583:
636:
292:(1908), its façade described as eclectic in style and spanning 300 yards. With the construction cost estimated at 4,4m pesetas and esthetical controversies raised, it was nevertheless applauded as a masterpiece of its time, combining technical innovation and high functionality. Especially the large hospital, an elaborate system of pavilions and rooms accommodating 250 beds, with subterranean passages and open galleries, attracted general praise. Enormous scope of the project prolonged the construction work, plagued by a number of misfortunes, like strikes, fires and political instability; the complex was eventually officially opened in 1949.
393:, Tren Articulado Ligero Goicoechea Oriol, the new manufacturing and transportation company. The enterprise proved to be a commercial and technological success, though initially it had to rely on the US-based production and was desperately short of foreign currency. By the early 1950s TALGO trains were already providing regular high-speed service, up to 135 km/h, at different national railway routes. They also figured prominently in the Francoist propaganda, expected to demonstrate robustness of the Spanish industry and modernizing capacity of the regime. In 2005 the majority stake in TALGO was bought by
375:
426:
296:
527:
146:
602:. Oriol sided with those who unconditionally supported the rebellion and committed Álavese requetes accordingly, the position clearly against the national Carlist leadership, which claimed that the generals should accept the Carlist demands first; controversy between Oriol and Fal ensued. During initial days of the insurrection Oriol was key to mobilizing local Álava support and organizing Requeté units; as a result, most of the province fell to the Nationalists.
242:
343:
2077:, p. 58. “Dios nos ha concedido algo esencial para continuar nuestro camino: un hombre providencial que surgió en la coyuntura y vino a dar a este movimiento, un movimiento de raíz foral, un movimiento de raíz de raza, el movimiento de los ayuntamientos. Ese hombre es Agirre. Su nombre quedará ahí señalado sobre el árbol de Gernika”, quoted after Iñaki Gil Basterra,
31:
1827:
661:. Except a single work claiming he recognized Don Juan as a Carlist king in 1956, most scholars do not list Oriol y Uriguen among the Juanistas; one author claims that Oriol was firmly against recognising Don Juan as a Carlist heir. None of the sources consulted offers any information on José Luis Oriol's engagement in post-
358:. When he returned to the top HE post in 1937, Hidrola was already one of the 20 largest Spanish companies (second in the energy sector), controlling 12,5% of the national energy market. Hidroeléctrica owed its success to the sound financial basis, expansive strategy and responsiveness to particular conditions of the
2322:
2242:
2003:
618:. The Francoist pressure started to mount in 1937-1938, as positions of civil governor, head of diputación and provincial FET jefe went to Falangist politicians, marking the end of “oriolista” domination. In 1939 some Álavese politicians protested against the regime ignoring Jose Luis Oriol. Early 1940s “
2416:
Ballestero 2014, p. 17, Ugarte
Telleria 1998 p. 104. In general, enthusiasm in Álava was high but still lower than in Navarre; in Álava there were 30 requete volunteers per 1,000 population, in Navarre the figure was 64 (only certain Álavese comarcas, like Rioja or Valles, reached that level), Ugarte
2032:
he assaulted a radical deputy Muñoz, Ballestero p. 10. Another of his problems was that his luggage with
Spanish securities was intercepted in France; an investigative Cortes procedure was set in motion against Oriol, and he was finally amnestied in 1934, Ballestero 2014, pp. 10-11; he was detained
670:
residence at the outskirts of Madrid, he remained active in business until the mid-1960s. As late as 1969 he paid tribute to Franco visiting him with a group of “old
Traditionalists”, reported by the press as fully aligned with Francoism and confirming that the last Carlist king was Alfonso Carlos.
2589:
Blinkhorn 1975 lists “Jose Luis Oriol” in personal index (p. 392) as mentioned on p. 293, where there is a mere reference to 11 Carlists, footnoted as including an “Oriol” (p. 361); the Oriols are also confused in otherwise detailed and systematic work of Peñas
Bernaldo, 1996, compare index p. 333
593:
Oriol emerged as a front-runner, but his mandate was cancelled on technical grounds by the Left-dominated parliament. He became crucial in
Carlist preparations to overthrow the Republic. His key role was related to financing and organizing illicit transport of arms for Requeté; he also led local
605:
Initially Oriol seemed the political master of insurgent Álava, on excellent terms with the local military commander, in control of Junta
Carlista de Guerra de Álava and the new diputacion provincial dubbed “oriolista”, composed of men forming his entourage. He even allowed himself minor snubs
366:
and resigned in 1941, to be replaced by his son José Maria. Throughout his career he has also remained engaged in many HE subsidiaries like
Madrileña Electra, Electra Valencia, Cartagena UE or Volta Electric. Apart from the energy sector, Oriol entered the construction business co-founding the
354:. In 1909 Oriol replaced the ailing Lucas Urquijo at the helm of the enterprise; though his term lasted only a year, he remained in management structures and contributed to the growth of Hidrola. In 1913 he co-founded Electras Marroquíes, responsible for electrification of Northern zone of
523:Álava would eventually fall prey to Basque nationalism. At this point he advocated that the local Álava councils reject the autonomous statute, which would indeed turn out to be the case, leading Álavese delegations to Madrid and urging exclusion of the province from the autonomy works.
510:
and was comfortably elected, claiming to defend religious and regional rights. Vocal defending the Church and speaking against secularization, he gained notoriety for assaulting another deputy. Initially he spoke vigorously in favor of a Basque-Navarrese autonomy draft and called
2570:
Cantabrana Morras 2005, pp. 158-9; the Álavese
Carlism was increasingly divided between the oriolistas, the intransigent falcondistas, the carloctavistas and the Nucleo Lealtad group, active already in the Republican times and led by Elizagarate, Cantabrana Morras 2005, pp.
