Janamsakhis - Knowledge

2443: 44: 2431: 857: 2235:. Whilst all Janamsakhis originally began circulating as oral stories originally and only began to be written down later on, there existed a male-orientated and female-orientated oral tradition, with the male stories having later been recorded and delegated to writing, whilst the female stories remained as an oral tradition and were sidelined and neglected. Whilst this women's oral tradition is in decline and is being gradually replaced with the more dominant, male-centric literary traditions, there do exist elderly Sikh women in certain villages of Jalandhar district, specifically the villages of Mahala and Bara Pind, where tellers of the women's oral janamsakhis can still be found. Interestingly, these oral stories passed down by Sikh women focus more on the domestic and family life of Nanak, with women playing much more prominent roles than the literary traditions. Many important figures in the literary traditions, such as 2514: 2505: 2496: 2487: 2478: 2469: 2551: 2614: 2533: 2596: 3727:

as the Bala Janam Sakhi is associated with Baba Handal (d. 1648), a Sikh leader who left the community and created his own group. An illustrated manuscript of this text was prepared in 1658 and was extant in Faridabad until recently. The Janam Sakhi genre also expanded to include stories about Guru Nanak's successors. For the text of the stories in Pothi Bibi Rup Kaur, see Piara Singh Padam, Prachin Punjabi Gadd, 66-86. An independent tradition evolved around Guru Amardas, with the earliest manuscript being dated 1683 (MS 676, Central Public Library, Patiala). For its published edition, see Raijasbir Singh, Guru Amardas Srot Pustak (Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1986), 43-207. We also see the emergence of a narrative around Guru Arjan (undated, Prichha Mahala Panjve Ka. MS 2219A, Khalsa College, ff. 1-25).

2587: 2605: 1646: 2569: 2578: 2560: 2542: 2378: 2132: 2250:, a British civil servant, published his six volume translation of Sikh scripture and religious history in 1909. This set has been an early influential source of Sikh Gurus and their history for writers outside of India. Macauliffe, and popular writers such as Khushwant Singh who cite him, presented the Janamsakhi stories as factual, though Macauliffe also expressed his doubts on their historicity. Khushwant Singh similarly expresses his doubts, but extensively relied on the Janamsakhis in his 5850: 1572:

on the vanity of worldly learning and the contrasting value of the Divine Name of God. The child began to show disturbing signs of withdrawal from the world. He was sent to learn Persian at the age of nine but returned home and continued to sit in silence. Locals advised his father that Nanak should be married. This advice was taken and at the age of twelve a betrothal was arranged at the house of Mula of the Chona sub-caste. Sometime later Nanak moved to

789: 5842: 1438: 126: 3134:, was discovered 'partly destroyed by white ants' in 1872, though it had been brought to London in 1815 by Henry Thomas Colebrooke, a Sanskrit scholar and member of the council of the East India Company in Calcutta. The second manuscript was discovered by Bhai Gurmukh Singh of Oriental College, Lahore in Hafizabad and handed over to M.A. Macauliffe. This came to be known as the 1381:

attitudes, and needs valued by the Sikh community of the age. Incorporating verses from Guru Nanak's works to illuminate his theological and ethical teachings in a biographical framework and in the idiom and style of myth and allegory, their quick, vigorous style would lend them to a popular oral tradition of moral instruction. Along with Indic mythologizing traditions of

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believes the tradition may date back to the mid-17th century but unlikely to originate earlier than that period. More manuscripts of this tradition have been discovered since the finding of the initial manuscript. It shows influence from the Puratan tradition (particularly a few anecdotes or stories

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stories likely began through family and friends close to Guru Nanak, spreading to others. The earliest layer of what was to become the written tradition later was, according to McLeod, "authentic memories concerning actual incidents from the life of Nanak," in conjunction with the verses left by him

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present accounts of the life of Guru Nanak and his early companions, with varying degrees of supernatural elements among them, typical for hagiographic biographies; more important was his message of equality before God, regardless of social classifications, also emphasizing friendships with those of

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109. The sectarian divisions within the growing Sikh community seemed to have resulted in the creation of their own versions of the Janam Sakhi of Guru Nanak. For the earliest manuscript of the version associated with the followers of Prithi Chand, see MS 2306, Khalsa College. Another version known

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of the Bedi sub-cast and lived in a village Rai Bhoi di Talwandi; his mother's name is not given. When Guru Ji turned seven he was taken to a pundit to learn how to read. After only one day he gave up reading and when the pundit asked him why Guru Ji lapsed into silence and instructed him at length

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have been historically popular in the Sikh community and broadly believed as true, historical biography of the founder of their religion. They have been recited at religious gatherings, shared as reverential fables with the young generation, and embedded in the cultural folklore over the centuries.

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4. Bhagat/Gyan Ratnavali by Mani Singh: This work was written around the eighteenth century (between AD 1675 and 1708) by Bhai Mani Singh, a devotee of Guru Gobind and is only an exposition of Bhai Gurdas's first canto. It does not pretend to add to the information on Guru Nanak. Historic value of

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tradition is the oldest, with the earliest extant manuscript of this tradition dating back to 1640. It is believed to have first been put pen to paper around 80 years after the passing of Nanak. Presenting a more concise, less fantastical account of Guru Nanak's life, its realistic account of Guru

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make extensive use of allegory, often with mythic elements to imbue meaning. Though the birth narrative of Nanak shares similarities with that of Christ, Buddha, and Krishna, he is depicted as having a normal birth, with a Muslim midwife, Daultan, beside Guru Nanak's mother Mata Tripta, implying

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versions. While each tradition offering their own perspectives, interpretations, and points of emphasis on the stories they report, they generally present Guru Nanak's life in three parts: the first part covering his childhood and early adulthood, the second part as an itinerant missionary after

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objected, but when he tried to rotate his feet away from it, the Kaaba reorients in the direction of Guru Nanak's feet, attesting to the omnipresence of God and the internality of faith as opposed to the external. A parable also relays Guru Nanak's body vanishing after his death and left behind

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may have been the early didactic texts in the Sikh tradition, including a teaching, a moral instruction along with an associated hymn found in the Sikh scripture, serving as pedagogical texts, sustaining Guru Nanak's message through time for the community that valued it. In order to convey Guru

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Attempts to change birth places, birth and death dates, and the level of spiritual prominence of the orthodox Gurus by rival claimants of Sikh guruship have been considered to be a source of divergence from the normative tradition. Such attempts, such as modification of the historically highly

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is not chronological or geographical accuracy, as history was not their concern, but the depiction of various themes of "the divine dispensation of Nanak, his concern for kindness, social cohesiveness, and his stress on divine unity and the consequent unity of humanity," revealing the beliefs,

3145:, discovered in 1940, is ascribed to Sodhi Meherban (1581-1640), grandson of the fourth Guru, Ram Das. His father Prithi Chand disputed the succession of Guru Arjan and fell away from the Sikh tradition. The shadow of these differences put into question the legitimacy of the Sodhi Meherban 1412:

interfaith harmony. Typically dangerous natural phenomena either protect Nanak or are mastered by him, as a cobra shades child Nanak as he sleeps, or a rolling boulder being stopped by his hand. In a parable placed in Mecca, during Guru Nanak's travels he fell with his feet towards the

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recount the greatness of Raja Janak and describes an interview with God wherein Raja Janak is instructed that he is to return to the world once again to propagate His Name. Details of Guru Nanak's birth are given in the fourth sakhi and his father was Kalu, a Bedi and his mother

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Whilst the Janamsakhi literary genre arose to document the life of the first Sikh guru, Nanak, there also exists literature which was a later expansion of the Janamsakhi genre which details the lives of later gurus. There exists a Janamsakhi tradition which covers the life of

3114:. Most Sikh children, certainly of the last generation, have heard sakhis or stories at their grandmother's knee, in which Guru Nanak has not one but two companions, Bala and Mardana. Bala's name attaches to the most popular and influential of the traditions–Bhai Bala 1683:

were written by Hindals as in a number of stories Guru Nanak praises Baba Hindal. Some are of the belief that this is a contemporary work and was later edited by the Hindals. One of the people who subscribed to this belief was Santhok Singh the author of the famed

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were oral in nature and began spreading across the Punjab when news on Guru Nanak's exploits and fame started being passed around. They were first put to writing likely around the early 17th century. However, according to Pyar Singh the earliest dated extant

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was dispatched by the India Office Library in London for the use of Dr. Trumpp and the Sikh scholars assisting him. (It had been given to the library by an Englishman called Colebrook; it came to be known as the Vilayat Vali or the foreign

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There are reasons to doubt this contention as Guru Angad, who is said to have commissioned the work and was also a close companion of the Guru in his later years, was, according to Bala's own admission, ignorant of the existence of Bala.

