213:. Here a college was formed, the languages of the natives were studied, and eventually, a printing press was established. Acosta probably resided at Juli during much of his stay in Peru. It was here, in all likelihood, that he observed the famous comet of 1577, from November 1 to December 8, which extended like a fiery plume from the horizon nearly to the zenith. Here, too, he devoted much of his time to the preparation of several learned works, which he later took back to Spain in manuscript, including the first two books of the
753:
355:. He sailed home to Spain in the fleet of 1587, which contained a precious cargo, including twelve chests of gold each weighing 100 lb (45 kg), 11,000,000 pieces of silver, and two chests of emeralds each weighing 100 lb, in addition to loads of ginger, sarsaparilla, Brazil wood and animal hides. In Spain he filled the chair of theology at the Roman college in 1594, head of the Jesuits College at
372:
159:
in the interior. He took the route, with fourteen or fifteen companions, across the mountainous province of
Huarochiri, and by the lofty pass of Pariacaca (over 14,000 ft (4,300 m)), where the whole party suffered severely from the effects of the rarefied atmosphere. Acosta describes these
296:
Shortly after the Third
Council of Lima, he embarked with all his manuscripts, the literary labors of fifteen years, and commenced his voyage to Mexico. During the passage, he was a shrewd observer of nature and knowledge seeker. He learned from an expert Portuguese pilot that there were four
230:
Towards the close of the viceroyalty of Toledo, Father Acosta appears to have moved from the interior of Peru to Lima. Here he mentions superintending the casting of a great bell, for which there was difficulty in getting fuel for the furnace, making it necessary to fell great trees in the
284:, but met with considerable opposition from the Viceroy Toledo. His official duties obliged him to investigate personally a very extensive range of territory, so that he acquired a practical knowledge of the vast province, and of its aboriginal inhabitants. At the 1582 session of the
27:
261:. Acosta had conversations with the pilot of Sarmiento's fleet, and was allowed to inspect his chart, thus obtaining much hydrographic information, and particulars respecting the tides in the straits. He also conversed with the new Viceroy Don Martín Henríquez on the same subject.
143:, in the clever antics of troops of monkeys. From Panama he embarked for Peru to pursue missionary work. He expected to experience unbearably intense heat in crossing the equator, but found it to be so cool in March, that he laughed at Aristotle and his philosophy.
322:
and natural products of this country. His chief informant respecting the rites and festivals of the
Mexicans was brother and Prebendary, Juan de Tobar. For information on the Mexica, Acosta followed Juan de Tovar's
317:
province, then journeyed by land to Mexico City, where he resided in 1586. He had opportunities of which he diligently availed himself for collecting information touching the civilization and religion of the
239:. Viceroy Toledo was practically the founder of the University of St. Mark at Lima, where Acosta was to occupy the chair of theology. Here he was again able to display his abilities as a famed orator.
382:
Aside from his publication of the proceedings of the provincial councils of 1567 and 1583, and several works of exclusively theological import, Acosta is best known as the writer of
139:, then journeyed through 18 leagues – about 62 mi (100 km)) – of tropical forest. He was impressed by the scenery, the novel sights at every turn, and was interested, at
246:
as a visitor of the recently founded college of the
Jesuits. He returned to Lima three years later to again fill the chair of theology, and was elected provincial in 1576.
939:
Ando, Clifford; McGinness, Anne; and MacCormack, Sabine G. (2015). “Natural
Philosophy, History, and Theology in the Writings of José de Acosta, S.J. (1540–1600).” In
422:, he treated the natural and philosophic history of the New World from a broader point of view. In it, more than a century before other Europeans learned of the
187:, the Viceroy devoted five years to a tour through every part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, and to settlement of the country, in which he was aided by Acosta, the
123:, Peru, where the Jesuits had been established in the proceeding year. According to one scholar, Acosta was "a heavy man of uncertain, melancholic temper."
288:, Father Acosta played a very important part and was its historian. He delivered an eloquent and learned oration at its last sitting on October 18, 1583.
168:, and to link it to "air... so thin and so delicate that it is not proportioned to human breathing", and a variety of altitude sickness is referred to as
111:, who told the story of the conquest of Mexico, but they were many years younger than him. In 1553, at the age of thirteen, Acosta became a novice in the
763:
107:
background. His parents had five sons, Gerónimo, Christóval, José, Diego, and
Bernardo. The Acosta brothers were fellow townsmen of the old soldier
446:
customs and history, as well as other information such as winds and tides, lakes, rivers, plants, animals, and mineral resources in the New World.
776:
Adovasio, J. M. and David Pedler. "The
Peopling of North America." North American Archaeology. Blackwell Publishing, 2005. p. 32.
