1034:
22:
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Luther's
Psalter; Sledani, (History of the Reformation), folio; Danish chronicle, quarto; Danish law book, quarto; Luther's Complete Catechism; The Praise of Christ, quarto; Petri Apiani; Danish child's book; a book called Forty Pictures of Death, by Symon Golaert; Biblical stories; Danish calendar; Survey (or View) of the Great Navigation; a parcel of eighteen Dutch and Danish pamphlets by various authors; seventeen books in manuscript, which are old; and eleven pictures, large and small.
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had been surmised. This would however in both cases mean that Jonas Bronck or his father Jonas have had a living brother with identical name, something which is unheard of in
Scandinavian naming. They might instead have been brothers, as an age difference of 16 years among even full siblings is far from unlikely. Still he has been described as the "poorer cousin", and is believed to have emigrated to
1992:|quote = The land was then referred to as "Bronck's Land." Even though the records of the day show that Jonas Bronck only owned the land for four years, the name Bronck's Land stayed and the name was used to describe all the surrounding lands...The first time that the present spelling was used was when in 1697 the First Legislature outlined the County of West Chester, East Chester, "Bronx Land,"
145:, Sweden, the archival texts were transcribed from their traditional script. Young states that Bronck's middle name Jonsson means that his father's first name was Jonas (excluding the Faroe reverend Morten Bronck) and further that the words referring to Bronck's birthplace and spelled "Coonstay" and "Smolach" speaks for that it is most likely that "Coonstay" was
494:
The inventory lists contents of the farm Bronck and his family had built in the wilderness during the period of less than four years following his arrival in
America. Buildings on the property were a stone house with a tile roof, a barn, two barracks for farm employees, and a tobacco house. The tally
104:
who fled the
Netherlands to Sweden because of religious persecution. In a 1977 pamphlet commemorating the founding of the borough a publication of the Bronx County Bar Association states that it "is widely accepted that Bronck came from Sweden, but claims have also been made by the Frisian Islands on
555:
Pieter Bronck also was known as Pieter
Jonasson Bronck. Given the relative closeness in age and same father's name indicated by the patronym (Jonas was born about 1600, Pieter, born in 1616 in Jönköping, Sweden) it has been claimed that Pieter was a nephew or cousin to Jonas Bronck, and not a son as
474:
Saturday May 6, 1643, not long after Jonas Bronck's death, his widow
Teuntje Joriaens, together with Peter Bronck, conducted a formal inventory of the Bronck farm which was then known as Emaus. This procedure was conducted in the presence of the Rev. Everardus Bogardus, pastor of the First Reformed
215:
New
Amsterdam's inhabitants then numbered only about four hundred, a count that hardly had increased during the previous decade. Company properties in the colony showed signs of physical neglect and conditions of law and order were less than ideal. Faced with possible government expropriation, the
211:
in 1637, Holland's government contemplated the idea of taking control of New
Netherland from the company and using the colony for resettlement of individuals impoverished by failed tulip bulb speculations. There also was vexation over the West India Company's failure to develop New Netherland much
498:
During the early 1640s, it was not uncommon for Bronck's New
Amsterdam contemporaries to identify themselves on legal documents with graphic marks that also were symbols of illiteracy. By contrast, Jonas Bronck's personal library provides evidence he was literate in four languages, suggesting his
157:, the province in which Jönköping is located. Young concludes Jonas Bronck was born circa 1600 in Komstad, Småland, a historic province of Sweden. This farm or small village was at this time inhabited by Jon Nilsson and his wife Marit Brunk who could be Jonas Bronck's parents or other relatives.
