businessman, Charles Stafford, who already owned Epstein's

1565: 1228: 1070: 802: 738: 727: 688:, which brought him into contact with a number of younger artists, notably 658: 598: 403: 267: 208: 4852:, (Leeds: Leeds City Art Galleries; London: Whitechapel Art Gallery, 1987) 1175:. After a break of almost twenty years, Epstein returned to the sculpture 266:

Epstein was Jewish, and negative reviews of his work sometimes took on an

5102: 4880: 4282:"Jerusalem Museum to Get 200 Original Plaster Casts by Sir Jacob Epstein" 3033: 2401: 2205: 2197: 2079:, Dean of Canterbury. A memorial service was held on 10 November 1959 at 2052: 2036:. In 1953 they divorced. She married a second time in 1955, to economist 1899: 1716: 1620: 1340: 1126: 1048: 793: 693: 471: 451: 274: 243: 1470:

formed the frontispiece of the first edition of Epstein's autobiography

1451:

wounds on his hands and feet visible. Epstein began, in 1938, to sculpt

331: 5120: 4726:"Congress House including forecourt and courtyard sculptures (1113223)" 3336:

Video of a Lecture detailing Epstein's Debts to Indian Temple Sculpture

2170: 2090:

A memorial exhibition of 170 sculptures by Epstein was held during the

1741: 1433: 1025: 819: 731: 387: 466:. He had a wax model shown in a large exhibition of Jewish art at the 5114: 4872: 3356:..Unto Heaven Will I Ascend. Jacob Epstein's Inspired Years 1930-1969 2975: 2213: 1870: 1616: 1382: 1043: 697: 634: 590: 430:, all of which were to have a profound influence on his future work. 4522:

Art in Parliament - The Permanent Collection of the House of Commons

2525:

Trade Union Victims of Two World Wars – The Spirit of Trade Unionism

784:, Epstein exhibited several works, including the Flenite pieces and 4519: 3278:"How Jacob Epsteins's early works revolutionised British sculpture" 1976:

sculpture. Epstein's final works included a posthumous portrait of

1725: 1639:

in Cambridge. The Fitzwilliam refused the donation as did both the

1448: 1403: 1081: 879: 860: 662: 546: 538: 521:

sensibilities was taken up by various newspapers. In June 1908 the

338: 4812:'The Hyde Park atrocity': Epstein's Rima: creation and controversy 3963: 3528:. Michael Joseph, The Imperial War Museum & the Tate Gallery. 3526:

The War Artists, British Official War Art of the Twentieth Century

3523: 1069:

Epstein made three portrait busts, most notably one of the singer

4838:

Raquel Gilboa, Jacob Epstein's model Meum: Unpublished drawings,

4826:...And There Was Sculpture; Epstein's Formative Years (1880–1930) 2178: 1612: 741:, which he called Flenite, and used it for sculptures, including 681: 642: 542: 4958: 4906: 4863:

Carving mountains: modern stone sculptures in England 1907–37:

4324: 3889:

Digital Media The Courtauld Connects' Digitisation Project Blog

696:. This led to Epstein becoming associated with the short-lived 443: 407: 255:, where he lived for a time. These were often exhibited at the 4229:. London: The Estate of Francis Bacon Publishing. p. 53. 3070:

Schreiber, Mordecai; Schiff, Alvin I.; Klenicki, Leon (2003).

2150:

collection alongside several other works by Epstein including

1881:. There he worked on the three large figure groups comprising 737:

At Pett Level, Epstein became aware of the dark green mineral

323: 1552:. After completing bronze busts of Admiral of the Fleet Sir 490:'s new building for the British Medical Association, BMA, on 422: 4814:(Leeds: Henry Moore Centre for the Study of Sculpture, 1988) 2777:

Anglo-Jewish Poetry from Isaac Rosenberg to Elaine Feinstein

2774: 1677:. Tussaud returned the works to Blackpool where, along with 1117:

generated further controversy in 1929. Epstein's sculptures

517:

and the male nudes, were sexually explicit and insulting to

3455:"Memorial for Oscar Wilde's grave in Paris - archive, 1912" 2294: 2147: 1776: 1418:, he designed and painted the stage curtain for the ballet 1007: 874:

in December 1917 but promptly withdrawn after the sculptor

750: 4108:"Saved from obscurity: Epstein's 'Adam' at Harewood House" 1398:. Several of these pieces were eventually acquired by the 1028:

ran the headline "Take this horror out of the Park" while

3304: 2646: 1548:, Epstein was asked to undertake six commissions for the 32: 1767:

had commissioned him to create a large sculpture group,

1447:, a horizontal figure of the crucified Christ with the 1024:

organised a petition to have the memorial removed. The

765:

and used a garage in the adjacent mews to began work on

4779:

Below is an overview of key texts relating to Epstein:

3069: 1939:, to produce a small maquette for a giant sculpture of 4916: 649:

Following an introduction from Augustus John in 1910,

4524:. Jarrod Publishing & The Palace of Westminster. 4415:

A Companion Guide to the Welsh National Museum of Art

4377:, A William Abrahams Book, E.P. Dutton, New York 1987 2201:

British Museum purchased several substantial pieces.

