215:
417:, but after watching the enemy for several days Armagnac on 21 November broke the bridges across the river and withdrew north. The Prince of Wales crossed the river the next day and on 28 November was back in English held territory. The French conduct of the defence was deeply unpopular in the south and although the Constable had not agreed to Armagnac's strategy and gave the King his own eye-witness account he could not escape the blame directed against the three commanders.
29:
412:
During the
English return westward serious disagreements over strategy broke out in Toulouse. During the whole campaign Armagnac had insisted on avoiding battle at all cost, concentrating on defending the principal cities and river crossings, thus abandoning the countryside to the English. This was
306:. This he did 22 February. There, he almost immediately entered into negotiations with Lancaster with two papal legates acting as mediators. The result was a truce, at first limited to Languedoc and the other provinces where James was Lieutenant, but in April it was extended to the rest of France.
472:
The peace promised by the treaty proved illusory. While the
English were at peace with France, the discharged mercenary companies found new employment by ravaging the countryside and holding whole cities for ransom. Soon after his return from captivity,
318:. In January and February 1355 as Constable, he took part in planning the resumption of the war with England. However the war soon became a matter of secondary importance as the French government became embroiled in the intrigues of
493:. Never dreaming that the companies would dare challenge them in the open they took few steps to secure their camp and when the companies attacked that morning of 6 April 1362 they were taken completely by surprise. In the
345:. When the news reached Paris on 4 June it therefore became necessary to prepare the defences of Normandy. Two armies were formed. The largest, of which the Constable was given command, was to be stationed at
409:
seem first to have intended to cut off retreat and force him to battle on their own terms. In the end, no battle took place, as the French commanders decided to withdraw west towards
Toulouse.
322:. In May 1355 it became apparent that open war was about to begin between the King of France and a King of Navarre allied to England. James belonged to the party fronted by the dowager queens,
389:, at places never before forded by horses, and marched north to within a few miles of Toulouse. Thinking the English might attempt to invest the city from both sides, the Constable left for
260:
259:, which was still in French hands, though the countryside had been overrun by the Flemish. There they gathered together most of the French border forces including the BĂ©thune garrison,
357:
sealed on 10 September. Included among the provisions of the treaty was that seven of
Charles' walled towns and castles in Normandy should be nominally surrendered to the Constable.
349:. He was also appointed one of three conciliators who were to meet with Charles of Navarre as soon as he landed and explain the king's new position. Charles of Navarre arrived at
877:
538:
146:
385:
valley. The three French commanders hurried south to
Toulouse, where they prepared themselves for a siege. On 28 October the Prince crossed the Garonne and the
413:
deeply frustrating to the people of
Languedoc and also resented by James who longed for action. The last opportunity to stop the English was made at the river
478:
279:. On 13 June they attacked the Flemish camp at night. However the Flemings managed to regroup and launch a counter-attack before slipping across the border.
857:
241:
397:
and the
Garonne. Instead, the Prince continued eastward into lands previously untouched by the war and largely undefended. On 8 November he took
837:
291:
872:
290:
in 1347 a truce had been concluded, but in 1349 open warfare broke out again, the most conspicuous event of that year being
401:, but was now far away from home territory. The Constable and Armagnac followed him east and taking up camp at the town of
445:
706:
664:
645:
327:
731:
543:
151:
882:
136:
842:
819:
526:
78:
330:, who lobbied John on Charles's behalf. In the end, John gave way and on 31 May agreed to pardon Charles.
847:
548:, Baron de Thury (1346–1417), married (c. 1385) Marguerite, dame de Preaux, de Dangu and de Thury.
532:
141:
852:
441:
366:
111:
802:
497:
that followed the governmental army was routed and James and his oldest son were mortally wounded.
457:
374:
191:
163:
65:
699:
To Win and Lose a
Medieval Battle: Nájera (April 3, 1367), A Pyrrhic Victory for the Black Prince
683:
638:
The
Briennes:The Rise and Fall of a Champenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, C. 950-1356
448:
and five of his companions for 25,000 Ă©cus to the Prince of Wales. James was released by the
777:
421:
319:
60:
449:
323:
867:
862:
440:
Weary of political intrigues, he resigned the constableship in May 1356, but fought at the
432:
were behind an abortive proposal to settle the war in single combat between the two kings.
429:
337:, the capital of Navarre, Charles and his army had already embarked with a course for the
8:
461:
315:
268:
246:
131:
40:
687:
520:
377:. When the Prince of Wales struck in October it was further south than expected, in the
809:
494:
378:
354:
338:
203:
505:
In 1335, he married Jeanne of Châtillon, daughter of Hugh of Châtillon, Lord of Leuze.
