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mimicking larger natural formations such as mountains and bodies of water. The second purpose is to form rock clusters. In
Japanese Gardens, rocks are often clustered with one large rock as the base stone. Others are arranged around it so they agree with the mood or order set forth by the base. Those groups of rocks often appear to have order and flow while remaining asymmetrical. Thirdly, rocks can also serve the purpose of guiding the eyes to other parts of the garden. They point viewers toward the focal point of the design of the garden. Paths and stepping-stones are formed in irregular patterns so people slow down and notice the design around them. In addition, Shinto is a fundamental principle in Japanese gardening where rocks have a decorative duty depending on their positions. A tall stone standing erect of the ground, for example, is associated to masculinity, while a low flat stone represents femininity, mirroring Shinto belief that all things in nature contain gender equilibrium. The Japanese Tea Garden is a mixture of influential Shinto and Buddhist religious beliefs.
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following the
Midwinter Exposition of 1894. However, when Japanese-Americans were thrown into internment camps in 1942, the dwarf trees left with the Hagiwara family. These trees were then sold to Dr. Hugh and Audrey Fraser, who in her will, entrusted the trees back to the Japanese Tea Garden. Samuel Newsom, an expert on Japanese Gardens and Japanese trees, redesigned the dwarf trees in 1965 after the dwarf trees returned to the garden. Newsom designed the dwarf trees onto the hillside, next to the waterfall, and, in 1966 planted more below the Temple Gate. Most of these dwarf trees originated in Japan, brought over by the Hagiwara family. The oldest tree was a Japanese black pine, which is now on a bamboo frame next to the Tea House. In 2005, the San Francisco Parks Trust and the San Francisco Recreation and Park Development repaired additional landscape and recognized the history of the trees via plaques.
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600:, and these Kami are what determine the fortune of those living on Earth. The garden is designed so as to promote the happiness of these spirits, and to properly coexist with them. Cleanliness is also greatly emphasized in Shinto, which can also be noticed in the structure of the park, the park is not meant to appear crowded or difficult to navigate. In addition, the waterfall found in the garden is symbolic to the fact that cleansing of bad spirits by waterfall is considered the purest way to cleanse oneself in Shinto. Though the design is meant to convey many different elements of nature, flow, and Zen, all fundamentals in Buddhism, it is done simply.
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310:'s agreement with Hagiwara, the displacement of his family disrupted their stay at a promised century long home and the family was not allowed back or reimbursed after the war ended. In the period of their absence, the garden was renamed "The Oriental Tea Garden," and some structures expressing Japanese sentiment were demolished, including the Hagiwara home, and the original Shinto Shrine. Japanese tea servers were replaced with Chinese women in their traditional dress.
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322:, presented a 9,000 pound Lantern of Peace. The lantern was commissioned in small donations by the children of Japan as a symbol of friendship toward future generations in the United States. At this time, Nagao Sakurai designed a "Peace Garden" and a karesansui or dry landscape garden. Karesansui are commonly referred to as Zen Gardens outside of Japan, but that name was assigned by those foreign to Japan. In 1974, a plaque contrived by artist,
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gravel represent waterfalls, oceans, and mountains. Plants are sometimes, but not always, features in a karesansui garden. Entire landscapes can be represented by the use of thoughtfully arranged stone. The term “Zen Garden” was coined by
American author Lorraine Kuck in her 1935 book titled “One Hundred Kyoto Gardens”. Although many of these gardens can be found at Zen Buddhist temples, karesansui are not exclusively associated with Zen.
625:) seen around the garden, like the Lantern of Peace that followed World War II, are representative of the five elements of Buddhism. The bases of the lanterns symbolize the earth, while the next section is water, the light is fire, and the following two sections symbolize the air and spirit respectively. The lanterns as a whole symbolize the coming together of all five elements in the harmony of nature, another example of wabi-sabi.
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291:, a Japanese immigrant and gardener, was then hired to manage the garden. He personally oversaw the modification of the temporary Japanese Village fair exhibit to the permanent Japanese Tea Garden and was official caretaker of the garden for most of the time between 1895 and 1925. He imported from Japan many plants, birds, and the now famous koi fish, and he more than tripled the size of the garden.
349:. The origin of the tea ceremony dates back to 1203 AD, "with Buddhist priests of the Zen sect, who found the infusion useful in keeping them awake during midnight devotions." As it developed, the ceremony eventually earned the name Chanoyu, which, in literal translation means "hot water for tea." Today, the heart of the tradition is the elegant making and pouring of whipped green tea, also called
489:, found in the Japanese Tea Garden, is a water basin originally used by guests to purify themselves before taking part in the tea ceremony. The dry garden at the Japanese Tea Garden represents the importance of water through wave patterns and artificial islands created by rocks. Water has remained an integral representation of Japanese Gardens and its connection to the elite world of immortals.