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is the claim, not taken seriously by most scholars, that it was dictated by Bhai Bala in the presence of the second Guru, Angad Dev and forms an eyewitness account of Guru Nanak's life and travels. It is now believed that the Bhai Bala

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His approach "proved to be highly controversial," as it "angered many Sikhs" who saw him as "removing the vibrant life and message of their Guru from these texts," using incompatible Christian heuristic methodologies comparable to the

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at Hafizabad which was very similar to that found by Colebrook. Gurmukh Singh who was collaborating with Mr. Macauliffe in his research on Sikh religion, made it available to the Englishman, who had it published in November 1885.

1634:. It differs from the Puratan tradition in that it does not present Guru Nanak's travels as four separate journeys. The portion covering the travels of Nanak is believed to have been sourced from the yet undiscovered manuscript. 2174:

compared to Mani Singh’s Sikhian di Bhagat Mal is noticeably different. No eighteenth century manuscript of this text exists. All of this has led some to doubt whether Mani Singh was the author and the reliability of this

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which provide more information about the lives of girls and women during the period of the first Sikh guru. Particular emphasis and focus is placed on prominent Sikh female figures, their influences, and impact, such as

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are known, all composed between the 17th and early-19th centuries, with most of these in the Puratan and Bala collections. The expanded version containing the hagiographies of all ten Sikh Gurus is the popular

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it was presented to Guru Gobind Singh for his signature. However, scholars have questioned the actual authorship by Bhai Mani Singh, arguing that his name was used more for the purpose of providing status and

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literature produced was often elaborately illustrated with paintings on the folios of the handwritten manuscripts, each depicting a life story of the first Guru. It is one of the earliest sources of Sikh art.

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Throughout the early seventeenth and eighteenth century Janamsakhis, Nanak is consistently likened and considered tantamount to the Divine itself, though this has been downplayed among recent Sikh scholars.

2430: 2303:, he classified 37 as "probable" or "established," and 28 as "possible." Specifically looking for details "of importance" of Guru Nanak's life, he filled out just under one typeset page, though most 3138:. The two manuscripts were collated into a composite whole by the Sikh savant Bhai Vir Singh and published in 1926. A number of other manuscripts were found subsequently, including one dated 1640. 3406:

Bhagat Ratnavali is immense because it is based on the first Var of Bhai Gurdas and contains no imaginary events. Also, it records all episodes in chronological order and avoids errors of other

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Bhagat Ratnavali is immense because it is based on the first Var of Bhai Gurdas and contains no imaginary events. Also, it records all episodes in chronological order and avoids errors of other

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have been questioned by Sikh scholars, namely that in the case of the Hindalis, Hindal and Kabir are promoted at the expense of Nanak, who was depicted as having prophesied Hindal's arrival.

2007:, the eldest son of Guru Ram Das. Prithi Chand's behaviour was evidently unsatisfactory as he was passed over in favour of his younger brother, (Guru) Arjan Dev, when his father chose a 1527:

the two most important were the Colebrooke and Hafizabad versions. The first of these was discovered in 1872, the manuscript had been donated to the library of the east India company by

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manuscripts are more than Guru Nanak's life story. They relate each story with a teaching in the hymn of the Sikh scripture and illustrate a fundamental moral or teaching. The earliest

2066:, Isarnath, Charapatnath, Barangnath, Ghoracholi, Balgundai, Bharathari, and Gopichand. Gorakhnath asked the identity of the visitor and his disciple replied, "This is Nanak Bedi, a 1373:. The early oral tradition reached remote areas away further from Kartarpur, presenting his life and teachings to those who had never met the Guru, and for following generations. 1170: 1567:, 1469. The date is given as the third day of the light half of the month and the birth is said to have taken place during the last watch before dawn. His father Kalu was a 3176:, as it stands today, combines an independent selection of sakhis with borrowings from the Bala tradition. In the epilogue it is mentioned that after the completion of the 2038:

influence in the community at the time, leading to McLeod's assertion that the collection dated to later than its given date of 1828 CE, possibly in the late 19th century.

1387:, which incorporated mythology, history, philosophy, and geography, the Janamsakhi tradition was also contemporary with the Sufi allegorical traditions about Muhammad ( 2344:, the third Sikh guru. The earliest surviving manuscript of Amar Das' Janamsakhi tradition dates to 1683. There also exists a Janamsakhi tradition covering the life of 43: 1138: 3410:. Bhagat Ratnavali is significant, in the sense that in the list of Guru Nanak's companions and disciples, contained in this book there is no mention of Bala Sandhu. 3374:. Bhagat Ratnavali is significant, in the sense that in the list of Guru Nanak's companions and disciples, contained in this book there is no mention of Bala Sandhu. 2327:

of the Gospels, through which Trilochan Singh contends that he would have set out to prove that that Guru Nanak himself had never existed, though failing to do so.

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The Puratan janamsakhi is the oldest, believed to be written about eighty years after the death of Guru Nanak. The first manuscript of the Puratan, known as the

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Images of manuscript paintings from the oldest extant or discovered illustrated Janamsakhi manuscript, which belongs to the Bhai Bala tradition, dated to 1658:

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other religions and the welfare of women. As stories were told and retold, the ways they were combined crystallized into a small number of specific traditions.

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Images of manuscript paintings from the third oldest illustrated Janamsakhi manuscript known (Bhai Sangu Mal MS, published in August 1733 CE, preserved at the

3160:. The prologue of this collection indicates its origins. When Bhai Mani Singh, a prominent Sikh at the time of Guru Gobind Singh, was requested to retell the 3840: 2011:. The Minas were a robber tribe and in Punjabi the word has come to mean someone who conceals his true evil intent. The Minas were subsequently execrated by 856: 1580:. One day Nanak went to the river and while bathing messengers of God came and he was transported to the divine court. There he was given a cup of nectar ( 3753:

Atsushi Ikeda (2020) Early Sikh imagery in Janam-sakhi painting: A comparison of the B-40, the Guler and the Unbound set, Sikh Formations, 16:3, 244-268,

1239:. Considered by scholars as semi-legendary biographies, they were based on a Sikh oral tradition of historical fact, homily, and legend, with the first 2074:

who is a householder." What follows is a lengthy discourse with the siddhas which ends with the siddhas asking what is happening in the evil age of

1008: 3334: 1719:, Angad, the master, performed the rites, Graciously with his own two hands.” He also raises the point that Bhai Bala’s family is still living in 1551:

was the basis of the accounts written by Trumpp, Macauliffe, and most Sikh scholars. Gurmukh Singh of the Oriental College, Lahore, found another

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McLeod placed each narrative into five categories: the established, the probable, the possible, the improbable, and the impossible. Out of 124

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A manuscript of the Bhai Bala tradition held in the private collection of P. N. Kapoor of Delhi, containing 29 illustrations, dated to 1658

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A manuscript called the B40 manuscript, containing 57 illustrations, dated to 1733. The patron, artist, and scribe of this work is known.

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collections were structured to lucidly expound on Guru Nanak's teachings to the audience, relating accounts to the specific hymns of the

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traditions this is probably the most neglected as it has acquired a disagreeable reputation. Sodhi Miharban who gives his name to the

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The art of illustrated Janamsakhi manuscripts declined following the introduction of the printing press in Punjab during the 1870s.

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traditions are known. One such tradition is that of the B40, which contains influences of both the Puratan and Miharvan traditions.

