442:
370:, who also induced the tribal assembly to vote safe conduct to Jugurtha to come to Rome to give evidence against the officials suspected of succumbing to bribery. However once Jugurtha had reached Rome, another tribune used his veto to prevent evidence being given. Jugurtha also severely damaged his reputation and weakened his position by using his time in Rome to set gangs onto a cousin, named Massiva, a potential rival for the Numidian throne. The public opinion of Roman citizens and elites, among the most powerful political forces in Republican Rome, turned against him and Jugurtha was once again at war with the Republic.
385:. The war dragged out into a long and seemingly endless campaign, as the Romans tried to inflict a decisive defeat on Jugurtha. A series of incompetent generals of Rome began this renewed war; in 110 BC Jugurtha forced capitulation of an entire army being led by Aulus Pstumius Albinus and drove the Romans out of Numidia entirely. Metellus won several battles against Jugurtha in 109 BC but failed to spur Jugurtha to surrender. Frustrated at the stagnation and likely facing political pressure from Rome, Metellus's lieutenant,
518:
316:. Hiempsal and Jugurtha quarrelled immediately after the death of Micipsa. Jugurtha had Hiempsal killed, which led to open war with Adherbal. After Jugurtha defeated him in open battle, Adherbal fled to Rome for help. The Roman officials settled the fight by dividing Numidia into two parts, probably in 116, but this settlement was tainted by accusations that the Roman officials accepted bribes to favor Jugurtha. Among the officials found guilty was
29:
339:
365:
Immediately following the sack of Cirta, Bestia accepted an offer of negotiations from
Jugurtha, a highly favourable peace treaty which raised suspicions of bribery once more. The local Roman commander was summoned to Rome to face corruption charges brought by his political rival and tribune-elect
400:
both his ally and father-in-law, an age-old diplomatic move. At the outset of the major war (112–105 BC), Bocchus stood out of the way of the issue, eventually joining
Jugurtha in the fighting against Marius in 107 BC. This was short-lived support, though, as in 105 BC Marius sent his
250:, contributed greatly to the development of cavalry tactics in the Roman army which helped them to victory in the Second Punic War. His alliance with Rome began to fray in the mid-second century BC among Roman fears of Masinissa's ambitions and of Carthage's resurgence on the part of
357:
and the Senate merely sent two successive embassies to remonstrate with
Jugurtha who delayed until he had captured Cirta. His troops then massacred many residents including the Romans. This brought Jugurtha into direct conflict with Rome, which sent troops under the Consul
457:'s earliest surviving poems. Rimbaud was a French poet living in the mid- to late nineteenth century, his father a captain in the French army. The poem is a Latin ode to the Numidian king, contextualized to Rimbaud's modern context by having the ghost of Jugurtha, Ă la
389:, returned to Rome to seek election as consul in 107 BC. After winning the election, Marius returned to Numidia to take control of the war which Jugurtha was prolonging through successful guerrilla warfare.
362:. Although the Romans made significant inroads into Numidia, their heavy infantry was unable to inflict any significant casualties on Jugurtha's army which included large numbers of light cavalry.
1253:
345:
coin, Obverse: Diana, legend FAVSTVS. Reverse: Sulla seated left on a raised seat; before him kneels
Bocchus, offering an olive-branch; behind, Jugurtha kneeling left, legend FELIX. 56 BC.
257:
Masinissa died before any actual breach in the treaty in early 148 BC, but the suspicion of
Numidia lasted in Rome to affect Jugurtha. Masinissa was succeeded by his son
324:). Jugurtha was assigned the western half; later Roman propaganda claimed that this half was also richer, but in truth it was both less populated and less developed.
159:
between Rome and
Numidia. After a number of battles in Numidia between Roman and Numidian forces, Jugurtha was captured in 105 BC and paraded through Rome as part of
441:
353:. Adherbal was encouraged to hold out by a corps of Roman residents, in expectation of military aid arriving from Rome. However, Roman troops were engaged in the
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Unfortunately for
Micipsa, this only served Jugurtha, who used his time in Spain to make several influential Roman contacts. Under Scipio Aemilianus at the
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155:, along with the growing popular anger in Rome at Jugurtha's success in bribing Roman senators and thus avoiding retribution for his crimes, led to the
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in order to weaken
Jugurtha. Bocchus agreed to betray Jugurtha and hand him over to Sulla in exchange for extension of his lands into western
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as "urbem venalem et mature perituram, si emptorem invenerit" ("a city for sale and doomed to quick destruction, if it should find a buyer,"
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after which his royal robes were removed and his earrings were ripped off. He lost an ear lobe in the process. He was then thrown into the
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1725:
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The
Numidian name Jugurtha matches the ancient naming traditions of Berber peoples and is likely analyzable as the Libyco-Berber word
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265:'s illegitimate son and thusly Masinissa's illegitimate grandson), was so popular among the Numidians that Micipsa sent him away to
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148:, succeeded him. Jugurtha arranged to have Hiempsal killed and, after a civil war, defeated and killed Adherbal in 112 BC.