353:. When the "ceremony is well executed, an unspoken and perhaps inexpressible Zen quality lingers in the air." As Tea Ceremonies became more widespread, they eventually became associated with the presence or nature, more specifically with the presence of a garden. Over time, the tea house became "the transcendent viewing place for contemplating the landscape" in a traditional tea garden.
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often incorporated into meditation. In this way, sport/fitness can help achieve the connection between mind, body, and spirit. Many monks and nuns include exercise in their daily routines. It is also believed that Buddha himself said, "Good health is the highest gain." The steep stairs are also a reference to the climb Buddha made to the top of
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Shinshichi
Nakatani for his unique contribution to the City and to the charm of the Japanese Tea Garden." The bridge's Japanese design, which was adapted from the Chinese, has 3 main functions: to slow people down, to let barges on the canal go smoothly under the bridge, and to reflect a full circle on the water resembling a drum.
592:, and even Taoism. All of these religions have a large emphasis on the importance of nature, and the importance of being one with nature. The placement of rocks, the way the water flows, the route of the paths, the placement of the trees, everything has to be done in such a way that promotes a natural flow, as emphasized in
568:, which states that all things are imperfect, irregular, and impermanent. This principle is shown in the garden through the winding pathways, stones of many different sizes, and abstract placements of objects. Additionally, the changing of the waves in the dry Zen Garden is a tradition that honors wabi-sabi.
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in 1894, though it has been rebuilt several times. In a description of the garden published in 1950, at a time when it was "dubbed the
Oriental Tea Garden" the author, Katherine Wilson, states that "further along from the Wishing Bridge was the thatched teahouse, where for three generations the women
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in the United States, this complex of many paths, ponds and a teahouse features plants and trees pruned and arranged in a
Japanese style. The garden's 3 acres contain sculptures and structures influenced by Buddhist and Shinto religious beliefs, as well as many elements of water and rocks to create a
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Today, the
Monterey pine trees are among the more labor-intensive in the garden, according to previous landscape supervisor of Golden Gate Park, Ed Schuster. Every three years, the pines are layered into zig-zagged planes, creating an artistic design favored in traditional Japanese landscapes. These
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was gifted to the garden in honor of Makoto
Hagiwara and his family for their dedication to the garden's beginnings and expansion. The San Francisco Recreation & Park Department, which has maintained the garden since 1942, named the road bordering the garden Hagiwara Tea Garden Drive in 1986 to
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expresses the incomplete and dynamic nature of everything around us. The yin-yang symbolizes multiple parts that come together to create a larger whole, and that nothing on its own is entirely whole or static. The coming together of water and stone is symbolic of the yin-yang in numerous locations
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Water commonly plays a large role in
Japanese gardens and serves to highlight purity and liveliness. Ponds and waterfalls are often placed with precise orientations with respect to the sun to determine the reflection. In the native Japanese religion, ponds were created for sacred reasons as places
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and dedicated on
January 8, 1953. A waterfall and a body of water are represented by large stones and gravel raked in waves. Islands are in the shape of tortoises, which are symbols of immortality and good luck. A karesansui, or dry landscape garden, is a style of Japanese garden where stones and
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Many aesthetic elements of the garden catch the attention of tourists and can be traced back to Buddhist philosophy. The steep stairs in the garden are an element of nearly every center devoted to Buddhism. It is believed in Buddhism that Zen can be reached through stair climbing, as movement is
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The aesthetics of the garden are further influenced by the principle of concealment, which involves messages that come in pieces to ultimately reveal a larger picture. For example, the dragon hedge of the Japanese Tea Garden only reveals itself as a dragon after being followed from tail to head.
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Rocks are integral components of the traditional Japanese garden. They are generally thought of as the backbone of the arrangement of the space and as "dwelling places of gods, tokens of regal power, and symbols of longevity." Rocks serve three main purposes in the garden, the first of which is
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The trees of the Japanese Tea Garden have more than a century-long history. The garden consists of a variety of trees, including flowering cherry trees, azaleas, magnolias, camellias, Japanese maples, pines, cedars and cypresses. The dwarf trees were planted by the Hagiwara family in the years
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Extended scenery makes the limited space of the garden appear larger with the use of natural elements around its outside. Although the Japanese Tea Garden is located in the city of San Francisco, one cannot tell the garden is surrounded by an urban scene when inside. It is encompassed in tall
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As a place of sacred ritual, a Japanese tea garden is highly representative of both Japanese culture and religious philosophy through the respected art forms of landscaping and architecture. Japanese aesthetics have been largely influenced by the geographic location of Japan, with emphases on
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A taiko bashi, or drum bridge is a highly arched pedestrian bridge found in Chinese and Japanese gardens. It is thus named because when reflected on the water, the full circle shape it creates resembles a drum. Today a bronze plaque at the bridge "recognizes the dedication and expertise of
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which led to the relocation of Japanese Americans, the Shinto shine was demolished and the Buddhist pagoda replaced the open space. This placement of the pagoda is strange in a religious context because it was within an area bounded by the ‘mizugaki’, a traditional shinto picket fence.