784:
727:
702:
660:
641:
512:
486:
474:
238:
227:
199:
126:
36:
386:
753:
745:
481:
to raise an army to put down the "Free
Companies" under the informal leadership of
370:
272:
195:
173:
414:
186:
831:
482:
444:
that year where he was taken prisoner by the English. His ransom was sold by
406:
394:
219:
214:
402:
276:
365:
In autumn 1355 the Constable was in the south where he, together with
252:
390:
350:
283:
28:
490:
453:
398:
342:
334:
295:
234:
353:
5 July and the negotiations opened soon after. The result was the
425:
382:
303:
299:
298:. In early 1350 James was given command of an army mustering at
678:. Vol. II. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
657:
A History of France, 1460–1560: The Emergence of a Nation State
287:
256:
264:
585:
516:
346:
107:
511:
Isabelle (1340–1371), married Louis II, Viscount of
563:
561:
424:'s return to Calais, after a largely fruitless raid into
369:, who commanded an army of local troops, and the Marshal
604:
602:
600:
573:
558:
456:
to the English; but he had succeeded his brother Duke
597:
373:
were to defend against the expected invasion of the
614:
726:, University of Pennsylvania Press, October 2001,
878:French prisoners of war in the Hundred Years' War
489:. Bourbon and Tancarville gathered their army at
829:
535:(1344–1393), married Catherine of Vendome
333:However, by the time John II's letters reached
696:
591:
294:'s raid deep into Languedoc to the walls of
692:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
655:Potter, David (1995). Keen, Maurice (ed.).
282:In 1349, he was created Captain-General of
858:French military personnel killed in action
184:(1319 – 6 April 1362), was a French
27:
689:The Wars of Religion in France, 1559-1576
640:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
233:In June 1347 he commanded an army on the
226:He took part in several campaigns of the
697:Villalon, Andrew; Kagay, Donald (2017).
682:
673:
579:
567:
500:
309:
292:Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster
213:
724:The Hundred Years War II: Trial by Fire
420:On 12 November 1355, the day following
830:
654:
608:
464:after the latter's death at Poitiers.
76:Edward III, King of England (Ponthieu)
635:
620:
435:
209:
676:The Hundred Years War:Trial by Fire
446:Jean III de Grailly, captal de Buch
263:(1325-1381) from the sector around
13:
716:
360:
255:, the chief city of north-eastern
14:
894:
838:People of the Hundred Years' War
222:of James I, Count of La Marche.
52:1341 – 6 April 1362 (La Marche)
519:(1362); married Bouchard VII,
452:. The same treaty surrendered
1:
552:
527:Pierre II, Count of La Marche
393:to hold the crossings of the
137:Pierre II, Count of La Marche
873:14th-century peers of France
741:James I, Count of La Marche
7:
674:Sumption, Jonathan (1999).
61:Edward III, King of England
10:
899:
629:
533:Jean I, Count of La Marche
485:before they could overrun
271:with most of the men from
142:John I, Count of La Marche
816:
807:
799:
794:Merged into English Crown
791:
782:
774:
739:
592:Villalon & Kagay 2017
367:John I, Count of Armagnac
314:In 1354 he was appointed
237:border together with the
169:
159:
125:
117:
97:
89:
85:
72:
56:
46:
35:
26:
21:
684:Thompson, James Westfall
467:
428:, James and the Marshal
286:. Following the fall of
206:from 1341 to his death.
192:Louis I, Duke of Bourbon
164:Louis I, Duke of Bourbon
66:Louis I, Duke of Bourbon
659:. New York: Macmillan.
477:commissioned James and
375:Edward, Prince of Wales
202:from 1351 to 1360, and
261:Charles de Montmorency
223:
50:1351 – 1360 (Ponthieu)
501:Marriage and children
422:Edward III of England
320:Charles II of Navarre
310:Navarre joins the war
217:
883:Constables of France
751:Cadet branch of the
722:Sumption, Jonathan,
843:Counts of La Marche
636:Perry, Guy (2018).
479:Jean de Tancarville
316:Constable of France
269:Charles de la Cerda
132:Isabelle de Bourbon
121:Jeanne of Châtillon
848:Counts of Ponthieu
810:Count of La Marche
539:Jacques de Bourbon
450:Treaty of Brétigny
442:Battle of Poitiers
436:Battle of Poitiers
381:, rather than the
379:County of Armagnac
355:Treaty of Valognes
339:Cotentin Peninsula
302:on the borders of
251:. They marched to
224:
204:Count of La Marche
182:James I of Bourbon
147:Jacques de Bourbon
41:Count of La Marche
826:
825:
817:Succeeded by
792:Succeeded by
785:Count of Ponthieu
701:. Leiden: Brill.