419:
1026:
1011:
465:
1021:
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900:
885:
867:
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that has established the reputation of Acosta, as this was one of the first detailed and realistic descriptions of the
1016:
115:
in Medina del Campo. Four Acosta brothers joined this order. Before leaving Spain, José was lecturer in theology at
359:, as well as other important positions. At the time of his death in his 60th year, he was rector of the college at
703:
20:
415:
108:
1036:
704:"THE LEARNED MAN OF GOOD JUDGMENT: NATURE, NARRATIVE AND WONDER IN JOSE DE ACOSTA'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHY"
460:
254:
136:
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in 1590, and was soon after its publication translated into various languages. It is chiefly the
331:—in turn derived in part from an anonymous Nahuatl history of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, known as the
818:
199:
195:
944:
768:
592:
285:
202:, and was with him during his unsuccessful expedition against the fierce Chirihuana Indians.
728:
556:
1006:
1001:
908:“Contribución del Padre José de Acosta a la constitución de la etnología: su evolucionismo”
486:
The First
America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492-1867.
8:
455:
310:
188:
132:
258:
516:
215:
982:
968:
958:
896:
881:
878:
The Fall of
Natural Man: The American Indian and the Origins of Comparative Ethnology
863:
848:
822:
787:
734:
598:
564:
191:
165:
100:
68:
348:
974:
352:
325:
Relación del origen de los indios que habitan esta Nueva España según sus historias
298:
160:
sufferings, which were to be repeated on the three other occasions of crossing the
112:
84:
49:
42:
31:
488:
Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press 1991, p. 184 give 1540 as his date of birth.
91:, where his parents lived in this city of the plain, about twenty-four miles from
224:
156:
56:
343:
Acosta had been called to Spain by the King in 1585, prior to being detained in
236:
116:
873:
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173:
67:
in 1570 related to the atmosphere being too thin for human needs; a variety of
232:
184:
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60:
131:
At age 32, Acosta left Spain with several other Jesuits in 1570, landing at
99:, on the left bank of the swampy river Zapardiel, and overlooked by the old
391:
De promulgatione Evangelii apud Barbaros, sive De Procuranda Indorum salute
302:
257:, partly to chase the English pirate, and partly to explore and survey the
220:
183:
had come out as Viceroy in 1568. Following Toledo's beheading of the Inca
164:. Acosta was one of the earliest people to give a detailed description of
205:
The principal seat of the Jesuits was at that time in the little town of
96:
45:, Spain – February 15, 1600 in Salamanca, Spain) was a sixteenth-century
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907:
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893:
European Encounters with the New World: From Renaissance to Romanticism
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223:
from a brother who had formerly been in the famous piratical cruise of
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92:
52:
926:
BEROSE - International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology
921:“Vida y obra de José de Acosta, misionero jesuita y cronista indiano”
913:
BEROSE - International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology
833:
BEROSE - International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology
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360:
860:
Religion in the Andes: Vision and Imagination in Early Colonial Peru
801:
Jose de Acosta, S.J. (1540-1600) Pioneer of the Geophysical Sciences
269:
756: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
309:. Acosta landed at the port of Huatulco, at the western end of the
265:
104:
563:(fourth ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 2.
414:. In a form more concise than that employed by his predecessors,
401:
925:
912:
832:
63:. His deductions regarding the ill effects of crossing over the
559:. In Davis, Jeffrey R.; Johnson, Robert; Stepanek, Jan (eds.).
344:
314:
306:
281:
277:
140:
26:
786:. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 48.
329:
Historia de las Indias de Nueva España e islas de Tierra Firme
443:
319:
273:
243:
219:. At Juli, Father Acosta received information respecting the
152:
88:
64:
46:
970:
The naturall and morall historie of the East and West Indies
434:. He also divided them into three barbarian categories. The
439:
431:
400:. The first two appeared at Salamanca in 1588, the last at
253:
was on the coast, and the Viceroy dispatched a fleet under
120:
371:
264:
Acosta founded a number of colleges, among them those of
672:
Huerta, Blas Roman Castellon. "Acosta, Joseph De." In
730:
1491: new revelations of the Americas before Columbus
151:
On his arrival at Lima, he was ordered to cross the
301:variation on the earth, and that one of them was
993:
845:José de Acosta (1540–1600): His Life and Thought
678:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures
176:and the way in which an Indian woman cured him.
726:
862:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
555:Dille, J. Robert; Mohler, Stanley R. (2008).
405:
395:
517:The Natural and Moral Historie of the Indies
514:, Edward Grimston, Clements Robert Markham,
146:
815:The Natural and Moral History of the Indies
554:
389:
383:
327:, a possible summary of Fray Diego Durán's
179:Acosta had arrived in Peru two years after
761:
701:
198:. Acosta also accompanied the Viceroy to
19:For other people with the same name, see
895:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
880:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
780:Kish, George (1970). "Acosta, José de".
466:List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
430:'s indigenous peoples had migrated from
370:
25:
817:. Edited by Jane Mangan; translated by
680:. : Oxford University Press, 2001.
590:
119:, and in April 1569, was to be sent to
16:Spanish missionary and writer (d. 1600)
994:
984:Historia natural y moral de las Indias
963:. Translated by Robert Regnauld. 1617.
