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settlement; 140 men were immediately put to death. In the eyes of the king of Spain, the
Protestant religion and acts of piracy committed from Fort Caroline made the entire settlement a dangerous nest of pirates, heretics, and trespassers on Spanish territory. Only about 60 women and children were spared.
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away to
Hispaniola, as it was too big to enter the St. Augustine Inlet and Menéndez expected an attack from Ribault. Jean Ribault did attack only hours later, and almost captured Menéndez who was on a smaller vessel offshore, but the Spaniard risked crossing the sandbar at the mouth of the inlet and
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chances with the Native
Americans. Altogether, Ribault and about 350 of his officers and men lost their lives in the two massacres. The location of this event still carries today the name "Matanzas", the Spanish for "slaughters." Menéndez had carried out his orders to wipe out the French incursion.
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The same hurricane that masked the approach of Menéndez's troops on Fort
Caroline, utterly destroyed all of Ribault's fleet, driving them up on the beach many miles south of their intended target. Several hundred soldiers and sailors made it ashore barely alive and then walked from near present-day
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Assuming that the majority of the French men-at-arms were on board
Ribault's ships, leaving Fort Caroline defenseless, Menéndez ordered his infantrymen to march 40 miles (64 km) north to Fort Caroline, during the hurricane. On 20 September, the Spanish captured the now-lightly-defended French
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by Menéndez's
Spanish soldiers. Only a handful of Catholics, young musicians, and ship's boys were spared their lives. A similar surrender and mass execution of a smaller group of Frenchmen followed a few days later. This time a few Frenchmen, suspicious of their enemies, preferred to take their
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and organized some backers for a plan to settle in
America. However, despite this cordial welcome, he was soon arrested and detained in the Tower of London as a spy. During his time in England, and probably while imprisoned, Ribault wrote an account of the voyage, which survives only in English
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Indian tribe up the river to the south. Ribault finally organized his fleet in the summer of 1565, ultimately departing from France with 800 new settlers and five ships. He arrived in
Florida on August 28, just as the despairing Laudonnière was preparing to sail home. Ribault promptly relieved
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Fort
Caroline sustained itself for the next year, but Ribault found himself caught up in the fresh outbreak of war in France and was unable to set sail at the appointed time. As a result, the colony experienced food shortages and deteriorating conditions, and some soldiers mutinied and became
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in modern-day
Jacksonville, Florida. He named it the "River May", as this was the month when he found it, and erected a stone column claiming the territory for France. Ribault's fleet then proceeded north, charting more of the coastline and noting several rivers. Eventually, they came to the
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Laudonnière ultimately set sail on April 22, 1564 and arrived at Florida two months later. The plan for Ribault was to follow him in Spring 1565 with reinforcements and fresh supplies. As Charlesfort was now abandoned, the expedition decided to found a new colony on the banks of the
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of Florida, encountered Ribault's ships at anchor off the River of May. After a brief naval skirmish, the French ships cut their anchor lines and fled, and Menéndez retreated to the next inlet to the south, landing his men on 7 September and establishing the settlement of
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to found a colony. Ribault left France on February 18 with a fleet of 150 colonists. A recently discovered document suggests that they were guided to Florida by Portuguese pilot Bartolomeu Borges. After crossing the Atlantic, they explored the mouth of the
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The Spanish hastily threw up palm-log and earthworks around an existing Timucua Indian village at their newly founded settlement and began unloading their ships. Before all of the equipment and supplies could be unloaded, Menéndez sent his flagship
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590:"Jean Ribault and a party of Huguenots landed the morning of May 1, 1562 on this island. Here they knelt in prayer, beseeching God's guidance and commending the natives to his care. This was the first Protestant prayer in North America."
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had broken out between the Catholic majority and the Protestant Huguenots. Ribault assisted the Huguenots at Dieppe but was forced to flee to England when the city fell. While in England, he managed to gain an audience with
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889:"Republic of France and State of Florida Sign Declaration of Intention to Embark on a Historic Partnership to Research and Preserve the Trinité Shipwreck - Florida Department of State"
960:"The Untold Story of Oceanic Pilot Bartolomeu Borges who Guided Jean Ribault to Florida in 1562: Document Transcription and Translation, Accompanied by an Historical Introduction"
920:"District Court finds the Shipwreck Discovered off the Coast of Florida is la Trinité from the Lost French Colony of Fort Caroline | In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress"
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In the meantime, the Spanish, who had long maintained a claim over Florida, had made preparations to find and oust the French from Fort Caroline. In early September
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Marker at Fort Matanzas National Monument showing the location where Jean Ribault and his men were slaughtered by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés in September 1565
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Ribault's intention was to collect supplies for Charlesfort and return by the end of the year. When he arrived at Le Havre, however, he discovered the
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avenged Ribault. He and 200 men attacked Spanish-held Fort Caroline, secured the garrison's surrender, and then put all the defenders to death.
