38:
3099:
4424:
3501:
4448:
3140:
4460:
4436:
2242:
sufficiently apparent to justify the introduction of one based on the electro-magnetic system, viz. the heat generated in one second by the current of an Ampère flowing through the resistance of an Ohm. In absolute measure its value is 10 C.G.S. units, and, assuming Joule's equivalent as 42,000,000, it is the heat necessary to raise 0.238 grammes of water 1° Centigrade, or, approximately, the
611:
420:
3023:
physical considerations; in a given situation some forms may be more helpful than others. In practice, with certain quantities, preference is given to the use of certain special unit names, or combinations of unit names, to facilitate the distinction between different quantities having the same dimension.
2241:
The unit of heat has hitherto been taken variously as the heat required to raise a pound of water at the freezing-point through 1° Fahrenheit or
Centigrade, or, again, the heat necessary to raise a kilogramme of water 1° Centigrade. The inconvenience of a unit so entirely arbitrary is
3022:
A derived unit can often be expressed in different ways by combining base units with derived units having special names. Joule, for example, may formally be written newton metre, or kilogram metre squared per second squared. This, however, is an algebraic freedom to be governed by common sense
844:). Joule died in the same year, on 11 October 1889. At the fourth congress (1893), the "international ampere" and "international ohm" were defined, with slight changes in the specifications for their measurement, with the "international joule" being the unit derived from them.
1939:, but has not given the unit of torque any special name, hence it is simply the newton-metre (N⋅m) – a compound name derived from its constituent parts. The use of newton-metres for torque but joules for energy is helpful to avoid misunderstandings and miscommunication.
2698:
2597:
606:{\displaystyle {\begin{alignedat}{3}\mathrm {J} \;&=~\mathrm {kg{\cdot }m^{2}{\cdot }s^{-2}} \\&=~\mathrm {N{\cdot }m} \\&=~\mathrm {Pa{\cdot }m^{3}} \\&=~\mathrm {W{\cdot }s} \\&=~\mathrm {C{\cdot }V} \\\end{alignedat}}}
2262:
th of the kilogramme of water raised 1° Centigrade. Such a heat unit, if found acceptable, might with great propriety, I think, be called the Joule, after the man who has done so much to develop the dynamical theory of
2049:. While the watt-second is equivalent to the joule in both units and meaning, there are some contexts in which the term "watt-second" is used instead of "joule", such as in the rating of photographic
2845:
3130:
2609:
425:
1989:
2514:
828:"Such a heat unit, if found acceptable, might with great propriety, I think, be called the Joule, after the man who has done so much to develop the dynamical theory of heat."
3128:
898:
The definition of the joule as J = kg⋅m⋅s has remained unchanged since 1946, but the joule as a derived unit has inherited changes in the definitions of the
875:. The joule was explicitly intended as the unit of energy to be used in both electromagnetic and mechanical contexts. The ratification of the definition at the ninth
2462:
2728:
3129:
2764:
797:
860:
2488:
2155:
3058:
2092:
3035:
3005:
3001:
2069:
2440:
3476:
2114:
1928:
876:
848:
2920:, FAO/WHO Ad Hoc Committee of Experts on Energy and Protein, 1971. A report on the changeover from calories to joules in nutrition.
3537:
4157:
2959:
2325:
9th CGPM, Resolution 3: Triple point of water; thermodynamic scale with a single fixed point; unit of quantity of heat (joule).
4201:
3876:
2354:
384:
1643:
2466:
4343:
408:
2002:
3192:
1961:
1463:
every second in full daylight. A human in a sprint has approximately 3 kJ of kinetic energy, while a cheetah in a
3052:
2739:
2424:
2086:
785:
344:
314:
3081:
4284:
3382:
2801:
832:
At the second
International Electrical Congress, on 31 August 1889, the joule was officially adopted alongside the
4294:
3486:
2970:
2735:
2191:
1495:
of liquid water at constant pressure from 0 °C (32 °F) to 100 °C (212 °F) is approximately
53:
1402:. The minimal energy needed to change a bit of data in computation at around room temperature – approximately
4486:
3201:
2775:
1732:
892:
757:
360:
4464:
3824:
2693:{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}\cdot 35~{\text{kg}}\cdot \left(35~{\text{m/s}}\right)^{2}=21,400~{\text{J}}}
1072:
4383:
3642:
3530:
2710:"Energy Units – Energy Explained, Your Guide To Understanding Energy – Energy Information Administration"
2592:{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}\cdot 70~{\text{kg}}\cdot \left(10~{\text{m/s}}\right)^{2}=3500~{\text{J}}}
2118:
1655:
1567:
2709:
2173:
863:
in 1946. The joule was now no longer defined based on electromagnetic unit, but instead as the unit of
1958:
of a force vector and a distance vector. Torque and energy are related to one another by the equation
4491:
4289:
4147:
3809:
3754:
3734:
3729:
3164:
2341:
2013:). Since plane angles are dimensionless, it follows that torque and energy have the same dimensions.
1451:
Nutritional food labels in most countries express energy in kilojoules (kJ). One square metre of the
824:(1818–1889), at the time retired but still living (aged 63), followed the recommendation of Siemens:
4496:
4218:
3562:
3440:
2492:
1689:
975:
3039:
2827:
2073:
4440:
4378:
4363:
3759:
3739:
3481:
2275:
2182:
911:
772:
becomes capitalised at the beginning of a sentence and in titles but is otherwise in lower case.