325:
river in Madrid, though it was dwarfed by polemics raised by another of his schemes. At that time Madrid was changing into the modern metropolis and kept struggling to cope with the rapidly increasing traffic; to this end, in 1919 Oriol presented his plan, named
494:
and promoting the cause of
Christian monarchism and Basque-Spanish loyalty. Within short period he gained a dominant position within the provincial Right and is named paradigmatic for the Rightist Basque caciquismo, Álava sometimes dubbed his personal fiefdom.
570:, the organization he heavily supported financially. As die-hard Carlists grew increasingly resentful of mixing with debris of the fallen usurper monarchy Rodezno stepped down, suggesting that Oriol replaces him. When Alfonso Carlos nominated the intransigent
665:
Carlism, suggesting that there was indeed none and that he abandoned politics to dedicate himself to business, charity and family life. In 1958 Franco, as the head of state, confirmed the marques title for Oriol, in 1959 transferred to his son. Living in his
2485:, p. 10: “Una vez allí, exigieron la presencia del Obispo y a su llegada le obligaron a gritar “! Viva España!”. Como el Obispo dijese “pues Viva España”, la multitud de energúmenos gritaron, “no, sin el pues”, teniendo que repetir los gritos de rigor”
1882:
it was set up in 1931 as a conservative, regionalist and
Catholic party. It contained a Carlist flavor, though attracting different breeds of monarchists it fell short of dynastical declarations, merging with Carlism in 1932, Javier Ugarte Tellería,
318:, gained recognition and indeed notoriety for its lavish finishing, including stained-glass windows, fountains and frescos; some of its features bordered extravagance, like elevators which carried horses to and from the rooftop exercise ring.
199:
The couple settled in Bilbao, where both José Luis and his younger sister María were born. José studied architecture in Madrid, graduating as the first in class in 1903, to continue with his studies later on in Paris. In 1904 he married an
643:
In the late 1930s, at the height of his political career, for reasons which remain unclear Oriol started to withdraw from politics, ceding most duties to his son and apparently distancing himself from great schemes by becoming
1825:
his election was contested as supported by fraud, though Oriol himself claimed not a single vote has been bought and Tribunal Supremo pronounced there were no irregularities, Ballestero 2014, pp. 7-8; official Cortes service
1920:
editor, a nationalist Domingo Arrese, Oriol re-founded the company and re-launched the newspaper under a new title and with partially changed editorial staff. It was issued in 3,000 copies, its chief editors having been
121:(1877–1972), was a Spanish businessman, architect and politician. As an architect he designed few historicist residential buildings, some of them very prestigious today. As a businessman he was the moving spirit behind
2503:
in 1937 an oriolista civil governor Candido Ichaso was replaced by a Eladio Esparza, who though in his youth related to Carlism, in the 1920s distanced himself from the movement; he soon started to display a Falangist
232:
Spain, either as public servants and politicians or businessmen and entrepreneurs. Many of their numerous offspring are currently present in various areas of public life in Spain, be it politics, business or arts.
652:
in 1939. Though some sources claim that he entered the Falangist National Council and became the regional FET jefe in Biscay, the recent study insists it was José Maria, who also approached the Alfonsist claimant
2668:
in 1952 Oriol founded Fundación Oriol Urquijo, supposed to facilitate philosophy studies in Germany, the idea having been to combine German virtues with Latin ingenuity, Ballestero 2014, p. 19, see its web page
412:, and in the early Francoist era Oriol multiplied his wealth in a peculiar environment of highly regulated economy. He is counted amongst the 100 most important Spanish entrepreneurs of the 20th century.
2995:
2681:
Franco made Jose Luis 2nd marquis of Oriol, which denied marquesado to his grandfather and father; according to the orthodox Carlist reading, José Luis should be considered the 4th marquis, see
2990:
3040:
2394:
it was confirmed for Álava by a message sent by Oriol to the Navarrese: “Diga al Director del Banco que se acepta la letra enlas condiciones de pago establecidas”, quoted after Gil Basterra,
2254:
Oriol was mentally and politically close to Rodezno, both forming part of “establishment”, far away from Carlist radicals and always ready to challenge Fal, see Ugarte Telleria 1998, pp. 85-7
2177:
some authors claim that in fact Oriol has never been a Carlist and that he remained a liberal; the only area where his outlook overlapped Carlism was strong religiosity, Ballestero 2014, p. 9
310:, known today as Palacio del Retiro (1914). It was designed in the centre of Madrid as a family residence and office; currently it hosts a luxury hotel. The building, its style described as
2364:
they talked on June 4 according to Gonzales Calleja 2011, p. 379, or June 3 according to Ugarte Telleria 1998, p. 78; the controversy is discussed in Juan Carlos Peñas Bernaldo de Quirós,
728:
334:. His design, discussed also in public, was eventually rejected by the municipal authorities. Also his other designs did not escape criticism, charged with verbosity and grandiloquence.