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Miniaturization is the principle of evoking the entire of spirit of nature in a limited physical space (the Japanese Tea Garden of San Francisco is only 5 acres). It also encompasses the use of small stones and other small elements to represent the yin-yang. The Buddhist value of
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In postwar 1952, the title "Japanese Tea Garden" was reinstated and the Hagiwara family offered minimal assistance in the beautification of the garden. The period that followed was one of reconciliation. In 1949, a bronze Buddha was donated by the Gump family. Because the 1951
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in America and rising anti Japanese sentiment, Takano Hagiwara and her family were evicted from the family's home and sent to an internment camp. 120,000 Japanese and Americans of Japanese descent were sent to internment camps during the war. Despite
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The distinctive and particular architecture and design of the Japanese Tea Garden is influenced by various aspects of Japanese culture and, more specifically, Japanese religion. The most prominent of these being the ancient Japanese religion of
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The fourth principle, asymmetry, is in some ways a continuation of the yin-yang. Asymmetry stresses the abstract and ever-changing nature of everything around us. This aesthetic principle is largely representative of the Buddhist principle of
427:. There are two types of pagodas: tombs, for high ranking Buddhist monks, and shrines, used for worship. The pagoda in this garden is the latter. The pagoda in the garden was moved from its original spot about sixty feet West to where the
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of the Hagiwara family, in their gaily, flowered kimonos, served tea and rice cakes." Within Japanese Culture, the connection between the serenity of nature and the drinking of tea comes from a sacred tradition, the
287:. It was built by Australian born George Turner Marsh, who hired Japanese craftsmen to construct the site. After the close of the fair, Marsh sold his concession to the city of San Francisco for $ 4,500.
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for the gods to roam while the surrounding stones were utilized as seats. The auditory atmosphere of the Japanese Tea Garden is created through the blissful and peaceful sound of the moving water.
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throughout the San Francisco Japanese Tea Garden, as seen in the waterfalls, water basins made of stone, flat stones across the ponds, and waves in the stones of the dry Zen Garden.
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The design of a Japanese tea garden is largely influenced by four main aesthetic principles in Japanese culture: miniaturization, concealment, extended scenery, and asymmetry.
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Following Makoto Hagiwara's death in 1925 his daughter, Takano Hagiwara, and her children became the proprietors and maintainers of the garden. With the onset of
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shrine. It, along with the Temple Gate, was built as a temporary indoor display for the Japanese section inside the Palace of Food Products at the 1915
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The Tea House is located by the water, and is surrounded by views of different aspects of the garden. The Tea House currently offers six kinds of tea:
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Jennifer 8. Lee. (January 16, 2008. p. F1, F6). Solving a Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside a Cookie, New York Times. Retrieved on March 15, 2008.
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Brown, Kendall (20 June 2012). "Rashômo : the multiple histories of the Japanese Tea Garden at Golden Gate Park".
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pines average sixty feet tall, so city arborists use ropes to climb to the tops and take great care pruning each tree.
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A pagoda is a narrow building with a multi-tiered roof style that originates from the Buddhist religion in
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closed, the South Gate, the Temple Gate, and the Pagoda were acquired from that fair's Japanese exhibits.
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Gary Ono, (2007-10-31). "Japanese American Fortune Cookie: A Taste of Fame or Fortune -- Part II".
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The Tea House has been a part of the Japanese Tea Garden since its creation at the
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Fowler, Micheal. "Sound as a Considered Design Parameter in the Japanese Garden".
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was signed in San Francisco, on January 8, 1953, Yasasuke Katsuno, the Japanese
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The Japanese Tea Garden began as the Japanese Village and Tea Garden at the
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University of San Francisco students enjoy tea and snacks at the Tea House
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Gardenwalks in California: Beautiful Gardens from San Diego to Mendocino
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shrine originally stood. Due to local anti-Japanese sentiment during
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religion can be seen in the design of the Japanese Tea Garden.
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McClintock, Elizabeth May; Turner, Richard G. (2001-01-01).
