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351:), judgement is part of a set of cognitive processes by which individuals reason, make decisions, and form beliefs and opinions (collectively, judgement and decision making, abbreviated JDM). This involves evaluating information, weighing evidence, making choices, and coming to conclusions. Judgements are often influenced by
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One may use the power or faculty of judgement to render judgements, in seeking to understand ideas and the things they represent, by means of ratiocination, using good or poor discernment or judgement. Each use of the word judgement has a different sense, corresponding to the triad of mental power,
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For example, we might say the proposition "the orange is round" is a true statement because we agree with the underlying judged relation between the objects of the terms, making us believe the statement to be faithful to reality. However the object of the term "orange" is no relation to be judged
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Aristotle observed that our power to judge takes two forms: making assertions and thinking about definitions. He defined these powers in distinctive terms. Making an assertion as a result of judging can affirm or deny something; it must be either true or false. In a judgement, one affirms a given
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relationship between two things, or one denies a relationship between two things exists. The kinds of definitions that are judgements are those that are the intersection of two or more ideas rather than those indicated only by usual examples — that is, constitutive definitions.
509:, questioned whether "definitions of abstraction" that come from merging examples in one's mind are really analytically distinct from judgements. The mind may automatically tend to form a judgement upon having been given such examples.
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terms because their objects are the final components that arise at the point of certain judgements, like in the case of "judgement of separation". These are types of judgements described in this example, which must
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of different uses of a term, if one exists, to help determine if the uses are in fact different. Some opposites help demonstrate that their uses are actually distinct:
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Or one might see "2 + 2 = 4" and call this statement derived from an arithmetical judgement true, but one would most likely agree that the objects of the number
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try to represent are only "true" or "false"—with respect to the judging act or communicating that judgement—in the sense of "well-chosen" or "ill-chosen".
553:". Once a composite number is separated into prime numbers as the objects of the assigned terms of the problem, one can see they are, in a sense,
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merely represents something brought to our attention, correctly or otherwise, for the sake of the judgement with no further evaluation possible.
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In informal use, words like "judgement" are often used imprecisely, even when keeping them separated by the triad of power, act, and habit.
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Aristotle observed that while we interpret propositions drawn from judgements and call them "true" and "false", the objects that the
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is an international academic society dedicated to the topic; they publish the peer-reviewed journal
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Thinking and reasoning: an introduction to the psychology of reason, judgment and decision making
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A Philosophical
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The Wiley
Blackwell handbook of judgment and decision making
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The Wiley
Blackwell handbook of judgment and decision making
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594:(Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), and also found in the
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Decision making; evaluation of evidence to make a decision
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The Work of Art in the Age of
Mechanical Reproduction
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160:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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718: – Attitudes based on preconceived categories
579:: "Do not judge, so that you may not be judged." (
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908:. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
858:. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
815:AskOxford.com: Compact Oxford English Dictionary
689: – Misleading someone into doubting reality
879:Sternberg, Robert J.; Sternberg, Karin (2017).
19:"Judgment" redirects here. For other uses, see
933:(1. publ ed.). London: Psychology Press.
883:(Seventh ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning.
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437:by those trying to understand the judgement.
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60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2134:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues
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838:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
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748: – Philosophical and ethical concept
659: – Deciding between multiple options
323:Learn how and when to remove this message
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
904:Keren, Gideon; Wu, George, eds. (2015).
854:Keren, Gideon; Wu, George, eds. (2015).
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369:Society for Judgment and Decision Making
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978:Wanga, Zheng; et al. (2014).
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473:Additionally, judgement can mean
41:This article has multiple issues.
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771:The Website of Prof. Paul Brians
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104:, and many more specific issues.
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929:Manktelow, Kenneth Ian (2012).