761:

In London, Epstein rented a room above a bookshop in

568: 5223:

Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire

3123:

Embracing the Exotic: Jacob Epstein and Dora Gordine

1402:

and one of the heads was later found at a school in

4720: 4637: 4606: 4488: 4308:"Collections Archive - The New Art Gallery Walsall" 4079:"Miracle or monstrosity ? Story of an artwork" 1925:

Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire

1771:; he was one of 250 sculptors who exhibited in the 1712:and installed in the chapel there in January 1952. 1568:, Epstein accepted a commission to create busts of 1362: 3204:The Sculpture of Epstein with a Complete Catalogue 3032: 2737:Painting a People: Maurycy Gottlieb and Jewish Art 4464:"The story of Jacob Epstein's "Rock Drill"; Tate" 4412: 4390:Frederick A. Praeger, Publishers, New York, 1966 4252: 4206:"Three sisters with a love, and lust, for life". 4139:. Welsh Arts Council, University of Wales Press. 2756: 2668: 2185:. Ryan also donated Epstein's 1927 seated bronze 2075:on 24 August 1959 with a service conducted by Dr 1775:held there in the summer of 1949. In London, the 1371:Remains of three of the Strand sculptures in 2023 5134: 4105: 3964:Penelope Curtis & Keith Wilson, ed. (2011). 3358:. Paul Holberton Publishing Ltd. pp. 124–5. 2463:– lead – Convent of the Holy Child Jesus, London 442:before moving to the Stamford Street Studios in 4819:Jacob Epstein: Artist Against the Establishment 4795:Carving a Legacy: The Identity of Jacob Epstein 3819: 3768: 3687: 3300: 3298: 2781:with the American-Jewish sculptor Jacob Epstein 2759:Portraying 'the Jew' in First World War Britain 2734: 1724:without consulting the nuns, had him produce a 1343:in Yorkshire, who asked if Epstein would leave 994:In 1922, Epstein secured a commission from the 788:plus, for the first, and only, time in public, 726:Early in 1913, after living in rented rooms in 454:and to a circle of artists associated with the 4643:"Statue of Field Marshall Jan Smuts (1226373)" 4137:Art in Wales: An Illustrated History 1850-1980 4076: 3882: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 1394:statue and the figure of a new-born baby from 1046:and an unsigned and overtly racist article in 633:Epstein spent nine months in Gill's studio at 481: 4974: 4831:Raquel Gilboa, Epstein and 'Adam' Revisited, 4248: 4246: 4226:Out of the Cage: The Art of Isabel Rawsthorne 4043: 3854: 3426: 3353: 3198: 3027: 2792: 1076:In early 1928 the Epstein family moved to 18 4568:"Two monumental sculptures arrive on campus" 4520:Malcolm Hay & Jacqueline Riding (1996). 4329:The Riverside Church in the City of New York 4222: 4101: 4099: 4013: 3793: 3295: 3272: 3241: 2651:. Oxford University Press. pp. 103–164. 2621: 2189:, which she had bought in the 1930s, to the 2055:located at 18 Hyde Park Gate, London SW7 5DH 1033:defaced with swastikas and fascist slogans. 505:BMA Building July 1908 Agar Street Elevation 5168:American alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts 4859:(PhD Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009) 4169:(Supplement). 29 December 1953. p. 10. 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3524:Merion Harries & Susie Harries (1983). 3305:Rupert Richard Arrowsmith (November 2008). 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 2655: 292: 5228:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom 4981: 4967: 4243: 4134: 3878: 3876: 3739: 3737: 3480: 3452: 3341:London University School of Advanced Study 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3043:(online ed.). Oxford University Press 3023: 3021: 3019: 2169:in Jerusalem. With Epstein's former pupil 1463:'s fascist group threatened to attack it. 50: 19:For other people named Jacob Epstein, see 4546:"Pintando con luz - Social Consciousness" 4388:Henry Moore: A study of his life and work 4319: 4317: 4130: 4128: 4096: 3660:"Jacob Epstein's RIMA Damaged by Vandals" 3422: 3420: 3418: 3367: 3365: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2980:Demons and Angels A Life of Jacob Epstein 2974: 2624:Wild Thing Epstein, Gaudier-Brzeska, Gill 1943:; he also received a commission from the 996:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 5183:American people of Polish-Jewish descent 4159: 4063: 4007: 3957: 3940:"Sir Jacob Epstein - "Consummation Est"" 3839: 3796:"Einstein captured in bronze as he fled" 3550:"Search our collections - Jacob Epstein" 3494: 3492: 3268: 3266: 3220: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2597:Let