90:. No copy of the original text is known to exist. Nonetheless, famed settlers known today include MichaĆ Ćowicki, Zbigniew StefaĆski, Jan Mata, and StanisĆaw Sadowski. Stefanski's purported memoir changed the perception of Jamestown history; it is known from primary English sources that the Poles were hired as skilled artisans, but in Stefanski's memoir, the 6 men were to have been merchants (or at least trading officials) in Poland. No mention of the religious background of the Polish settlers was made, and historian James Pula suggests that the Poles were likely Protestant because contemporary English sources such as
210:
group of historians from the Polish
Foreign Office who wanted the painting to be against a summer backdrop. Staying true to history, Szyk chose to paint the second arrival of Jamestown Polish craftsmen, who arrived in 1609, rather than the first group of Poles, who were believed to number five. The painting also shows Poles in tight-fitting trousers and bright decorations characteristic of the mountaineer region, but the black summer cap tops were clearly Krakovian. Szyk explained to Waldo that they were shown as peasants rather than artisans because doing so allowed more
33:
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to find artisans for his voyage to
America. There were six Polish men that traveled with him in 1603; their names were never known definitely until 1943, when historian Karol Wachtl searched through historical Polish pamphlets in war-torn France dating to the mid-19th century. Although it is not known what documents he used in his findings, his publication, "Polonia w Ameryce" was accurate in naming the settlers. In 1947, a purported historical memoir, "
138:"For pitch and tar, we advise and require that the Polackers be returned in part to these their works, with such other assistance as shall be necessary. The like we shall desire for pot-ashes and soap-ashes, when there shall be fit store of hand to assist them: Requiring in the mean time, the care be generally taken, that Servants and Apprentices be so trained up in these works, as that the skill do not perish together with the Masters." (from
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wrote in 1586 that colonization would require "men skillful in burning of Sope ashes, and in making of Pitch and Tarre, and Rosen, to be fetched out of
Prussia and Poland, which are thence to be had for small wages, being there in manner of slaves." John Smith traveled from England to Poland in 1603
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in 1939. It displays 11 Poles, when historical documents state there were "eight
Dutchmen and Poles". Historian Arthur Waldo recalled expecting to see only five Poles in the painting, and asked Szyk in-person why he chose to portray 11. Szyk explained that he was inspired to make the painting by a
187:
77:" ("A Merchantilist's memoir") was rumored to have surfaced in the United States and to have confirmed the names of the settlers. The memoir was to have been written by Zbigniew Stefanski, a Pole who lived in the Jamestown colony with John Smith and later to have written his memoir in
85:
in 1625. The memoir was to have revealed much about the
Jamestown colony, and to have detailed stories about how Polish settlers taught the pioneers how to dig wells for drinking water, fought a strike for their right to vote, and introduced the settlers to
155:.) Historians have identified this struggle a historical first in many respects: as an American labor strike, fight for civil rights and voting representation, and the origin of the first-ever trade apprenticeship in the American colonies.
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and large quantities of "common green glass". The glass remains of window panes, bottles, and drinking jugs were found. The Glass House and the glass manufacturing industry was started and operated exclusively by the Polish workers.
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ultimately recognized when it met in 1619. During its deliberations, the House excluded the Polish community from voting rights. In reaction, the Poles launched the first recorded strike in the New World.
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Polish settlers launched a labor strike in 1619 against the
Virginia Company, and were successful in reaching an agreement. The skills of these Polish colonists were vital to the new settlement, as the
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in making folk costumes and creating a distinctly Polish look. Szyk, reflecting on his work, took satisfaction in expressing Polish identity and pride through the painting.
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Searching for Polish
Jamestown Sources Arthur L. Waldo Polish American Studies Vol. 17, No. 3/4 (Jul. â Dec., 1960), pp. 105â114
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393:"Jamestown: The Birth of American Polonia 1608â2008 (The Role and Accomplishments of Polish Pioneers in the Jamestown Colony)"
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In need of their industries, the House of
Burgesses extended the "rights of Englishmen" to the Poles (which included some
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The first glass house at the
Jamestown Colony was built and operated exclusively by Polish immigrants, circa. 1608
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Pula, James S. (2008). "Fact vs. Fiction: What Do We Really Know About The Polish
Presence In Early Jamestown?".
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first arrived in 1608 to serve in essential industries in the New World. They are generally considered the first
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Subsequently, the Poles established the first bilingual schools in the New World, teaching both
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Arguably the best-known rendition of the Jamestown Polish craftsmen is the painting of
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Holshouser, Joshua D.; Brylinsk-Padnbey, Lucyna; Kielbasa, Katarzyna (July 2007).
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Barbour, Philip L. (January 1964). "The Identity of the First Poles in America".
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205:. The painting was part of a collection in the Polish Pavilion of the
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Migrants, Immigrants, and Slaves: Racial and Ethnic Groups in America
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The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles
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In Quest of a Cultural Identity: An Inquiry for the Polish Community
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by Arthur Szyk, 1939. Depiction of the Jamestown Polish craftsmen.
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Library of Congress: Evolution of the Virginia Colony, 1610â1630
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Craftsmen 1608 Historical Marker (Route 31, Jamestown, Virginia)
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Praca zbiorowa, "Polska informator", Interpress, Warszawa 1977
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Henderson, George; Olasij, Thompson Dele (January 10, 1995).
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Argall: The True Story of Pocahontas and Captain John Smith
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Jamestown Colony: A Political, Social, and Cultural History
464:
Robertson's Book of Firsts: Who Did What for the First Time
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Searching for Polish Jamestown Sources. Arthur L. Waldo.