3025:
3035:
170:
158:
269:
and having been very esteemed locations until today, currently hosting luxurious hotels or prestigious social events. Their style is usually described as various breeds of
2922:
404:(46m), complemented by urban properties (17m), rural estates (3m) and own industrial assets. He engaged in charity, supporting specifically a medical outlet known as
1208:
Notas históricas para el diseño de la exposición realizada con motivo del centenario del edificio de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Valencia 1909-2009
216:
and a number of other companies; also Catalina's mother owned an immense fortune. From 1905 to 1924 the couple, residing in Madrid, enjoyed birth of 8 children,
205:
490:
253:
career mostly by work on family projects, usually large residential estates. The best known designs of this category are grand villas known as Palacio Oriol in
1419:
some sources claim the project was opposed by commercial tycoons like Horacio Echevarrieta, fearing an adverse impact on their business, Ballestero 2014, p. 4
947:
485:
307:
484:
in Álava. While the country was overwhelmed by the Lefitst sway, Oriol proved pivotal in reconstructing the provincial Right. In 1931 he launched and led
2229:
though he kept somewhat transformed Hermandad de Ayuntamientos de Álava, his personal support party in the province, very much alive, Rivera 2004, p. 585
542:, referring, among other, to his financial support for the Carlist cause. In Junta Nacional Suprema, the body intended to help the ailing party leader,
193:
458:
2275:, 9788496467330, p 434; they gained an ironic nickname of “transaccionistas” instead of “tradicionalistas”, see Eduardo G. Calleja, Julio Aróstegui,
519:
and even the third, Madrid-imposed version. It was only after the Navarrese councils had opted out that Oriol changed his mind, fearing that without
2089:
1565:
and presided over acquisition of Compañia Luz y Fuerza de Levante and Sociedad Electra del Cabriel, Ballestero 2014, p. 6, Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala,
1106:, for Antonio Maria see pp. 444, 718, 798, 800, for Fernando see p. 444, for José Maria see p. 718, for Lucas María see pp. 718, 720, 800, 802, 804
400:
Already in the early 1930s Oriol accumulated or inherited enormous wealth, estimated at 70m pesetas; the bulk of it was formed by various Spanish
3030:
2217:
763:, p. 1 (first page of the chapter, original pagination not available; all subsequent page references are marked as subsequent page in chapter)
1134:
Monica Oriol Icaza, the first woman to lead Circulo de Empresarios, dubbed “la empresaria de hierro” is José Luis’ great-granddaughter, see
1638:
before a test ride across the Sierra de Guadarrama curves Oriol boarded the train, completed a prayer and ordered to proceed at full speed,
3020:
907:
385:
In 1942 Oriol, taking advantage of his family-related position in the banking industry, provided financial backing to an idea developed by
1011:
set up in 1907 jointly with Juan Urrutia, an engineer and heart and soul of the technical dimension of the project, Ballestero 2014, p. 4
228:(the youngest one as a 13-year-old could not enlist). Except Fernando, who died in combat, all of them became well known figures in the
3000:
2883:
408:. During the Civil War the Basque government decided to expropriate him, but the measure was hardly applied as Biscay soon fell to the
2917:
1083:
371:. He was also sitting in executive boards of a number of other companies and owned a semi-private chemical manufacturing enterprise.
321:
Oriol went also beyond architecture, trying his hand in urban planning. He designed a never executed project intended to channel the
1981:
though some sources claim that José Elizagarate was the true organizer of the provincial Traditionalism, Ugarte Telleria 1998, p. 11
181:. Briefly on exile in France, while the war was still ongoing he married Maria de los Dolores Tiburcia Urigüen Urigüen. A native of
547:
1167:
445:
For 40 years Oriol refrained from engaging into politics, and it is not clear why he changed his mind when decided to run on the
409:
1830:
In the parliament Oriol joined Comisión de Hacienda and engaging in works on mining and hydro concessions, Ballestero 2014, p. 8
624:” was still considered in good health and there were its representatives in Diputaction until 1943, though later within Álavese
2975:
2859:
La Guerra Civil en Álava a través de la prensa: un estudio de los discursos propagandísticos en 'Pensamiento Alavés' y 'Norte'
2245:; he joined committees de Estatutos, Industria y Comercio, Comunicaciones Maritimas and Obras Publicas, Ballestero 2014, p. 13
1393:
2821:
Lo viejo y lo nuevo: Díputación-FET de las JONS. La convulsa dinámica política de la "leal" Alava (Segunda parte: 1938-1943)
2802:
Lo viejo y lo nuevo: Díputación-FET de las JONS. La convulsa dinámica política de la "leal" Alava (Primera parte: 1936-1938)
1682:
1646:
1611:
2897:
1741:; note that Oriol owned a chemical business - a company manufacturing photographic films - selling to medical institutions
1327:
736:
512:
582:
551:
2907:
789:
700:
224:, Sacramento, Teresa, Catalina and Ignacio. Four of their five sons enlisted later as the Carlist military volunteers,
2932:
2659:
which was allegedly the only major political point where the father did not agree with the son, Ballestero 2014, p. 93
2445:
El carlismo en la guerra del 36. La formación de un cuasi-estado nacional-corporativo y foral en la zona vasco-navarra
1658:
963:
927:
884:
848:
804:
434:
2795:
2626:
2514:
2204:
2074:
1870:
1776:
1103:
539:
2742:
2599:
Blinkhorn 1975 lists “Jose Luis Oriol” in personal index (p. 392) as mentioned on p. 392, where there is an “Oriol”;
3015:
2980:
2970:
2757:
832:
662:
378:
2726:
1895:, 9788470305313, p. 11. When integrated into Carlism HE boasted 30 circles in the province, Roberto Villa García,
1885:
La nueva Covadonga insurgente: orígenes sociales y culturales de la sublevación de 1936 en Navarra y el País Vasco
1123:
3005:
1589:
like General Española de Minas, Electra de Viesgo, Nueva Argentifera, Minas de Santa Elena, Ballestero 2014, p. 6
1538:
not unrelated to stakes owned by the Basque banking sector, see Ballestero 2014, p. 6, Cayón García 2002, p. 303
992:
La construcción del imaginario simbólico en Vitoria durante el Franquismo: La alcaldía de Luis Ibarra (1957-1966)
1946:
some authors claim that he used to buy votes in every single elections he participated in, compare Iñaki Egaña,
1578:
1354:
868:
559:
2851:
2780:
2647:
2478:
2407:
he spoke from the balcony like Millan Astray, with whom he was a childhood friend, Ugarte Telleria 1998, p. 190
2373:
2343:
2272:
1955:
1904:
1892:
1801:
1520:
following assassination of its president and accidental death of its vice-president, Ballestero 2014, pp. 5, 15
1389:
1339:
1315:
1280:
756:
534:
Though Hermandad Álavesa retained its separate identity, in 1932 Oriol joined the united Carlist organization,
488:, a broad regionalist Catholic conservative grouping; the same year he took over a local daily, re-launched as
2325:; during the third term he joined Comisión de Estatutos and Comisión de Obras Publicas, Ballestero 2014, p. 13
1021:
705:
535:
221:
2682:
2546:
Lo viejo y lo nuevo: Diputacion-FET de las JONS: la convulsa dinámica política de la "leal" Álava (1938-1943)
1966:
Lo viejo y lo nuevo: Diputacion-FET de las JONS: la convulsa dinámica política de la "leal" Álava (1936-1938)
1212:
Acto académico y Exposición Conmemorativa 1909-2009. Centenario del Nuevo edificio de la Facultad de Medicina
590:
555:
499:
450:
157:
landowner family, his first ancestors recorded in the 17th century. The brother of his paternal grandfather,
1922:
1714:
1476:
El archive historic de Iberdrola y la industria eléctrica en España: fondos para la investigación histórica,
331:
695:
315:
209:
122:
1151:
3010:
2912:
2197:
Contrarrevolucionarios: radicalización violenta de las derechas durante la Segunda República, 1931 – 1936
2086:
1926:
1215:
1049:
it consisted of a number of rural properties in Álava and urban estates in Madrid, Ballestero 2014, p. 5
1029:
469:
110:
1191:
635:
503:
2023:
though formally he joined Comision de Comunicación and Comision de Presidencia, Ballestero 2014, p. 10
1698:
1483:
350:
Since 1907 Oriol was member of the executive board of Hidroeléctrica Española, the company run by his
2106:
1509:
1369:
1243:
Palacio San Joseren is now part of Patrimonio Cultural de Getxo, its style summarized as medievalist
1063:
979:
516:
2038:
1738:
1463:
1408:
946:
claims there was also one more sister, Isabel María de la Concepción Bárbara de Oriol y Urigüen see
859:
some sources claim he spent many years on exile and Jose Luis received his education in Paris, see
454:
2718:
1709:
the majority of stakes is now controlled by MCH Private Equity and Trilantic Capital Partners, see
1179:
2110:
1244:
1219:
507:
438:
1598:
Valca, manufacturer of commercial photographic film, used e.g. in medicine, Ballestero 2014, p. 6
2832:
2813:
904:
543:
2105:
Blinkhorn 1975, p. 82; other Carlists who voiced in favor of the statute were Marcelino Oreja,
1380:
Ballestero 2014, p. 4, Miguel Cabañas Bravo, Amelia López-Yarto, Wifredo Rincón García (eds.),
1234:; its style is described as having medieval references with elements of Victorian British style
843:
Ballestero 2014, p. 1; some sources claim he was Segundo jefe del Estado Mayor de Dorregarray,
625:
473:
289:
288:
Probably Oriol's most impressive design is a monumental complex of the Medicine Faculty of the
282:
162:
130:
1958:, 9788481363999, p. 385. Oriol’s grip on the provincial politics was so strong it was dubbed “
1190:
its style is described as eclectic, combining Romanticism and English-style architecture, see
1040:
like La Salobreña in Granada or Compañía Minero-Metalúrgica Los Guindos, Ballestero 2014, p. 4
574:
instead, the entire Junta resigned and the new one, appointed in 1935, did not include Oriol.
374:
217:
2880:
2366:
El Carlismo, la República y la Guerra Civil (1936-1937). De la conspiración a la unificación
654:
2965:
2960:
567:
386:
1931:
La prensa carlista y falangista durante la Segunda República y la Guerra Civil (1931-1937)
8:
1231:
615:
389:, namely construction of a new generation, high-speed train. The result was the birth of
368:
196:, she was heir to a commercial fortune and descendant to a Liberal, anti-Carlist family.
1669:
it was hailed in 1950 as el más alto exponente de la tecnología Española, quoted after
1248:
1164:
405:
322:
2132:
Navarra y Álava ante el Estatuto Vasco (1931-1936): Dos procesos autonómicos paralelos
1916:
as opposed to the Republican and Basque national ideologies. Due to conflict with the
607:
2985:
2847:
2828:
2809:
2791:
2776:
2643:
2622:
2481:, 9781400820184, p 376. He probably refers to an incident described by Gil Basterra,
2474:
2369:
2339:
2268:
2200:
2070:
1951:
1900:
1888:
1866:
1797:
1772:
1385:
1276:
1099:
879:
on February 19, 1876, Ballestero 2014, p. 1; they met in the French San Juan da Luz,
752:
595:
363:
178:
30:
1752:
La represion economica bajo el primer Gobierno Vasco. La Junta Calificadora Central
658:
571:
213:
2346:, 9781101201206, p 42, Blinkhorn 1975, p. 238, Gonzales Calleja 2011, pp. 196, 372
667:
2887:
2093:
1650:
1615:
1171:
911:
685:
562:, supportive of broad monarchical alliances, maintaining personal ties with many
394:
355:
1643:
1608:
1439:
Hidroeléctrica Española: un analis de sus primeros años de actividad (1907-1936)
476:
dictatorship he withdrew from politics, maintaining mere private relations with
173:(1842-1899), pursued a military engineer career and as a colonel sided with the
1214:, Valencia 2009, p 9; some sources indicate its construction date as 1904, see
1135:
922:
Ballestero 2014, p. 1; he took part in defense of Bilbao against the Carlists,
639:
Oriol (3fL) during homage address of Traditionalist ex-deputies to Franco, 1969
480:. After the fall of monarchy Oriol moved from Madrid to his family property in
2942:
1848:
Ballestero 2014, p. 8; some claim he moved to Izarra, Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala,
425:
2954:
2927:
2875:
824:
629:
477:
446:
359:
351:
266:
145:
1678:
526:
295:
465:
2590:
listing "Oriol Jose Ma" and p. 29, mentioning "jefe carlista alaves Oriol"
208:, made his name as a highly successful Basque entrepreneur, co-founder of
1642:
20.04.72; the train reached 135 km/h during testing in January 1944, see
614:, Álava was spared some remnants of its autonomous regime, including the
599:
481:
311:
278:
274:
270:
189:
182:
2014:
his electoral program was titled “Dios y Fueros”, Ballestero 2014, p. 9
506:; refused a safe place on its electoral lists, he led Hermandad into a
401:
1852:; she also claims that in 1932 he moved from Las Arenas back to Madrid
225:
2703:
1459:
1455:
563:
462:
254:
250:
229:
2892:
1260:
1195:
362:
energy market structure. Oriol led Hidrola through the years of the
2426:
Detailed account in Javier Ugarte Tellería, Antonio Rivera Blanco,
611:
241:
161:, was a prominent Carlist; in return for his service to the cause,
154:
2996:
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
1163:
Miquelo Oriol worked as architect and set up a design studio, see
201:
134:
2902:
680:
645:
520:
174:
166:
2737:
he resigned from the board of Babcock & Wilson in 1967, see
397:, though the Oriol family retains a minority share until today.