there be sculpture: an autobiography 2269:– limestone – portrait of Romily John – 2223: 2219: 2058: 2047: 1991: 1904: 1583: 1366: 1355:, was finally installed in the ruins of 1309: 1101: 985: 824: 713: 624: 500: 296: 5198:English people of Polish-Jewish descent 4936:Londonist.com – Jacob Epstein in London 4797:(PhD Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010) 4594:"News: Liverpool News - Liverpool Echo" 4037: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3873: 3734: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3600:"Petition against Jacob Epstein's RIMA" 3517: 3307:"Jacob Epstein – the Indian connection" 3143: 3088: 3040:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2132:Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art 1851:Trade Union Congress War Memorial, 1955 859:, stationed at the Crownhill barracks, 709: 165: 1906; died 1947) 56:Jacob Epstein, photographed in 1921 by 5135: 4903:331 artworks by or after Jacob Epstein 4804:, Art and Christianity 66, Summer 2011 4403:, Harry H. Abrams, Inc., New York 1968 4314: 4125: 3654: 3652: 3415: 3362: 2996: 2586:The sculptor speaks: Jacob Epstein to 981: 330:and whose families had emigrated from 4962: 4850:Jacob Epstein: sculpture and drawings 4600: 4253:Cressida Connolly (19 January 2011). 3982: 3489: 3446: 3398:"Catalogue entry: Euphemia Lamb 1908" 3263: 2775:Peter Lawson, Anthony Rudolf (2006). 2610: 2087:hung in the cathedral for the event. 16:American-British sculptor (1880–1959) 4612:"Lewis's Department Store (1391992)" 4342: 4106:Angelia Dearlove (5 February 2009). 3990:"War Artists Archive: Jacob Epstein" 3927: 3618: 3373:"Jacob Epstein - Romilly John, 1907" 2811: 2761:. Vallentine Mitchell. p. 165. 1604:. First exhibited in February 1942, 755:Cursed Be the Day wherein I was Born 5054:St Michael's Victory over the Devil 3649: 2779:. Vallentine Mitchell. p. 84. 2671:"Jacob Epstein: Sculptor in Revolt" 2537:St Michael's Victory over the Devil 2243:List of sculptures by Jacob Epstein 2240:For a more comprehensive list, see 2230:St Michael's Victory over the Devil 2043: 1941:St Michael's Victory over the Devil 1822:St Michael's Victory over the Devil 955: 433: 13: 4774: 4731:National Heritage List for England 4648:National Heritage List for England 4617:National Heritage List for England 4499:National Heritage List for England 3883:Leonora Monson (24 January 2020). 2647:Rupert Richard Arrowsmith (2011). 2590:, a series of conversations on art 2503:statue of Field Marshall Jan Smuts 1611:Epstein imagined the fallen angel 1302: 569:The Tomb of Oscar Wilde, 1908–1912 381: 14: 5249: 4988: 4896: 4401:The Sculpture of Barbara Hepworth 4223:Carol Jacobi (18 February 2021). 3820:Richard Harries (14 March 2014). 2982:. Carroll & Graf Publishers. 2441:Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery 2381:– seated bronze – donated to the 1935:, the architect building the new 1645:Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery 337:As a child Epstein suffered from 4044:Adrian Murphy (21 August 2022). 3773:. Avon Publishing. p. 603. 3429:"Sun God (verso: Primeval Gods)" 3072:The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia 2110:, were bought by a group led by 1987: 1844: 1829: 1814: 1799: 1784: 1752:met with near universal praise. 1627:remained unsold until 1946 when 1524: 1509: 1494: 1479: 1363:The Strand sculptures, 1935–1937 1271: 1254: 1237: 1220: 1203: 1188: 1091: 940: 925: 910: 895: 4950:Works by or about Jacob Epstein 4892:(Cambridge: Kettles Yard, 1998) 4745: 4714: 4687: 4662: 4631: 4586: 4560: 4538: 4513: 4482: 4456: 4431: 4417:. National Museum Wales Books. 4406: 4393: 4380: 4367: 4300: 4274: 4216: 4199: 4173: 4153: 4046:"Lucifer at home in Birmingham" 3902: 3813: 3787: 3762: 3709: 3681: 3604:Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia 3592: 3567: 3542: 3474: 3453:James Bone (12 February 2020). 3390: 3347: 3329: 3063: 2741:University Press of New England 2709:. 25 March 1935. Archived from 2578: 2122:is now in the entrance hall of 1972:and starting work on the large 1550:War Artists' Advisory Committee 1539: 1466:A photograph of the unfinished 1063: 974:and eventually acquired by the 561:and his first portrait bust of 414:and artworks from China in the 368:he took a job as a farmhand in 343:Art Students League of New York 186: 162: 117:Art Students League of New York 5178:American expatriates in France 5158:20th-century British sculptors 5026:Torso in Metal from Rock Drill 3944:National Galleries of Scotland 3794:Jon Cronshaw (26 April 2013). 