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Where are the women? : the representation of gender in the Bhai Bala janamsakhi tradition and the women’s oral janamsakhi tradition

1033: 3619:. Princeton University Press. pp. 31–48 with the extensive citing of Janamsakhis in the footnotes, 299–301, other chapters. 2865: 4429: 2630:, a historical gurdwara in Amritsar that contains fresco paintings depicting the events of Guru Nanak's life as relayed in the 3830: 2586: 4736: 3825: 3562: 3535: 3213: 3063: 2957: 2929: 2820: 2793: 2766: 2739: 2709: 5450: 3835: 3164:

of Guru Nanak and thereby remove the interpolations of the heretics, in particular the Minas (associated with the Meherban

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in his first var. The Sikhs said they wanted an elaboration of the var and Bhai Mani Singh agreed to take up the job. The

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were composed between 50 and 80 years after his death. Many more were written in the 17th and 18th century. The largest

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Illustrated folio of Guru Nanak, Bala, Mardana and devotees from a Kashmiri Janamsakhi manuscript, circa 19th century.

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and Sikhs were instructed to have no dealings with them. The sect is now extinct. It is said that it was due to this

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Sri Guru Babey ji di Chahun Jugi Janam Sakhi - An Autobiography of Eternal-Nanak - New Light on Eternally-old ATMAN

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have different dates for the death and birth of Guru Nanak compared to popular renditions. The language from this

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are a part of their understanding of his divine nature and the many wonders he is believed to have performed.

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collection, would eventually prompt authoritative written traditions in response. The sectarian intent of the

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written by Paida Mokha detailing Nanak's travels, by rival family members of Guru Arjan, who would start the

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Re-imagining South Asian Religions: Essays in Honour of Professors Harold G. Coward and Ronald W. Neufeldt

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Re-imagining South Asian Religions: Essays in Honour of Professors Harold G. Coward and Ronald W. Neufeldt

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It would be useful, before proceeding further, to take a brief look at the four traditions or cycles of

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There is a famine of truth, falsehood prevails, and in the darkness of kaliyug men have become ghouls

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and discourses) and another unknown source, that has yet come to light, that also influenced the B40

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The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition

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Aside from literary Janamsakhis, there also exists a Janamsakhi tradition passed down orally by

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was written by Bhai Bala and is mostly authentic but was edited and changed by anti-Sikh sects.

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proximity of Guru Nanak to the Punjab region, which were given a greater degree of confidence;

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fragrant flowers, which Hindus and Muslims then divided, one to cremate and other to bury.

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Knut A. Jacobsen; Gurinder Singh Mann; Kristina Myrvold; Eleanor M. Nesbitt, eds. (2017).

1588:). Drink it. This he did and was charged to go into the world and preach the divine Name. 8: 5819: 5754: 5712: 5672: 5667: 5630: 5309: 5244: 5234: 4551: 4531: 4491: 4461: 3890: 3149:, but the recent discovery of an authentic manuscript has again revived interest in this 1938: 1903: 1280: 1048: 958: 773: 723: 713: 155: 2404:

A manuscript called the Bagharian manuscript, containing 42 illustrations, dated to 1724

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Nanak's life and lack of fantasy elements led to its prominence among the Singh Sabha.

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or Jai Ram (Nanaki's husband), barely make a mention in the women's oral janamsakhis.

1661:, an alleged contemporary of Guru Nanak, and was supposedly written at the request of 5707: 5540: 5506: 5349: 5334: 5214: 4982: 4934: 4886: 4856: 4851: 4521: 4501: 4496: 4486: 4409: 4399: 4367: 4319: 4235: 4207: 4177: 4147: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3805: 3786: 3663: 3558: 3531: 3394: 3358: 3209: 3099: 3059: 3032: 2987: 2953: 2925: 2844: 2816: 2789: 2762: 2735: 2705: 2190: 2000: 1867: 1763: 768: 576: 225: 220: 215: 2356:, a manuscript covering his life was apparently written by Rup Kaur, it is known as 5853: 5779: 5739: 5572: 5511: 5279: 5239: 5229: 5219: 5134: 5109: 5063: 5015: 4977: 4949: 4929: 4924: 4866: 4861: 4826: 4821: 4808: 4595: 4556: 4466: 4456: 4451: 4414: 4379: 4289: 4264: 4054: 3945: 3858: 3754: 3587: 2877: 2324: 2236: 2219: 1195: 1123: 1113: 743: 670: 512: 317: 287: 210: 109: 3758: 3153:

which is now known for its author's obvious learning and his developed prose form.

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with the goal of removing parts he believed were edited and added by the Hindals.

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was written by Gorakh Das in 1658, but the actual date is believed to be earlier.

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is recited on festive occasions in Sikh Gurdwaras, Sikh ceremonies and festivals.

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Life and Work of Guru Arjan: History, Memory, and Biography in the Sikh Tradition

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and is generally used with reference to the composite work which was compiled by

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The second udasi was to the south of India with companion Bhai Mardana: Delhi →

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Between Colonialism and Diaspora: Sikh Cultural Formations in an Imperial World

3208:. Vol. 1: A-D (4th ed.). Punjabi University, Patiala. pp. 9–10. 3168:), he replied that he could not better Bhai Gurdas who had already written the 2316: 1996: 1914: 1613:, meaning "anecdotes, stories, discourses, parables"), was first discovered by 1520: 1053: 928: 590: 282: 277: 252: 200: 140: 3336:

Ernest Trumpp and W.H. McLeod as scholars of Sikh history religion and culture

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Janamsakhian Daa Vikas tey Itihasik Vishesta - Dr. Kirpal Singh Tract No. 434

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Jones, Kenneth W. (1973). "Ham Hindū Nahīn: Arya Sikh Relations, 1877–1905".

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Decorated opening folio of a manuscript of the Bhai Bala Janamsakhi tradition

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Finding God Among our Neighbors, Volume 2: An Interfaith Systematic Theology

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sect and the Minas were very hostile towards the Gurus around the period of

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as "uncritical" and "dubious", though one that pleased the Sikh community.

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time. Bhai Behlo says, “Bala discarded his body there, At the holy city of

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and first published in 1926. Of the still existing copies of the Puratan

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Janam Sakhi or The Biography of Guru Nanak, Founder of The Sikh Religion

2254:. Macauliffe interspersed his translation of the Sikh scripture between 1695:

Dr. Trilochan Singh counters some of the points raised against the Bala

1535:. Although there is no date on it the manuscript points to around 1635. 5809: 5801: 5734: 5635: 5615: 5595: 5555: 5339: 5073: 4779: 4774: 4630: 4299: 4269: 4182: 4167: 4089: 4059: 4039: 3930: 3915: 3910: 3902: 3599: 3024: 3012: 2637: 2345: 2059: 2008: 1952: 1918: 1879: 1855: 1747: 1712: 1662: 1462: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1232: 948: 903: 873: 718: 693: 636: 617: 597: 538: 416: 382: 372: 367: 327: 195: 180: 175: 166: 2698:

Toby Braden Johnson (2014). Pashaura Singh and Louis E. Fenech (ed.).

2319:

and Hindali sects respectively, to have particularly dubious origins.

2023:

account and the commission of the Gyan-ratanavali by Bhai Mani Singh.

1279:("Timeless Being," God), and the last part presents him as settled in 5677: 5269: 5264: 4784: 4625: 4094: 3052:

Toby Braden Johnson (2012). Pashaura Singh and Michael Hawley (ed.).

2918:

Toby Braden Johnson (2012). Pashaura Singh and Michael Hawley (ed.).

2195: 2075: 1922: 1891: 1883: 1871: 1847: 1658: 1576:

where his sister Nanaki was married. Here he took up employment with

1349:

Guru Nanak is deeply revered by the devout Sikhs, the stories in the

1073: 883: 410: 3591: 3524:

JS Grewal (1993). John Stratton Hawley; Gurinder Singh Mann (eds.).

1437: 1247:, with about 9,700 verses, was written in the early 19th century by 5774: 5605: 5600: 5590: 5562: 4640: 4610: 4215: 3015:, History of Religions, Vol. 31, No. 4, Sikh Studies, pages 329-343 2782:

Christopher Shackle (2014). Pashaura Singh and Louis Fenech (ed.).

2372: 2035: 1895: 1851: 1843: 1823: 1787: 1779: 1759: 1584:) and with it came the command Nanak, this is the cup of My Name ( 788: 688: 678: 626: 312: 4044: 2198:

amongst the list of Guru Nanak's close companions and associates.