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made it to the harbor. As the French galleons were also too large to cross the inlet, Ribault took his fleet south to pursue
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when the hurricane struck on September 11, driving his ships further south to their destruction on the Canaveral coast.
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finally allowed Coligny to devote attention for a new voyage to North America. He appointed Ribault's former lieutenant,
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it passes near the Charlesfort site. Ribault was featured in the "Conquest of the Southeast" episode (2005) of
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Several places and institutions in Jacksonville are named for Ribault, including Jean Ribault Middle School and
486:, the prisoners were asked if they were professing Catholics. Those who were not were marched behind a dune and
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and about 40 others escaped the wrath of the Spaniards, and eventually returned to Europe to tell their tales.
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and in the "Secrets of Spanish Florida" episode (2017) of the PBS/WNET program,
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off the coast. Ribault oversaw the layout of a small fort, which was named
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Chuck Meide; John de Bry (2014). Charles Dagneau; Karolyn Gauvin (eds.).
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19:"Ribault" redirects here. For the French writer (1964–2021), see
261:. Two years later, he took over command of the French colony of
26:"Ribault" redirects here. For the late medieval volley gun, see
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944:." Duval County Schools webpage, 2018. Retrieved 26 Aug. 2018.
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Laudonnière as governor and assumed command of Fort Caroline.
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in 1520. He entered the French navy under the command of the
640:. Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology. pp. 79–92
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Jacksonville Jean Ribault Monument Column, St. Johns Bluff
306:. In 1562 Coligny chose him to lead an expedition to the
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533:; several neighborhood streets near the river; and the
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634:"The Lost French Fleet of 1565: Collision of Empires"
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403:. The situation was exacerbated by a clash with the
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1082:(14) 6, 1963. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
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746:"Jean Ribaut's Discoverye of Terra Florida"
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123:Learn how and when to remove this message
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638:2014 Underwater Archaeology Proceedings
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494:In 1568 French nobleman-turned-pirate
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1113:. Vol. XX (9th ed.). 1886.
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793:"Jean Ribault's Colonies in Florida"
249:in 1562 that founded the outpost of
61:adding citations to reliable sources
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245:, Ribault led an expedition to the
235:French attempts to colonize Florida
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1179:People from Dieppe, Seine-Maritime
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918:Brammer, Robert (2 October 2018).
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1184:People from Jacksonville, Florida
1144:French explorers of North America
1077:"The Tragic Dream Of Jean Ribaut"
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791:Gorman, M. Adele Francis (1965).
699:"Jean Ribaut and Queen Elizabeth"
210:Athore, son of the Timucuan king
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958:Vila-Santa, Nuno (2023).
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1110:Encyclopædia Britannica
1094:The American Cyclopædia
345:French Wars of Religion
200:Naval officer, explorer
830:Chester B. DePratter.
744:Biggar, H. P. (1917).
666:Chester B. DePratter.
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1088:"Ribault, Jean"
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1209:Explorers of Florida
1154:People of New France
1149:French Navy officers
1120:"Ribaut, Jean"
1104:"Jean Ribault"
1044:North America portal
57:improve this article
570:Secrets of the Dead
564:Conquest of America
559:The History Channel
1075:Harris, Sherwood,
930:on 6 October 2018.
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484:Philip II of Spain
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55:Please help
50:verification
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1169:1565 deaths
1164:1520 births
527:Trout River
334:Charlesfort
330:Sea Islands
251:Charlesfort
216:Laudonnière
28:Ribaldequin
1194:New France
1138:Categories
970:: 82–102.
596:References
508:La Trinité
460:San Pelayo
455:San Pelayo
422:adelantado
338:Charles IX
214:, showing
83:newspapers
1159:Huguenots
986:0082-2884
809:0015-4113
770:0013-8266
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401:Caribbean
356:The 1563
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281:Biography
247:New World
994:37113215
903:27 March
897:Archived
895:. 2018.
846:July 27,
817:30147726
682:July 27,
543:Beaufort
434:Disaster
302:admiral
300:Huguenot
296:Normandy
239:Huguenot
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869:ISBN
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646:2016
407:, a
237:. A
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