502:
The following materials were listed in the inventory of Bronck's library: one Bible, folio; Calvin's
Institutes, folio; Bullingeri, Schultetus Dominicalia, (Medical); Moleneri Praxis, (Moral and Practical Discourses), quarto; one German Bible, quarto; Mirror of the Sea (Seespiegel), folio; one
304:
who inhabited it at the time of colonialization. It is said that Bronck wrote of his new home: "The invisible hand of the Almighty Father, surely guided me to this beautiful country, a land covered with virgin forest and unlimited opportunities. It is a veritable paradise and needs but the
511:
Bronck's farm, a tract of 274 hectares (680 acres), known as the biblical Emmaus, Bronck's Land, and then just Broncksland, or simply Bronck's— covered roughly the area emanating from general vicinity of Willis Avenue and 132nd Street in the Bronx in what, today, is
305:
industrious hand of man to make it the finest and most beautiful region in all the world." Kuyter chose land on the west bank on the island of Manhattan; Bronck settled on the mainland. Teuntje and Jonas Bronck's house was built by a promontory at the juncture of the
636:. That Jonas Bronck's middle name would in this case be Mortensen, not Jonsson, speaks against this theory. The Faroe family may have originated from the Norwegian district of Elverum. (At the time, the Faroe Islands were part of a political entity also comprising
441:
in the North (armed with guns traded by the French and English) had driven them south the year before, where they sought protection from the Dutch. Kieft refused aid despite the company's previous guarantees to the tribes to provide it. The attacks were at
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475:
Dutch Church of New Amsterdam and Bronck's friend Jochem Pietersen Kuyter. According to official records of the State of New York, the latter two were identified as guardians of Bronck's widow. (In June 1643 Teuntje remarried. She and her new husband,
2132:
Church. Bronck arrived at New Amsterdam in 1639, and his name is perpetuated in Bronx Borough, Bronx Park, Bronxville, in New York. An old street in Tórshavn also has his name, Jónas Broncksgøta. He made the voyage to America in his own ship, called
1362:…many of these colonists, perhaps as many as half of them, represented the same broad mixture of nationalities as New Amsterdam itself. Among them were Swedes, Germans, French, Belgians, Africans, and Danes (such as a certain Jonas Bronck)...
519:
Following Bronck's death, and the dispersion of the few settlers, the tract passed through the hands of successive Dutch traders until 1664, when it came into the possession of Samuel Edsall, (who also had acquired a large tract on the
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education might have been as high as university level. His library was an impressive archive for its time and place, and is regarded as the earliest for which there is a detailed account in the colonial records of New York.
235:
These vicissitudes did not escape Bronck's notice. He was among the first to recognize promising opportunities, and along with various emigrants from Europe he crossed the Atlantic to settle in New Amsterdam's hinterlands.
283:
with numbered key showing settlements with No. 43 representing the Bronck homestead; No. 42, across the Harlem River, represents that of Kuyter, who had sailed with Bronck and took the land on the Manhattan side of the
1577:... Jonas Bronk, who gave his name to Bronx, was the leader of a North-Frisian group of settlers, who carried out the first well prepared and thoroughly organized permanent settlement in the area now called New York.
663:, Sweden. where a celebration of the 375th anniversary of Jonas Bronck's settlement of the Bronx took place in August 2014. The celebration was mainly the idea of Brian G. Andersson, the former commissioner of the
2137:, manned by himself, accompanied by a friend who was an officer in the Danish army, Capt. Joachiem Pietersen Kuyter. They each brought their family and a number of herdsmen or farmers since their cargo was cattle.
1385:
The 'Magazine of American History', January, 1908, tells us that Jonas Bronck 'was one of those worthy but unfortunate Mennonites who were driven from their homes in Holland to Sweden by religious persecution.'
132:
certificate dated June 18, 1638, and Bronck's document of guarantee from April 30, 1639. The theory of Bronck's Swedish origin fundamentally rely on Young's interpretations of three key words found in these
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Jónas Bronck (or Brunck) was the son of Morten Jespersen Bronck ... Jónas seems to have gone to school in Roskilde in 1619, but found his way to Holland where he joined an expedition to Amsterdam.
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and was constructed like "a miniature fort with stone walls and a tile roof". Bronck's farmstead consisted of approximately 274 hectares (680 acres), which being a religious man, he named Emaus. (
1218:
Der Name The Bronx geht auf den ersten Siedler 1639, den Schweden Jonas Bronck und dessen Familie ('the Broncks') zurück – so lautet zumindest die landläufige Erklärung für den Artikel in Namen.
232:
so that settlers were no longer encumbered with excessive responsibilities to the WIC. Previously, most real estate and commercial activity in New Netherland had been under its direct control.
204:(WIC) between the Delaware and Connecticut rivers, and north along tidewaters of the Hudson. At its heart was the trading facility of New Amsterdam on the southern tip of Manhattan Island.
137:
documents and that Jonas Bronck's relative Pieter Bronck was born in 1616 in Jönköping, Sweden. In conjunction with John Davidson of Tórshavn in the Faroe Islands and Eva Brylla from the
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as Jonas Jonasson Bronck. This patronym indicated that his father's name was Jonas, which supports the theory of Swedish origin. He and his Dutch wife, Teuntje Joriaens, married at the
1171:
2079:
349:
2241:
569:
547:
Despite Bronck having lived there for only four years, the area was known as "Broncksland" through the end of the 17th century. The current spelling came into use in 1697.