3009:
3891:
3787:
3714:
3704:
3585:
3523:
3185:
1651:
20:
2799:
2448:
1484:
The megajoule is approximately the kinetic energy of a one megagram (tonne) vehicle moving at
3831:
3622:
2892:
2771:
1438:
2917:
2236:
Report of the Fifty-Second
Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
1714:
by 1 °C, assuming properties similar to those of pure water. The thermal output of the
4279:
4252:
4230:
4137:
4070:
3819:
3749:
3694:
3160:
2489:"Construction of a Composite Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) Time Series from 1978 to present"
2230:
1924:
934:
821:
793:
753:
392:
243:
86:
2800:
Bonnie
Berkowitz; Laris Karklis; Reuben Fischer-Baum; Chiqui Esteban (11 September 2017).
2387:
879:, in 1948, added the specification that the joule was also to be preferred as the unit of
8:
4358:
4301:
4223:
4196:
3881:
3744:
3719:
3466:
2050:
1685:
1487:
1466:
737:
of one volt, or one coulomb-volt (C⋅V). This relationship can be used to define the volt.
3002:"Units with special names and symbols; units that incorporate special names and symbols"
2867:
2290:
1696:. The energy to raise the temperature of Earth's atmosphere 1 °C is approximately
4338:
4316:
4306:
4142:
2206:
1027:
The energy required to lift an apple up 1 m, assuming the apple has a mass of 101.97 g.
2041:
equivalent to the joule. The watt-second is the energy equivalent to the power of one
1055:
The food energy (kcal) in slightly more than half of an ordinary-sized sugar crystal (
851:(as the successor organisation of the International Electrical Congress) adopted the "
4447:
4240:
4065:
3926:
3886:
3856:
3841:
3814:
3724:
3627:
3567:
3557:
3504:
3390:
3178:
3048:
2837:
2420:
2413:
2350:
2187:
2082:
1899:
856:
2974:
2252:
th part of the arbitrary unit of a pound of water raised 1° Fahrenheit and the
4399:
4373:
4368:
4348:
4333:
4174:
4164:
3944:
3871:
3607:
2957:
1951:
1943:
1580:
1020:
1006:
764:
letter (J), but when written in full, it follows the rules for capitalisation of a
376:
324:
293:
2156:"NIST Guide to the SI, Chapter 4: The Two Classes of SI Units and the SI Prefixes"
1460:
4428:
4409:
4323:
4090:
4005:
3861:
3851:
3836:
3794:
3699:
3649:
3600:
3257:
2930:
2832:
2826:
Rathbone, John-Paul; Fontanella-Khan, James; Rovnick, Naomi (11 September 2017).
1523:
852:
741:
726:
375:
in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an
859:
also implied a redefinition of the joule. The Giorgi system was approved by the
4404:
4353:
4328:
4132:
4097:
4030:
4020:
3936:
3916:
3911:
3896:
3866:
3846:
3804:
3782:
3764:
3664:
3654:
3590:
3410:
3342:
3145:
2934:
2234:
2177:
1710:
The yottajoule is a little less than the amount of energy required to heat the
1680:
The zettajoule is somewhat more than the amount of energy required to heat the
1593:
1585:
1424:
1407:
1038:
990:
864:
364:
2958:
Marc Herant; Stirling A. Colgate; Willy Benz; Chris Fryer (October 25, 1997).
4480:
4452:
4311:
4271:
4235:
4191:
4117:
4080:
3998:
3921:
3689:
3684:
3637:
3617:
3471:
3395:
3332:
3322:
2841:
2729:"Report LA-8819: The yields of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear explosions"
1955:
1667:
1629:
1601:
1551:
1535:
1503:
1471:
868:
748:, which is 3.6 megajoules). This relationship can be used to define the watt.
745:
679:
669:
404:
368:
195:
3103:
3034:
2068:
37:
4208:
4152:
4102:
4085:
3906:
3679:
3612:
3415:
3372:
3357:
3312:
3292:
3209:
2034:
1916:
1855:
1711:
1531:
1399:
841:
265:
118:
4213:
4179:
4053:
4043:
3986:
3969:
3954:
3901:
3799:
3287:
3242:
2305:
1947:
929:
884:
765:
3148:
was created from a revision of this article dated 6 March 2024
3098:
2349:(9th ed.), International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Dec 2022,
1034:
required to raise the temperature of 0.239 g of water from 0 °C to 1 °C.
4247:
4169:
4107:
4075:
4015:
3709:
2369:
1839:
1681:
1625:
1563:
1441:(LHC) produces collisions of the microjoule order (7 TeV) per particle.
926:
The typical energy released as heat by a person at rest every 1/60 s (~
781:
761:
2323:
2133:, Second College Edition (1985). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., p. 691.
19:
This article is about the unit of energy or work. For other uses, see
4257:
4184:
4058:
4038:
4010:
3949:
3352:
3267:
1861:
1573:
1558:
1527:
1518:
1498:
1058:
938:
2887:
2885:
3993:
3974:
3959:
3659:
3232:
1620:
1013:
996:
968:
907:
639:
144:
126:
42:
Intuitive representation of the joule as the work of a motive force
2836:. New York (Rathbone), Miami (Fontanella-Khan), London (Rovnick).