798:from the original on 2009-09-17
443:Used in the context of a legal
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49:or discuss these issues on the
2119:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues
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817:. 2013-08-13. Archived from
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82:may need to be rewritten
1926:Evolutionary aesthetics
1876:The Aesthetic Dimension
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2001:Philosophy portal
699:Judgment at Nuremberg
566:Judgement in religion
465:of adjudication. See
2101:Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā
1946:Philosophy of design
1826:In Praise of Shadows
1816:The Critic as Artist
881:Cognitive psychology
821:on November 20, 2005
792:Cambridge Dictionary
722:Presumption of guilt
513:Distinction of parts
475:personality judgment
367:). In research, the
365:analytical reasoning
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336:Cognitive psychology
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2171:Theological virtues
2074:Positive psychology
1956:Philosophy of music
1931:Mathematical beauty
998:2014PNAS..111.9431W
592:Abrahamic religions
577:Sermon on the Mount
395:cognitive faculties
384:expressed as facts.
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2195:Individual virtues
2139:Nine Noble Virtues
2068:Nicomachean Ethics
1951:Philosophy of film
1941:Patterns in nature
1911:Applied aesthetics
1886:Why Beauty Matters
1672:Life imitating art
1533:Art for art's sake
728:Social undermining
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1192:Psychoanalysis
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794:. 2013-08-07.
783:
776:
773:. 19 May 2016.
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746:Value judgment
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734:Smear campaign
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675:Discrimination
672:
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588:Last Judgement
584:
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514:
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507:Mortimer Adler
498:
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482:
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467:Judgment (law)
441:
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119:September 2022
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39:
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36:
29:
15:
9:
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2670:
2664:
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2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:Sportsmanship
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:Righteousness
2586:
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2579:
2576:
2574:
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2559:
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2528:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:Nonattachment
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
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2255:
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2199:
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2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Seven virtues
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2108:Brahmavihārās
2105:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2084:Virtue ethics
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:
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2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:About virtues
2048:
2044:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1966:Theory of art
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1888:
1887:
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1877:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1843:
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1837:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1756:Hippias Major
1753:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
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1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
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1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
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1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Entertainment
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
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1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:Art manifesto
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:Appropriation
1526:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
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1483:
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1478:
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1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
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1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
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1446:
1443:
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1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:Merleau-Ponty
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
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1378:
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1373:
1371:
1368:
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1313:
1311:
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1291:
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1286:
1283:
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1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:Abhinavagupta
1233:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Postmodernism
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
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1138:
1132:
1129:
1127:
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1119:
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1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