487: 4162: 4124: 3881: 2055: 1970: 1948: 1942: 1910: 1835: 1803: 1783: 1724: 1564: 1383: 1236: 502: 117: 62: 2162:

There are some doubts about the authenticity and author of this

2092:

Men give as charity the money they have acquired by sinful means

5764: 5697: 5692: 5139: 4620: 4600: 4187: 4129: 4109: 4049: 4029: 3685:

Religious Conversion in India: Modes, Motivations, and Meanings

2307:

are themselves brief at three to four pages. He considered the

2273:

dismissal of legendary, miraculous, or "unverifiable" elements;

2086: 2071: 2042: 2031: 2019:

and its hostility towards the Gurus that prompted Bhai Gurdas'

1956: 1934: 1899: 1831: 1819: 1811: 1795: 1771: 1755: 1618: 1581: 1568: 683: 532: 527: 522: 492: 307: 272: 238: 4714: 3710: 1258:

traditions that have survived into the modern era include the

5687: 5550: 4669: 4645: 3711:"Sources for the Study of Guru Gobind Singh's Life and Times" 2642: 1974: 1875: 1863: 1839: 1815: 1609: 1413: 1399:

commemorated and expounded upon the teachings of Guru Nanak.

1224: 923: 247: 135: 4585: 3639:

and his hymns in the Guru Granth Sahib are in Macauliffe's

3127:

was grossly interpolated by the heretical sect of Hindalis.

3013:

The Myth of the Founder: The Janamsākhīs and Sikh Tradition

2184: 1966: 1585: 1417: 1203: 3850: 3724:(1–2): 277 – via Global Institute for Sikh Studies. 1531:

and is accordingly known as the Colebrooke or Vailaitwali

4696: 3339:. International Centre of Sikh Studies. pp. 272–275. 3783:

The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus Sacred Writings and Authors

3550: 2292:

proximity of mentioned family members to Guru Nanak; and

2808: 2143:

The last major, and evidently the latest, tradition of

3446:. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 346. 3156:

The fourth collection is known as the Bhai Mani Singh

2723: 2721: 2693: 2526:

Janamsakhi manuscript paintings from the 19th century:

2315:

collections, belonging to the schismatic, now-extinct

1688:. Santhok Singh wrote Nanak Parkash based on the Bala 2864:

Kaur, Sukhandeep; Viranjan, Ram (January–June 2023).

2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2448:

Guru Nanak placing his feet toward the Kaaba in Mecca

2397:

The earliest illustrated manuscripts are as follows:

1707:

both mention Bhai Bala. Bala is further mentioned in

3651: 3649: 3051: 2917: 2781: 2718: 2697: 3393:(1st ed.). Blue Rose Publishers. p. 23. 3357:(1st ed.). Blue Rose Publishers. p. 23. 3045: 3025:Kirapāla Siṅgha; Prithīpāla Siṅgha Kapūra (2004). 2670: 2334: 3802:A History of the Sikhs: 1469-1839 Vol.1 (2nd ed.) 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2054:. Climbing the mountain, the Guru found all nine 1625:. The manuscript he discovered dated to 1701 but 5864: 3799: 3646: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2870:ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 2667:, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Brian Duignan (2017) 2660: 2658: 3780: 3655: 3612: 3332: 3118:. The reason for the popularity of this set of 2123: 1327:in what would become the Adi Granth. The first 1286:Over 40 significant manuscript editions of the 3544: 3018: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2898: 2754: 4730: 3866: 3606: 3510: 3321: 3000: 2952:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 8–9. 2704:. Oxford University Press. pp. 182–185. 2655: 1563:, Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born in the month of 1171: 813: 3527:Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America 2939: 2863: 2802: 2085:The kaliyug is a knife, kings are butchers, 3425:Guru Nanak: Founder of Sikhism: A Biography 3311:Guru Nanak: Founder of Sikhism: A Biography 2966: 2945: 2843:. University of Chicago Press. p. 52. 2761:. Oxford University Press. pp. 54–56. 2748: 2213: 1672:The oldest accepted manuscript of the Bala 1213: 4737: 4723: 3873: 3859: 3586:(3). Cambridge University Press: 457–475. 3291:Janamsakhi Tradition - An Analytical Study 3274:Janamsakhi Tradition - An Analytical Study 3232:Janamsakhi Tradition - An Analytical Study 2521: 1607:(adi, meaning "first"; sakhian, plural of 1178: 1164: 820: 806: 42: 5046:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire 3523: 3468:Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur (2023-04-18). 3028:Janamsakhi tradition: an analytical study 2881: 2289:their reliability relative to each other; 2269:'s critical methodology which included: 1890:(twelve years after leaving Sultanpur) → 1750:and included, in the following sequence: 1478:Learn how and when to remove this message 3682: 3662:. Duke University Press. pp. 7–12. 2949:Textual Sources for the Study of Sikhism 2788:. Oxford University Press. p. 118. 2376: 2130: 2078:. The Guru responds with three slogans: 1644: 1424: 1283:, founding his community of believers. 3687:. Oxford University Press. p. 158. 3441: 2986:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 1–8. 2276:corroboration with external sources and 2242: 1637: 14: 5865: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3348: 3346: 2838: 2182:The work is an expansion of the first 2034:affiliation, as opposed to the rising 1979: 4718: 3854: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3577: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3467: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3389:Singh, Bhupender (23 December 2022). 3388: 3384: 3382: 3353:Singh, Bhupender (23 December 2022). 3352: 3303: 3301: 3203: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3093: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 2979: 2775: 2206:Various other more minor and obscure 2166:. Older manuscript of the Mani Singh 1495: 3708: 2834: 2832: 2734:. Brill Academic. pp. 173–181. 2436:Guru Nanak being shaded by the cobra 1460:adding citations to reliable sources 1431: 3691: 3415: 3343: 3098:(Digital ed.). Penguin Books. 2980:Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur (2011). 2924:. BRILL Academic. pp. 89–111. 2785:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 2701:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 2201: 24: 3732: 3554:Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed 3486: 3450: 3435: 3379: 3298: 3186: 3072: 3058:. BRILL Academic. pp. 90–98. 3031:. Singh Brothers. pp. 26–28. 3011:Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh (1992), 2857: 2815:. Fortress Press. pp. 36–37. 2419: 2279:corroboration with the Adi Granth; 2003:. The Minas were the followers of 1961:The fourth udasi was to the west: 1947:The third udasi was to the north: 1774:→ Kanganwal → Manak Deke → Alpa → 1490: 25: 5894: 3819: 3557:. A&C Black. pp. 85–89. 3551:Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair (2013). 3421: 3307: 3287: 3270: 3228: 2883:10.29121/shodhkosh.v4.i1.2023.293 2829: 2453: 2363: 1591: 1356: 1339: 80:Late 16th century to 19th century 5849: 5848: 5840: 5651:Sikhs in the British Indian Army 3635:The translation of Guru Nanak's 3530:. SUNY Press. pp. 164–165. 2809:Kristin Johnston Largen (2017). 2612: 2603: 2594: 2585: 2576: 2567: 2558: 2549: 2540: 2531: 2512: 2503: 2494: 2485: 2476: 2467: 2441: 2429: 1995:was closely associated with the 1436: 1231:), are popular hagiographies of 855: 787: 124: 5841: 4744: 4692:Contemporary Sant Mat movements 3763: 3676: 3623: 3571: 3444:Sikhism: Origin and Development 3281: 3264: 3239: 3222: 2731:Brill's Encyclopedia of Sikhism 2335:Janamsakhis of other Sikh gurus 2311:and earlier manuscripts of the 1447:needs additional citations for 5745:Sikhism and sexual orientation 3772:, British Library MS Panj B 40 3442:Dhillon, Dalbir Singh (1988). 2282:differences between different 1679:It is generally believed this 1297:by Santokh Singh. This poetic 13: 1: 3759:10.1080/17448727.2019.1702836 3709:Mann, Gurinder Singh (2008). 2648: 1711:by Bhai Behlo written during 1538:In the year 1883 a copy of a 27:Sikh religious literary genre 3580:The Journal of Asian Studies 7: 3880: 3804:. Oxford University Press. 3206:The Encyclopedia of Sikhism 2621: 1304: 1208: 757:Sikhism and other religions 436: 427: 418: 10: 5899: 5105:British East India Company 3785:. Low Price Publications. 3643:, The Sikh Religion (1909) 3470:"Janamsakhis and Sikh Art" 2414: 2370: 2030:exegesis reflected strong 1376:The dominant motif of the 1361:The early editions of the 5838: 5800: 5571: 5531: 5517:Treaty of Amritsar (1846) 5497:Treaty of Amritsar (1809) 5489: 5463: 5446:Johann Martin Honigberger 5403: 5305:Chattar Singh Attariwalla 5197: 5190: 5154: 5082: 5056: 5024: 4991: 4958: 4915: 4807: 4798: 4752: 4707: 4584: 4328: 4206: 4138: 4020: 3970: 3901: 3888: 3800:Singh, Khushwant (1963). 3718:Journal of Punjab Studies 3683:Robinson, Rowena (2003). 3136:Hafizabad-wali janamsakhi 2381:18th century preliminary 2135:Folio of a manuscript of 2089:has taken wings and flown 1559:According to the Puratan 1336:manuscript is from 1588. 1317: 1199: 84: 76: 68: 58: 53: 41: 32: 5507:Treaty of Chushul (1842) 5502:Tripartite Treaty (1838) 3781:Macauliffe, M.A (1909). 3656:Tony Ballantyne (2006). 3613:Khushwant Singh (1963). 3333:Trilochan Singh (1994). 2983:Sikhism: An Introduction 2350:Prichha Mahala Panjve Ka 2214:Women's oral Janamsakhis 1842:(Sultan Ibrahim Lodi) → 1798:→ Deoka → Mitha Kotla → 1766:→ Ram Tirath → Jahman → 1738:In the first journey or 1657:claims to be written by 1275:receiving the call from 1139:Faridkot Teeka Committee 5512:Treaty of Lahore (1846) 5390:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana 4315:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh 3204:Singh, Harbans (2002). 3132:Vilayat-wali janamsakhi 2839:Oberoi, Harjot (1994). 2755:Pashaura Singh (2006). 2522:19th century Janamsakhi 1407:Nanak's teachings, the 1034:Akhbar Sri Darbar Sahib 1014:Steek (Sikh literature) 240:Selected revered saints 5345:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia 5330:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia 5320:Ranjodh Singh Majithia 5300:Sher Singh Attariwalla 5295:Sham Singh Attariwalla 5191:Officials and warriors 5100:Emirate of Afghanistan 5006:Battle of Chillianwala 4231:Darbar Sahib Kartarpur 3980:Beliefs and principles 3631:Macauliffe, Max Arthur 3616:A History of the Sikhs 3422:Singh, Dr. Trilochan. 3308:Singh, Dr. Trilochan. 3094:Sarna, Navtej (2016). 2386: 2252:A History of the Sikhs 2140: 1709:Suchak Prasang Guru Ka 1650: 734:Jathedar of Akal Takht 5683:Fariduddin Ganjshakar 5426:François Henri Mouton 5416:Jean-Baptiste Ventura 5255:Khushal Singh Jamadar 5042:Panchayati Revolution 5038:Hill States–Sikh Wars 4993:Second Anglo-Sikh War 4305:Qila Mubarak, Patiala 3841:Janamsakhi manuscript 3503:Johal, R. K. (2001). 3391:Baba Nanak Shah Fakir 3355:Baba Nanak Shah Fakir 3251:The Sikh Encyclopedia 2380: 2371:Further information: 2248:Max Arthur Macauliffe 2134: 1648: 1599:The Adi tradition of 1391:) and Muslim saints ( 954:Prachin Panth Prakash 97:settled life of Nanak 5464:Influential families 5421:Claude Auguste Court 5411:Jean-François Allard 5325:Surat Singh Majithia 5315:Lehna Singh Majithia 5120:Hill States Alliance 4973:Battle of Ferozeshah 4960:First Anglo-Sikh War 4680:Akhand Kirtani Jatha 4658:Piara Singh Bhaniara 4537:United Arab Emirates 4275:Hazuri Bagh Baradari 4005:Cannabis and Sikhism 3629:Donald Dawe (2011), 2946:W.H. McLeod (1990). 