1915:
A result of this similarity is that the SI unit for torque is the
1632:, of electricity or any other form of energy, is 3.6 PJ.
1604:, of electricity or any other form of energy, is 3.6 TJ.
1538:, of electricity or any other form of energy, is 3.6 GJ.
1506:, of electricity or any other form of energy, is 3.6 MJ.
1474:, of electricity or any other form of energy, is 3.6 kJ.
4127:
3669:
3420:
3405:
3347:
3277:
3272:
3222:
2899:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 19 August 2020
2882:
1954:
and a displacement vector. By contrast, torque is a vector – the
1920:
1829:
1774:
942:
888:
734:
730:
699:
218:
3674:
3595:
3546:
3435:
3337:
3247:
3227:
3217:
2046:
2038:
2010:
1932:
1869:
958:
899:
809:
659:
380:
356:
185:
134:
68:
2825:
1942:
The distinction may be seen also in the fact that energy is a
3450:
3445:
3430:
3307:
3297:
3282:
3237:
2295:. New York: American Institute of Electrical Engineers. 1894.
1865:
1737:
1 joule is equal to (approximately unless otherwise stated):
1452:
982:
903:
872:
855:
system", which by virtue of assuming a defined value for the
649:
372:
333:
302:
130:
1670:
of electricity, or any other form of energy, is 3.6 EJ.
4048:
3981:
3964:
3632:
3425:
3367:
3362:
3170:
2042:
1894:
1868:(in some direction) has a close analogue in the concept of
1031:
1000:
951:
880:
833:
805:
709:
689:
181:
1045:
human moving very slowly (0.2 m/s or 0.72 km/h).
867:
performed by one unit of force (at the time not yet named
330:
299:
3515:
3400:
3327:
3317:
2117:, Online Edition (2009). Houghton Mifflin Co., hosted by
1715:
813:
789:
388:
159:
2870:(Report). International Energy Agency. 2022. p. 239
2828:"A weakened Irma unleashes more damage on Florida coast"
391:
for one second. It is named after the
English physicist
2307:
CIPM, 1946, Resolution 2, Definitions of electric units
2186:(revised ed.), New York: Wiley, pp. 516–517,
1470:(76 mph) sprint has approximately 20 kJ. One
58:
2614:
2519:
1624:
of TNT, which is the amount of energy released by the
721:
One joule is also equivalent to any of the following:
2612:
2517:
1964:
423:
345:
315:
2419:(2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
2292:
2115:
American
Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1927:
as the joule, but they are not interchangeable. The
336:
305:
2277:
A chronological history of the modern metric system
760:unit named for a person, its symbol starts with an
327:
296:
2692:
2591:
2412:
2145:, Fifth Edition (1997). McGraw-Hill, Inc., p. 224.
1983:
798:British Association for the Advancement of Science
744:for one second, or one watt-second (W⋅s) (compare
605:
2765:"International Space Station Final Configuration"
2463:"You Say Calorie, We Say Kilojoule: Who's Right?"
2410:
891:. This is the definition declared in the modern
784:had been declared official in 1881, at the first
4478:
2411:Ristinen, Robert A.; Kraushaar, Jack J. (2006).
1769:Units with exact equivalents in joules include:
1650:of energy according to its rating of 9.0 on the
1052:tennis ball moving at 6 m/s (22 km/h).
887:, thereby officially deprecating the use of the
861:International Committee for Weights and Measures
796:, in his inauguration speech as chairman of the
2172:
808:, to be derived from the electromagnetic units
1555:(which is often used in energy tables). About
3531:
3186:
1684:by 1 °C, assuming properties similar to
1662:, and the world final energy consumption was
3036:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
3006:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
2239:. Southampton. pp. 1–33. pp. 6–7:
2070:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
1596:was estimated to have a peak wind energy of
1491:(100 mph). The energy required to heat
948:The amount of electricity required to run a
3477:Historical definitions of the SI base units
2893:"Volumes of the World's Oceans from ETOPO1"
1628:, the largest man-made explosion ever. One
792:was adopted as its unit of energy in 1882.
371:displaces a mass through a distance of one
3538:
3524:
3193:
3179:
1929:General Conference on Weights and Measures
1849:
877:General Conference on Weights and Measures
433:
36:
2918:The adoption of joules as units of energy
2455:
2207:"What Is a Joule? - Chemistry Definition"
1977:
849:International Electrotechnical Commission
740:The work required to produce one watt of
3156:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
3139:
2996:
2994:
2720:
2388:"Units of Heat – BTU, Calorie and Joule"
2929:
2802:"Analysis – How Big Is Hurricane Irma?"