1925:
and (after 1937) a Catholic priest José Martínez de Marigorta,
1218:; some sources claim the building was co-designed by Oriol and
558:. Oriol forged a close relationship with the new party leader,
342:
258:
186:
73:
55:
2991:
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Spanish Restoration
2277:
La tradición recuperada. El Requeté carlista y la insurrección
1506:
Boletin Oficial de la Zona de Influencia Española en Marruecos
3041:
Businesspeople from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
690:
649:
390:
262:
126:
84:
2608:
Ballestero 2014, p. 17, also Cantabrana Morras 2005, p. 169
1096:
Combatientes Requetés en la Guerra Civil española, 1936-1939
2220:
and Pradera, Ballestero 2014, p. 13, Blinkhorn 1975, p. 133
3026:
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)
2619:
Cruzadistas y carloctavistas: historia de una conspiración
897:
Los Ensanches del muelle nuevo de Portugalete: (1869-1917)
657:
and started working towards rapprochement between him and
3036:
Architects from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
2428:
La Guerra Civil en el País Vasco: la sublevación en Álava
1462:, which is active until today, see its official history
1437:
named Consejo de Administración, Francisco Cayón García,
1382:
Arte, poder y sociedad en la España de los siglos XV a XX
996:
Sancho el sabio: Revista de cultura e investigación Vasca
1681:, see also the propaganda film with Franco aboard Talgo
974:
Some sources claim he spent all his youth in Paris, see
2937:
2670:
2168:
De Pablo 1988, pp. 263-288, 350, Blinkhorn 1975, p. 232
1392:, 9788400086374, p 270. Original document is available
119:
José Luis de Oriol y Urigüen, 2nd Marquis of Casa Oriol
2580:
Ballestero 2014, p. 17, Cantabrana Morras 2005, p. 171
610:. It was thanks to his efforts that unlike Biscay and
2336:
The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
550:, in 1933 having been one of 4 members of this body.
153:
José Luis Valentin Oriol was born to a distinguished
16:
Catalan Spanish politician, businessman and architect
1948:
Quién es quién en la historia del país de los vascos
1146:
Inigo de Oriol y Ybarra was a CEO of Iberdrola, see
598:. Finally, he was instrumental in negotiations with
723:most sources claim his birth year is 1877, see the
515:a “providential figure”, supporting also the later
330:, featuring a proposal to rebuild a section of the
185:and daughter of a prominent member of the emerging
2159:Ballestero 2014, pp. 11-12, Blinkhorn 1975, p. 127
2195:Blinkhorn 1975, p. 72, Eduardo González Calleja,
1897:Las elecciones de 1933 en el País Vasco y Navarra
1310:the building used to host the Talgo offices, see
901:Cuadernos de sección. Historia-Geografía Donostia
2952:
2526:Elizgarate replaced Echave-Sustaeta in late 1937
1482:, Santiago de Compostela 2005, p. 9, available
129:. As a politician he served as Conservative and
1813:Ballestero 2014, p. 7, Ainhoa Arozamana Ayala,
1474:Juan Carlos García Adan, Yolanda Diego Martín,
1026:Los primeros años del Banco Urquijo (1918-1931)
2310:Ballestero 2014, p. 14, Blinkhorn 1975, p. 237
2640:Historia del carlismo contemporaneo 1935-1972
2471:Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939
2451:38 (2009), p. 72, Ugarte Telleria 1998, p. 31
1959:
1685:, note Oriol standing next to Franco at 00:26
1224:Manuel Maria Smith Ibarra, diseñador en Getxo
619:
538:. He engaged in vast correspondence with the
2838:Francisco Cayón García, Miguel Muñoz Rubio,
2513:Elizgarate replaced a “pragmatic oriolista”
1788:Francisco Cayón García, Miguel Muñoz Rubio,
204:, Catalina de Urquijo Vitórica. Her father,
998:36 (2013), p. 233; Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala,
2844:Los 100 empresarios españoles del siglo XX
1794:Los 100 empresarios españoles del siglo XX
1486:, also Cayón García 2002, pp. 303, 308-311
577:
29:
2263:Pablo Martín Aceña, Elena Martínez Ruiz,
1259:see official site of Palacio San Joseren
306:The best known Oriol's work, however, is
2840:José Luís de Oriol y Urigüen (1877-1972)
2561:Cantabrana Morras 2005, pp. 149-150, 162
1790:José Luís de Oriol y Urigüen (1877-1972)
634:
581:
525:
373:
341:
294:
240:
144:
1020:set up by his brother, for details see
273:, with most common references to quasi-
3031:Mayors of places in the Basque Country
2953:
861:Oriol y Urigüen, José Luis (1877-1972)
381:USA-built Talgo locomotive, late 1940s
2938:Fundación Universitaria Oriol Urquijo
2788:Carlism and Crisis in Spain 1931-1939
2067:Carlism and Crisis in Spain 1931-1939
1792:, Eugenio Torres Villanueva (ed.),
1577:Ballestero 2014, p. 6, mcnbiografias
1076:José Luis Valentín de Oriol y Urigüen
2923:Hidroelectrica - historical analysis
2842:, Eugenio Torres Villanueva (ed.),
2535:Cantabrana Morras 2004, pp. 164, 180
1273:Arquitectura y urbanismo en Valencia
628:the oriolistas were outpaced by the
3021:20th-century Spanish businesspeople
140:
13:
2765:
2079:Araba en 1936. Guerra y repression
2033:in course of the proceedings, see
1194:; currently it hosts a hotel, see
261:(1911) and Palacio San Joséren in
14:
3052:
3001:Spanish people of Catalan descent
2946:; contemporary Carlist propaganda
2893:Palacio San Joseren official site
2869:
169:of Oriol in 1870. José's father,
2944:Vizcainos! Por Dios y por España
2747:
2731:
2708:
2696:
2687:
2675:
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2507:
2497:
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2437:
2420:
2410:
2401:
2388:
2379:
2358:
2349:
2328:
2313:
2304:
1504:Ballestero 2014, p. 6, see also
1454:in 1992 the company merged with
1116:Luis Fernando de Oriol y Urquijo
1058:a carmelistan nun in Cerro, see
706:Antonio María de Oriol y Urquijo
556:re-elected to the Cortes in 1933
424:
159:Buenaventura de Oriol y Salvador
