344:
851:
335:, a compromise meant to appease both Sigismund, who wanted to assert his rights to the throne but was unable to at the time, and the noblemen of Bosnia, who wanted to avoid honoring their pledge to Sigismund. Sigismund consented to Helen's assumption of power, and was asked by Ragusan officials to intercede with the Queen on their behalf. Ragusa eventually accepted that Helen would not confirm the charters granted by Bosnian monarchs to the Republic, apparently because she was not entitled to do so.
844:
213:
363:, started calling himself King of Bosnia. By mid-December 1395, Helen had successfully consolidated her grasp on the throne, and the pretender was killed by Sigismund's supporters in 1396, never having seriously threatened the Queen. Helen's rule stands out as the period during which Bosnian support for Ladislaus briefly waned.
427:
and become immediate vassals of the monarch instead. This may have been the reason for an uprising against Helen. She maintained a great deal of support in April, when Ragusa paid its tribute to her. The last to remain on her side were the
RadivojeviÄ noble family, including Helen's grandson-in-law
391:" as the magnates whom she consulted. The emancipation of Bosnian nobility reached a peak during Helen's reign. Having become virtually autonomous, her vassals engaged in internal warfare which weakened the Kingdom and precluded its participation in regional politics.
422:
The
Ottoman defeat did not mean Helen's triumph; by March 1398, Bosnia was beset by an internal strife. It seems that Helen's family, the NikoliÄ, attempted to take further advantage of their royal relations and free themselves from subordinacy to the
254:, Helen endorsed her husband's acts, and he emphasized in his charters that he had consulted with his wife. Queen Helen's family gained significant influence in state affairs during her husband's reign, as well as the right to collect the
432:
was enthroned as the new King of Bosnia. The deposition was opposed by her brothers and nephews. They were thus forced to take refuge in Ragusa, but Helen remained in Bosnia, where she was treated with honor due to a
351:
After the Battle of
Nicopolis annihilated much of the Hungarian army, a pretender to the Bosnian throne staked his claim against Queen Helen. One of the nobleman supporting King
406:, whose land had stood between Helen's and Bayazid's. The Ottoman army that arrived in Bosnia in January 1398, led by Bayazid's sons and the subjugated Serbian lord
452:, Bosnia, etc"). Gruba is last mentioned in a letter sent by Ragusan authorities on 18 March 1399. She may have died of an epidemic that plagued Hum at that time.
370:
of the nobility. All her surviving charters specifically note that they had been approved by the major noblemen. In a surviving charter, Queen Helen names "Duke
402:
were becoming a much greater threat during Helen's rule than during the reigns of DabiŔa and Tvrtko I, helped by their decisive victory over the
Serbian lord
414:
and 1392. The plundering expedition failed completely, however, due to a severe winter and deep snow in which many of
Bayazid's soldiers perished.