2229:
1526:of combusting 1 barrel (159 L) of
4479:
4158:Integrated gasification combined cycle
3041:The International System of Units (SI)
2075:The International System of Units (SI)
1784:1 International Table calorie = 4.1868
922:One joule represents (approximately):
820:. The naming of the unit in honour of
4202:Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
3877:Quantum chromodynamics binding energy
3519:
3174:
2991:
2726:
1398:160 zeptojoules is about 1
1086:
1083:
917:
4435:
3047:(8th ed.), pp. 39–40, 53,
965:The energy required to accelerate a
800:(23 August 1882) first proposed the
4459:
4344:World energy supply and consumption
2911:
2757:
2481:
409:SI derived units with special names
13:
3126:
2848:from the original on 4 August 2024
1765:23.7304 ft⋅pdl (foot-poundal)
1644:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
1384:Common multiples are in bold face
595:
587:
569:
561:
537:
528:
525:
507:
499:
472:
457:
448:
445:
429:
361:International System of Units (SI)
14:
4508:
3091:
2343:The International System of Units
2143:McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Physics
1984:{\displaystyle E=\tau \theta \,,}
786:International Electrical Congress
4458:
4446:
4434:
4423:
4422:
3500:
3499:
3138:
3097:
2131:The American Heritage Dictionary
1762:0.737562 ft⋅lb (foot-pound)
323:
292:
169:
3074:
3064:from the original on 2021-06-04
3028:
2951:
2923:
2860:
2819:
2793:
2702:
2601:
2506:
2433:
2404:
2380:
2362:
2334:
2317:
2299:
2283:
2280:, metricationmatters.com, 2009.
2098:from the original on 2021-06-04
1795:W⋅h = 3,600 J; 3.6 kJ
1570:, with a mass of approximately
735:electrical potential difference
363:. It is equal to the amount of
3487:System of units of measurement
2971:Los Alamos National Laboratory
2736:Los Alamos National Laboratory
2727:Malik, John (September 1985).
2268:
2223:
2199:
2166:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2108:
2062:
2016:
1726:
1:
3102:The dictionary definition of
2939:Feynman's Lectures on Physics
2081:(8th ed.), p. 120,
2056:
1733:Conversion of units of energy
1071:For additional examples, see
893:International System of Units
816:, in cgs units equivalent to
725:The work required to move an
398:
219:kilocalories (thermochemical)
3200:
1073:Orders of magnitude (energy)
1066:
7:
1568:International Space Station
10:
4513:
3545:
2960:"Neutrinos and Supernovae"
2415:Energy and the Environment
1853:
1730:
1562:of energy was released by
1079:SI multiples of joule (J)
1070:
775:
411:, the joule is defined as
18:
4418:
4392:
4268:
4148:Fossil fuel power station
4116:
4029:
3935:
3810:Electric potential energy
3775:
3755:Thermodynamic temperature
3735:Thermodynamic free energy
3730:Thermodynamic equilibrium
3576:
3553:
3495:
3459:
3381:
3256:
3208:
2868:World Energy Outlook 2022
1530:. 2 GJ is about the
1383:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
871:) over the distance of 1
752:The joule is named after
367:done when a force of one
261:
239:
214:
191:
165:
140:
114:
110:
92:
82:
74:
64:
52:
47:
35:
30:
4219:Concentrated solar power
3441:minute and second of arc
3082:"What Is A Watt Second?"
1690:world energy consumption
1577:and orbital velocity of
1048:The kinetic energy of a
902:(in 1960 and 1967), the
3760:Volume (thermodynamics)
3740:Thermodynamic potential
3643:Mass–energy equivalence
3482:2019 revision of the SI
2183:Fundamentals of Physics
2009:is the angle swept (in
1850:Newton-metre and torque
1656:U.S. energy consumption
1548:The terajoule is about
3715:Quantum thermodynamics
3705:Laws of thermodynamics
3586:Conservation of energy
3134:
3114:Listen to this article
2694:
2593:
2051:electronic flash units
1985:
1931:has given the unit of
1652:moment magnitude scale
979:through a distance of
607:
21:Joule (disambiguation)
3832:Interatomic potential
3623:Energy transformation
3133:
2772:European Space Agency
2695:
2594:
1986:
1745:10 erg (exactly)
1439:Large Hadron Collider
1427:of a flying mosquito.
608:
4487:James Prescott Joule
4280:Efficient energy use
4253:Airborne wind energy
4231:Solar thermal energy
4138:Electricity delivery
3750:Thermodynamic system
3695:Irreversible process
3383:Other accepted units
3165:More spoken articles
2610:
2515:
2231:Siemens, Cal Wilhelm
1962:
1872:(about some angle):
1812: J; 3.6 MJ
937:); about 5,000
935:basal metabolic rate
822:James Prescott Joule
754:James Prescott Joule
421:
393:James Prescott Joule
87:James Prescott Joule
4302:Energy conservation
4224:Photovoltaic system
4197:Nuclear power plant
3882:Quantum fluctuation
3745:Thermodynamic state
3720:Thermal equilibrium
3467:Conversion of units
2967:Los Alamos Sciences
2392:Engineering Toolbox
1686:those of pure water
1658:amounts to roughly
1457:1.4 kilojoules
1080:
1017:mass travelling at
105:... is equal to ...