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1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
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1061:
1056:
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1042:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1018:
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1008:
1003:
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995:
991:
987:
986:
981:
976:
975:
962:
961:
953:
951:
942:
936:
932:
925:
917:
911:
907:
900:
892:
886:
882:
875:
867:
861:
857:
850:
839:
835:
831:
820:
816:
812:
808:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:
780:
772:
768:
762:
758:
747:
744:
741:
740:Understanding
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
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673:
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667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
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649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
636:
632:
621:
618:
607:
597:
593:
589:
585:
582:
581:Matthew 7:1–5
578:
574:
570:
569:
563:
561:
556:
552:
551:prime factors
548:
545:
540:
538:
533:
531:
525:
523:
518:
510:
508:
503:
494:
492:
487:
478:
476:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:
450:
446:
442:
439:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
417:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:
396:
392:
390:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:
334:
327:
324:
316:
307:
306:
301:This section
299:
290:
289:
286:
284:
280:
276:
274:
270:
266:
265:
260:
256:
252:
242:
239:
224:
221:
213:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171: –
170:
166:
165:Find sources:
159:
155:
149:
148:
143:This article
141:
137:
132:
131:
122:
112:
108:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:This article
78:
74:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
3086:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3038:
3022:
3015:
2981:
2974:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2857:
2850:
2845:Brahmacharya
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2783:
2776:
2751:
2744:
2728:
2710:
2694:
2687:
2643:Tranquillity
2593:Self-control
2563:Renunciation
2521:Philanthropy
2516:Perspicacity
2476:Magnificence
2445:
2429:Intelligence
2409:Impartiality
2329:Faithfulness
2217:Authenticity
2143:
2129:Five virtues
2106:
2099:
2079:Trait theory
2066:
1884:
1874:
1864:
1834:
1824:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1701:
1677:Magnificence
1659:
1509:
1475:Schopenhauer
1310:Coomaraswamy
1228:Philosophers
1216:
1147:Aestheticism
1032:
989:
983:
959:
930:
924:
905:
899:
880:
874:
855:
849:
837:
823:. Retrieved
819:the original
814:
800:. Retrieved
791:
779:
770:
761:
596:Frashokereti
559:
554:
549:in terms of
546:
541:
536:
534:
529:
526:
521:
519:
516:
504:
500:
491:human nature
488:
484:
472:
462:
458:
454:adjudication
452:
434:
431:propositions
430:
426:
413:indiscretion
412:
408:
404:
398:
387:Informal in
319:
310:
305:copy editing
303:may require
302:
282:
277:
264:adjudication
262:
254:
250:
249:
234:
216:
207:
197:
190:
183:
176:
164:
152:Please help
147:verification
144:
116:
107:You can help
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
2663:Workmanship
2553:Punctuality
2471:Magnanimity
2394:Hospitality
2344:Forgiveness
2289:Discernment
2247:Cleanliness
1770:(c. 335 BC)
1760:(c. 390 BC)
1739:Work of art
1692:Picturesque
1548:Avant-garde
1505:Winckelmann
1380:Kierkegaard
1305:Collingwood
1275:Baudrillard
1202:Romanticism
1172:Historicism
1106:Mathematics
960:Metaphysics
957:Aristotle.
811:"judgement"
767:"judgement"
687:Gaslighting
435:interpreted
409:foolishness
405:discernment
313:August 2023
169:"Judgement"
96:, a lot of
3117:Categories
2976:Auctoritas
2824:Aparigraha
2803:Adhiṭṭhāna
2785:Sophrosyne
2753:Eutrapelia
2638:Temperance
2618:Solidarity
2608:Simplicity
2568:Resilience
2543:Politeness
2511:Patriotism
2491:Moderation
2364:Good faith
2354:Generosity
2314:Equanimity
2294:Discipline
2252:Compassion
1709:Recreation
1687:Perception
1580:Creativity
1280:Baumgarten
1270:Baudelaire
1152:Classicism
1067:Aesthetics
834:"judgment"
825:2013-08-17
802:2013-08-17
788:"judgment"
753:References
669:Defamation
639:Ad hominem
459:suspension
423:comparison
389:psychology
357:heuristics
269:evaluation
210:March 2012
180:newspapers
46:improve it
3024:Humanitas
2770:Phronesis
2761:Philotimo
2613:Sincerity
2578:Reverence
2446:Judgement
2434:Emotional
2424:Integrity
2414:Innocence
2369:Gratitude
2349:Frugality
2339:Foresight
2319:Etiquette
2309:Endurance
2284:Diligence
2207:Alertness
2156:Scout Law
2057:Endowment
1714:Reverence
1620:Eroticism
1590:Depiction
1563:Masculine
1465:Santayana
1425:Nietzsche
1370:Hutcheson
1360:Heidegger
1345:Greenberg
1300:Coleridge
1265:Balthasar
1250:Aristotle
1212:Theosophy
1207:Symbolism
1182:Modernism
1167:Formalism
716:Prejudice
710:Phronesis
560:terminate
530:as a term
463:deferment
279:Aristotle
267:) is the
251:Judgement
111:talk page
52:talk page
3017:Gravitas
3000:Dignitas
2746:Ataraxia
2628:Sympathy
2558:Religion
2548:Prudence
2506:Patience
2481:Meekness
2456:Kindness
2404:Humility
2399:Humanity
2334:Fidelity
2279:Courtesy
2242:Chivalry
2237:Chastity
2227:Charisma
2222:Calmness
2212:Altruism
1989:Category
1921:Axiology
1790:(c. 500)
1780:(c. 100)
1655:Judgment
1610:Emotions
1605:Elegance
1585:Cuteness
1558:Feminine
1521:Concepts
1490:Tanizaki
1470:Schiller
1455:Richards
1445:Rancière
1415:Maritain
1350:Hanslick
1290:Benjamin
1162:Feminism
1131:Theology
1111:Medieval
1101:Japanese
1096:Internet
1026:24979797
796:Archived
603:See also
382:Opinions
378:Informal
361:numeracy
283:opposite
255:judgment
3128:Thought
3072:Sadaqah
3058:Ganbaru
2991:Decorum
2983:Caritas
2938:Śraddhā
2924:Shaucha
2889:Kshanti
2817:Akrodha
2672:Chinese
2573:Respect
2496:Modesty
2466:Loyalty
2451:Justice
2419:Insight
2379:Honesty
2374:Heroism
2304:Empathy
2262:Courage
2232:Charity
2145:Pāramīs
2043:Virtues
1984:Outline
1899:Related
1766:Poetics
1734:Tragedy
1724:Sublime
1697:Quality
1682:Mimesis
1640:Harmony
1625:Fashion
1600:Ecstasy
1595:Disgust
1511:more...