664:
1200:
Mattausch-Yildiz, Birgit (2011). "Stadt als Transitraum: Ein Blick hinter den Bronx-Mythos ". In Bukow, Wolf-Dietrich; Heck, Gerda; Schulze, Erika; Yildiz, Erol (eds.).
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beyond its original function, facilitating the fur trade. By contrast, English enclaves in the region were rapidly expanding in territory, population, and viability.
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It is widely accepted that Bronck came from Sweden, but claims have also been made by the Frisian Islands on the North Sea coast and by a small town in Germany.
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1532:
2002:
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lands in the environs of Manhattan and encouraged private settlement by enterprising colonists of diverse backgrounds. It also liberalized the previous
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200:
During the late 1630s, events in both Holland and America induced significant changes in the governance of New Netherland, territory controlled by the
2128:
that the man who founded New York in USA, Jonas Bronck (1600?–1643) was originally from Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, where his father was a pastor in the
1760:
688:
628:, has a street bearing the name Jónas Broncksgøta (Jonas Bronck's Street). One theory holds that Jonas Jonsson Bronck was born ca. 1600, son of a
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2037:
2087:
86:
A number of sources published in the early 20th century identify Bronck as Swedish, an idea espoused by A. J. F. van Laer, archivist at the
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221:
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92:
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The Jonas Bronck Academy and Public School 43 Jonas Bronck are located in the Bronx. A local brewery produces Jonas Bronck Beer.
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of Bronck's livestock was 25 animals of various kinds, plus an uncounted number of hogs, said to be running in nearby woods.
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with a mandate to increase the territory's population and vitality. Arriving in 1638, Kieft promptly purchased additional
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reported that he was a descendant of Pieter Bronck. The American biophysicist (and president of Rockefeler University)
419:
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1833:
1816:
The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony That Shaped America
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The house was named "Emmanus" and stood on what today is in the general vicinity of Willis Avenue and 132nd Street.
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claimed to have been a Bronck descendant, but no evidence of lineage to Pieter's line was ever found or indicated.
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540:. Four years later, Colonel Morris obtained a royal patent to Bronck's Land, which afterward became the Manor of
264:
1477:
2010:
1664:
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Brodhead, John Romeyn; Fernow, Berthold; O'Callaghan, Edmund Bailey; Legislature, State of New York (1901) ,
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716:
667:, a specialist in Bronck's genealogy, a founding director of the center, and a Bronxite of Swedish origin.
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1294:(1). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the American Historical Association: 164–166.
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1958:
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In the spring of 1639, Jonas Bronck and a party of other emigrants, including his good friend, the Dane
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771:
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521:
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314:
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1963:, Committee on the History of Englewood authorized by The Mayor and Council of City of Englewood, N.J.
1706:
The Story of the Bronx from the Purchase Made by the Dutch from the Indians in 1639 to the Present Day
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2080:"Seventy-year-old mural depicting Bronx founder Jonas Bronck damaged in courthouse construction"
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2321:(The Swedish American Tercentenary Association. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1938)
2242:"Boogie down beer on tap with Bronx Brewery and Jonas Bronck's Beer Company setting up shop"
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sachems Ranaqua and Tackamuck. This event is portrayed in a painting by the American artist
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342:
1380:
The Borough of the Bronx, 1639–1913: Its marvelous Development and Historical Surroundings
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Here Jonas Bronck, another Swede who came in company with Kuyter, was the pioneer settler.
8:
1557:
1203:
Neue Vielfalt in der urbanen Stadtgesellschaft [A new Diversity in Urban Society]
872:
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862:
565:
2115:
100:, also parenthetically claims Bronck as a Dane. A 1908 publication portrays Bronck as a
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412:
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In 1981, the Manx-Svenska Publishing Co. released a now out-of-print 19-page pamphlet,
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1979:
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1103:
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513:
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Jonas Bronck's decision to relocate from Europe was prompted by a number of factors.
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Different theories account for Bronck's origin. The official historian of the Bronx,
1284:
van Laer, A. J. F. (1916). "Reviews of Books: Scandinavian Immigrants in New York".