48:General information
4339:Sustainable energy
4317:Energy development
4307:Energy consumption
4143:Energy engineering
3260:with special names
3135:
2745:on 11 October 2009
2690:
2623:
2589:
2528:
2445:public.web.cern.ch
2045:sustained for one
1981:
1919:, which works out
1615:210 petajoule
1421:160 nanojoule
1406:– is given by the
1078:
918:Practical examples
906:(in 1983) and the
883:in the context of
840:(later renamed to
603:
601:
271:
263:
249:
241:
224:
216:
201:
193:
175:
167:
150:
142:
124:
116:
4474:
4473:
4241:Solar power tower
3887:Quantum potential
3725:Thermal reservoir
3628:Energy transition
3513:
3512:
3391:astronomical unit
3131:
2688:
2684:
2657:
2653:
2637:
2633:
2622:
2587:
2583:
2562:
2558:
2542:
2538:
2527:
2370:"SI Redefinition"
2356:978-92-822-2272-0
1923:to have the same
1913:
1912:
1900:Moment of inertia
1864:, the concept of
1773:1 thermochemical
1718:is approximately
1692:is approximately
1388:
1387:
857:magnetic constant
719:
718:
715:
714:
585:
559:
523:
497:
443:
383:passes through a
355:) is the unit of
284:
283:
93:Conversions
16:SI unit of energy
4504:
4492:SI derived units
4462:
4461:
4450:
4438:
4437:
4426:
4425:
4400:Carbon footprint
4334:Renewable energy
4175:Hydroelectricity
4165:Geothermal power
3608:Energy condition
3540:
3533:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3503:
3502:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3155:
3153:
3142:
3141:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3101:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3046:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3008:. Archived from
2998:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2973:. Archived from
2964:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2935:"Physical Units"
2931:Feynman, Richard
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2889:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2774:. Archived from
2769:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2738:. Archived from
2733:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2615:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2520:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2491:. Archived from
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2465:. Archived from
2459:
2453:
2452:
2447:. Archived from
2441:"Physics – CERN"
2437:
2431:
2430:
2418:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2348:
2338:
2332:
2321:
2315:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2287:
2281:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2119:Yahoo! Education
2112:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2080:
2066:
2005:of) torque, and
2003:vector magnitude
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1875:
1874:
1845:
1838:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1721:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1695:
1677:
1676:
1665:
1661:
1649:
1639:
1638:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1576:
1561:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1521:
1513:
1512:
1501:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1469:
1458:
1448:
1447:
1434:
1433:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1405:
1395:
1394:
1081:
1077:
1061:
1051:
1044:
1023:
1016:
1009:
999:
985:
978:
971:
961:
954:
932:
819:
756:. As with every
617:
616:
612:
610:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
583:
576:
572:
568:
557:
550:
546:
545:
544:
535:
521:
514:
510:
506:
495:
488:
484:
483:
482:
470:
465:
464:
455:
441:
432:
414:
413:
407:and in terms of
377:electric current
348:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
332:
329:
318:
312:
311:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
280:
278:
272:
264:
257:
255:
250:
242:
235:
230:
225:
217:
210:
208:
202:
194:
179:
176:
168:
158:
156:
151:
143:
125:
117:
40:
28:
27:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4497:Units of energy
4477:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4414:
4410:Waste-to-energy
4388:
4324:Energy security
4270:
4264:
4120:
4112:
4091:Natural uranium
4025:
4006:Mechanical wave
3937:Energy carriers
3931:
3771:
3700:Isolated system
3578:
3572:
3549:
3544:
3514:
3509:
3491:
3472:Metric prefixes
3455:
3377:
3259:
3252:
3204:
3199:
3169:
3168:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3146:This audio file
3143:
3136:
3127:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3094:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3044:
3033:
3029:
3015:
3013:
3012:on 28 June 2009
3000:
2999:
2992:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2962:
2956:
2952:
2943:
2941:
2928:
2924:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2833:Financial Times
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2806:Washington Post
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2781:on 21 July 2011
2778:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2731:
2725:
2721:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2685:
2664:
2654:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2634:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2584:
2569:
2559:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2498:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2409:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2322:
2318:
2304:
2300:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2273:
2269:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2233:(August 1882).
2228:
2224:
2215:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2178:Resnick, Robert
2174:Halliday, David
2171:
2167:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2113:
2109:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2078:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2019:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1946:quantity – the
1858:
1852:
1843:
1836:
1832:= 4.184 GJ
1826:
1820:
1816:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1729:
1719:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1688:. Human annual
1674:
1673:
1663:
1659:
1647:
1636:
1635:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1597:
1589:
1578:
1571:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1541:
1524:chemical energy
1516:
1510:
1509:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1477:
1464:
1461:solar radiation
1456:
1455:receives about
1445:
1444:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1403:
1392:
1391:
1076:
1069:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1018:
1011:
1004:
994:
980:
973:
966:
956:
949:
927:
920:
817:
794:Wilhelm Siemens
778:
727:electric charge
600:
599:
590:
586:
574:
573:
564:
560:
548:
547:
540:
536:
531:
524:
512:
511:
502:
498:
486:
485:
475:
471:
466:
460:
456:
451:
444:
434:
428:
424:
422:
419:
418:
401:
346:
326:
322:
316:
295:
291:
276:
274:
270:
262:
253:
251:
248:
240:
234:
228:
226:
223:
215:
206:
204:
200:
192:
177:
174:
166:
154:
152:
149:
141:
123:
115:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4510:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4456:
4444:
4432:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4405:Jevons paradox
4402:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4329:Energy storage
4326:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4276:
4274:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4211:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4167:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:Electric power
4130:
4124:
4122:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4031:Primary energy
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3665:Entropic force
3662:
3655:Thermodynamics
3652:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3520:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3278:degree Celsius
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3258:Derived units
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3175:
3158:
3144:
3137:
3125:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3093:
3092:External links
3090:
3088:
3087:
3073:
3053:
3027:
2990:
2950:
2922:
2910:
2881:
2859:
2818:
2792:
2756:
2719:
2701:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2600:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2535:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2505:
2480:
2454:
2451:on 2012-12-13.