2243:Critical scholarship 1623:pre-partition Punjab 1456:improve this article 764:Sikhism and Hinduism 5755:Idolatry in Sikhism 5673:Nanakshahi calendar 5668:Sikh Light Infantry 5310:Amar Singh Majithia 5245:Mahan Singh Mirpuri 5036:, Katoch–Sikh War, 3317:. pp. 492–494. 3288:Singh, Dr. Kirpal. 3271:Singh, Dr. Kirpal. 3229:Singh, Dr. Kirpal. 2358:Pothi Bibi Rup Kaur 1894:(Sheikh Ibrahim) → 1731:. Singh claims the 1049:The Khalsa Advocate 959:Twarikh Guru Khalsa 794:Religion portal 774:Sikhism and Jainism 724:Nanakshahi calendar 5656:11th Sikh Regiment 5471:Sandhawalia family 5385:Sultan Mahmud Khan 5370:Jarnail Ghaus Khan 5355:Sangat Singh Saini 5250:Dewan Mokham Chand 5125:Kingdom of Mankera 5001:Battle of Ramnagar 4945:Battle of Peshawar 4940:Battle of Nowshera 4817:Battle of Bhangani 4295:Nanak Shahi bricks 4198:Tav-Prasad Savaiye 3990:Sikh Rehat Maryada 3985:Guru Maneyo Granth 3247:"BALA JANAM SAKHI" 2628:Gurdwara Baba Atal 2387: 2141: 2124:Bhai Mani Singh’s 1838:(Sheikh Sharaf) → 1742:, Guru Nanak left 1651: 1615:Mohan Singh Diwana 1249:Kavi Santokh Singh 1245:Guru Nanak Prakash 1154:Punjabi literature 1119:Tara Singh Narotam 1109:Ratan Singh Bhangu 1104:Kavi Santokh Singh 478:Sikh Rehat Maryada 445:Guru Maneyo Granth 91:childhood of Nanak 5860: 5859: 5541:Bandi Chhor Divas 5525: 5524: 5459: 5458: 5431:Alexander Gardner 5350:Kahan Singh Nakai 5335:Akali Phula Singh 5215:Diwan Bhawani Das 5052: 5051: 4983:Battle of Sobraon 4935:Battle of Shopian 4420:Jammu and Kashmir 4320:Well of Dina Nath 4148:Guru Granth Sahib 3961:Guru Granth Sahib 3956:Guru Gobind Singh 3951:Guru Tegh Bahadur 3564:978-1-4411-0231-7 3537:978-0-7914-1425-5 3235:. pp. 39–40. 3215:978-90-04-29745-6 3096:The Book of Nanak 3065:978-90-04-24236-4 2959:978-0-226-56085-4 2931:978-90-04-24236-4 2822:978-1-5064-2330-2 2795:978-0-19-100411-7 2768:978-0-19-908780-8 2741:978-90-04-29745-6 2711:978-0-19-969930-8 2191:Varan Bhai Gurdas 2155:) attributed to 2013:Guru Gobind Singh 1927:Vindhya mountains 1868:Nagapattinam Port 1703:and Mani Singh's 1511:The term Puratan 1488: 1487: 1480: 1235:, the founder of 1188: 1187: 942:Historiographical 830: 829: 769:Sikhism and Islam 699:Nirgun and Sargun 577:Guru Granth Sahib 226:Guru Granth Sahib 221:Guru Gobind Singh 216:Guru Tegh Bahadur 103: 102: 16:(Redirected from 5890: 5852: 5851: 5844: 5843: 5780:Punjabi language 5740:Women in Sikhism 5280:Balbhadra Kunwar 5240:Hari Singh Nalwa 5230:Misr Diwan Chand 5220:Diwan Buta Singh 5195: 5194: 5135:Barakzai dynasty 5110:Kingdom of Nepal 5064:Sikh Khalsa Army 5016:Battle of Gujrat 4978:Battle of Aliwal 4950:Battle of Jamrud 4930:Battle of Multan 4925:Battle of Attock 4917:Afghan–Sikh wars 4809:Mughal-Sikh Wars 4805: 4804: 4739: 4732: 4725: 4716: 4715: 4596:Sects of Sikhism 4562:Northern Ireland 4290:Moti Bagh Palace 4265:Bahadurgarh Fort 3963:(Sikh holy book) 3946:Guru Har Krishan 3875: 3868: 3861: 3852: 3851: 3815: 3796: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3751: 3730: 3729: 3715: 3706: 3689: 3688: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3653: 3644: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3521: 3508: 3501: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3480: 3465: 3448: 3447: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3386: 3377: 3376: 3350: 3341: 3340: 3330: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3305: 3296: 3295: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3258: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3201: 3184: 3183: 3091: 3070: 3069: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3022: 3016: 3009: 2998: 2997: 2977: 2964: 2963: 2943: 2937: 2935: 2915: 2896: 2895: 2885: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2836: 2827: 2826: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2725: 2716: 2715: 2695: 2668: 2662: 2616: 2607: 2598: 2589: 2580: 2571: 2562: 2553: 2544: 2535: 2516: 2507: 2498: 2489: 2480: 2471: 2445: 2433: 2325:Higher Criticism 2265:On the basis of 2202:Minor traditions 2153:Bhagat Ratnavali 2041:The first three 1723:and that Bala’s 1713:Guru Arjan Dev’s 1699:by stating that 1483: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1463: 1440: 1432: 1230: 1227: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1201: 1180: 1173: 1166: 1124:Kahn Singh Nabha 1114:Giani Gian Singh 1088: 1068: 1028: 993: 973: 943: 918: 898: 868: 859: 849: 839: 832: 831: 822: 815: 808: 792: 791: 758: 673: 620: 614: 569: 471: 439: 430: 421: 403: 318:Bhagat Trilochan 288:Bhagat Parmanand 241: 211:Guru Har Krishan 169: 128: 105: 104: 94:travels of Nanak 88:Three sections: 46: 37: 30: 29: 21: 5898: 5897: 5893: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5883:Religious texts 5873:Sikh literature 5863: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5834: 5796: 5567: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5485: 5476:Majithia family 5455: 5436:Paolo Avitabile 5399: 5380:Fakir Azizuddin 5290:Mehta Basti Ram 5210:Diwan Dina Nath 5186: 5150: 5130:Namgyal dynasty 5078: 5057:Military forces 5048: 5020: 5011:Siege of Multan 4987: 4968:Battle of Mudki 4954: 4911: 4800: 4794: 4770:Nau Nihal Singh 4748: 4743: 4703: 4588:and communities 4587: 4580: 4324: 4310:Ramgarhia Bunga 4221:Harmandir Sahib 4202: 4134: 4016: 4012:Diet in Sikhism 3966: 3897: 3884: 3879: 3822: 3812: 3793: 3777: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3752: 3733: 3713: 3707: 3692: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3654: 3647: 3634: 3628: 3624: 3611: 3607: 3592:10.2307/2052684 3576: 3572: 3565: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3522: 3511: 3502: 3487: 3478: 3476: 3466: 3451: 3440: 3436: 3428: 3420: 3416: 3401: 3387: 3380: 3365: 3351: 3344: 3331: 3322: 3314: 3306: 3299: 3286: 3282: 3269: 3265: 3256: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3227: 3223: 3216: 3202: 3187: 3155: 3154: 3140: 3139: 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Colebrooke 1501: 1493: 1491:Main traditions 1484: 1473: 1467: 1464: 1453: 1441: 1430: 1359: 1342: 1320: 1307: 1228: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1184: 1150:Sikh scriptures 1144: 1143: 1089: 1086: 1079: 1078: 1069: 1066: 1059: 1058: 1044:Khalsa Samachar 1029: 1026: 1019: 1018: 994: 991: 984: 983: 979:Ham Hindu Nahin 974: 971: 964: 963: 944: 941: 934: 933: 919: 916: 909: 908: 899: 896: 889: 888: 869: 866: 848:Sikh literature 847: 837: 826: 786: 779: 778: 759: 756: 749: 748: 674: 669: 662: 661: 632:Harmandir Sahib 622: 618: 612: 604: 603: 571: 567: 559: 558: 473: 469: 461: 460: 405: 401: 393: 392: 263:Bhagat Ramanand 243: 239: 231: 230: 171: 167: 49: 35: 34: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5896: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5878:Guru Nanak Dev 5875: 5858: 5857: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5806: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5777: 5772: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5659: 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5022: 5021: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4997: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4964: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4813: 4811: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4749: 4742: 4741: 4734: 4727: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4700: 4699: 4689: 4684: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4675:Damdami Taksal 4667: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4650: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4592: 4590: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4577: 4576: 4566: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4542:United Kingdom 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4334: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4212: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4193:Sukhmani Sahib 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4158:Sarbloh Granth 4155: 4150: 4144: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4035:Sikh practices 4032: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4008: 4007: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3976: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3964: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3936:Guru Hargobind 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3907: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3878: 3877: 3870: 3863: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3846:Gyan Ratnavali 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3821: 3820:External links 3818: 3817: 3816: 3810: 3797: 3791: 3775: 3774: 3762: 3731: 3690: 3675: 3668: 3645: 3622: 3605: 3570: 3563: 3543: 3536: 3509: 3485: 3449: 3434: 3431:. p. 495. 