1148:
275:
1001:
980:
832:
782:
751:
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125:
2034:"Excerpts from "At Home in the Unknown," a 1996 Bronk Interview with Mark Katzman"
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150:
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1989:
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1743:"THE BRONX MALL Cultural Mosaic – The Bronx... Its History & Perspective"
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458:. The slaughter led to retaliation and attacks on many settlements outlying
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544:, the second Lewis (son of Captain Richard), exercising proprietary right.
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484:
430:
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237:
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1983:
1350:. Vol. 1. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 30–37.
263:), was laden with numerous cattle. On June 16, the vessel was seen in the
259:. In addition to passengers and crew, their ship, "De Brandt van Troyen" (
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1732:, Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem, 1972, "Emmaus", Vol. 6, pp. 726–727
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Signing the Treaty with the Indians April 22, 1642, painted in 1908 by
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1889:
Documents relative to the colonial history of the state of New York
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466:. It is unknown if Bronck's death was related to the skirmishes.
434:
293:
146:
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1665:"Harlem In The Old Times Fighting Hostile Indians on the Flats"
1470:
Komstad, Småland, Sverige Jonas Bronck Bronx, New York, America
318:
225:
128:. Young reported that he examined crucial references: Bronck's
121:
76:
2290:"A Bronck in the Bronx Gives a Swedish Town a Reason to Cheer"
1533:"A Bronck in the Bronx Gives a Swedish Town a Reason to Cheer"
1892:, vol. 14, Albany: Weed, Parsons and Co., pp. 42–44
1234:, vol. 1, New York: The Macmillan Company, p. 161,
608:
depicting Bronck's arrival was created in the early 1930s by
601:
326:
252:
665:
New York City Department of Records and Information Services
47:) (around 1600 – 1643) was a settler in the Dutch colony of
462:, including some in what is now the Bronx, such as that of
1692:, vol. IX, Frederick A. Stokes Co., pp. 186, 195
1428:. Peel, Isle of Man: The Mansk-Swedish Publishing Co. Ltd.
1232:
History of the city of New York in the seventeenth century
2155:. Norwegian-American Historical Association. p. 228.
2059:"Detlev Wulf Bronk, one of founders of modern biophysics"
1864:
1127:
The Bronx In The Frontier Era. From the Beginning to 1696
403:
On April 22, 1642, a peace treaty was signed at Bronck's
169:
in Jönköping County, Sweden, of which Komstad was part.
1689:
Excursion Planned For the City History Club of New York
1624:, Elizabeth, New Jersey: New Harlem Publishing Company
1346:
Burrows, Edwin G.; Wallace, Mike (Michael L.) (1999).
1258:"Bronck, Bronx Discoverer, Not a Dutchman but a Swede"
1170:
Mattice, Shelby; Dorpfeld, David (January 18, 2012),
632:
minister, Morten Jespersen Bronck, and was raised in
105:
the North Sea coast and by a small town in Germany".
1377:
Cook, Harry Tecumseh; Kaplan, Nathan Julius (1913).
1129:. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company.
2109:"Middle Ages until 19th century – Did you know..."
1842:
1813:
1315:
1909:, vol. 1, Albany: State Printer, p. 168
1206:(in German). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
528:), who held it until 1670. He sold it to Captain
2357:
1199:
640:.) In 1619 the younger Bronck went to school in
192:
153:county and that "Smolach" was a misrecording of
1906:Ecclesiastical Records of the State of New York
1507:"Jonas Jonsson Brunk - Från Komstad till Bronx"
1319:archivist A. J. F. van Laer: Bibliographic Note
1169:
596:Jónas Broncks gøta, Tórshavn, the Faroe Islands
398:
329:appeared before two of his followers after his
75:, has adopted the theory that Bronck came from
1562:"Frisians in the History of the United States"
1345:
1229:
2172:, University of Kentucky Press, p. 209,
2169:The Faroe Islands: Interpretations of History
1848:
1099:Scandinavian Immigrants in New York 1630-1674
1054:
292:to land that was within the territory of the
2159:
1466:
1437:
1435:
550:
1590:"Earliest known Manhattan map made in 1639"
425:launched an attack on refugee camps of the
2038:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
1990:The Bronx... Its History & Perspective
1924:North of Manhattan', Hastings House, 1950"
1530:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1408:. Bronx County Bar Association: 59. 1977.
1376:
1348:Gotham, A History of New York City to 1898
1341:
1339:
1147:. Bronx historical Society. Archived from
1061:
1047:
648:, and eventually made his way to Holland.
454:(lower Manhattan) in what is known as the
207:Following the spectacular collapse of the
93:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
2317:Benson, Adolph B. and Naboth Hedin, eds.