960:Histoire naturelle et morale des Indes
397:Historia natural y moral de las Indias
821:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
733:, Random House Digital, p. 143,
847:. Chicago: Loyola University Press.
779:
772:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
13:
933:
783:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
762:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
561:Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine
557:"The Beginnings: Past and Present"
338:
14:
1048:
951:
945:doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00201001
751:
597:. Psychology Press. p. 10.
520:, Hakluyt Society, 1880 pp. i–ii
172:. He also mentions an attack of
1027:16th-century Spanish historians
1012:16th-century Spanish scientists
840:, Paris, 2019. (ISSN 2648-2770)
807:
720:
695:
683:
666:
654:
642:
919:Pino Díaz, Fermín del (2019).
906:Pino Díaz, Fermín del (2019).
843:Burgaleta, Claudio M. (1999).
630:
618:
584:
548:
536:
523:
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491:
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30:José de Acosta, member of the
1:
1022:16th-century Mesoamericanists
838:"Acosta, José de (1540-1600)"
471:
347:, in order to debate against
216:Natural History of the Indies
209:, near the western shores of
1032:16th-century Spanish Jesuits
594:The dictionary of psychology
591:Corsini, Raymond J. (2002).
7:
858:MacCormack, Sabine (1991).
449:
426:, Acosta hypothesized that
83:José de Acosta was born at
10:
1053:
702:Caraccioli, M. J. (2017).
297:often-visited ports of no
18:
941:Journal of Jesuit Studies
461:List of Jesuit scientists
416:Francisco Lopez de Gómara
291:
255:Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
155:, apparently to join the
147:Peru and Acosta's disease
126:
1017:Spanish Mesoamericanists
891:Pagden, Anthony (1993).
813:Acosta, José de (2002).
727:Charles C. Mann (2006),
407:Historia natural y moral
377:Historia natural y moral
366:
351:'s plans to initiate an
181:Don Francisco de Toledo
78:
34:, missionary and author
819:Frances Lopez-Morillas
708:www.ingentaconnect.com
663:, de Acosta, p.viii-ix
406:
396:
390:
384:
379:
196:Juan Ortiz de Matienzo
71:is now referred to as
41:, SJ (1539 or 1540 in
35:
803:@Fairfield University
769:Catholic Encyclopedia
374:
286:Third Council of Lima
242:In 1571 José went to
29:
385:De Natura Novi Orbis
639:, de Acosta, p.iv-v
456:Viceroyalty of Peru
394:and above all, the
311:Gulf of Tehuantepec
133:Cartagena de Indias
380:
259:Strait of Magellan
36:
1037:Jesuit scientists
901:978-0-300-05285-5
886:978-0-521-33704-5
868:978-0-691-09468-7
853:978-0-8294-1063-1
827:978-0-8223-2845-2
793:978-0-684-10114-9
740:978-1-4000-3205-1
692:, de Acosta, p.ix
651:, de Acosta, p.vi
627:, de Acosta, p.iv
604:978-1-58391-328-4
570:978-0-7817-7466-6
545:, de Acosta, p.ii
531:The First America
499:The First America
353:invasion of China
251:Sir Francis Drake
192:Polo de Ondegardo
166:altitude sickness
135:, and finally at
101:castle of La Mota
69:altitude sickness
1044:
988:
978:
975:Edward Grimeston
973:. Translated by
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170:Acosta's disease
113:Society of Jesus
85:Medina del Campo
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233:Rímac River
185:Túpac Amaru
109:Bernal Diaz
97:Old Castile
21:José Acosta
996:Categories
713:2019-01-16
472:References
357:Valladolid
274:Chuquisaca
189:licentiate
162:cordillera
93:Valladolid
57:naturalist
53:missionary
533:, p. 184.
529:Brading,
512:de Acosta
497:Brading,
412:New World
361:Salamanca
333:Crónica X
313:, in the
929:, Paris.
916:, Paris.
876:(1982).
690:op. cit.
661:op. cit.
649:op. cit.
637:op. cit.
625:op. cit.
610:14 March
576:14 March
450:See also
436:Historia
266:Arequipa
249:In 1579
105:converso
987:. 1608.
977:. 1604.
760::
676:(ed.).
510:Joseph
402:Seville
305:in the
200:Charcas
47:Spanish
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420:Oviedo
345:Mexico
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315:Oaxaca
307:Azores
292:Mexico
282:La Paz
278:Panama
270:Potosí
237:valley
141:Capira
127:Panama
50:Jesuit
923:, in
910:, in
543:ibid.
444:Aztec
367:Works
244:Cuzco
153:Andes
117:Ocana
95:, in
89:Spain
65:Andes
897:ISBN
882:ISBN
864:ISBN
849:ISBN
823:ISBN
788:ISBN
735:ISBN
612:2012
599:ISBN
578:2012
565:ISBN
442:and
440:Inca
432:Asia
418:and
280:and
207:Juli
121:Lima
79:Life
55:and
766:".
235:'s
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