2432:
2425:
2403:
2379:
2361:
2355:
2333:
2316:
2298:
2282:
2274:Pat Naughtin:
2267:
2222:
2198:
2192:
2165:
2147:
2135:
2123:
2107:
2087:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2018:
2015:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1854:Main article:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1731:Main article:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1708:
1701:
1678:
1671:
1666:in 2021. One
1640:
1633:
1612:
1605:
1594:Hurricane Irma
1586:kinetic energy
1546:
1539:
1514:
1507:
1482:
1475:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1425:kinetic energy
1418:
1411:
1408:Landauer limit
1396:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
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1305:
1301:
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1209:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1046:
1039:kinetic energy
1035:
1028:
1025:
1003:travelling at
991:kinetic energy
987:
963:
946:
919:
916:
830:
829:
777:
774:
750:
749:
738:
717:
716:
713:
712:
707:
703:
702:
697:
693:
692:
687:
683:
682:
677:
673:
672:
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663:
662:
657:
653:
652:
647:
643:
642:
637:
633:
632:
629:
625:
624:
621:
614:
597:
593:
589:
582:
579:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
556:
553:
551:
549:
543:
539:
534:
530:
527:
520:
517:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
494:
491:
489:
487:
481:
478:
474:
469:
463:
459:
454:
450:
447:
440:
437:
435:
431:
427:
426:
400:
397:
282:
281:
268:
259:
258:
246:
237:
236:
232:
221:
212:
211:
198:
196:kilowatt-hours
189:
188:
172:
163:
162:
147:
138:
137:
121:
112:
111:
108:
107:
102:
95:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
50:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4509:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4467:
4466:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4384:United States
4382:
4380:
4379:South America
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4312:Energy policy
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4267:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:Solar furnace
4234:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:Nuclear power
4190:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:Energy system
4115:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4071:Gravitational
4069:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3999:Hydrogen fuel
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
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3900:
3898:
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3875:
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3870:
3868:
3865:
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3860:
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3855:
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3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3820:Gravitational
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3766:
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3733:
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3726:
3723:
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3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3690:Heat transfer
3688:
3686:
3685:Heat capacity
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3638:Negative mass
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:Energy system
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
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3575:
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3536:
3534:
3529:
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3521:
3518:
3506:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3483:
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3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:degree of arc
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3374:
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3369:
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3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
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3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3191:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3166:
3162:
3147:
3108:at Wiktionary
3107:
3106:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3083:
3077:
3060:
3056:
3054:92-822-2213-6
3050:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3024:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2980:on 2009-01-14
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2926:
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2914:
2898:
2894:
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2869:
2863:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
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2822:
2807:
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2796:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2760:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2604:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2509:
2495:on 2011-08-30
2494:
2490:
2484:
2469:on 2023-05-15
2468:
2464:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2428:
2426:0-471-73989-8
2422:
2417:
2416:
2407:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2376:. 2018-05-11.
2375:
2371:
2365:
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2331:
2327:
2326:
2320:
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2309:
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2302:
2294:
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2286:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2162:. 2016-01-28.
2161:
2157:
2151:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2094:
2090:
2088:92-822-2213-6
2084:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1957:
1956:cross product
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:algebraically
1918:
1908:
1906:Displacement
1905:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1824:
1814:
1811:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1668:Petawatt-hour
1657:
1653:
1646:in Japan had
1645:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1630:terawatt-hour
1627:
1622:
1613:
1606:
1603:
1602:gigawatt-hour
1595:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1540:
1537:
1536:megawatt-hour
1533:
1532:Planck energy
1529:
1525:
1522:is about the
1520:
1515:
1508:
1505:
1504:kilowatt-hour
1500:
1489:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1423:is about the
1419:
1412:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1090:
1084:Submultiples
1082:
1074:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1002:
998:
992:
988:
984:
977:
970:
964:
960:
953:
947:
944:
940:
936:
931:
928:16.6667
925:
924:
923:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
847:In 1935, the
845:
843:
839:
835:
827:
826:
825:
823:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
747:
746:kilowatt-hour
743:
739:
736:
732:
728:
724:
723:
722:
711:
708:
705:
704:
701:
698:
695:
694:
691:
688:
685:
684:
681:
678:
675:
674:
671:
668:
665:
664:
661:
658:
655:
654:
651:
648:
645:
644:
641:
638:
635:
634:
630:
627:
626:
622:
619:
618:
615:
613:
591:
580:
578:
565:
554:
552:
541:
532:
518:
516:
503:
492:
490:
479:
476:
467:
461:
452:
438:
436:
416:
415:
412:
410:
406:
405:SI base units
396:
395:(1818–1889).