1930:The Bronx...Its History & Perspective
1903:Hastings, Hugh (State Historian) (1901),
1785:
1709:(reprint 2007 ed.), Heritage Books,
1441:
1432:
1372:
1370:
1230:Van Rensselaer, Mariana Griswold (1909),
506:
116:, after he had conducted research in the
1956:
1902:
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1255:
591:
274:
20:
2239:
2148:
2077:
1702:
1685:
1556:
1550:
1504:
1487:
1336:
1091:
1089:
244:were established around the same time.
2358:
2240:Beekman, Daniel (September 15, 2011).
2114:. Faroe islands Review. Archived from
2003:"Bronck Family: The First Generations"
1973:
1811:
1531:Robertsaug, Robert (August 19, 2014).
1367:
654:
638:Iceland, Greenland, Denmark and Norway
281:Manhattan situated on the North Rivier
83:and other publications followed suit.
2165:
1876:, (published online, August 26, 2006)
1617:
1421:
1121:
1095:
2152:Norwegian Sailors in American Waters
1621:Harlem: Its Origins and Early Annals
1086:
270:
177:On June 18, 1638, Bronck signed his
2078:Deutsch, Kevin (November 9, 2010),
2031:
1102:, Genealogical Publishing Company,
288:Bronck and Kuyter navigated up the
81:The Bronx County Historical Society
55:, and by extension, the county and
13:
1920:Hansen, Harry North of Manhattan.
1919:
1032:
922:Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions
659:There is a Jonas Bronck Center in
407:between Dutch authorities and the
230:Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions
14:
2417:
2332:
1467:Nilsson, Elna; Gumaelous, Malin,
1444:"The Bronx, a Swedish Connection"
469:
1761:"East River NYC :: History"
1728:Holy Bible: St. Luke 24: 13–35;
2282:
2256:
2233:
2211:
2189:
2142:
2101:
2071:
2051:
2025:
1995:
1967:
1950:
1913:
1896:
1879:
1805:
1779:
1753:
1735:
1722:
1696:
1679:
1667:. The History Box. May 23, 2012
1657:
1628:
1611:
1582:
1524:
1460:
1415:
1390:
1256:Anderson, R. (March 31, 1912),
479:, soon thereafter departed for
345:, on a tract (at approximately
1789:New York City: A Short History
1309:
1287:The American Historical Review
1277:
1249:
1223:
1193:
1163:
1133:
1115:
333:.) The site is in present-day
1:
2406:People from colonial New York
2386:People from Mott Haven, Bronx
1873:Governor Kieft's Personal War
1786:Lankevich, George J. (2002),
1080:
251:, departed the Dutch port of
193:Immigration to New Netherland
2381:Immigrants to New Netherland
2319:Swedes in America, 1638-1938
1442:Andersson, Brian G. (1998).
615:
399:Relations with Lenape tribes
389:Harlem River Intermodal Yard
337:, about 1,000 feet south of
7:
2376:17th-century Swedish people
1304:… Jonas Bronck was a Swede…
670:
536:, at the time merchants of
172:
16:Namesake of Bronx, New York
10:
2422:
2311:
2248:. New York. Archived from
2086:, New York, archived from
1957:Sterling, Aladine (1922),
1075:New Netherland settlements
420:Director of New Netherland
222:director of New Netherland
112:, authored G. V. C. Young
98:Pulitzer Prize for History
1703:Jenkins, Stephen (1912),
1686:Comfort, Randall (1906),
1636:"Harlem in the Old Times"
1172:"Jonas and Pieter Bronck"
587:
570:registered historic place
551:Descendants and relations
391:, through which runs the
341:and 500 feet east of the
66:
2166:Wylie, Jonathon (1987),
2007:Hudson Valley Mercantile
1812:Shorto, Russell (2004).
1425:The Founder of The Bronx
1422:Young, G. V. C. (1981).
1316:New York State Library,
1096:Evjen, John Q. (1972) ,
993:People of New Netherland
202:Dutch West India Company
110:The Founder of the Bronx
606:Bronx County Courthouse
265:harbor of New Amsterdam
249:Jochem Pietersen Kuyter
2149:Gjerset, Knut (1933).
1974:Hansen, Harry (1950).
1849:Sultzman, Lee (1997).
1505:Nilsson, Elna (2007).