3631:"Jacob Epstein: A London Walk" 3485:. Pantheon Books. p. 202. 3129:/ Papadakis Publishing. 2006. 2786: 2768: 2750: 2728: 2693: 2640: 2599:(London: Michael Joseph, 1940) 2007:, known as Theo, (1924–1954), 1889:figure and parts of the giant 1856: 1154: 976:National Galleries of Scotland 774: 511:National Vigilance Association 231:Early in his career, in 1912, 21:Jacob Epstein (disambiguation) 1: 5173:American emigrants to England 4077:Stuart Tullock (1 May 2011). 4014:Mary Horlock (11 June 1997). 3822:"Setting his face like flint" 3695:. Camden House. p. 568. 3074:. Schreiber Pub. p. 33. 2603: 1409: 1351:, donated by Epstein's widow 1002:to the author and naturalist 990:Detail of the Hudson memorial 618:, and another carving called 5238:Sculptors from New York City 3771:Einstein: The Life and Times 3057:UK public library membership 2592:(London: W. Heinemann, 1931) 2262:– mutilated / destroyed 1937 1702:. Epstein's 1947 carving of 1333:wrote a positive review for 287: 7: 4325:"Selected art at Riverside" 3579:National Galleries Scotland 3249:. Tate Gallery Publishing. 2797:. READ Books. p. 180. 2306:Yale University Art Gallery 2256:British Medical Association 2183:The New Art Gallery Walsall 2142:in Manchester. Since 1996, 1951:commissioned a memorial to 1773:3rd Sculpture International 1746:Chancellor of the Exchequer 1146:. An attempt to vandalise 970:was bought by the explorer 686:The Cave of the Golden Calf 549:art from the subcontinent. 482:The Strand sculptures, 1908 476:British Medical Association 326:Solomon, both of whom were 10: 5254: 4913:9 artworks by Jacob Epstei 4413:Oliver Fairclough (2011). 3500:"Catalogue entry: "Doves"" 2757:Alyson Pendlebury (2006). 2675:Courtauld Institute of Art 2669:Grace Brockington (2004). 2481:– 5.5m aluminium figure – 2472:University of Pennsylvania 2040:. They have one daughter. 1765:Philadelphia Museum of Art 1641:Victoria and Albert Museum 1400:National Gallery of Canada 1322:Behold the Man (Ecce Homo) 998:, RSPB, for a memorial in 18: 5072: 5033:Bust of Winston Churchill 4996: 4286:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 3968:. Royal Academy of Arts. 3859:. Royal Academy of Arts. 3721:National Portrait Gallery 3667:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2701:"ART: Familiar Sensation" 2626:. Royal Academy of Arts. 2411:– bronze – numerous casts 2193:, New York City in 1960. 1923:Epstein was appointed an 1763:, Philadelphia where the 1578:bust of Winston Churchill 1058:National Portrait Gallery 847:, plus a question in the 718:Epstein's 1913 sculpture 637:carving, from a block of 535:classical India sculpture 199: 143: 135: 109: 95: 76: 64: 49: 30: 3966:Modern British Sculpture 3857:Modern British Sculpture 3769:Ronald W. Clark (2001). 2735:Ezra Mendelsohn (2002). 1688: 1673:which he also owned, to 1163:In 1929, Epstein carved 822:area of central London. 629:Monument of Oscar Wilde. 402:. He shared a studio in 375:The Spirit of the Ghetto 370:Southboro, Massachusetts 314:Epstein was born at 102 307:The Spirit of the Ghetto 302:A type of a laboring man 293:Early life and education 58:George Charles Beresford 5213:Jewish Legion personnel 5208:Jewish American artists 4928:7 December 2011 at the 4840:The Burlington Magazine 4833:The British Art Journal 4788:Jacob Epstein: sculptor 4443:National Museum Cardiff 4375:The Life of Henry Moore 4255:"Kitty Godley obituary" 3745:"Deviation Case Labels" 3315:The Burlington Magazine 2558:The Bowater House Group 2409:Head of Albert Einstein 2385:, New York City in 1960 2271:National Museum Cardiff 2152:Sun God / Primeval Gods 2083:with a plaster cast of 1748:, the Cavendish Square 1715:In 1947, the architect 1125:above the entrances of 1115:London Electric Railway 888:Sergeant D F Hunter, VC 523:London Evening Standard 468:Whitechapel Art Gallery 398:where he was taught by 5193:English male sculptors 5163:Académie Julian alumni 4941:Works by Jacob Epstein 4821:(London: Joseph, 1992) 4550:titilos.sorocabana.com 3635:the Equiano Centre UCL 3483:The Life of Ezra Pound 3427:Emma Chambers (2011). 3354:Raquel Gilboa (2013). 2795:Let There Be Sculpture 2793:Jacob Epstein (2007). 2310:New Haven, Connecticut 2282:Père Lachaise Cemetery 2237: 2175:Garman Ryan Collection 2068: 2056: 2000: 1920: 1592: 1472:Let There Be Sculpture 1424:Duke of York's Theatre 1372: 1317: 1110: 1010:, from Hudson's novel 991: 830: 723: 630: 579:Père Lachaise Cemetery 506: 311: 4869:Henri Gaudier-Brzeska 3693:Joseph Conrad: A Life 3031:(24 September 2014). 