788:
290:
and Juraj
RadivojeviÄ – refused to honor the agreement DabiÅ”a had made with Sigismund. Sigismund raised an army and marched to nearby
300:
and elected Helen as DabiŔa's successor. Not willing to engage the united nobility in war, Sigismund withdrew; the death of his wife
1089:
1010:
1084:
1079:
781:
1069:
665:
200:
is disputed, but in any case the real power was held by magnates of the kingdom. Her rule ended with the election of
304:, heir of Hungary and cousin of DabiŔa, made his position too precarious to attack Bosnia, as did the defeat by the
979:
923:
278:
as his heir. When DabiÅ”a died on 8 September the following year, however, the leading noblemen – Grand Duke
371:
279:
1059:
774:
449:
1028:
440:
During King Ostoja's reign, Helen resumed the name Gruba (likely her "folk name", as opposed to one from the
17:
1064:
908:
1094:
898:
818:
653:
1074:
828:
813:
275:
111:
903:
823:
658:
The Late
Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
262:
in 1393. The royal couple had a daughter named Stana, whose daughter
Vladava married the nobleman
743:
706:
141:
73:
38:
683:
316:
228:
123:
301:
1054:
238:
A charter dated 17 July 1392 is the earliest extant source naming Helen as queen and wife of
797:
128:
1033:
995:
939:
875:
870:
736:
263:
221:
8:
1005:
974:
913:
865:
445:
352:
309:
954:
411:
407:
893:
833:
619:
441:
343:
328:
259:
227:
Nothing is known for certain about Helen's origin. She was most likely a member of the
1023:
850:
424:
375:
360:
283:
1000:
661:
171:
959:
379:
287:
918:
429:
66:
403:
1018:
255:
331:
refuted this in 1964 and argued that the period of Helen's rule was actually an
220:
to their daughter Stana, to be inherited by her daughter
Vladava and son-in-law
964:
716:
367:
366:
Whatever Queen Helen's official role was meant to be, she functioned as a mere
179:
1048:
434:
395:
320:
305:
251:
197:
175:
444:) and retained the title of queen, but without the official royal style ("
843:
332:
201:
193:
632:
216:
A charter issued by DabiŔa and endorsed by Helen, granting the village
212:
384:
294:
with the aim to claim the
Bosnian throne, but the noblemen convoked a
766:
399:
232:
969:
949:
758:
699:
239:
56:
356:
243:
347:
Royal and judge's seat of Queen Helen, who is depicted on its side
247:
217:
118:
174:
from September 1395 until late April or early May 1398. She was
388:
324:
296:
291:
189:
184:
648:(in Serbo-Croatian), Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography
639:(in Serbo-Croatian), Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography
515:
599:
597:
584:
582:
580:
536:
534:
532:
530:
410:, was larger than those defeated by Helen's predecessors
274:
In 1394, Helen agreed to DabiŔa's decision to designate
594:
577:
565:
527:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
555:
553:
551:
549:
468:
466:
464:
165:
159:
158:
1345 ā after 18 March 1399), also known by the name
149:
503:
478:
546:
461:
246:in March 1391, and places her at DabiŔa's side in
428:Juraj. By 10 May, however, her husband's kinsman
1046:
626:(in Serbo-Croatian). Srpska književna zadruga.
782:
315:Historians have debated Queen Helen's role.
417:
188:to rule after his death. Whether she was a
789:
775:
643:
630:
618:
603:
588:
571:
540:
521:
509:
497:
342:
211:
14:
1047:
1006:Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary and Poland
796:
624:ŠŃŃŠ¾ŃŠøŃŠ° ŃŃŠµŠ“ŃŠ¾Š²ŠµŠŗŠ¾Š²Š½Šµ Š±Š¾ŃŠ°Š½ŃŠŗŠµ Š“ŃŠ¶Š°Š²Šµ
770:
652:
559:
472:
24:
319:emphasised in 1942 that she was a
25:
1106:
849:
842:
660:. University of Michigan Press.
1090:14th-century monarchs in Europe
1019:Maria, Countess of Helfenstein
355:'s claim to Hungary, from the
13:
1:
455:
155:
1011:Catherine, Countess of Cilli
7:
1085:14th-century queens regnant
1080:14th-century Bosnian people
48:September 1395 ā April 1398
10:
1111:
612:
266:during DabiŔa's lifetime.