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
341:
320:
319:
310:
289:
269:
267:
266:electronvolts
260:
247:
245:
238:
222:
220:
213:
199:
197:
190:
187:
183:
173:
171:
164:
161:
148:
146:
139:
136:
132:
128:
122:
120:
119:SI base units
113:
109:
106:
103:
101:
97:
96:
91:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
55:
51:
46:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4463:
4451:
4439:
4427:
4209:Oil refinery
4153:Cogeneration
4086:Nuclear fuel
3892:Quintessence
3680:Free entropy
3613:Energy level
3577:Fundamental
3416:electronvolt
3302:
3104:
3076:
3066:, retrieved
3040:
3030:
3021:
3014:. Retrieved
3010:the original
2982:. Retrieved
2975:the original
2966:
2953:
2942:. Retrieved
2938:
2925:
2913:
2901:. Retrieved
2896:
2872:. Retrieved
2862:
2852:11 September
2850:. Retrieved
2831:
2821:
2809:. Retrieved
2805:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2776:the original
2759:
2747:. Retrieved
2740:the original
2722:
2713:
2704:
2603:
2508:
2497:. Retrieved
2493:the original
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2467:the original
2457:
2449:the original
2444:
2435:
2414:
2406:
2395:. Retrieved
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2342:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2291:
2285:
2276:
2270:
2240:
2235:
2225:
2214:. Retrieved
2210:
2201:
2181:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2110:
2100:, retrieved
2074:
2064:
2035:derived unit
2030:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1941:
1936:
1917:newton-metre
1914:
1859:
1856:Newton-metre
1809:
1768:
1736:
1712:Indian Ocean
1648:1.41 EJ
1404:2.75 zJ
1400:electronvolt
1379:quettajoule
1370:quectojoule
1257:
1252:
1244:
1239:
1229:
1224:
1216:
1211:
1201:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1155:
941:(1,200
921:
897:
846:
837:
831:
801:
779:
769:
751:
720:
417:
403:In terms of
402:
352:
290:(pronounced
287:
285:
231:10 kcal
209:10 kW⋅h
170:watt-seconds
104:
99:
65:Unit of
25:
4465:WikiProject
4285:Agriculture
4214:Solar power
4180:Tidal power
4054:Natural gas
4044:Fossil fuel
3987:Latent heat
3955:Electricity
2874:7 September
2714:www.eia.gov
2023:watt-second
2017:Watt-second
1997:is energy,
1950:of a force
1948:dot product
1759:10 BTU
1727:Conversions
1722:per second.
1720:400 YJ
1698:2.2 ZJ
1694:0.5 ZJ
1664:439 EJ
1598:112 TJ
1592:. In 2017,
1588:of roughly
1550:0.278
1534:unit. One
1359:ronnajoule
1350:rontojoule
1339:yottajoule
1330:yoctojoule
1319:zettajoule
1310:zeptojoule
1270:femtojoule
1147:hectojoule
1138:centijoule
1057:0.102
955:device for
885:calorimetry
818:10 erg
804:as unit of
766:common noun
733:through an
256:10 BTU
83:Named after
54:Unit system
4481:Categories
4248:Wind power
4170:Hydropower
4121:components
4076:Hydropower
4066:Geothermal
4016:Sound wave
3927:Zero-point
3857:Mechanical
3842:Ionization
3815:Electrical
3710:Negentropy
3591:Energetics
3210:Base units
3161:Audio help
3152:2024-03-06
3068:2021-12-16
2984:2008-04-23
2944:2014-03-07
2811:2 November
2499:2005-10-05
2397:2021-06-14
2216:2024-04-07
2193:0471344311
2102:2021-12-16
2057:References
1925:dimensions
1802:kW⋅h = 3.6
1752:10 eV
1705:Yottajoule
1682:Baltic Sea
1675:Zettajoule
1660:94 EJ
1626:Tsar Bomba
1590:13 TJ
1579:7700
1564:Little Boy
1432:Microjoule
1393:Zeptojoule
1373:10 J
1364:10 J
1353:10 J
1344:10 J
1333:10 J
1324:10 J
1313:10 J
1304:10 J
1293:10 J
1290:attojoule
1284:10 J
1279:petajoule
1273:10 J
1264:10 J
1249:10 J
1236:10 J
1221:10 J
1208:10 J
1193:10 J
1189:microjoule
1180:10 J
1165:10 J
1161:millijoule
1152:10 J
1141:10 J
1132:10 J
1127:decajoule
1121:10 J
1118:decijoule
1112:10 J
1104:SI symbol
1095:SI symbol
1087:Multiples
1062:/crystal).
1043:50 kg
1019:1.41
782:cgs system
762:upper case
399:Definition
385:resistance
351:; symbol:
279:10 eV
4359:Australia
4295:Transport
4290:Computing
4258:Wind farm
4185:Wave farm
4059:Petroleum
4039:Bioenergy
4011:Radiation
3950:Capacitor
3872:Potential
3353:steradian
3268:becquerel
2842:0307-1766
2640:⋅
2626:⋅
2545:⋅
2531:⋅
2330:bipm.org.
2211:ThoughtCo
1975:θ
1972:τ
1935:the name
1862:mechanics
1844:10 J
1654:. Yearly
1617:is about
1609:Petajoule
1574:megagrams
1572:450
1543:Terajoule
1528:petroleum
1519:gigajoule
1511:Gigajoule
1497:4.2
1493:10 L
1486:161
1479:Megajoule
1472:watt-hour
1465:122
1446:Kilojoule
1415:Nanojoule
1299:exajoule
1258:terajoule
1245:picojoule
1230:gigajoule
1217:nanojoule
1202:megajoule
1174:kilojoule
1067:Multiples
1050:56 g
895:in 1960.