3414: 3399: 3378: 3363: 3342: 3320: 3297: 3280: 3263: 3238: 3221: 3214: 3185: 3104: 3071: 3064: 3044: 3037: 3017: 2999: 2992: 2965: 2958: 2938: 2930: 2897: 2876:(1): 389–402. 2856: 2849: 2828: 2821: 2801: 2794: 2774: 2767: 2747: 2740: 2717: 2710: 2669: 2653: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2611: 2609: 2602: 2600: 2593: 2591: 2584: 2582: 2575: 2573: 2566: 2564: 2557: 2555: 2548: 2546: 2539: 2537: 2530: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2511: 2509: 2502: 2500: 2493: 2491: 2484: 2482: 2475: 2473: 2466: 2455: 2454:B40 Janamsakhi 2452: 2451: 2450: 2447: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2428: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2368: 2362: 2336: 2333: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2286:traditions and 2280: 2277: 2274: 2244: 2241: 2215: 2212: 2203: 2200: 2128: 2122: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2083: 2064:Mechhendranath 1984: 1978: 1915:Jagannath Puri 1642: 1636: 1596: 1590: 1521:Bhai Vir Singh 1515:means ancient 1500: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1444: 1442: 1435: 1429: 1423: 1358: 1357:Didactic texts 1355: 1341: 1340:Sikh tradition 1338: 1319: 1316: 1306: 1303: 1186: 1185: 1183: 1182: 1175: 1168: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1090: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1054:Gurmat Parkash 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1009:Faridkot Teeka 1006: 1001: 995: 990: 989: 986: 985: 982: 981: 975: 970: 969: 966: 965: 962: 961: 956: 951: 945: 940: 939: 936: 935: 932: 931: 929:Jhatka Parkash 926: 920: 915: 914: 911: 910: 907: 906: 900: 895: 894: 891: 890: 887: 886: 881: 876: 870: 867:Hagiographical 865: 864: 861: 860: 852: 851: 843: 842: 828: 827: 825: 824: 817: 810: 802: 799: 798: 797: 796: 781: 780: 777: 776: 771: 766: 760: 755: 754: 751: 750: 747: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 675: 671:General topics 668: 667: 664: 663: 660: 659: 654: 649: 644: 642:Keshgarh Sahib 639: 634: 629: 623: 610: 609: 606: 605: 602: 601: 594: 591:Sarbloh Granth 587: 580: 572: 565: 564: 561: 560: 557: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 474: 467: 466: 463: 462: 459: 458: 453: 448: 441: 432: 423: 414: 406: 399: 398: 395: 394: 391: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 283:Bhagat Bhikhan 280: 278:Bhagat Sadhana 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 253:Bhagat Ravidas 250: 244: 237: 236: 233: 232: 229: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 201:Guru Hargobind 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 172: 165: 164: 161: 160: 159: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 130: 129: 121: 120: 114: 113: 101: 100: 99: 98: 95: 92: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 70: 66: 65: 60: 56: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5895: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5855: 5847: 5837: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5820:Kesgarh Sahib 5818: 5816: 5815:Damdama Sahib 5813: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5799: 5793: 5790: 5785: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 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4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4902:Gurdas Nangal 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4877:Chappar Chiri 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4721: 4720: 4717: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4672: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4665:Agrahari Sikh 4663: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4586:Groups, sects 4583: 4575: 4574:U.S. Military 4572: 4571: 4570: 4569:United States 4567: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4543: 4540: 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4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4085:Three Pillars 4083: 4081: 4080:Antam Sanskar 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4070:Amrit Sanchar 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3995:The 52 Hukams 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3921:Guru Amar Das 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3871: 3869: 3864: 3862: 3857: 3856: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3813: 3811:0-19-567308-5 3807: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3792:81-7536-132-8 3788: 3784: 3779: 3778: 3771: 3766: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3728: 3723: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3686: 3679: 3671: 3669:0-8223-3824-6 3665: 3661: 3660: 3652: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3618: 3617: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3566: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3547: 3539: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3506: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3475: 3471: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3445: 3438: 3427: 3426: 3418: 3411: 3409: 3402: 3400:9789357046602 3396: 3392: 3385: 3383: 3375: 3373: 3366: 3364:9789357046602 3360: 3356: 3349: 3347: 3338: 3337: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3313: 3312: 3304: 3302: 3294:. p. 43. 3293: 3292: 3284: 3277:. p. 41. 3276: 3275: 3267: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3234: 3233: 3225: 3217: 3211: 3207: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3182: 3181:authenticity. 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3105:9788184750225 3101: 3097: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3067: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3048: 3040: 3038:9788172053116 3034: 3030: 3029: 3021: 3014: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2995: 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2285: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2268: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2233:Mata Sulakhni 2230: 2226: 2221: 2211: 2209: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2192: 2187: 2186: 2180: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2139:'s Janamsakhi 2138: 2133: 2127: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2105:sect and the 2104: 2100: 2091: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1931:Narabad River 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1866:(Nur Shah) → 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1800:Chhanga Manga 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1770:→ Ghavindi → 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748:eastern India 1745: 1741: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1721:Nankana Sahib 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1701:Mehma Parkash 1698: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1647: 1641: 1635: 1633: 1628: 1627:Harbans Singh 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1602: 1595: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1499: 1482: 1479: 1471: 1468:December 2013 1461: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1445:This section 1443: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1427: 1422: 1419: 1416:, to which a 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1385: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1354: 1352: 1347: 1337: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1315: 1312: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1294:Suraj Prakash 1289: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1226: 1210: 1205: 1197: 1193: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 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545: 544:Amrit Sanskar 542: 540: 537: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 472: 465: 464: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 446: 442: 440: 438: 433: 431: 429: 424: 422: 420: 415: 413: 412: 408: 407: 404: 397: 396: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 363:Bhatt Mathura 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 348:Bhatt Harbans 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 323:Bhatt Kalshar 321: 319: 316: 314: 313:Bhagat Jaidev 311: 309: 308:Bhagat Surdas 306: 304: 301: 299: 298:Bhagat Dhanna 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 273:Bhagat Namdev 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 245: 242: 235: 234: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 186:Guru Amar Das 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 173: 170: 163: 