1480:Scruton
1405:Lyotard
1340:Goodman
1320:Deleuze
1255:Aquinas
1245:Alberti
1218:more...
1197:Realism
1177:Marxism
1157:Fascism
1140:Schools
1126:Science
1081:Ancient
1017:4084470
994:Bibcode
194:scholar
3040:Virtus
3032:Pietas
2951:Upekṣā
2944:Saddhā
2910:Prajñā
2903:Muditā
2882:Kshama
2875:Karuṇā
2838:Asteya
2831:Ārjava
2810:Ahimsa
2795:Indian
2778:Sophia
2653:Wisdom
2531:Filial
2439:Social
2384:Honour
1890:(2009)
1880:(1977)
1870:(1946)
1860:(1939)
1850:(1935)
1840:(1934)
1830:(1933)
1820:(1891)
1810:(1835)
1800:(1757)
1667:Kitsch
1645:Humour
1575:Comedy
1553:Beauty
1495:Vasari
1485:Tagore
1460:Ruskin
1400:Lukács
1390:Langer
1335:Goethe
1260:Balázs
1240:Adorno
1121:Nature
1086:Africa
1024:
1014:
937:
912:
887:
862:
663:Decree
657:Choice
555:called
418:Formal
400:wisdom
257:) (in
196:
189:
182:
175:
167:
109:. The
3096:Virtù
3050:Other
3009:Fides
2968:Latin
2958:Vīrya
2917:Satya
2896:Mettā
2859:Dhṛti
2738:Arete
2730:Agape
2722:Greek
2648:Trust
2633:Taste
2526:Piety
2486:Mercy
2359:Glory
2324:Faith
2272:Moral
2267:Civil
2186:Yamas
1979:Index
1748:Works
1729:Taste
1719:Style
1500:Wilde
1440:Plato
1435:Pater
1395:Lipps
1355:Hegel
1325:Dewey
1315:Danto
1295:Burke
1116:Music
1091:India
1074:Areas
573:Jesus
537:terms
522:terms
445:trial
440:Legal
427:terms
259:legal
201:JSTOR
187:books
3088:Sisu
3080:Seny
3065:Giri
2931:Sevā
2852:Dāna
2689:Jing
2538:Pity
2461:Love
2389:Hope
2299:Duty
1703:Rasa
1661:Kama
1635:Gaze
1570:Camp
1450:Rand
1385:Klee
1375:Kant
1365:Hume
1285:Bell
1022:PMID
935:ISBN
910:ISBN
885:ISBN
860:ISBN
645:Bias
586:The
253:(or
173:news
2867:Hrī
2704:Ren
2658:Wit
1630:Fun
1410:Man
1330:Fry
1012:PMC
1002:doi
990:111
461:or
411:or
403:or
347:or
339:In
308:.
156:by
3119::
2712:Yi
2696:Li
2681:De
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