1037:
957:Sebastiaen Jansen Krol
933:Cornelius Jacobsen May
597:
507:Bronck's becomes Bronx
483:, a settlement on the
418:On February 23, 1643,
377:Jonas Bronck homestead
285:
88:New York State Library
29:
2344:July 7, 2011, at the
2264:"Jonas Bronck Center"
1960:The Book of Englewood
1730:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1618:Riker, James (1904),
1036:
1026:Flushing Remonstrance
624:, the capital of the
595:
366:40.80361°N 73.92583°W
278:
96:, winner of the 1999
45:Jonas Jonassen Bronck
24:
2391:History of the Bronx
2067:. November 19, 1975.
2064:St. Petersburg Times
1558:Paulsen, Frederik Sr
1398:"The first Bronxite"
1182:on September 9, 2012
610:James Monroe Hewlett
576:. The American poet
526:English Neighborhood
343:Willis Avenue Bridge
41:Jonas Jonasson Bronk
2118:on January 19, 2012
2013:on November 2, 2014
1851:"Wappinger History"
722:Fort Nassau (South)
712:Fort Nassau (North)
655:Jonas Bronck Center
574:Coxsackie, New York
566:Pieter Bronck House
371:40.80361; -73.92583
361: /
321:, according to the
167:Sävsjö Municipality
37:Jonas Jonsson Brunk
2351:Jonas Brock Center
2294:The New York Times
1978:. Hastings House.
1976:North of Manhattan
1871:Walter Giersbach,
1645:. January 11, 1880
1643:The New York Times
1597:The New York Times
1537:The New York Times
1265:The New York Times
1038:
965:Wouter van Twiller
913:The Patroon System
598:
413:John Ward Dunsmore
387:) now part of the
339:Bruckner Boulevard
286:
216:company appointed
159:The New York Times
30:
27:John Ward Dunsmore
2396:Swedish emigrants
2327:978-0-8383-0326-9
2296:. August 20, 2014
2252:on July 12, 2012.
2179:978-0-8131-1578-8
1820:. Vintage Books (
1747:www.bronxmall.com
1449:Ancestry Magazine
1213:978-3-531-17754-0
1071:
1070:
757:Fort Nya Korsholm
271:Site of homestead
189:on July 6, 1638.
179:banns of marriage
2413:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2270:on March 4, 2016
2266:. Archived from
2260:
2254:
2253:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
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2163:
2157:
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2099:
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2069:
2068:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2009:. Archived from
1999:
1993:
1987:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1932:. The Bronx Mall
1922:"excerpted from
1917:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1819:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1767:on March 4, 2016
1763:. Archived from
1757:
1751:
1750:
1739:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1677:
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1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1640:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1599:. March 25, 1917
1594:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1502:
1485:
1484:
1483:on March 3, 2016
1482:
1476:, archived from
1475:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1325:, archived from
1324:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1178:, archived from
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1093:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1002:New Netherlander
981:Peter Stuyvesant
873:Nieuw Amersfoort
793:Rensselaerswijck
752:Fort Beversreede
683:
675:
674:
564:circa 1650. The
477:Arent van Curler
456:Pavonia Massacre
386:
385:
384:
382:
381:
380:
378:
373:
372:
367:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2356:
2355:
2346:Wayback Machine
2335:
2314:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2221:. July 14, 2015
2217:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2199:. July 16, 2015
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2164:
2160:
2147:
2143:
2121:
2119:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2093:
2091:
2090:on July 7, 2012
2076:
2072:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2032:Katzman, Mark.
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1988:, excerpted at
1972:
1968:
1955:
1951:
1935:
1933:
1918:
1914:
1901:
1897:
1884:
1880:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
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1784:
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1433:
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1416:
1396:
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1391:
1375:
1368:
1358:
1344:
1337:
1332:on July 7, 2011
1329:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1260:
1254:
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1168:
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1154:
1152:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1094:
1087:
1083:
1067:
941:Willem Verhulst
907:
788:Nieuw Amsterdam
766:
727:Fort Goede Hoop
678:
673:
657:
618:
590:
553:
509:
472:
464:Anne Hutchinson
433:. Expansionist
401:
376:
374:
370:
368:
364:
363:
360:
355:
352:
350:
348:
347:
346:
315:Randalls Island
273:
195:
175:
69:
51:after whom the
35:(alternatively
17:
12:
11:
5:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2334:
2333:External links
2331:
2330:
2329:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2281:
2255:
2232:
2210:
2188:
2178:
2158:
2141:
2100:
2084:The Daily News
2070:
2050:
2024:
1994:
1966:
1949:
1912:
1895:
1878:
1863:
1841:
1834:
1804:
1798:
1778:
1752:
1734:
1721:
1715:
1695:
1678:
1656:
1627:
1610:
1581:
1549:
1523:
1486:
1459:
1431:
1414:
1389:
1383:. p. 10.
