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On
September 11, 1839, Nicollet returned to Washington, D.C. where he worked on consolidating the information collected into the Report to the Senate. He fully intended to return to Minnesota to continue his work, but failing health led to his death in Washington in 1843. He is buried at the
328:(who had helped found St. Louis and long had a fur trading monopoly with the Osage tribe based on contracts with former Spanish authorities and later status as U.S. Indian agent). From St. Louis, he took a boat up the river to
296:. Nicollet hoped to boost his reputation among European academics through his work in the US. He intended to make a "scientific tour" of the country and had a goal of using his expertise to accurately map the
609:
585:, and the ancient glacial valley that Nicollet mapped. The Interpretive Center houses 2,400 square feet of classroom space and exhibits, including Nicollet's map and a mural of Nicollet's meeting with
272:. While working at the observatory, Nicollet discovered a comet and built a reputation as an expert in astronomy and physical geography. During the 1820s, he worked as a mathematics professor at the
511:, was published. The maps in the book were highly accurate and covered a region more than half the size of Europe. Morever, Nicollet's maps were among the first in the world to depict elevation by
569:
near the path
Nicollet had taken from Devil's Lake back to Fort Snelling on his final expedition. A banker and Sisseton resident became fascinated with Nicollet's story and work after reading
206:. Political and academic changes in France led Nicollet to travel to the United States to do work that would bolster his reputation among academics in Europe. He was elected a member of the
308:, but due to a cholera outbreak, travel by steamboat was practically halted. Instead he spent the next three years traveling throughout the south, primarily between New Orleans and
364:
The first expedition took place in 1836–37 and was privately funded by
American Fur and the Choteaus. Nicollet departed Fort Snelling by canoe on July 29, 1836, accompanied by
577:
from Idaho with concrete pillars and steel bolts. From the top, six counties in three states (South Dakota, North Dakota, and
Minnesota) can be seen, including a view of the
448:
In his third and final expedition, guided by
Louison Freniere, Nicollet retained the assistance from Frémont and was joined for part of his journey by the Jesuit Missionary
488:, his gravestone noting "He will triumph who understands how to conciliate and combine with the greatest skill the benefits of the past with the demands of the future."
573:, a translation of Nicollet's journals, and raised $ 335,000 from seven local donors to build the monument. The 80-foot tall tower with 96 steps was primarily built of
460:
took extensive notes cataloging the area's native plants. This journey was also government funded and took
Nicollet northwest from Iowa along the Missouri River toward
515:
and are among the only sources for original Native
American place names in the region. Many of Nicollet's sketches and journals from his expeditions are housed at the
420:, who was appointed by the War Department to assist on the expedition in lieu of a military escort, Joseph Renville Jr., and Joseph LaFromboise, an agent for the
300:. He arrived in Washington, D.C., where he met with scientists and government officials, discussing scientific surveys of the country. He traveled to
1095:
1140:
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1100:
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217:, and they provided the basis for all subsequent maps of the American interior. They were also among the first to depict elevation by
1135:
952:
1017:
Joseph N. Nicollet on the plains and prairies: the expeditions of 1838–39, with journals, letters, and notes on the Dakota
Indians
336:. Over the next 4 years Nicollet led three expeditions exploring the Upper Mississippi, mostly in the area that is now Minnesota,
1130:
803:
17:
860:
Whittaker, William (2008). "Pierre-Jean De Smet's
Remarkable Map of the Missouri River Valley, 1839: What Did He See in Iowa?".
698:
381:
412:
Rivers in order to correct the western maps affected by Pike's mistake. The expedition party set out on June 18, 1838 from
284:
Nicollet encountered financial and professional difficulties resulting from political turbulence in France following the
372:
chief, his nine-year-old son, and a half-French guide named Brunia. Nicollet explored the
Mississippi to its source of
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994:
892:
471:
carrying his supplies sank in April 1839. On July 11, 1839, the second leg of his trip set out from Fort Pierre for
882:
985:
The journals of Joseph N. Nicollet: a scientist on the Mississippi headwaters: with notes on indian life, 1836–37
405:
781:
320:
Upon his arrival 1835 in St. Louis, Nicollet gained support for his plan to map the Mississippi River from the
207:
472:
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Upon his return to Washington, D.C. to report his findings, Nicollet was appointed to head the newly formed
739:
264:. He began teaching mathematics at age 19. In 1817, he was appointed as a professor and astronomer at the
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as a laboratory science. Penniless, he emigrated to the United States in 1832, sailing from the port of
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428:, where the party members carved their initials on a rock. From there, the party proceeded along the
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basin during the 1830s. Nicollet led three expeditions in the region between the Mississippi and
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Report Intended to Illustrate a Map of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi River
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Report Intended to Illustrate of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi River
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785:
475:. From there, Nicollet travelled back across the Coteau des Prairies to Fort Snelling.