2622:Richard Cork (2009). 2372:Palace of Westminster 2227: 2220:Selected major pieces 2173:, Garman created the 2146:has been part of the 2062: 2051: 1995: 1929:1954 New Year Honours 1919:, 1959, unveiled 1961 1908: 1587: 1387:London County Council 1370: 1313: 1105: 989: 972:Apsley Cherry-Garrard 829:Private Jacob Epstein 828: 722:in its original form. 717: 628: 504: 300: 234:The Pall Mall Gazette 5233:People from Loughton 5087:(second wife, model) 4835:, Winter 2004, 73–79 4790:(London: Faber 1963) 3885:"The Strand Statues" 3034:"Epstein, Sir Jacob" 2468:Social Consciousness 2404:, St. James', London 2366:1926 bronze bust of 2073:Putney Vale Cemetery 2065:Putney Vale Cemetery 1982:Houses of Parliament 1945:Trade Union Congress 1883:Social Consciousness 1879:Royal College of Art 1769:Social Consciousness 1647:, where it remains. 1295:spent some weeks at 918:Doves Second Version 710:Pett Level 1913–1916 478:building in London. 456:New English Art Club 392:École des Beaux-Arts 273:After Epstein died, 127:École des Beaux-Arts 5046:Liverpool Resurgent 5039:Statue of Jan Smuts 4800:Jonathan Cronshaw, 4793:Jonathan Cronshaw, 4700:Imperial War Museum 4350:"Sir Jacob Epstein" 4212:. 9 September 2004. 4135:Eric Rowan (1985). 4018:Jacob and the Angel 3994:Imperial War Museum 3554:Imperial War Museum 3481:Noel Stock (1970). 2713:on 22 December 2011 2570:– gilded plaster – 2491:Liverpool Resurgent 2455:New College, Oxford 2427:Jacob and the Angel 2233:(1958), on the new 2144:Jacob and the Angel 2096:Jacob and the Angel 2081:St Paul's Cathedral 2063:Epstein's grave at 1974:Bowater House Group 1911:Bowater House Group 1887:Liverpool Resurgent 1837:Liverpool Resurgent 1710:New College, Oxford 1700:Festival of Britain 1663:Jacob and the Angel 1659:Jacob and the Angel 1651:Jacob and the Angel 1606:Jacob and the Angel 1598:Jacob and the Angel 1589:Jacob and the Angel 1576:. He completed the 1263:George Bernard Shaw 982:The Hudson memorial 868:Imperial War Museum 836:Leicester Galleries 575:tomb of Oscar Wilde 448:George Bernard Shaw 366:settlement movement 277:wrote a tribute in 257:Leicester Galleries 71:New York City, U.S. 5010:Oscar Wilde's tomb 5004:List of sculptures 4757:Llandaff Cathedral 4470:on 23 January 2018 4209:Camden New Journal 4166:The London Gazette 4050:Birmingham Museums 3800:The Yorkshire Post 3575:"The Risen Christ" 2542:Coventry Cathedral 2483:Llandaff Cathedral 2278:Oscar Wilde's tomb 2238: 2235:Coventry Cathedral 2092:Edinburgh Festival 2069: 2057: 2001: 1978:David Lloyd George 1937:Coventry Cathedral 1921: 1867:Llandaff Cathedral 1637:Fitzwilliam Museum 1593: 1560:, Air Marshal Sir 1373: 1357:Coventry Cathedral 1318: 1111: 1022:Arthur Conan Doyle 992: 872:Field Marshal Haig 834:exhibition at the 831: 724: 631: 507: 458:, NEAC, including 312: 5203:English sculptors 5130: 5129: 5062:The Rush of Green 4945:Project Gutenberg 4867:, Jacob Epstein, 4817:Stephen Gardner, 4674:Westminster Abbey 4424:978-0-72-000613-1 4399:Hammacher, A.M., 4373:Berthoud, Roger, 4236:978-0-500-97105-5 3780:978-0-380-01159-9 3702:978-1-57113-347-2 3669:. 28 October 1936 3081:978-1-887563-77-2 3055:(Subscription or 2804:978-1-4067-2981-8 2681:on 9 January 2023 2633:978-1-905711-46-8 2588:Arnold L. Haskell 2568:Christ in Majesty 2562:Hyde Park, London 2549:The Rush of Green 2518:Westminster Abbey 2507:Parliament Square 2479:Christ in Majesty 2461:Madonna and Child 2451:Hopton Wood stone 2379:Madonna and Child 2362:Hyde Park, London 2347:Kemper Art Museum 2334:Leeds Art Gallery 2187:Madonna and Child 2085:Christ in Majesty 2033:Portrait of Kitty 1970:Princess Margaret 1949:Westminster Abbey 1896:Christ in Majesty 1891:Christ in Majesty 1885:during 1953, the 1875:Parliament Square 1863:Madonna and Child 1807:Madonna and Child 1792:Christ in Majesty 1757:Madonna and Child 1755:While working on 1750:Madonna and Child 1631:, the brother of 1574:Winston Churchill 1554:Andrew Cunningham 1487:Madonna and Child 1429:Les Fleurs du mal 1378:Southern Rhodesia 1000:Hyde Park, London 843:and the sculptor 763:Devonshire Street 639:Hopton Wood stone 587:directly in stone 528:Cosmo Gordon Lang 400:Jean-Paul Laurens 217:Sir Jacob Epstein 214: 213: 90:, London, England 5245: 5218:Jewish sculptors 4983: 4976: 4969: 4960: 4959: 4954:Internet Archive 4877:Barbara Hepworth 4842:, CXVII, 837–380 4768: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4722:Historic England 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4639:Historic England 4635: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4608:Historic England 4604: 4598: 4597: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4574:. 