2898:Palacio del Retiro booking page
2638:compare Josep Carles Clemente,
2295:
2286:
2257:
2248:
2232:
2223:
2210:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2153:
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2055:
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2017:
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1984:
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1940:
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1592:
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1571:
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1532:
1529:Cayón García 2002, pp. 303, 317
1523:
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895:Gorka Pérez de la Peña Oleaga,
889:
2494:Cantabrana Morras 2004, p. 165
2460:Cantabrana Morras 2004, p. 161
2355:Blinkhorn 1975, pp. 243-4, 246
2265:La economía de la guerra civil
1547:Cayón García 2002, pp. 319-324
1480:Congreso de Historia Económica
1428:Torreño Calatayud 2005, p. 137
873:
853:
837:
809:
794:
775:
766:
741:
717:
337:
1:
2976:20th-century Spanish nobility
2320:Indice Historico de Diputados
2239:Indice Historico de Diputados
2000:Indice Historico de Diputados
1675:Aunamendi Eusko Entziklopedia
1458:, constituting a new entity,
1443:Revista de Historia Económica
903:21 (1993), p. 189, available
821:Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia
701:José María de Oriol y Urquijo
502:Oriol negotiated joining the
415:
2857:Virginia López de Maturana,
1769:The Franco Regime, 1936-1975
1607:see TALGO official web page
1230:service 20.04.12, available
990:Virginia López de Maturana,
711:
606:towards the Vitoria bishop,
546:, he represented the entire
265:(1916), all overlooking the
257:(1902), Palacio Arriluce in
236:
7:
2385:Ballestero 2014, pp. p15-16
1964:”, Iker Cantabrana Morras,
1326:see official Marriott page
1271:Mariano Torreño Calatayud,
782:José María de Oriol y Gordo
674:
594:clandestine talks with the
300:Hotel AC Palacio del Retiro
245:Palacio Oriol in Santurtzi.
171:José María de Oriol y Gordo
10:
3057:
2773:José Ma de Oriol y Urquijo
2702:currently headquarters of
2121:Ballestero 2014, pp. 11-12
1767:Compare Stanley G. Payne,
1750:Lorenzo Sebastián García,
1353:tourist service available
930:, Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala,
749:José Ma de Oriol y Urquijo
1960:
1671:Alejandro Goicoechea Omar
1508:4/1916, p. 18, available
1220:Manuel Maria Smith Ybarra
1002:describes her as Bilbaina
759:, 9788483569153, chapter
620:
591:During the 1936 elections
328:Reforma interna de Madrid
133:MP, growing into a local
106:
98:
90:
80:
62:
37:
28:
21:
2881:Medicine Faculty project
2876:Jose Oriol in Euskomedia
2819:Iker Cantabrana Morras,
2800:Iker Cantabrana Morras,
2544:Iker Cantabrana Morras,
2443:Javier Ugarte Tellería,
2147:Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala,
2061:Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala,
2049:Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala,
1927:Eduardo González Calleja
1626:Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala,
1338:europeforvisitors guide
1301:Vera Sempere 2009, p. 13
1206:Francisco Vera Sempere,
815:Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala,
536:Comunión Tradicionalista
356:the Spanish protectorate
111:Comunión Tradicionalista
3016:Spanish anti-communists
2981:Spanish Roman Catholics
2971:Politicians from Bilbao
2913:Iberdrola official site
2417:Tellera 1998, pp. 466-7
2149:José Luis Oriol Urigüen
2063:José Luis Oriol Urigüen
2051:José Luis Oriol Urigüen
1850:José Luis Oriol Urigüen
1815:José Luis Oriol Urigüen
1628:José Luis Oriol Urigüen
1567:José Luis Oriol Urigüen
1292:Vera Sempere 2009, p. 7
1283:, 9788496419087, p. 137
1000:José Luis Oriol Urigüen
958:Ballestero 2014, p. 4,
942:Ballestero 2014, p. 4;
932:José Luis Oriol Urigüen
817:José Luis Oriol Urigüen
761:Antecedentes familiares
696:Hidroelectrica Espanola
586:requeté on parade, 1936
578:Conspirator and retiree
560:Tomás Domínguez Arévalo
508:Basque-Carlist alliance
439:Basque-Carlist minority
210:Hidroeléctrica Española
123:Hidroeléctrica Española
23:José Luis Oriol Urigüen
3006:Regionalism (politics)
2933:Oriol's press obituary
2928:Oriol on video (00:26)
2693:Ballestero 2014, p. 19
2449:Historia contemporánea
2432:Historia contemporánea
2376:, 9788487863523, p. 33
2301:Ballestero 2014, p. 13
2292:Blinkhorn 1975, p. 137
2281:Historia contemporánea
1907:, 9788498491159, p. 51
1022:Onésimo Díaz Hernández
640:
587:
531:
500:1931 election campaign
382:
347:
303:
290:University of Valencia
249:José Luis started his
246:
150:
149:José María Oriol Gordo
2434:1 (1988), pp. 181-204
2186:Ballestero 2014, p.11
1990:Ballestero 2014, p. 8
1839:Ballestero 2014, p. 8
1725:Ballestero 2014, p. 7
1556:Ballestero 2014, p. 5
1495:Ballestero 2014, p. 5
831:09.08.1967 available
772:Ballestero 2014, p. 1
735:web claims 1888, see
727:genealogical service
638:
585:
552:On the Carlist ticket
529:
453:. In the ambience of
377:
345:
298:
244:
206:Lucas Urquijo Urrutia
148:
2918:Geni Jose Oriol page
2903:Estella Statute text
2863:El Argonauta español
2771:Alfonso Ballestero,
2065:; Martin Blinkhorn,
2037:04.10.32, available
1935:El Argonauta español
1657:20.04.72 available
1150:08.10.11 available
747:Alfonso Ballestero,
457:he was elected as a
387:Alejandro Goicoechea
369:Babcock & Wilcox
2908:Talgo official site
2756:27.3.69, available
2741:04.07.68 available
2725:03.06.66 available
2717:14.12.76 available
2130:Santiago de Pablo,
1737:29.08.27 available
1713:15.09.14 available
1697:23.12.05 available
1407:03.01.20 available
1368:05.11.85 available
1178:28.01.00 available
1062:05.11.85 available
978:05.11.85 available
962:20.04.72 available
926:20.04.72 available
883:20.04.72 available