465:
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Nicollet's own name is applied to several places in the region he explored, including
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as the furthest fur-trading post on the Upper Missouri River, in what became known as
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who was half French, half Native American. On July 4, 1838 the expedition arrived at
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Nicollet's maps were among the most accurate of the time, correcting errors made by
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Before emigrating to the United States, Nicollet was a professor of mathematics at
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In 1991, the Joseph N. Nicollet Tower and Interpretive Center was constructed in
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887:(reprint ed.). St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society. p. 141.
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Joseph N. Nicollet on the plains and prairies: the expeditions of 1838–39
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301:
253:
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and the only maps to use regional Native American placenames. Nicollet's
218:
168:
772:
Bray, Martha (February 16, 1970). "Joseph Nicolas Nicollet, Geologist".
452:. De Smet used skills learned from Nicollet to make his own maps of the
261:
225:
was published in 1843, following his death. Nicollet Tower, located in
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160:
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50:
1013:
Nicollet, Joseph Nicolas; Bray, Edmund; Bray, Martha Coleman (1993).
377:
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is a monument to Nicollet and his work and was constructed in 1991.
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909:
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/122128329#view-photo=104739713
640:
Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance
392:
too far to the west, rendering all maps of this area inaccurate.
289:
586:
408:-funded expedition to map the area between the Mississippi and
369:
352:
249:
78:
955:. Heritage Museums of the Coteau des Prairies. Archived from
701:. Heritage Museums of the Coteau des Prairies. Archived from
928:"History – Joseph N. Nicollet Tower and Interpretive Center"
808:
Nicollet's 1838 Expedition from Ft. Snelling to Pipestone
509:
Map of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi
223:
Map of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi
384:. The results of this expedition corrected an error in
260:
that earned him a scholarship to the Jesuit college in
456:
basin. On this and on his second expedition, botanist
840:
Re-imaging Joseph N. Nicollet's Mapmaking Expeditions
527:. In 1847, one of his expeditions' private sponsors,
155:(July 24, 1786 – September 11, 1843), also known as
507:Later in 1843, a book containing much of his work,
1014:
982:
356:Nicollet's map of the Hydrographical Basin of the
252:in Savoy. He was very bright, showing aptitude in
804:"Joseph N. Nicollet's Journal: June 18 – June 20"
774:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
312:. Nicollet finally arrived in St. Louis in 1835.
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1063:—includes a discussion of Nicollet and his book
1012:
34:French geographer, astronomer, and mathematician
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930:. Heritage Museums of the Coteau des Prairies
571:Joseph N. Nicollet on the Plains and Prairies
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268:and worked with scientist and mathematician
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388:'s 1805 map, which placed the mouth of the
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1067:, and a downloadable pdf file of the book.
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49:
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699:"Joseph N. Nicollet Biographical Summary"
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643:. Minnesota Historical Society. p.
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198:, and a professor and astronomer at the
1096:Scientists from the Kingdom of Sardinia
304:, from where he intended to proceed to
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1061:John Cushman Abbott Exhibit Supplement
1021:. Minnesota Historical Society Press.
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27:For Jean Nicollet de Bellesborne, see
1141:Burials at the Congressional Cemetery
1126:History of United States expansionism
1111:French emigrants to the United States
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746:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2012
146:Cartography of the Mississippi River
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464:. His efforts were hampered as the
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279:
24:
1116:Pre-statehood history of Minnesota
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55:Portrait and autograph of Nicollet
25:
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1101:French explorers of North America
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1008:. American Philosophical Society.