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421:. This brought the war to a close; Jugurtha was brought to Rome in chains and was paraded through the streets as Gaius Marius'
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When
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465:(who is unnamed in the poem) a hero of the Algerian struggle for independence against France. The poem opens:
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The Jugurthine War/The Conspiracy of Catiline. Translated with an introduction by S. A. Handford
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By 112 BC Jugurtha resumed his war with Adherbal, penning the latter up in his capital of
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Who would be the Jugurtha of the Arab people and nation,
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Telling the story of his life and making a prediction:
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A few days had passed when there arose from the infant
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tribe based near Cirta, who supported Rome during the
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roughly within the boundaries of what is now western
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The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates
273:in a poetic parallel to Masinissa's alliance with
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33:King Jugurtha (in chains) captured by the Romans
1645:James, J (2015). "Rimbaud's ode to Jugurtha".
392:Jugurtha was allied with his western neighbor
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1432:. Tufts Perseus Digital Library. p. 6.
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132:, c. 160 – 104 BC) was a king of
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1426:Sallust. Watson, John Selby (ed.).
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261:. Jugurtha, Micipsa's adopted son (
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1616:. Retrieved
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1591:. Retrieved
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1177:Black Spring
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1017:Algerian War
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971:Pacification
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888:Modern times
804:(800–909 AD)
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788:(776–909 AD)
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764:(703–744 AD)
756:(647–709 AD)
709:(585–698 AD)
701:(534–585 AD)
693:(578–708 AD)
685:(484–703 AD)
677:(477–578 AD)
669:(435–534 AD)
648:(111–106 BC)
640:(264–146 BC)
558:Rock art in
469:
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355:Cimbrian War
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307:
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286:Gaius Marius
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210:and eastern
204:North Africa
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175:in 104 BC.
161:Gaius Marius
150:
129:
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114:
113:
1653:: 197–198.
1609:"Bocchus I"
1376:“Jugurtha”
1201:Arab Spring
1078:Oujda Group
1068:Pieds-noirs
1051:1961 putsch
1046:1958 crisis
1026:Nationalism
1019:(1954–1962)
777:Muhallabids
746:Middle Ages
632:(202–46 BC)
554:(10,000 BC)
546:(20,000 BC)
538:(80,000 BC)
507:History of
449:(c. 108 BC)
47:Predecessor
1710:Categories
1659:1705726943
1583:"Jugurtha"
1557:"Jugurtha"
1531:"Jugurtha"
1467:Plutarch.
1444:"Jugurtha"
1338:References
1332:Tacfarinas
1121:1988 riots
966:Resistance
841:Almoravids
654:Mauretania
637:Punic Wars
528:Prehistory
411:Mauretania
394:Mauretania
263:Mastanabal
195:Background
107:Mastanabal
42:118–105 BC
1402:"Numidia"
1148:Massacres
1098:1960s–80s
873:Ziyyanids
833:Hammadids
817:Maghrawas
801:Aghlabids
785:Rustamids
619:Phoenicia
612:Antiquity
597:Related:
585:Madghacen
447:Bocchus I
427:Tullianum
220:Masinissa
189:agər/ugər
179:Etymology
169:Tullianum
119:Jugurthen
82:c. 104 BC
70:c. 160 BC
57:Successor
1692:Archived
1675:, 1869.
1673:Jugurtha
1655:ProQuest
1618:31 March
1593:30 March
1567:30 March
1541:30 March
1453:31 March
1411:31 March
1143:Timeline
857:Marinids
849:Almohads
809:Fatimids
793:Idrisids
769:Ifranids
732:Gemellae
722:Partenia
498:a series
496:Part of
488:See also
403:quaestor
343:Denarius
314:Adherbal
310:Hiempsal
300:35.10).
267:Hispania
248:Polybius
236:Carthage
218:, until
185:yugurtən
146:Adherbal
142:Hiempsal
130:Yugarten
126:Yugurten
115:Jugurtha
22:Jugurtha
1323:Sallust
865:Hafsids
629:Numidia
572:Ahaggar
568:Tassili
509:Algeria
431:Oxyntas
417:to the
415:Numidia
294:Sallust
259:Micipsa
224:Massyli
216:Berbers
212:Algeria
208:Tunisia
200:Numidia
138:Micipsa
134:Numidia
97:Oxyntas
73:Numidia
51:Micipsa
1657:
1517:
1479:
1359:
1128:1990s–
1073:Harkis
825:Zirids
658:Africa
652:Roman
590:Jedars
580:Roknia
564:Djelfa
500:on the
459:Hamlet
379:consul
240:Syphax
232:Punics
103:Father
1130:2000s
409:, to
407:Sulla
351:Cirta
92:Issue
61:Gauda
39:Reign
1620:2020
1595:2020
1569:2020
1543:2020
1515:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1455:2020
1413:2020
1357:ISBN
1041:GPRA
1031:RCUA
656:and
570:and
560:Oran
312:and
298:Jug.
290:Rome
153:Rome
144:and
85:Rome
79:Died
67:Born
1162:GIA
1157:FIS
1036:FLN
234:of
128:or
117:or
1712::
1651:34
1649:.
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1502:^
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1290:e
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1238:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