1366:
1356:
1335:
1308:
1276:
1248:
1222:
1212:
1192:
1162:
1151:on May 9, 2008
1145:Bronx Notables
1132:
1114:
1108:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
996:
995:
989:
988:
987:
986:
978:
970:
962:
954:
946:
938:
927:
926:
925:
924:
916:
915:
909:
908:
906:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
779:
776:
775:
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
747:Fort Wilhelmus
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
707:Fort Amsterdam
703:
700:
699:
696:Fortifications
692:
691:
685:
684:
680:New Netherland
672:
669:
656:
653:
617:
614:
589:
586:
552:
549:
530:Richard Morris
508:
505:
471:
470:Last testament
468:
400:
397:
393:Oak Point Link
279:Map (c. 1639)
272:
269:
194:
191:
174:
171:
135:Dutch-language
68:
65:
49:New Netherland
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2418:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2339:William Bronk
2337:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2220:
2214:
2198:
2192:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1835:0-385-50349-0
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1808:
1801:
1799:9780814751862
1795:
1792:, NYU Press,
1791:
1790:
1782:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1731:
1725:
1718:
1716:9780788423383
1712:
1708:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1690:
1682:
1666:
1660:
1644:
1637:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1508:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1418:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1357:0-19-511634-8
1353:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1328:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1181:
1177:
1176:Register-Star
1173:
1166:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:"Jonas Bronx"
1136:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1111:
1109:0-8063-0501-0
1105:
1101:
1100:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
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1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1031:
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1027:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1015:
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1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
994:
991:
990:
985:
982:
979:
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974:
971:
969:
966:
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961:
958:
955:
953:
950:
947:
945:
942:
939:
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934:
931:
930:
929:
928:
923:
920:
919:
918:
917:
914:
911:
910:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
883:Nieuw Utrecht
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
798:Nieuw Haarlem
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
783:Noten Eylandt
781:
780:
778:
777:
773:
770:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
702:
701:
697:
694:
693:
690:
687:
686:
681:
677:
676:
668:
666:
662:
652:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:Faroe Islands
623:
613:
611:
607:
603:
594:
585:
583:
579:
578:William Bronk
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:Hudson Valley
559:
548:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:known as the
523:
517:
515:
504:
500:
496:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
467:
465:
461:
460:New Amsterdam
457:
453:
452:Corlaers Hook
449:
445:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:Weckquaesgeek
424:
423:William Kieft
421:
416:
415:(1856–1945).
414:
410:
406:
396:
394:
390:
383:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:New Testament
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
299:
295:
291:
282:
277:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
213:
210:
205:
203:
198:
190:
188:
184:
180:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
139:Ortnamnsarkiv
136:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
103:
99:
95:
94:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
64:
62:
58:
57:New York City
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
28:
23:
19:
2366:1600s births
2318:
2298:. Retrieved
2293:
2284:
2272:. Retrieved
2268:the original
2258:
2250:the original
2245:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2191:
2183:
2168:
2161:
2151:
2144:
2135:Fire of Troy
2134:
2127:
2120:. Retrieved
2116:the original
2111:
2103:
2092:, retrieved
2088:the original
2083:
2073:
2062:
2053:
2041:. Retrieved
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:the original
2006:
1997:
1975:
1969:
1959:
1952:
1946:
1941:
1934:. Retrieved
1931:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1905:
1898:
1888:
1881:
1872:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1844:
1822:Random House
1815:
1807:
1788:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1765:the original
1755:
1746:
1737:
1729:
1724:
1705:
1698:
1688:
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1659:
1649:December 30,
1647:. Retrieved
1642:
1630:
1620:
1613:
1603:December 26,
1601:. Retrieved
1596:
1584:
1576:
1569:. Retrieved
1566:Rootsweb.com
1565:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1536:
1526:
1516:February 18,
1514:. Retrieved
1512:(in Swedish)
1478:the original
1469:
1462:
1453:
1447:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1402:The Advocate
1401:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1361:
1347:
1327:the original
1318:
1311:
1303:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1270:February 20,
1268:, retrieved
1264:
1251:
1243:
1231:
1225:
1217:
1202:
1195:
1186:February 18,
1184:, retrieved
1180:the original
1175:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:the original
1144:
1135:
1126:
1123:Ultan, Lloyd
1117:
1098:
983:
975:
973:Willem Kieft
967:
959:
951:
949:Peter Minuit
943:
935:
898:Nieuw Amstel
823:Vriessendael
737:Fort Casimir
658:
650:
620:The town of
619:
599:
582:Detlev Bronk
554:
546:
534:Lewis Morris
532:and Colonel
518:
510:
501:
497:
493:
473:
446:(in today's
417:
409:Wecquaesgeek
402:
331:resurrection
313:across from
307:Harlem River
298:Wecquaesgeek
287:
280:
261:Fire of Troy
260:
246:
238:Vriessendael
234:
218:Willem Kieft
214:
206:
199:
196:
176:
165:the seat of
109:
107:
91:
85:
70:
44:
40:
36:
33:Jonas Bronck
32:
31:
18:
2401:Kieft's War
2371:1643 deaths
2122:January 20,
2094:February 7,
1936:January 20,
1856:January 14,
1824:). p.