981:Nicollet, Joseph Nicolas (1970).
989:. Minnesota Historical Society.
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402:Corps of Topographical Engineers
1136:Recipients of the Lalande Prize
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1131:Explorers of the United States
1051:. Retrieved May 29, 2009 from
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782:American Philosophical Society
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208:American Philosophical Society
167:, and mathematician known for
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1:
1004:Bray, Martha Coleman (1980).
596:
562:, all located in Minnesota.
416:. The party was composed of
288:and the rising dominance of
7:
1006:Joseph Nicollet and his map
500:Nicollet Tower, located in
376:and the nearby Mississippi
10:
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863:Iowa Archeological Society
473:Devil's Lake, North Dakota
26:
953:"History of Construction"
881:Nicollet, Joseph (1976).
740:"Joseph Nicolas Nicollet"
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462:Fort Pierre, South Dakota
348:First expedition, 1836–37
242:Lettre sur les assurances
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1043:Nicollet Project Website
907:tombstone photograph at
836:"J. N. Nicollet Journal"
537:Chouteau County, Montana
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298:Mississippi River Valley
233:Early life and education
744:Encyclopædia Britannica
521:Smithsonian Institution
396:Second expedition, 1838
358:Upper Mississippi River
316:Mapping the Mississippi
173:Upper Mississippi River
153:Joseph Nicolas Nicollet
138:Explorer, mathematician
65:Joseph Nicolas Nicollet
18:Joseph Nicolas Nicollet
637:Upham, Warren (1920).
567:Sisseton, South Dakota
504:
502:Sisseton, South Dakota
486:Congressional Cemetery
361:
286:July Revolution (1830)
274:Collège Louis-le-Grand
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227:Sisseton, South Dakota
196:Collège Louis-le-Grand
113:Congressional Cemetery
499:
355:
248:Nicollet was born at
240:
157:Jean-Nicolas Nicollet
130:Jean-Nicolas Nicollet
1045:at St. Olaf College.
614:search.amphilsoc.org
610:"APS Member History"
422:American Fur Company
322:American Fur Company
270:Pierre-Simon Laplace
204:Pierre-Simon Laplace
959:on October 10, 2008
583:Coteau des Prairies
529:Pierre Chouteau Jr.
517:Library of Congress
450:Pierre-Jean De Smet
306:St. Louis, Missouri
1121:American explorers
1106:French geographers
1091:People from Cluses
1054:Google Book Search
505:
414:Traverse des Sioux
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93:September 11, 1843
579:Laurentian Divide
525:National Archives
438:Spirit Lake, Iowa
434:Blue Earth Rivers
266:Paris Observatory
200:Paris Observatory
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558:and the city of
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324:and the wealthy
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127:Other names
101:Washington, D.C.
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382:St. Croix River
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189:North Dakota
185:South Dakota
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95:(1843-09-11)
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29:Jean Nicolet
1086:1843 deaths
1081:1786 births
575:Douglas-fir
552:Minneapolis
533:Fort Benton
404:and lead a
374:Lake Itasca
302:New Orleans
254:mathematics
119:Nationality
1075:Categories
597:References
523:, and the
466:Steamboat
165:astronomer
161:geographer
71:1786-07-24
784:: 37–59.
619:April 12,
513:hachuring
430:Minnesota
378:tributary
334:Minnesota
310:Baltimore
258:astronomy
219:hachuring
210:in 1842.
181:Minnesota
81:, Savoy,
560:Nicollet
410:Missouri
366:Chagobay
262:Chambéry
870:: 1–13.
436:toward
360:, 1843.
290:physics
244:, 1818.
169:mapping
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993:
891:
790:985723
788:
587:Wanata
581:, the
519:, the
492:Legacy
468:Pirate
380:, the
370:Ojibwe
250:Cluses
187:, and
122:French
83:France
79:Cluses
786:JSTOR
780:(1).
479:Death
368:, an
294:Brest
202:with
1023:ISBN
991:ISBN
965:2012
936:2018
889:ISBN
847:2012
815:2012
752:2012
711:2012
621:2021
432:and
340:and
256:and
171:the
90:Died
61:Born
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550:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