1015:Helen, Duchess of Troppau
989:Other significant members
988:
932:
884:
858:
840:
804:
750:
741:
728:
723:
713:
704:
696:
691:
677:
276:King Sigismund of Hungary
207:
166:
150:
117:
107:
99:
91:
87:
79:
72:
62:
52:
44:
37:
32:
1070:Queens consort of Bosnia
418:Deposition and aftermath
182:, and was chosen by the
744:Queen consort of Bosnia
707:Queen regnant of Bosnia
644:ÄoÅ”koviÄ, Pejo (2009),
631:ÄoÅ”koviÄ, Pejo (2005),
372:Hrvoje VukÄiÄ HrvatiniÄ
338:
280:Hrvoje VukÄiÄ HrvatiniÄ
269:
74:Queen consort of Bosnia
39:Queen regnant of Bosnia
27:Queen regnant of Bosnia
654:Fine, John Van Antwerp
348:
224:
160:
145:
112:DabiŔa, King of Bosnia
346:
215:
996:Vladislav KotromaniÄ
940:Dorothea of Bulgaria
876:Dorothea of Bulgaria
871:Elizabeth of Kuyavia
737:Dorothea of Bulgaria
317:Krunoslav DraganoviÄ
242:, who had succeeded
229:NikoliÄ noble family
192:who ruled during an
1029:Catherine TomaÅ”eviÄ
866:Elizabeth of Serbia
446:by the Grace of God
353:Ladislaus of Naples
310:Battle of Nikopolis
103:after 18 March 1399
1095:Dethroned monarchs
1060:KotromaniÄ dynasty
859:Banesses of Bosnia
798:KotromaniÄ dynasty
755:Title next held by
733:Title last held by
524:, p. 175-176.
442:calendar of saints
349:
260:Republic of Ragusa
225:
1042:
1041:
924:Stephen TomaÅ”eviÄ
914:Stephen Tvrtko II
887:(1377–1463)
807:(1254–1377)
765:
764:
714:Succeeded by
264:Juraj RadivojeviÄ
222:Juraj RadivojeviÄ
172:Kingdom of Bosnia
135:
134:
16:(Redirected from
1102:
1075:Bosnian monarchs
1065:House of NikoliÄ
980:Jelena BrankoviÄ
955:Kujava RadinoviÄ
933:Queens of Bosnia
894:Stephen Tvrtko I
853:
846:
791:
784:
777:
768:
767:
697:Preceded by
679:Helen of Bosnia
675:
674:
671:
649:
640:
627:
607:
601:
592:
586:
575:
569:
563:
557:
544:
538:
525:
519:
513:
507:
501:
495:
476:
470:
408:Stefan LazareviÄ
169:
168:
163:
157:
153:
152:
30:
29:
21:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1034:Matija SabanÄiÄ
1024:Radivoj OstojiÄ
984:
975:Katarina KosaÄa
945:Helen of Bosnia
928:
909:Stephen OstojiÄ
886:
885:Kings of Bosnia
880:
854:
848:
847:
838:
806:
800:
795:
756:
747:
734:
719:
710:
702:
687:
680:
668:
615:
610:
602:
595:
587:
578:
570:
566:
558:
547:
539:
528:
520:
516:
508:
504:
496:
479:
471:
462:
458:
425:House of KosaÄa
420:
376:Pavle RadenoviÄ
341:
284:Pavao RadinoviÄ
272:
256:tribute of Ston
210:
178:as the wife of
127:
33:Helen of Bosnia
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1108:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
992:
990:
986:
985:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
965:Dorothea Garai
962:
960:Jelena NelipiÄ
957:
952:
947:
942:
936:
934:
930:
929:
927:
926:
921:
919:Stephen Thomas
916:
911:
906:
904:Stephen Ostoja
901:
899:Stephen DabiŔa
896:
890:
888:
882:
881:
879:
878:
873:
868:
862:
860:
856:
855:
841:
839:
837:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
810:
808:
805:Bans of Bosnia
802:
801:
794:
793:
786:
779:
771:
763:
762:
754:
749:
740:
732:
726:
725:
721:
720:
715:
712:
703:
698:
694:
693:
692:Regnal titles
689:
688:
681:
678:
673:
672:
666:
650:
641:
628:
620:ÄirkoviÄ, Sima
614:
611:
609:
608:
606:, p. 185.
593:
591:, p. 184.
576:
574:, p. 177.
564:
562:, p. 459.