1671:February 8,
1571:January 11,
1542:November 1,
1456:(4): 36–41.
1155:January 20,
893:Swaanendael
843:Colen Donck
772:Settlements
742:Fort Altena
717:Fort Orange
689:Exploration
522:North River
489:Fort Orange
485:North River
448:Jersey City
369: /
325:, is where
242:Colen Donck
209:Tulip mania
118:Netherlands
73:Lloyd Ultan
63:are named.
59:borough of
53:Bronx River
2360:Categories
2246:Daily News
1081:References
1007:Twelve Men
903:Nieuw Dorp
868:Breuckelen
863:Gravesende
838:Oude Dorpe
833:Vlissingen
828:Achter Col
803:Beverwijck
762:De Rondout
558:Beverwijck
542:Morrisania
514:Mott Haven
444:Communipaw
375: (
356:73°55′33″W
353:40°48′13″N
335:Mott Haven
311:Bronx Kill
300:groups of
290:East River
183:New Church
2300:March 15,
2274:March 15,
2225:March 15,
2219:"Welcome"
2203:March 15,
2197:"Welcome"
1771:March 15,
1240:649654938
1012:Eight Men
984:(1647–64)
976:(1638–47)
968:(1633–38)
960:(1632–33)
952:(1626–32)
944:(1625–26)
936:(1620–25)
853:Heemstede
848:Greenwich
616:Namesakes
481:Beverwyck
405:homestead
302:Wappinger
257:Zuiderzee
187:Amsterdam
151:Jönköping
130:betrothal
102:Mennonite
61:the Bronx
2342:Archived
2130:Lutheran
2043:June 14,
2017:June 11,
1560:(1976).
1125:(1993).
1017:Nine Men
858:Rustdorp
808:Wiltwijk
671:See also
642:Roskilde
634:Tórshavn
630:Lutheran
622:Tórshavn
538:Barbados
309:and the
173:Marriage
126:New York
2312:Sources
2112:History
1300:1836219
888:Boswijk
878:Midwout
818:Pavonia
646:Denmark
604:at the
560:in the
435:Mahican
294:Siwanoy
255:on the
155:Småland
147:Komstad
143:Uppsala
2325:
2176:
1984:542679
1982:
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813:Bergen
732:De Wal
682:series
661:Sävsjö
588:Legacy
450:) and
439:Mohawk
431:Tappan
319:Emmaus
284:river.
226:Lenape
163:Sävsjö
161:cites
124:, and
122:Sweden
114:O.B.E.
77:Sweden
67:Origin
1639:(PDF)
1593:(PDF)
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1481:(PDF)
1474:(PDF)
1330:(PDF)
1323:(PDF)
1296:JSTOR
1261:(PDF)
602:mural
568:is a
487:near
327:Jesus
253:Hoorn
43:, or
2323:ISBN
2302:2016
2276:2016
2227:2016
2205:2016
2174:ISBN
2124:2012
2096:2012
2045:2014
2019:2014
1980:OCLC
1938:2012
1858:2012
1830:ISBN
1794:ISBN
1773:2016
1711:ISBN
1673:2014
1651:2012
1605:2012
1573:2011
1544:2015
1518:2012
1352:ISBN
1272:2012
1236:OCLC
1208:ISBN
1188:2012
1157:2012
1104:ISBN
437:and
429:and
296:and
240:and
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572:in
491:.)
220:as
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