671:"Poles and Powhatans in Jamestown, Virginia (1606â1617)"
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noted that two craftsmen helped save his life during an
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498:. Polish Publication Society of America. p. 8.
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787:. Vol. 17, No. 3/4 (Jul. â Dec., 1960), pp. 105â114
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that occurred near the glasshouse. (also noted in "
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109:"). An excavation done in 1948â1949 found four
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166:and later extending the curriculum to include
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669:Odrowaz-Sypniewska, Margaret (Jun 29, 2007).
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461:Robertson, Patrick (November 8, 2011).
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44:colony in October, 1608, during the "
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1869:Jamestown: Legend of the Lost Colony
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1985:Polish-American culture in Virginia
1980:First arrivals in the United States
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147:Impact and historical significance
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1846:Captain John Smith and Pocahontas
1463:Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr
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1725:Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick
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68:and a timberman. English writer
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140:Records of the Virginia Company
644:Ogredowski, Melvin R. (1975).
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806:Generall Historie of Virginia
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329:"Congressional Record 1976"
295:"Congressional Record 1975"
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64:, a pitch and tar maker, a
48:", twelve years before the
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1091:First Virginia Charter
268:. pp. 11905â11906
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1948:Jamestown Settlement
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1378:Temperance Flowerdew
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675:Bibliography Sources
369:. September 28, 1958
334:Congressional Record
325:Congressional Record
300:Congressional Record
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256:Congressional Record
224:Jamestown Exposition
107:Smith's own journals
1995:Jamestown, Virginia
1960:Historic Jamestowne
1958: •
1807:Cultural depictions
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1672:Rappahannock people
1618:Chickahominy people
1176:Christopher Newport
1171:Bartholomew Gosnold
1120:Anglo-Powhatan Wars
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811:Captaine John Smith
75:PamiÄtnik handlowca
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1565:Alexander Whitaker
1398:Silvester Jourdain
1283:Michael Sicklemore
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945:Powhatan's Chimney
756:. ERIC: ED167674.
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60:, and included a
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54:Massachusetts
51:
47:
46:second supply
43:
34:
25:
23:
19:
1875:
1867:
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1762:
1730:Edwin Sandys
1525:Richard Pace
1383:Thomas Gates
1363:Richard Buck
1352:
1348:Francis West
1308:Thomas Dowse
1268:Jonas Profit
1236:George Percy
1051:Charles City
1025:Passapatanzy
940:Werowocomoco
895:Cape Charles
805:
784:
752:
720:
713:
678:. Retrieved
664:
646:
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621:
612:
603:
581:(1): 77â92.
578:
574:
568:
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545:
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487:
463:
429:
407:. Retrieved
403:the original
396:
373:November 30,
371:. Retrieved
364:
338:. Retrieved
332:
304:. Retrieved
298:
270:. Retrieved
263:
198:
196:
190:
157:
150:
139:
127:
62:glass blower
39:
17:
15:
1757:Dale's Code
1705:John Ferrar
1583:Natives and
1488:Joan Wright
1473:Thomas Dale
1408:Robert Rich
1373:James Davis
1333:Ralph Hamor
1298:Anne Burras
1231:Robert Hunt
1181:John Martin
1167:(president)
915:James River
864:(1607-1624)
203:Arthur Szyk
83:Netherlands
52:arrived in
1974:Categories
1665:Nemattanew
1650:Pocahontas
1635:Patawomeck
1599:Appomattoc
1413:John Rolfe
1196:John Smith
1046:James City
974:Cape Henry
969:Kecoughtan
910:Hog Island
890:Belle Isle
680:October 3,
656:B007RQ3E76
519:Richmond,
504:B0006CA8QI
409:October 3,
340:October 1,
306:October 1,
272:October 1,
240:References
182:Depictions
66:soap maker
1950:(museum)
1877:Jamestown
1715:John Pory
1560:John West
1535:John Pott
1501:1611-1624
1328:Hugh Gwyn
1154:Original
1141:Colonists
883:Geography
762:425945425
79:Amsterdam
42:Jamestown
1759:" (1612)
1660:Tomocomo
1081:Timeline
1008:Moysonec
996:Henricus
690:cite web
560:25779776
523:, p. 72
327:(1976).
293:(1975).
218:See also
88:baseball
50:Pilgrims
1888:Related
1158:members
595:1923357
164:English
28:History
1962:(park)
1880:(2017)
1872:(2011)
1857:(2001)
1849:(1953)
1841:(1938)
1833:(1913)
1818:(1855)
1799:(1625)
1791:(1625)
1783:(1619)
1775:(1619)
1767:(1616)
1612:Chanco
1509:Angela
1074:Events
760:
728:
654:
593:
558:
502:
475:
441:
234:Palant
172:German
160:Polish
118:Strike
103:attack
100:Indian
591:JSTOR
556:JSTOR
168:Latin
1145:list
960:list
758:OCLC
726:ISBN
705:help
682:2014
652:ASIN
500:ASIN
473:ISBN
439:ISBN
411:2014
375:2014
342:2014
308:2014
274:2014
170:and
162:and
16:The
809:by
583:doi
201:by
1976::
770:^
740:^
724:.
694::
692:}}
688:{{
673:.
589:.
579:21
577:.
552:53
550:.
528:^
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383:^
363:.
350:^
331:.
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297:.
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247:^
178:.
81:,
24:.
1956:)
1952:(
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854:e
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703:(
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310:.
276:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