23 August 2019 4564: 4558: 4557: 4552:. Archived from 4542: 4536: 4535: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4490:Historic England 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4466:. Archived from 4460: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4410: 4404: 4397: 4391: 4384: 4378: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4321: 4312: 4311: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4288:. 25 August 1961 4278: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4250: 4241: 4240: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4181:"Jackie Epstein" 4177: 4171: 4170: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4132: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4103: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4074: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3936: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3880: 3871: 3870: 3852: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3766: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3741: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3664: 3656: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3627: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3496: 3487: 3486: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3424: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3369: 3360: 3359: 3351: 3345: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3311: 3302: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3276:(4 March 2021). 3270: 3261: 3260: 3239: 3218: 3217: 3196: 3141: 3140: 3119: 3086: 3085: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3036: 3025: 2994: 2993: 2972: 2809: 2808: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2677:. Archived from 2666: 2653: 2652: 2644: 2638: 2637: 2619: 2595:Epstein, Jacob, 2584:Epstein, Jacob, 2572:Riverside Church 2496:Lewis's Building 2383:Riverside Church 2368:Ramsay MacDonald 2210:Barbara Hepworth 2191:Riverside Church 2044:Death and legacy 1913:, also known as 1873:to be placed in 1848: 1833: 1818: 1803: 1788: 1721:Cavendish Square 1546:Second World War 1528: 1513: 1498: 1483: 1416:Bernard Meninsky 1280:Haile Selassie I 1275: 1258: 1241: 1224: 1207: 1192: 1030:the Morning Post 968:The Risen Christ 964:The Risen Christ 957:The Risen Christ 944: 929: 914: 899: 870:was approved by 849:House of Commons 841:G. K. Chesterton 667:Aleister Crowley 434:London 1905–1907 421:Epstein visited 351:Hutchins Hapgood 280:The Sunday Times 223: 190: 188: 166: 164: 83: 68:10 November 1880 54: 44: 28: 27: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5243: 5242: 5133: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5091:Theodore Garman 5085:Kathleen Garman 5080:Epstein Archive 5068: 4992: 4987: 4930:Wayback Machine 4899: 4824:Raquel Gilboa, 4777: 4775:Further reading 4772: 4771: 4761: 4759: 4751: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4734: 4719: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4670:"William Blake" 4668: 4667: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4636: 4632: 4622: 4620: 4605: 4601: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4577: 4575: 4566: 4565: 4561: 4556:on 24 May 2007. 4544: 4543: 4539: 4532: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4425: 4411: 4407: 4398: 4394: 4386:Read, Herbert, 4385: 4381: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4323: 4322: 4315: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4280: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4251: 4244: 4237: 4221: 4217: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4190: 4188: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4133: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4104: 4097: 4087: 4085: 4075: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4042: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3976: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3938: 3937: 3928: 3918: 3916: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3881: 3874: 3867: 3853: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3767: 3763: 3753: 3751: 3743: 3742: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3717:"Joseph Conrad" 3715: 3714: 3710: 3703: 3689:Zdzisław Najder 