847:20.04.72 available
803:20.04.72 available
616:Concierto economico
544:marques de Villores
220:, Lucas, Fernando,
3011:Spanish architects
2886:2013-10-24 at the
2854:, pp. 255–258
2835:, pp. 139–169
2816:, pp. 149–180
2790:, Cambridge 1975,
2786:Martin Blinkhorn,
2642:, Barcelona 1976,
2621:, Barcelona 2012,
2473:, Princeton 2012,
2267:, Barcelona 2006,
2092:2014-12-21 at the
2069:, Cambridge 1975,
1972:21 (2004), p. 156;
1923:José Goñi Aizpurúa
1649:2014-12-01 at the
1614:2014-12-01 at the
1170:2014-12-21 at the
910:2014-12-21 at the
788:service available
641:
588:
532:
491:Pensamiento Alavés
383:
367:Spanish branch of
348:
304:
247:
151:
2552:22 (2005), p. 151
2469:Gabriel Jackson,
2138:10 (1988), p. 349
2136:Príncipe de Viana
2083:arturocampion.com
1863:Historia de Álava
1758:29 (1999), p. 174
1445:20 (2002), p. 309
1312:europeforvisitors
1275:, Valencia 2005,
1228:Memorias de Getxo
1094:Julio Aróstegui,
486:Hermandad Álavesa
308:casa de Montalbán
179:Third Carlist War
116:
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572:Manuel Fal Conde
566:and engaging in
530:Carlist standard
459:cuckoo candidate
428:
141:Family and youth
69:
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2888:Wayback Machine
2872:
2846:, Madrid 2000,
2825:Sancho el Sabio
2806:Sancho el Sabio
2783:, 9788483569160
2775:, Madrid 2014,
2768:
2766:Further reading
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107:Political party
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52:4 November 1877
47:
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42:José Luis Oriol
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2868:
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2855:
2836:
2817:
2798:
2784:
2767:
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2746:
2730:
2707:
2695:
2686:
2674:
2661:
2652:
2631:
2617:César Alcalá,
2610:
2601:
2592:
2582:
2573:
2563:
2554:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2506:
2496:
2487:
2462:
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2419:
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2387:
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2348:
2327:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2256:
2247:
2231:
2222:
2216:with Rodezno,
2209:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2140:
2123:
2114:
2107:Joaquin Beunza
2098:
2054:
2042:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1939:
1937:9 (2012), p. 4
1918:Heraldo Alaves
1909:
1875:
1854:
1841:
1832:
1818:
1806:
1804:, pp. 255-258
1781:
1760:
1743:
1727:
1718:
1702:
1687:
1662:
1631:
1619:
1600:
1591:
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1570:
1558:
1549:
1540:
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1522:
1513:
1497:
1488:
1467:
1447:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1397:
1373:
1358:
1351:Fodor's Travel
1343:
1331:
1319:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1264:
1252:
1236:
1199:
1183:
1156:
1139:
1127:
1108:
1087:
1067:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1013:
1004:
983:
967:
951:
935:
915:
888:
872:
865:mcn.biografias
852:
836:
808:
793:
774:
765:
740:
715:
713:
710:
709:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
676:
673:
630:Carloctavistas
626:Traditionalism
579:
576:
472:). During the
451:Cortes in 1918
449:ticket to the
433:
432:
423:
422:
421:
420:
419:
417:
414:
339:
336:
238:
235:
212:, co-owner of
194:Lucien Urigüen
142:
139:
131:Traditionalist
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
100:
99:Known for
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
70:(aged 94)
64:
60:
59:
54:
41:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3053:
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3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
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3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
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2989:
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2979:
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2796:9780521207294
2793:
2789:
2785:
2782:
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2774:
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2769:
2759:
2755:
2754:La Vanguardia
2750:
2744:
2740:
2739:La Vanguardia
2734:
2728:
2724:
2723:La Vanguardia
2720:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2665:
2656:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2628:
2627:9788493884253
2624:
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2614:
2605:
2596:
2586:
2577:
2567:
2558:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2517:in early 1938
2516:
2510:
2500:
2491:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2457:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2433:
2429:
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2397:
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2375:
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2202:
2198:
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2127:
2118:
2112:
2111:Julián Elorza
2108:
2102:
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2075:9780521207294
2072:
2068:
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2029:
2020:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1936:
1932:
1928:
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1778:
1777:9780299110741
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1313:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1282:
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1274:
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1256:
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1247:or eclectic
1246:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1225:
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1217:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1187:
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829:La Vanguardia
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738:
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478:Antonio Maura
475:
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470:Jaen province
467:
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411:
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357:
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352:father-in-law
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267:Bay of Biscay
264:
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222:Antonio María
219:
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214:Banco Urquijo
211:
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89:
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83:
79:
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66:15 April 1972
65:
61:
57:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2943:
2862:
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2315:
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2264:
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2250:
2238:
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2225:
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2182:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2131:
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2117:
2101:
2085:, available
2082:
2078:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2034:
2028:
2019:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1917:
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1115:
1111:
1095:
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1079:
1075:
1070:
1059:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1028:, available
1025:
1016:
1007:
999:
995:
991:
986:
975:
970:
959:
954:
943:
938:
931:
923:
918:
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896:
891:
880:
875:
864:
860:
855:
844:
839:
828:
820:
816:
811:
800:
796:
785:
781:
777:
768:
760:
748:
743:
732:
724:
719:
642:
608:Mateo Mugica
604:
589:
533:
513:Jose Aguirre
497:
489:
444:
410:Nationalists
399:
384:
349:
327:
320:
305:
299:
287:
281:and British
248:
198:
152:
118:
117:
68:(1972-04-15)
2966:1972 deaths
2961:1877 births
2827:22 (2005),
2808:21 (2004),
2035:La Libertad
1174:, see also
663:unification
548:Vascongadas
482:Urcabustaiz
338:Businessman
316:neo-baroque
279:Romanticism
275:medievalism
271:historicism
190:bourgeoisie
183:Portugalete
177:during the
175:legitimists
81:Nationality
2955:Categories
2852:848871727X
2781:8483569167
2648:8425307600
2483:Araba 1936
2479:1400820189
2396:Araba 1936
2374:8487863523
2344:1101201207
2273:8496467333
2241:available
2002:available
1956:8481363995
1905:8498491150
1893:847030531X
1802:848871727X
1711:Cinco Dias
1677:available
1390:8400086376
1281:8496419088
1122:available
1082:available
867:available
823:available
757:8483569159
733:Geneallnet
668:El Plantio
564:Alfonsinos
468:district (
463:Andalusian
455:caciquismo
416:Politician
402:securities
323:Manzanares
218:José María
163:Carlos VII
102:Politician
91:Occupation
48:1877-11-04
2865:13 (2016)
2833:1131-5350
2814:1131-5350
1961:oriolismo
1673:entry in
1460:Iberdrola
1456:Iberduero
1118:entry at
1078:entry at
1074:< see
863:entry at
784:entry at
712:Footnotes
621:oriolismo
461:from the
437:Oriol in
364:Civil War
302:(Madrid).
255:Santurtzi
251:architect
237:Architect
230:Francoist
165:made him
94:architect
2986:Carlists
2884:Archived
2650:, p. 299
2090:Archived
1873:, p. 454
1756:Vasconia
1735:La Epoca
1647:Archived
1612:Archived
1168:Archived
908:Archived
725:Geneanet
675:See also
655:Don Juan
612:Gipuzkoa
540:claimant
332:Gran Via
312:eclectic
137:tycoon.
2715:El Pais
2629:, p.385
2218:Lamamie
2207:, p. 76
1695:El Pais
1653:, also
1366:El Pais
1176:El Pais
1148:El Pais
1060:El Pais
976:El Pais
827:, also
681:Carlism
646:alcalde
596:Falange
554:he was
521:Navarre
498:In the
447:maurist
346:HE logo
226:Requeté
202:alavesa
167:marquis
155:Catalan
85:Spanish
2850:
2831:
2812:
2794:
2779:
2704:MAPFRE
2646:
2625:
2477:
2398:, p. 3
2372:
2342:
2271:
2203:
2096:, p. 6
2073:
1954:
1903:
1891:
1869:
1800:
1775:
1478:{in:]
1405:El Sol
1388:
1279:
1222:, see
1102:
755:
659:Franco
259:Neguri
187:Biscay
74:Madrid
56:Bilbao
2571:156-7
1314:site
691:Talgo
650:Getxo
466:Baeza
391:TALGO
263:Getxo
135:Álava
127:Talgo
2861:,
2848:ISBN
2829:ISSN
2810:ISSN
2792:ISBN
2777:ISBN
2758:here
2743:here
2727:here
2719:here
2683:here
2671:here
2644:ISBN
2623:ISBN
2504:zeal
2475:ISBN
2370:ISBN
2340:ISBN
2323:here
2269:ISBN
2243:here
2201:ISBN
2087:here
2071:ISBN
2039:here
2004:here
1952:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1889:ISBN
1867:ISBN
1828:here
1798:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1739:here
1715:here
1699:here
1683:here
1679:here
1659:here
1644:here
1609:here
1579:here
1510:here
1484:here
1464:here
1409:here
1394:here
1386:ISBN
1370:here
1355:here
1340:here
1328:here
1316:here
1277:ISBN
1261:here
1249:here
1245:here
1232:here
1216:here
1196:here
1192:here
1180:here
1165:here
1152:here
1136:here
1124:here
1120:Geni
1100:ISBN
1084:here
1080:Geni
1064:here
1030:here
980:here
964:here
948:here
944:Geni
928:here
905:here
885:here
869:here
849:here
833:here
825:here
805:here
790:here
786:Geni
753:ISBN
737:here
729:here
600:Mola
125:and
63:Died
38:Born
2823:,
2804:,
2548:,
2447:,
2430:,
2279:,
2134:,
2081:,
1968:,
1933:,
1754:,
1655:ABC
1640:ABC
1441:,
1226:,
1210:,
994:,
960:ABC
924:ABC
899:,
881:ABC
845:ABC
819:,
801:ABC
648:of
504:PNV
379:ACF
314:or
2957::
2721:,
1929:,
1024:,
632:.
285:.
277:,
192:,
1154:,
50:)
46:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