529:(1342–1362)
513:Beaumont-au-Maine
430:Arnoul d'Audrehem
228:Hundred Years War
210:Hundred Years War
200:Count of Ponthieu
190:, and the son of
179:
178:
112:Kingdom of France
105:(aged 42–43)
37:Count of Ponthieu
16:Count of Ponthieu
890:
853:House of Bourbon
814:1341–1362
800:Preceded by
789:1351–1360
775:Preceded by
770:
763:
754:Capetian dynasty
746:House of Bourbon
737:
736:
712:
693:
679:
670:
651:
624:
618:
612:
606:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
547:
521:Count of VendĂ´me
507:Their children:
371:Jean de Clermont
328:Blanche d'Évreux
250:
242:Robert de Waurin
155:
104:
31:
19:
18:
898:
897:
893:
892:
891:
889:
888:
887:
828:
827:
822:
813:
805:
795:
788:
780:
764:
758:
757:
749:
742:
719:
717:Further reading
709:
667:
648:
632:
627:
619:
615:
607:
598:
590:
586:
578:
574:
566:
559:
555:
541:
506:
503:
470:
438:
363:
361:War in Toulouse
312:
244:
212:
196:Mary of Avesnes
174:Mary of Avesnes
149:
145:
140:
135:
106:
102:
77:
64:
51:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
896:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
824:
823:
818:
815:
806:
801:
797:
796:
793:
790:
781:
776:
772:
771:
750:
743:
740:
735:
734:
718:
715:
714:
713:
708:978-9004343177
707:
694:
680:
671:
666:978-0312124809
665:
652:
647:978-1107196902
646:
631:
628:
626:
625:
623:, p. 146.
613:
611:, p. 376.
596:
594:, p. 116.
584:
582:, p. 479.
572:
570:, p. 527.
556:
554:
551:
550:
549:
536:
530:
524:
502:
499:
469:
466:
437:
434:
362:
359:
311:
308:
211:
208:
187:prince du sang
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
129:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
82:
74:
70:
69:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
895:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
833:
821:
812:
811:
804:
798:
787:
786:
779:
773:
768:
761:
756:
755:
748:
747:
738:
733:
732:0-8122-1801-9
729:
725:
721:
720:
710:
704:
700:
695:
691:
690:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
662:
658:
653:
649:
643:
639:
634:
633:
622:
617:
610:
605:
603:
601:
593:
588:
581:
580:Sumption 1999
576:
569:
568:Thompson 1909
564:
562:
557:
545:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:
508:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:Petit Meschin
480:
476:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
433:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
410:
408:
405:on the river
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
248:
243:
240:
236:
231:
229:
221:
216:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:
183:
175:
172:
168:
165:
162:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:
109:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
62:
59:
55:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
808:
783:
769:6 April 1362
766:
759:
752:
744:
723:
698:
688:
675:
656:
637:
616:
587:
575:
504:
475:King John II
471:
439:
419:
411:
364:
332:
313:
281:
232:
225:
220:coat-of-arms
185:
181:
180:
103:(1362-04-06)
101:6 April 1362
868:1362 deaths
863:1319 births
609:Potter 1995
542: [
245: [
150: [
81:(La Marche)
68:(La Marche)
57:Predecessor
832:Categories
778:Edward III
621:Perry 2018
553:References
277:Saint-Omer
63:(Ponthieu)
462:La Marche
391:Montauban
351:Cherbourg
284:Languedoc
198:. He was
73:Successor
22:Jacques I
820:Peter II
686:(1909).
491:Brignais
487:Burgundy
454:Ponthieu
399:Narbonne
343:Normandy
335:Pamplona
296:Toulouse
79:Peter II
803:Peter I
630:Sources
523:(1364);
426:Picardy
383:Garonne
304:Agenais
300:Moissac
253:BĂ©thune
239:Marshal
235:Flemish
765:
730:
705:
663:
644:
495:battle
387:Ariège
324:Jeanne
288:Calais
257:Artois
170:Mother
160:Father
118:Spouse
767:Died:
760:Born:
546:]
515:, in
468:Death
458:Peter
403:Homps
265:Lille
249:]
154:]
127:Issue
47:Reign
762:1319
728:ISBN
703:ISBN
661:ISBN
642:ISBN
517:Lyon
415:Save
407:Aude
395:Tarn
347:Caen
326:and
275:and
273:Aire
267:and
218:The
194:and
108:Lyon
98:Died
93:1319
90:Born
460:of
341:in
834::
599:^
560:^
544:fr
247:fr
230:.
152:fr
110:,
711:.
669:.
650:.
144:,
139:,
134:,
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