3686: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3629: 3628: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3536: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3506: 3498: 3497: 3490: 3479: 3475: 3465: 3463: 3460:TheGuardian.com 3451: 3447: 3437: 3435: 3425: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3381: 3379: 3377:Ben Uri Gallery 3371: 3370: 3363: 3352: 3348: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3309: 3303: 3296: 3286: 3284: 3271: 3264: 3257: 3240: 3221: 3214: 3197: 3144: 3137: 3127:Ben Uri Gallery 3121: 3120: 3089: 3082: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3046: 3044: 3026: 2997: 2990: 2973: 2812: 2805: 2791: 2787: 2773: 2769: 2755: 2751: 2743:. p. 240. 2733: 2729: 2716: 2714: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2684: 2682: 2667: 2656: 2645: 2641: 2634: 2620: 2611: 2606: 2581: 2574:, New York City 2552:(also known as 2349:, St. Louis, MO 2295:Tate Collection 2222: 2212:. According to 2181:, exhibited at 2154:, a version of 2128:Consummatum Est 2104:Consummatum Est 2077:Hewlett Johnson 2046: 2021:Isabel Nicholas 2013:Kathleen Garman 2005:Theodore Garman 1990: 1861:The success of 1859: 1852: 1849: 1840: 1834: 1825: 1819: 1810: 1804: 1795: 1789: 1738:Kathleen Garman 1698:, for the 1951 1696:Youth Advancing 1691: 1671:Consummatum Est 1558:Alan Cunningham 1542: 1535: 1529: 1520: 1514: 1505: 1499: 1490: 1484: 1445:Consummatum Est 1441:Mass in B minor 1412: 1365: 1353:Kathleen Garman 1308: 1293:Albert Einstein 1289:Tooth's Gallery 1283: 1276: 1267: 1259: 1250: 1246:Albert Einstein 1242: 1233: 1225: 1216: 1208: 1199: 1193: 1157: 1100: 1066: 1018:Stanley Baldwin 984: 960: 951: 945: 936: 930: 921: 915: 906: 900: 876:George Frampton 855:, known as the 853:Royal Fusiliers 777: 747:Flenite Relief, 712: 571: 484: 436: 416:Musée Cernuschi 396:Académie Julian 384: 382:Paris 1902–1905 361:in New Jersey. 355:Bernard Gussrow 320:Lower East Side 295: 290: 226:British subject 219: 195: 192: 189: 1955) 184: 180: 177: 176: 174:Kathleen Garman 168: 160: 156: 153: 152:Margaret Dunlop 131: 122:Académie Julian 110:Alma mater 91: 85: 81: 72: 69: 60: 45: 40: 38: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5251: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5124: 5118: 5112: 5106: 5100: 5094: 5088: 5082: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5066: 5058: 5050: 5042: 5036: 5030: 5029:(c. 1913–1916) 5022: 5021:(c. 1913–1915) 5014: 5006: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4993: 4986: 4985: 4978: 4971: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4947: 4938: 4933: 4920: 4910: 4898: 4897:External links 4895: 4894: 4893: 4860: 4855:Colin Turner, 4853: 4843: 4836: 4829: 4828:(London, 2009) 4822: 4815: 4808:Terry Friedman 4805: 4798: 4791: 4784:Richard Buckle 4776: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4753:"The Majestas" 4744: 4713: 4686: 4661: 4630: 4599: 4585: 4559: 4537: 4530: 4512: 4481: 4455: 4430: 4423: 4405: 4392: 4379: 4366: 4354:British Museum 4341: 4313: 4299: 4273: 4242: 4235: 4215: 4198: 4172: 4152: 4145: 4124: 4095: 4062: 4036: 4006: 3981: 3974: 3956: 3926: 3901: 3872: 3865: 3838: 3812: 3786: 3779: 3761: 3733: 3708: 3701: 3680: 3648: 3637:. October 2019 3617: 3606:. 9 March 2022 3591: 3566: 3541: 3534: 3516: 3488: 3473: 3445: 3414: 3389: 3361: 3346: 3328: 3294: 3262: 3255: 3219: 3212: 3142: 3135: 3087: 3080: 3062: 2995: 2988: 2810: 2803: 2785: 2767: 2749: 2727: 2692: 2654: 2639: 2632: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2600: 2593: 2580: 2577: 2576: 2575: 2564: 2544: 2532: 2529:Congress House 2521: 2510: 2499: 2486: 2475: 2474:, Philadelphia 2464: 2457: 2443: 2433: 2429:– alabaster – 2423: 2420:Harewood House 2418:– alabaster – 2412: 2405: 2398:Portland stone 2386: 2375: 2364: 2350: 2336: 2323: 2320:Wheathampstead 2312: 2298: 2285: 2274: 2263: 2260:Strand, London 2258:headquarters, 2221: 2218: 2160:Torso in Metal 2124:Harewood House 2045: 2042: 2017:Garman sisters 1989: 1986: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1843: 1841: 1835: 1828: 1826: 1820: 1813: 1811: 1805: 1798: 1796: 1790: 1783: 1761:Fairmount Park 1708:was bought by 1690: 1687: 1683:conjoined twin 1633:T. E. Lawrence 1629:A. W. Lawrence 1562:Charles Portal 1556:, General Sir 1541: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1530: 1523: 1521: 1515: 1508: 1506: 1500: 1493: 1491: 1485: 1478: 1411: 1408: 1364: 1361: 1307: 1301: 1297:Roughton Heath 1285: 1284: 1277: 1270: 1268: 1260: 1253: 1251: 1243: 1236: 1234: 1226: 1219: 