592:⋅
566:⋅
533:⋅
504:⋅
477:−
468:⋅
453:⋅
145:CGS units
98:1 J
4429:Category
3994:Hydrogen
3960:Enthalpy
3862:Negative
3852:Magnetic
3837:Internal
3795:Chemical
3660:Enthalpy
3579:concepts
3505:Category
3460:See also
3233:kilogram
3202:SI units
3163: ·
3059:archived
3038:(2006),
3016:18 March
2933:(1963).
2897:noaa.gov
2846:Archived
2785:18 March
2749:18 March
2312:bipm.org
2180:(1974),
2093:archived
2072:(2006),
2027:W s
2025:(symbol
2001:is (the
1881:Angular
1821:1 J
1637:Exajoule
1621:megatons
1619:50
1584:, has a
1557:63
972:mass at
945:) / day.
908:kilogram
838:quadrant
836:and the
768:; i.e.,
640:kilogram
623:Meaning
4441:Commons
4269:Use and
4128:Biomass
4098:Radiant
3945:Battery
3917:Thermal
3912:Surface
3897:Radiant
3867:Phantom
3847:Kinetic
3825:Binding
3805:Elastic
3788:Nuclear
3783:Binding
3670:Entropy
3568:Outline
3558:History
3421:hectare
3406:decibel
3348:sievert
3343:siemens
3273:coulomb
3223:candela
3150: (
3121:minutes
2903:8 March
2257:⁄
2247:⁄
2033:) is a
2011:radians
1889:Torque
1830:ton TNT
1777:= 4.184
1775:calorie
1755:9.47817
1748:6.24151
1600:. One
1517:6
1012:1
1010:, or a
1005:1
995:2
981:1
974:1
967:1
957:1
950:1
912:in 2019
889:calorie
776:History
731:coulomb
729:of one
700:coulomb
620:Symbol
387:of one
379:of one
359:in the
4453:Portal
4374:Mexico
4369:Europe
4364:Canada
4349:Africa
4272:supply
4081:Marine
3970:Fossil
3922:Vacuum
3675:Exergy
3596:Energy
3547:Energy
3436:minute
3396:dalton
3338:radian
3333:pascal
3323:newton
3248:second
3228:kelvin
3218:ampere
3051:
2840:
2683:
2652:
2632:
2582:
2557:
2537:
2423:
2353:
2190:
2085:
2047:second
2039:energy
1993:where
1952:vector
1944:scalar
1933:energy
1909:Angle
1878:Linear
1870:torque
1837:
1827:
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1817:
1800:
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1786:
1779:
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1502:. One
1101:Value
1092:Value
900:second
869:newton
853:Giorgi
810:ampere
788:. The
680:pascal
670:newton
660:second
631:joule
584:
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522:
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381:ampere
369:newton
357:energy
180:
100:in ...
75:Symbol
69:energy
4393:Misc.
4103:Solar
3907:Sound
3776:Types
3650:Power
3601:Units
3563:Index
3451:tonne
3446:neper
3431:litre
3373:weber
3358:tesla
3313:lumen
3308:katal
3303:joule
3298:hertz
3293:henry
3283:farad
3238:metre
3105:joule
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3045:(PDF)
2978:(PDF)
2963:(PDF)
2779:(PDF)
2768:(PDF)
2743:(PDF)
2732:(PDF)
2473:2 May
2347:(PDF)
2263:heat.
2096:(PDF)
2079:(PDF)
1937:joule
1886:Force
1866:force
1453:Earth
1107:Name
1098:Name
1041:of a
993:of a
904:metre
873:metre
842:henry
802:joule
770:joule
742:power
650:metre
373:metre
288:joule
227:2.390
31:Joule
4354:Asia
4108:Wind
4049:Coal
4021:Work
3982:Heat
3965:Fuel
3902:Rest
3800:Dark
3765:Work
3633:Mass
3426:hour
3368:watt
3363:volt
3288:gray
3243:mole
3049:ISBN
3018:2015
2905:2022
2876:2023
2854:2017
2838:ISSN
2813:2017
2787:2015
2751:2015
2579:3500
2475:2017
2421:ISBN
2374:NIST
2351:ISBN
2259:4000
2249:1000
2188:ISBN
2160:NIST
2083:ISBN
2043:watt
1895:Mass
1642:The
1488:km/h
1467:km/h
1437:The
1124:daJ
1037:The
1032:heat
1030:The
1001:mass
989:The
943:kcal
881:heat
865:work
834:watt
812:and
806:heat
780:The
710:volt
690:watt
365:work
347:JOWL
317:JOOL
286:The
275:6.24
252:9.48
244:BTUs
205:2.78
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3401:day
3328:ohm
3318:lux
2680:400
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2561:m/s
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2031:W⋅s
2029:or
1860:In
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1581:m/s
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1316:ZJ
1307:zJ
1296:EJ
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1135:cJ
1115:dJ
1021:m/s
1007:m/s
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814:ohm
790:erg
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636:kg
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1059:mg
1014:kg
997:kg
969:kg
939:kJ
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930:ms
758:SI
706:V
696:C
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656:s
646:m
628:J
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331:dʒ
313:,
303:uː
300:dʒ
233:th
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127:kg
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