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261:. As a result, Superintendent Kennedy and his staff produced only an abbreviated set of reports, which included no graphic or cartographic representations. As the war began, however, Kennedy and the Census staff used the new statistics to produce maps of Southern states for Union field commanders. These maps displayed militarily vital topics, including white population, slave population, predominant agricultural products (by county), and rail and post-road transportation routes.
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The Eighth Census of the United States (1860) estimated the population of the United States at 31,400,000. This was the first census in which
American Indians were officially counted, but only those who had 'renounced tribal rules'. That figure for the nation was 40,000. Results of this census were
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and with contentious
Congressional oversight, Kennedy was responsible for redesigning the census methodology and forms, negotiating with Congressional leaders and committees, and gathering of census data throughout the United States. He was also responsible for supervising the ultimate compilation
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The
Seventh Census of the United States (1850) was taken June 1, 1850. This was the first year in which the census bureau attempted to count and name every member of every household, including women and children. Slaves were counted by gender and age on associated Slave Schedules, listed by their
199:. He received an M.A. in 1856, followed by an LL.D. in 1864. Upon the appointment to supervise the Census, Kennedy and his family moved to Washington, DC in 1849. His family included his wife, Catherine Morrison Kennedy, and children Joseph Morrison, John Reynolds, Sarah Jane and
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The
National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States as illustrated in the lives of the founders, builders, and defenders of the republic, and of the men and women who are doing the work and moulding the thought of the present
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schedules were produced in 1850. Prior to 1850, census records had recorded only the name of the head of the household and broad statistical accounting of other household members, (three children under age five, one woman between the age of 35 and 40, etc.)..
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for 1850 and 1860. A prosperous farmer and journalist from a prominent
Pennsylvania family, Kennedy was appointed to supervise the census operations because of his political activism in the 1848 Pennsylvania election.
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The US Congress passed a census bill on March 3, 1849, which established a Census Board with an initial appropriation of $ 10,000 (~$ 289,739 in 2023). In May 1849, President
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Agriculture of the United States in 1860; Compiled from the
Original Returns of the Eighth Census, Under the Direction of the Secretary of the Interior.
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Population of the United States in 1860; compiled from the original returns of the eighth census, under the direction of the
Secretary of the Interior
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However, by the time the 1860 census returns were ready for tabulation, the United States was moving toward the
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by John Dailey. The latter was said to believe that
Kennedy had cheated him in a business affair.
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McDonald, Lois H. "Annie
Kennedy Bidwell: An Intimate History." Stansbury Publishing. 2004.
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of census data, tabulation of statistics, and publication of census summaries.
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A small group of
Kennedy's papers are held in the Walter Willcox Collection,
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appointed Kennedy to serve as the first Secretary of the new Census Board.
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politician, lawyer and journalist who was appointed to supervise the
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411:"Leading American Statisticians in the Nineteenth Century II"
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279:. Washington D.C., Government printing office, 1864.
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On July 13, 1887, Kennedy was stabbed and killed in
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Washington D. C., Government Printing Office, 1864.
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492:Superintending Clerk of the United States Census
465:Superintending Clerk of the United States Census
76:Superintending Clerk of the United States Census
48:Superintending Clerk of the United States Census
344:Lois Halliday McDonald (October 31, 2004).
395:(Second ed.). Yale University Press.
347:Annie Kennedy Bidwell: an intimate history
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442:regarding Laws governing the 1880 census
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203:. They lived there until at least 1868.
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417:53 (September 1958) pp. 692–694.
393:The American Census: A Social History
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170:(April 1, 1813 – July 13, 1887) of
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525:United States Census Bureau people
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535:19th-century American politicians
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157:Politician, lawyer, journalist
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485:James Dunwoody Brownson DeBow
475:James Dunwoody Brownson DeBow
438:Kennedy's 1879 letter to the
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168:Joseph Calm Griffith Kennedy
116:Joseph Calm Griffith Kennedy
37:Joseph Calm Griffith Kennedy
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391:Anderson, Margo J. (2015).
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232:Under the direction of the
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197:Meadville, Pennsylvania
191:Kennedy graduated from
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409:Fitzpatrick, Paul J.
377:Anderson (2015), p. 42
201:Annie Ellicott Kennedy
180:United States Censuses
296:Annie Kennedy Bidwell
174:, was a 19th-century
16:American statistician
502:Francis Amasa Walker
281:complete text online
252:Bureau of the Census
25:Joseph C. G. Kennedy
215:Library of Congress
530:Pennsylvania Whigs
259:American Civil War
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499:Succeeded by
472:Succeeded by
402:978-0-300-19542-2
357:978-0-9708922-7-0
350:. Stansbury Pub.
193:Allegheny College
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133:(1887-07-13)
122:Pennsylvania
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545:1887 deaths
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514:Categories
496:1860–1865
469:1850–1853
302:References
154:Occupation
187:Biography
93:President
88:1860–1860
84:In office
65:President
60:1850–1850
56:In office
440:NY Times
290:See also
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221:Census
243:slave
422:ISBN
415:JASA
397:ISBN
365:2011
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331:2011
322:time
176:Whig
148:Whig
128:Died
112:Born
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