1217: 1209: 1202: 1200: 1194: 1187: 1156: 1153: 1131:R. H. Wilenski 1099: 1090: 1078:Hyde Park Gate 1065: 1062: 1013:Green Mansions 983: 980: 959: 954: 953: 952: 948:The Visitation 946: 939: 937: 933:Torso in Metal 931: 924: 922: 916: 909: 907: 901: 894: 812:Lilian Shelley 782:Goupil Gallery 776: 773: 711: 708: 595:Ambrose McEvoy 570: 567: 496:Zimbabwe House 488:Charles Holden 483: 480: 435: 432: 428:British Museum 383: 380: 359:Greenwood Lake 347:Madison Avenue 294: 291: 289: 286: 212: 211: 201: 197: 196: 194: 193: 182: 178: 172: 171: 169: 158: 154: 151: 150: 147: 145: 141: 140: 137: 136:Known for 133: 132: 130: 129: 124: 119: 113: 111: 107: 106: 97: 93: 92: 88:Hyde Park Gate 86: 84:(aged 78) 80:21 August 1959 78: 74: 73: 70: 66: 62: 61: 55: 47: 46: 39: 36: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5250: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5143:Jacob Epstein 5141: 5140: 5138: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5071: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4990:Jacob Epstein 4984: 4979: 4977: 4972: 4970: 4965: 4964: 4961: 4955: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4923:Jacob Epstein 4921: 4918: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4891: 4890: 4889:John Skeaping 4886: 4885:Ben Nicholson 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4858: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4846:Evelyn Silber 4844: 4841: 4837: 4834: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4799: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4702: 4701: 4696: 4690: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4640: 4634: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4595: 4589: 4573: 4569: 4563: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4533: 4531:0-7117-0898-3 4527: 4523: 4516: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4485: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4444: 4440: 4434: 4426: 4420: 4416: 4409: 4402: 4396: 4389: 4383: 4376: 4370: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4318: 4309: 4303: 4287: 4283: 4277: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4249: 4247: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4219: 4211: 4210: 4202: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4168: 4167: 4162: 4156: 4148: 4142: 4138: 4131: 4129: 4113: 4109: 4102: 4100: 4084: 4080: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4025: 4021: 4019: 4010: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3977: 3975:9781905711727 3971: 3967: 3960: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3915: 3914:Royal Academy 3911: 3905: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3877: 3868: 3866:9781905711727 3862: 3858: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3827: 3823: 3816: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3782: 3776: 3772: 3765: 3750: 3749:The Whitworth 3746: 3740: 3738: 3722: 3718: 3712: 3704: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3668: 3661: 3655: 3653: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3580: 3576: 3570: 3555: 3551: 3545: 3537: 3535:0-7181-2314-X 3531: 3527: 3520: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3493: 3484: 3477: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3449: 3434: 3430: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3403: 3399: 3393: 3378: 3374: 3368: 3366: 3357: 3350: 3344:, March 2012. 3343: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3317: 3316: 3308: 3301: 3299: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3267: 3258: 3252: 3248: 3247:Jacob Epstein 3244: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3215: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3200:Evelyn Silber 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3138: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3083: 3077: 3073: 3066: 3058: 3042: 3041: 3035: 3030: 3029:Evelyn Silber 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2991: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2806: 2800: 2796: 2789: 2782: 2778: 2771: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2731: 2724: 2712: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2650: 2643: 2635: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2609: 2598: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2514:William Blake 2512:1957 bust of 2511: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2330: 2324: 2321: 2317: 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