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Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes
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and Tea Sandwiches, and some of which are sweet including
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Lagos, Marisa. "S.F. wants more of Japan in Tea Garden."
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Makoto Hagiwara and San Francisco's Japanese Tea Garden
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North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts
1630:"Japanese Aesthetics, Wabi-Sabi, and the Tea Ceremony"
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greenery that visually extend the size of the garden.
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Tea Garden's radiant foliage invites quiet reflection
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California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894
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Quiet Beauty: The Japanese Gardens of North America
1552:"Visual Perception in Japanese Rock Garden Design"
1754:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2019.
1472:"5 JAPONIŠKO SODO ELEMENTAI | Japoniškas sodas"
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1550:Tonder, Gert J. Van; Lyons, Michael J. (2005).
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2460:William Hammond Hall
2002:Le Poème de la Vigne
621:The stone lanterns (
331:Significant features
2162:Stow Lake Boathouse
2122:Japanese Tea Garden
2092:AIDS Memorial Grove
1697:"What is Yin Yang?"
1383:. Web. 3 Nov. 2015.
1379:13.1 (1969): 8-13.
1337:. Web. 3 Nov. 2015.
1215:. Web. 3 Nov. 2015.
1136:www.timeshutter.com
1033:. Chronicle Books.
222:Japanese Tea Garden
124: /
37:Japanese Tea Garden
26:Japanese Tea Garden
2097:Alvord Lake Bridge
1764:2009-04-04 at the
1452:www.japanorbit.com
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2009:Prayer Book Cross
1896:
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1516:on March 23, 2016
1377:Pacific Historian
636:in the Tea Garden
285:1894 World's Fair
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95:Nearest city
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2571:Golden Gate Park
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2328:Carl and Hillway
2323:Carl and Stanyan
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2450:Makoto Hagiwara
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2142:Music Concourse
2137:Murphy Windmill
2117:De Young Museum
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1931:The Cider Press
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2127:Kezar Pavilion
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1331:SACRAMENTO BEE
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1014:An Invitation
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1789:
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1728:. Retrieved
1724:
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1704:. Retrieved
1701:Personal Tao
1700:
1691:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:the original
1671:
1640:. Retrieved
1636:
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1582:
1573:
1567:
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1530:
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1511:the original
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1360:. Retrieved
1356:the original
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1140:the original
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1111:the original
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963:. Retrieved
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308:John McLaren
303:World War II
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2413:46th Avenue
2408:43rd Avenue
2403:40th Avenue
2393:34th Avenue
2388:31st Avenue
2383:28th Avenue
2378:25th Avenue
2373:22nd Avenue
2368:19th Avenue
2363:15th Avenue
2353:12th Avenue
2300:Lincoln Way
2200:Human Be-In
2147:Polo Fields
1868:Hippie Hill
1725:Dhamma Wiki
1520:November 1,
634:moon bridge
541:Concealment
440:Drum bridge
131: /
119:122°28′13″W
106:Coordinates
2555:Categories
2540:See also:
2348:9th Avenue
1873:Lloyd Lake
1846:California
1742:References
1730:2015-11-03
1706:2015-11-03
1682:2015-10-12
1642:2015-11-03
1598:1860647405
1559:Axiomathes
1481:2015-11-05
1457:2015-11-05
1403:2015-11-05
1362:2015-11-05
1282:. Heyday.
1262:2015-11-05
1194:2015-11-05
1170:2015-11-05
1146:2015-11-05
1117:2015-11-05
1088:2015-11-05
1064:2015-11-05
965:2018-10-19
943:2018-10-19
922:2018-10-19
901:2020-05-18
853:2015-12-09
806:2024-03-08
382:Iced Green
324:Ruth Asawa
238:California
116:37°46′12″N
85:California
2223:Transport
1878:Panhandle
1607:cite book
566:Wabi-sabi
559:Asymmetry
423:and East
394:Kuzumochi
378:Genmaicha
2418:La Playa
2316:stations
1762:Archived
1672:LostinSF
1335:NewsBank
1213:NewsBank
590:Buddhism
534:yin-yang
509:Buddhist
487:Tsukubai
410:Buddhist
263:and the
226:Japanese
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2358:Funston
641:Gallery
390:Edamame
374:Hōjicha
366:Jasmine
271:History
209:Website
157: (
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2488:Claude
2398:Sunset
2180:Events
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429:Shinto
406:pagoda
386:Matcha
370:Sencha
351:Matcha
170:Status
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2314:Metro
1633:(PDF)
1555:(PDF)
1514:(PDF)
1503:(PDF)
783:Notes
493:Rocks
480:Water
467:Trees
421:India
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1593:ISBN
1522:2015
1311:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1035:ISBN
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