162: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 133: 132: 131: 127: 123: 122: 119: 116: 115: 111: 107: 106: 96: 93: 90: 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Kabir 206:Guru Har Rai 191:Guru Ram Das 5830:Patna Sahib 5825:Hazur Sahib 5360:Hukma Singh 5275:Gulab Singh 5205:Dhian Singh 5177:Lahore Fort 5167:Multan Fort 5162:Jamrud Fort 5115:Qing Empire 5083:Adversaries 5069:Fauj-i-Khas 4746:Sikh Empire 4709:Sikh Empire 4687:Singh Sabha 4616:Nanakpanthi 4527:Switzerland 4517:South Korea 4477:New Zealand 4472:Netherlands 4343:Afghanistan 4173:Japji Sahib 4105:The Five Ks 4100:Vand Chhako 4065:Anand Karaj 3770:Janam-sākhī 3408:janamsakhis 3372:janamsakhis 3120:janamsakhis 3112:janamsakhis 2260:janamsakhis 2256:Janamsakhis 2237:Rai Bhullar 2229:Bebe Nanaki 2225:Mata Tripta 2118:janamsakhis 2099:janamsakhis 2048:Mata Tripta 1987:Of all the 1963:Afghanistan 1605:Adi Sakhian 1578:Daulat Khan 1525:janamsakhis 1517:janamsakhis 1513:janamsakhis 1409:janamsakhis 1397:janamsakhis 1329:janamsakhis 1311:janamsakhis 1288:janamsakhis 1277:Akal Purakh 1209:Janam-sākhī 1192:Janamsakhis 1129:Sumer Singh 1099:Kavi Darbar 1027:Periodicals 999:Gobind Gita 657:Hazur Sahib 652:Patna Sahib 549:Anand Karaj 508:The Five Ks 428:Vand Chakkō 388:Balvand Rai 378:Baba Sundar 358:Bhatt Kirat 353:Bhatt Jalap 338:Bhatt Bhika 333:Bhatt Bhalh 303:Bhagat Pipa 293:Bhagat Sain 268:Bhagat Beni 54:Information 5867:Categories 5810:Akal Takht 5750:In Fiction 5735:Ravidassia 5703:Dharamyudh 5626:Literature 5616:Panj Pyare 5556:Mela Maghi 5404:Foreigners 5365:Veer Singh 5340:Chandu Lal 5074:Fauj-i-Ain 4780:Sher Singh 4775:Chand Kaur 4631:Sewapanthi 4358:Bangladesh 4330:By country 4300:Pul Kanjri 4270:Fateh Burj 4183:Jaap Sahib 4168:Mul Mantar 4090:Kirat Karo 4075:Amrit Velā 4060:Naam Karan 4040:Sikh rites 3972:Philosophy 3931:Guru Arjan 3916:Guru Angad 3911:Guru Nanak 3637:Janamsakhi 3479:2023-05-28 3474:Articulate 3257:2021-12-28 3178:janamsakhi 3174:janamsakhi 3170:janamsakhi 3166:janamsakhi 3162:janamsakhi 3158:janamsakhi 3151:janamsakhi 3147:janamsakhi 3143:janamsakhi 3141:The third 3125:janamsakhi 3116:janamsakhi 2665:Guru Nanak 2649:References 2638:Bhat Vahis 2634:literature 2632:Janamsakhi 2391:janamsakhi 2383:janamsakhi 2365:Janamsakhi 2346:Guru Arjan 2284:janamsakhi 2220:Sikh women 2208:janamsakhi 2177:janamsakhi 2172:janamsakhi 2168:janamsakhi 2164:janamsakhi 2145:janamsakhi 2126:janamsakhi 2060:Gorakhnath 2017:janamsakhi 2001:Guru Arjan 1993:janamsakhi 1989:janamsakhi 1982:janamsakhi 1939:Saurashtra 1919:Rameswaram 1892:Pak Pattan 1880:Chittagong 1828:Kurushetra 1733:janamsakhi 1727:exists in 1705:janamsakhi 1697:janamsakhi 1690:janamsakhi 1681:janamsakhi 1674:janamsakhi 1663:Guru Angad 1655:janamsakhi 1640:janamsakhi 1638:Bhai Bala 1632:janamsakhi 1601:janamsakhi 1594:janamsakhi 1561:janamsakhi 1553:janamsakhi 1549:janamsakhi 1545:janamsakhi 1540:janamsakhi 1533:janamsakhi 1505:janamsakhi 1498:janamsakhi 1428:traditions 1426:Janamsakhi 1404:janamsakhi 1378:janamsakhi 1371:Adi Granth 1367:janamsakhi 1363:janamsakhi 1351:janamsakhi 1346:janamsakhi 1334:janamsakhi 1324:janamsakhi 1299:janamsakhi 1256:janamsakhi 1241:janamsakhi 1233:Guru Nanak 949:Bhat Vahis 924:Rehatnamas 904:Mahan Kosh 874:Janamsakhi 709:Literature 694:Panj Pyare 637:Akal Takht 598:Five Banis 539:Naam Karan 498:Amrit Velā 419:Kirat Karō 402:Philosophy 383:Satta Doom 373:Bhatt Salh 368:Bhatt Nalh 328:Bhatt Balh 196:Guru Arjan 181:Guru Angad 176:Guru Nanak 168:Sikh gurus 33:Janamsakhi 18:Janamsakhi 5760:Criticism 5678:Ramananda 5533:Festivals 5270:Lal Singh 5265:Tej Singh 5142:of Poonch 4892:Jalalabad 4801:conflicts 4785:Jind Kaur 4626:Nirankari 4507:Singapore 4437:Indonesia 4373:Vancouver 4348:Australia 4140:Scripture 4095:Naam Japo 4022:Practices 2892:2582-7472 2196:Bhai Bala 2097:regarded 2076:Kali Yuga 2009:successor 1980:Miharban 1923:Sri Lanka 1904:Kartarpur 1884:Dibrugarh 1872:Sri Lanka 1858:→ Kauru, 1856:Nanakmata 1848:Allahabad 1760:Gobindwal 1752:Hakimpura 1744:Sultanpur 1659:Bhai Bala 1653:The Bala 1574:Sultanpur 1281:Kartarpur 1254:The four 1134:Vir Singh 1074:Hukamnama 972:Rebuttals 884:Sau Sakhi 729:Criticism 568:Scripture 470:Practices 411:Naam Japo 5854:Category 5784:Gurmukhī 5775:Punjabis 5718:Hinduism 5646:Politics 5606:Waheguru 5601:Ik Onkar 5563:Vaisakhi 5490:Treaties 4872:Sadhaura 4842:Chamkaur 4799:Military 4641:Ramraiya 4611:Namdhari 4552:Scotland 4532:Thailand 4492:Pakistan 4462:Malaysia 4338:Diaspora 4216:Gurdwara 3891:Glossary 3641:Volume I 2622:See also 2385:sketches 2373:Sikh art 2309:Miharban 2111:Miharban 2107:Miharban 2028:Miharban 1896:Goindval 1888:Talvandi 1824:Thanesar 1804:Chuhnian 1780:Eminabad 1764:Fatehbad 1746:towards 1547:.) This 1496:Puratan 1389:mu'jizat 1305:Overview 1264:Miharban 992:Exegeses 838:a series 835:Part of 689:Waheguru 679:Ik Onkar 627:Gurdwara 535:(Turban) 156:Glossary 110:a series 108:Part of 85:Chapters 59:Religion 5846:Outline 5770:History 5713:Jainism 5586:Culture 5581:History 5198:Natives 5140:Sudhans 4887:Lohgarh 4867:Sirhind 4857:Sonepat 4852:Muktsar 4636:Nirmala 4547:England 4405:Germany 4395:Finland 4385:Denmark 4363:Belgium 4353:Austria 4178:Chaupai 4163:Gurbani 4125:Dasvand 3895:History 3882:Sikhism 3600:2052684 2415:Gallery 2147:is the 2056:Siddhas 1971:Baghdad 1949:Kashmir 1943:Mathura 1911:Ayodhya 1852:Banaras 1844:Hardwar 1836:Panipat 1788:Sahowal 1784:Sialkot 1729:Khadaur 1725:samadhi 1717:Khadaur 1565:Vaisakh 1393:karamat 1384:itihasa 1272:Puratan 1237:Sikhism 1225:stories 1217: 1200:ਜਨਮਸਾਖੀ 1196:Punjabi 1087:Authors 1067:Letters 503:Dasvand 151:History 146:Outline 118:Sikhism 72:Various 63:Sikhism 36:ਜਨਮਸਾਖੀ 5765:Punjab 5698:Dastar 5693:Sardar 5641:Places 5611:Khanda 5025:Others 4862:Samana 4827:Basoli 4822:Nadaun 4753:Rulers 4621:Nihang 4601:Khalsa 4522:Sweden 4502:Poland 4497:Panama 4487:Norway 4430:Punjab 4410:Greece 4400:France 4368:Canada 4251:Europe 4241:Africa 4188:Rehras 4130:Jhatka 4110:Simran 4055:Langar 4050:Kirtan 4030:Khalsa 3808: 3789: 3666: 3598: 3561: 3534: 3397: 3361: 3212: 3102: 3062: 3035: 2990: 2956: 2928: 2890: 2847: 2819: 2792: 2765: 2738: 2708: 2352:. For 2305:sakhis 2301:sakhis 2231:, and 2087:dharma 2072:bhagat 2070:and a 2043:sakhis 2032:Khatri 1967:Persia 1935:Ujjain 1900:Lahore 1860:Kamrup 1832:Karnal 1820:Pehows 1812:Rohtak 1808:Hissar 1796:Pasrur 1772:Khalra 1768:Chahal 1756:Lahore 1619:Lahore 1582:amrita 1569:khatri 1318:Origin 1223:birth 917:Praxis 704:Khanda 684:Khalsa 619:Takhts 613:Places 533:Dastar 528:Nitnem 523:Simran 513:Langar 493:Kirtan 141:Topics 136:People 77:Period 69:Author 5802:Takht 5730:Sikhs 5708:Islam 5688:Kabir 5636:Names 5631:Music 5621:Films 5596:Music 5551:Maghi 5155:Forts 4907:Delhi 4897:Jammu 4882:Rahon 4847:Sarsa 4670:Jatha 4646:Udasi 4557:Wales 4467:Nepal 4457:Japan 4452:Italy 4425:Kochi 4415:India 4380:China 4045:Ardās 3903:Gurus 3714:(PDF) 3596:JSTOR 3429:(PDF) 3315:(PDF) 2888:eISSN 2643:Sakhi 2021:Varan 1975:Mecca 1957:Achal 1876:Patna 1864:Assam 1840:Delhi 1816:Sirsa 1792:Ugoke 1776:Manga 1740:udasi 1610:sakhi 1503:This 1414:Kaaba 897:Lexis 744:Sects 719:Names 714:Music 488:Ardās 5723:Rama 4606:Mina 4482:Niue 4447:Iraq 4442:Iran 4390:Fiji 4246:Asia 4236:List 4115:Sewa 3893:and 3806:ISBN 3787:ISBN 3664:ISBN 3559:ISBN 3532:ISBN 3395:ISBN 3359:ISBN 3210:ISBN 3100:ISBN 3060:ISBN 3033:ISBN 2988:ISBN 2954:ISBN 2926:ISBN 2845:ISBN 2817:ISBN 2790:ISBN 2763:ISBN 2736:ISBN 2706:ISBN 2389:The 2317:Mina 2313:Bala 2185:Vaar 2115:Bala 2113:and 2103:Mina 2036:Jatt 2026:The 1997:Mina 1592:Adi 1586:Naam 1418:Qadi 1402:The 1344:The 1322:The 1309:The 1270:and 1260:Bala 1214:lit. 1204:IAST 1190:The 616:and 518:Sewa 5591:Art 4697:3HO 3755:doi 3588:doi 2878:doi 2462:): 2367:art 2188:of 2068:pir 1886:→ 1862:in 1617:in 1458:by 1268:Adi 739:War 5869:: 5044:, 5040:, 5032:, 3734:^ 3722:15 3720:. 3716:. 3693:^ 3648:^ 3594:. 3584:32 3582:. 3512:^ 3488:^ 3472:. 3452:^ 3403:. 3381:^ 3367:. 3345:^ 3323:^ 3300:^ 3249:. 3188:^ 3108:. 3074:^ 3002:^ 2968:^ 2900:^ 2886:. 2872:. 2868:. 2831:^ 2720:^ 2672:^ 2657:^ 2360:. 2227:, 2179:. 2062:, 1973:→ 1969:→ 1965:→ 1955:→ 1951:→ 1941:→ 1937:→ 1933:→ 1929:→ 1925:→ 1921:→ 1917:→ 1913:→ 1906:. 1902:→ 1898:→ 1878:→ 1874:→ 1870:→ 1854:→ 1850:→ 1846:→ 1834:→ 1830:→ 1826:→ 1822:→ 1818:→ 1814:→ 1810:→ 1806:→ 1802:→ 1794:→ 1790:→ 1786:→ 1782:→ 1778:→ 1762:→ 1758:→ 1665:. 1621:, 1266:, 1262:, 1251:. 1212:, 1206:: 1202:, 1198:: 1152:• 841:on 112:on 5786:) 5782:( 4738:e 4731:t 4724:v 3874:e 3867:t 3860:v 3814:. 3795:. 3757:: 3672:. 3602:. 3590:: 3567:. 3540:. 3482:. 3260:. 3218:. 3068:. 3041:. 2996:. 2962:. 2934:. 2894:. 2880:: 2874:4 2853:. 2825:. 2798:. 2771:. 2744:. 2714:. 1882:→ 1754:→ 1481:) 1475:( 1470:) 1466:( 1452:. 1229:' 1220:' 1194:( 1179:e 1172:t 1165:v 821:e 814:t 807:v 20:)

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