545:
543:, p. 176.
526:
514:
502:
477:
475:, p. 458.
459:
457:
454:
419:
416:
380:Sandalj HraniÄ
340:
337:
323:rather than a
288:Sandalj HraniÄ
271:
268:
209:
206:
142:Serbo-Croatian
133:
132:
121:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1107:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
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994:
993:
991:
987:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
935:
931:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
889:
883:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
861:
857:
852:
845:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
809:
803:
799:
792:
787:
785:
780:
778:
773:
772:
769:
761:
760:
753:
746:
745:
739:
738:
731:
727:
724:Royal titles
722:
718:
709:
708:
701:
695:
690:
686:
685:
676:
669:
667:0-472-08260-4
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
638:
634:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:
605:
604:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
600:
598:
590:
589:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
585:
583:
581:
573:
572:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
568:
561:
556:
554:
552:
550:
542:
541:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
537:
535:
533:
531:
523:
522:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
518:
511:
510:ÄoÅ”koviÄ 2009
506:
499:
498:ÄoÅ”koviÄ 2005
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
474:
469:
467:
465:
460:
453:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
435:queen dowager
431:
426:
415:
413:
409:
405:
404:Vuk BrankoviÄ
401:
397:
396:Ottoman Turks
392:
390:
387:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
345:
336:
334:
330:
329:Sima ÄirkoviÄ
326:
322:
321:queen regnant
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:queen consort
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
230:
223:
219:
214:
205:
203:
199:
198:queen regnant
195:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:queen consort
173:
162:
147:
143:
139:
131:(by marriage)
130:
125:
122:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
1055:1340s births
1001:Jelena Å ubiÄ
944:
757:
751:
742:
735:
729:
705:
682:
657:
645:
636:
623:
567:
517:
505:
439:
421:
393:
383:
365:
350:
314:
295:
273:
237:
226:
183:
170:, ruled the
137:
136:
18:Jelena Gruba
819:Prijezda II
646:KotromaniÄi
637:KotromaniÄi
333:interregnum
202:King Ostoja
194:interregnum
180:King DabiŔa
53:Predecessor
1049:Categories
829:Stephen II
814:Prijezda I
748:1391ā1395
711:1395ā1398
456:References
129:KotromaniÄ
126:(by birth)
824:Stephen I
560:Fine 1994
473:Fine 1994
448:Queen of
400:Bayazid I
374:, Prince
357:Slavonian
282:, Prince
258:from the
233:Zachlumia
63:Successor
834:Tvrtko I
656:(1994).
633:"Jelena"
622:(1964).
359:town of
306:Ottomans
244:Tvrtko I
684:NikoliÄ
613:Sources
412:in 1388
385:TepÄija
378:, Duke
308:at the
286:, Duke
218:Veljaci
124:NikoliÄ
95:c. 1345
83:1391ā95
970:VojaÄa
950:VitaÄa
759:VitaÄa
752:Vacant
730:Vacant
717:Ostoja
700:DabiŔa
664:
450:Rascia
430:Ostoja
398:under
389:Batalo
382:, and
368:puppet
361:Požega
325:regent
297:stanak
292:Syrmia
240:DabiŔa
208:Family
190:regent
185:stanak
151:ŠŠµŠ»ŠµŠ½Š°
146:Jelena
108:Spouse
80:Tenure
67:Ostoja
57:DabiŔa
250:. As
248:LuŔci
231:from
196:or a
167:ŠŃŃŠ±Š°
161:Gruba
138:Helen
119:House
45:Reign
662:ISBN
394:The
339:Rule
302:Mary
270:Rise
100:Died
92:Born
1051::
635:,
596:^
579:^
548:^
529:^
480:^
463:^
437:.
327:.
312:.
235:.
204:.
156:c.
154:;
144::
790:e
783:t
776:v
670:.
512:.
500:.
164:/
148:/
140:(
20:)
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